US1392346A - Pulsating mechanism - Google Patents

Description

H. MCCORNACK.

PULSA-[ING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION HLED JuLY 2,1917.

`. Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET H.'McCORNACK.

PULSATING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED IULY 2,1917.

1,392,346, Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ggg Elftown/16 H. MCCORNACK.

PULSATING MECHANISM.

` APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2,19I7.

Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

SSHEETS-SHEET 3.

E 'IGI 8 IIIIIII!! H. MCCORNACK.

P ULSATING MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2,1917.

l Patented Oct. 4, 1921.v

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

FIG., IO

H; MCCORNACK.

PULSATING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2.1917.

l Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Vil

FIG. I5

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERBERT MCOORNACK, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGN OR T0 EMPIRE CREAM SEPARATOR COMPANY, v0F BLOOMF-IELD, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oct. 4., 1921.

Application led .Tuly 2, 1917. Serial No. 178,078.

T o all/whom t may concern.

l Be it known that I, HERBERT MCCORNACK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bloomfield, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful -Improvements in P'ulsating Mechanism, of which the following is a specification. l

This invention relates to mechanism actu.- ated by inequalitiesY in fluid pressure for producing a pulsating, intermittent or reclprocating action and particularly to mechanism of this character adapted for use 1n cow milkin machinery.

Among t 1e objects of the present invention are to provide a mechanism of this character which shall be certain and regular in operation, which may be readily adjusted as to rateand character of pulsations produced, which shall be durable, which may be easily taken apart for cleaning or repair and which may be manufactured at a moderate cost. In connection withvcow milking machinery particularly, an attain*- ment of these objects is of the utmost im` portance. Certainty and regularity of op'- eration are necessary in order to avoid the danger of injury to the cow. Durability is also of the highest importa-nce owing to the conditions of use of such machines on farms or dairies, often in remote localities where form of the invention applied thereto. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the expert services for repair and new parts for pulsator mechanism showing the parts vin whatma be referred to as the first position in th similar view showin a second or intermediate position of t e parts. Fig. 4 shows the third or final position of the parts before they return to the position shown in Fig. 2. ig. 5 is a horizontal sectional 'igure 1I lis a e cycleof operation. Fig, 3 is ay view of the mechanism taken on line V-V of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the handle shown in Fig. 1. Fi 7 is a lan view of the adjustable' air inet cap. igs. 8 and 9 are vertical sectional views illustrating a modified construction and showing moving parts at the lower and upper ends of their strokes respectively. Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional view, parts being shown in elevation, illustrating another possible modifica-tion of the invention. Fig. 11 is a vertical sectional view, showing another possible modification. Fig. 12 is a plan view, partly in section'of another modification. Fig. 13 is-a vertical central section ofthe pulsator shown in Fig. 12.

Referring to the drawings in detail and particularly to F ig.- 1, the invention is here shown as applied to a cow milking machine. The numeral 1 designates the milk pail on which fits the tight cover 2. The pulsatory 3 is preferably mounted on the cover. While the inventionmay be employed in connection with systems utilizing a pressure greater than atmospheric, in the present instance the invention is shown as adopted to asystem of the vacuum type. A vacuum main is shown at 4 to which the pulsator is connected by a flexible pipe 5 which is attached to anipple 6 at the end of the suction pipe 7 A branch pipe 8, which also forms the casing of a check valve, leads to an opening in the milk pail cover 2. The lower end of the branch ipe 8 is received within a recess 9 in a bus ing 10, which is'mounted in a hole in the cover, this bushing also formin a valve-'seat 11 for a check valve 12. he check valve is preferably inthe form of a cylindrical rod suitably'shaped at its lower end to engage they valve seat and preferably guided by slidin in an opening in a bushing 13. j The valve eing of the same diameter throughout, is very easy to construct and it may be put in place or removed by simply sliding it through the bushing 13. It is retained in its chamber by the' cap 14.

When suction is applied through the pipe k5, the check valve is raised and the air ex- ,the outer chambers.

which receive the cows teats are connected by means of the branches 18 of the claw or manifold 19, with the milk pipe 20, which discharges through the milk cock 21 directly into the milk pail. It will be seen that as the air is continuously exhausted from theinterior of the milk pail through the branch pipe 8, constant suction will be applied through the pipe 20 to the inner chambers of the teat cups. The outer chambers, or spaces between the inflations 17 and casings 16, are connected through the branches 22 of the claw and the pipe 23 with one of the nipples 24 of the pulsator. Through the action of the pulsator, to be described, conditions of partialvacuum and atmospheric pressures are caused `alternately to exist in lIn the construction illustrated, the pulsator is shown as provided with two nipples 24, so that two sets of teat cups may be operated at one time, but it is obvious that this is not essential. The operations of milking as performed by an apparatus of this character are well understood and need not be discussed in detail. Briefly, it may be stated that the continuous suction in the inner chambers of the cups draws the milk from the teats, while the intermittent suction and atmosphericy pressure in the outer chambers results in the collapsing of the lining so as to compress or massage and relieve the teat, preventing congestion thereof and continuous drain u n or injury to the cow., It is important t at the pulsating action be regular and capable of adjustment. n

Taking up now the pulsator itself, with which the present invention is particularly concerned, this comprises a casing 30, which is provided at its lower end with a flan 31, which rests upon a seat 32 on the mi king machine cover, the flange being secured to the seat in any suitable manner as by means of the screws 33'. In Figs. 1 to 5 the casing is shown as a built-up construction comprislso ing a drawn lmetal shell l34 with a core 35 lforced tightly thereinto. This construction posseses many advantages from a manufacturin point of view as the shells can be readi y and cheapl formed by a press while the cores are easi y produced in an automatic screw machine. Manifestly the casing may bemade in any other suitable way, however, for instance as an integral die-castin as shown at 30l in Figs. 8 and 9 and 30b 1n Fig. 11.y A chamber36 is formed in the lower end of the casing and in this chamber is mounted a flexible diaphragm 37 prefrable and resilient material.

erably formed of spring steel or other du- The j diap hragm is secured in place in any suitable communicatin manner, for instance by having its, margin 38 clamped between the flange 31 and the seat 32, a yielding packing ring 39 being introduced if deslred. The diaphragm is preferably So shaped that the central part arches downwardly, as indicated at 40 in Fig. 2, the diaphragm being shown as inversely cupped, so as to stand above the seat 32, and as being provided with annular corrugations 41, which tend to increase its flexibility and resiliency. Atmospheric pressure is at all times admitted to the space 42 below the diaphragm, channels 43 in the seat 32, being provided for the urpose. The casing 30 is hollow and has in its lower end al screw threaded bore orchamber 45 which receives a correspondingly threaded plug 46. Mounted to reciprocate in a hole 1n this plug is a plun er 47, which is provided with an interme iate flange or shoulder 48 and which is formed above the shoulder into a portion of reduced diameter 49, constituting a valve stem,which extends up through the casing.

Above the bore 45.is a suction chamber 50 into which opens the suction pipe 7 through which the air is continuously exhausted from the chamber. Above the suction chamber is another'chamber 51 into which lead the nipples 24, the passages 52 communicating with these-nipples being preferably arthe chamber 51 and permit free communication to the nipples. It will be seen that `the axes of the passages 52 do not pass through the center of the opening in the casing but to either side thereof. In the top of the casing is a chamber 53 which is open to the atmosphere. There are openings between the chambers 50 and 51 and, 51 and 53, valve seats 54 and 55 being formed around these openings, respectively. A passageway is also provided between the chamber 51 and the chamber 36 above the diaphragm, this assageway being shown as comprising 4a ole 56 extending from the chamber 51 into a ve'rticalbore 57, which is internally screw-threaded at the upper end and reduced inl diameter at the lower end, so as to providek avalve seat 58, the bore at its lower end with the chamber 36. n this bore screws an adjusting screw or needle valve 59 having a coneshaped end 60 adapted to coperate with the seat 58 and wh1ch is bent over at the upper end, as indicated at 61, or otherwise suitably'shaped, so as to be readily turned to adjust the amount of opening between the end 60 and the seat 58. The adjusting screw may advantageously be sprung slightly out of a straight line so as to give it avery ,slightI curvature, which will cause `it to bind in the screw-threaded bore, this ing the va lve.

Communication between the chamber 51 and the suction chamber 50 is controlled by a suction valve slidably mounted on the valve stem 49. This valve is supported in its position on the valve stem and is actuated by a spring 66, which rests on the collar 48. The normal or untensioned length of the spring is such that when the diaphragm and valve stem are in normal position as shown in Fig. 2, the valve 65 will be supported on the upper end of the spring slightly below the seat 54.

Communication between the chamber 51 and the chamber 53 is controlled by an air valve 67 adapted to seat on the valve seat 55 and which is provided with a recess 68 which receives the upper end of the valve stem 49. This 'recess 68 is of such depth that when the valve stem is in the position shown in Fig. 2, a clearance is allowed between the end of the valve stem and the end wall of the recess. A removable cap 69 is preferably fitted in the end of the chamber 53 to prevent the valve 67 from dropping out if the device is inverted, and perforated to permit air to enter the chamber 53. Preferably the construction is such that the rate of flowof air into the chamber may be adjusted so as to modify the s ueezing action of the teat cups, as wil be more fully explained hereafter. The construction shown for this purpose consists in pivoting a perforated valve disk 70 on the top. By turning the disk on the cap the perforations 71 in the disk may be brought into more or less complete registrationv with the perforations 72 in the cap, so as to regulate the size of the openings through which the air may enter.

Considering now the operation of the pulsator, the parts will normally stand in the position indicated in Fig. 2. The diaphragm is formed so as to normally occupy the shape here shown. If the air be now exhausted through the pipe 7 from the chamber 50, it will be seen that owing to the valve 65 being open the air will also be exhausted from the chamber 51, ni ples 24 and the connections .therefrom to tlhe outer chambers of the teat cups. This will cause the teat cup lining 17 to be drawn into the outward or open osition indicated in Fig. 1. The air will a so be exhausted through the passagewa 56, 57 from the space 36- above the diapliragm, the exhaustion of the last-named space taking place gradually owing' to the. small opening between the ,valve 60 and its seat 58. The time required to exhaust the chamber 36 to the necessary degree may be nicely determined by adjust- As a condition of atmospheric pressure exists in the space 41 beneath the diaphragm, it will be seen that the diaphragm will be quickly subjected to unequal pressures on its lower and upper surfaces, the pressure below the diaphragm being the greater. Owing to the stiffness of the diaphragm, however, and to its downwardly arched shape,

it will not immediately yield to this unbal- 70 anced pressure but will maintain its shape until the pressure below it exceeds the pressure above it suiciently to overcome its initial resistance to bendlng. As soon as this resistance has been overcome, however,iit will immediately collapse or reverse its curvature to the full extent of its upward movement. This will be true because the resistance of the diaphragm to flexure is the greatest when it is downwardly arched, as shown in Fig. 2 and decreases as soon as it is forced out of this arched shape. Furthermore, the movement of the diaphragm is comparatively small, so that the sudden slight decrease in the volume of the chamber 36 caused by the upward movement of the diaphragm is not enough to cause the vpressure to build up in this chamber to an extent sufiicient to prevent the full upward ymainder of its range of movement during which the resistance to fiexure is less.

As the diaphragm moves up, it carries with .it the plunger 47 and the valve stem 49. The first effect of this movement is to cause the collar 48 to lift the spring 66 and with it the valve 65 so as to close the latter, as shown in Fig. 3. Owing to the clearance space between the end of the valve stem and the end of the recess in the valve' 67, the valve 65 will close before the valve 67 o ens. The condition shown in Fig. 3, is, owever, but an instantaneous one as the diaphragm passes immediately into its extreme upper position, as shown in Fig. 4. The further upward movement of the plunger and valve stem, which` now takes place, causes the spring 66 to-be compressed, thus holding the Valve 65 firmly against its seat, and the end of the valve stem 1s also brought into engagement with the end of the recess in the valve 67 and so lifts the latter away from its seat. The chamber 51 is now out off from the suction and air rushes in through the holes in the cap 69 and under the valve 67 breaking the vacuum in the chamber 51 and outer chambers of the teat cups. As the suction is still applied to the inner chambers of the teat cups, the linings of the latter are collapsed, having the action other purposes and .it is also exceedingly already referred to. The air admitted to eflicient from the point of view of durabilthe chamber 51 also passes down through the ity which adapts it particularly to use 1n passageway 56, 57 into the space 36, thus situations where it is subjected to steady and equalizing the pressure above and below the continuous faction. The latter result foldiaphragm and permitting the latter to lows from the fact that the movement of spring back to its normal position shown in the various parts is slight and from the fur- Fig. 2; This will, of course, permit the ther fact that the valves seat and unseat by plunger and valve stem to return to the a movement toward and from their seats position of Fig. 2, under the influence of instead of by a sliding movementy as 1n gravity and of the spring 66, which will permost prior milking machine pulsator valves. mit the valve 65 to open and the valve 67 The chief advantage in the principle of to close and the operation above described operation referred to resides in the fact to be repeated. Thus acontinuous pulsating that the suction of valve 65 closes beor reciprocating movement of the plun er fore the air inlet valve 67 opens and vice and valve stem is producedy and a regu ar versa, so that there is never a continuous pulsation of ressure in the teat cups is esopen passage from the atmosphere to the tablislied. T e operations will continue as suction chamber or source of vacuum. In

' teat cup linin long as suction is applied and the rate at this way, no direct leakage of air can take which the pulsations will take yplace may be place tending to reduce the vacuum and adjusted through a wide range by simply throwing an additional burden on the vacturning the screw 59 to open or close more uum producing instrumentalities. or less the passageway leading to the cham- While the embodiment of the invention ber 36. above described is the one which I now pre- AThe action of the construction described fer as the simplest and most efficient for the is particularly well adapted to the requilepurpose for which it is intended, my invenments of a milking machine pulsator as the tion is not limited thereto but the principle operation of the valve is practically instanthereof may be carried out in various ways. taneous and no `time is wasted in the change In Fi 8 `and 9, for instance, I have illusfrom the condition of suction or release. of trate a modification of the invention in external pressure in the teat cup in which which I employ a. iston reciprocating in a thernilk is drawnfrom the teat and the conlc linder in place o? the flexible diaphragm. dition of pressure or squeeze upon the teat. Iii accordance with this construction, the This permits both of these periods to be of pulsator casing 30 is formed at its lower the reatest possible duration in proportion end into a" cylinder 80 in which reciproto t e number of pulsations per minute, cates a iston 81 aflixed to an extension 82 which makes for efficiency and permits the of the p unger 47. Atmospheric pressure is maximum rate of flow of milk -to be obat all times admitted through afport 43 to tained while providing adequate relief to the space below the piston. Opening into the teats and so avoiding injury to the cow. the It is most always desirable to have the re- 56, 57 controlled by an ad'usting screw 59, lease 0f the Squeeze 11P0I1, the teat as quick as above described. The pulsator casing conas possible as no advantage is gained by re-/tains the valves 65' and 67 and associated lieving. the pressure graduall In 'some parts which o erate in the same manner as cases, however, itis not desira le to apply the corres on ing parts shown in Figs. 2, pressure to the teat too quickl and the con- 3 and 4. he piston is caused to move u struction described provides or the adj'ustward when the air is exhausted from 't e ment of ythe rate of pressure, whereby the cylinder through the passage 56, 57 and is compression may be made as gradual as is returned to its lower position by a spring desired. This is accomplished by adjusting 83 when the pressure is equalized by the enthe disk on the cap 69 so as to artl trance of air through the opened valve 67. close the air inlets. As has been exp aine In orderto prevent the fpiston from starting the squeeze caused by the collapsing -offthev Yupwardly before the air has been suflicientl. is produced by admittin air exhausted from above it, means are provide at atmos heric pressure to the outer c amfor interposing an initial resistance to its bers of t e teat cups, while the suction conmovement, corresponding with the resistance tinues to be applied to the inner chambers. provided by the resilient diaphragm in the As the air admitted for this urpose enters vfirst form of the invention. In the conthrough the holes in the cap, t e retardation struction illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, this of this air supply will evidently make the resistance is rovided bymeans of balls 84 squeeze gradua mounted in c ambers 85 in the cylinder wall cylinder above the piston is a passage The puppet valve construction set forth and urged against the piston by springs 86.

eration' over` prior constructions employed 87 w receive the balls when the iston .is asmilking machine pulsator valves or for in its initial or lowest position, ass ownin `possesses certain advantages in mode of op- The iston' is rovided with shallow recesses y Fig. 8. The balls keepv the piston from mov-A may be employed in connection with an op-l erating or reciprocating device of a different character, from those above described. For purposes of illustration, I haveshown these valves as applied to a vacuum operated reciprocating mechanism of the character shown in the patent of Macartney, No. 1,270,429, June `25, 1918,. for pulsator for milking machines. This reciprocalting mechanism is really nothing but a simplel form of vacuum motor and comprises briey.

a piston VY90, working in a cylinder 91 and having a piston rod 92 which actuates the,

valve stem 49 carrying the valves 65 'and' 67. A passageway 93, shown in dotted lines, leads from a port 94 in the lower part of the c linder to a port 95 in a valve seat on the slderof the casing. Another passageway 96 leads from the upper end of the cylinder to a second port 97 in the valve seat. A third passage 98 leads from the passage 57, which 1s connected by a passage 56* to the suction chamber 50, this passage 98 terminating in a third port 99 in the valve seatlocatedbetween the ports 95 and 97. The port 99 is thus constantly in communication with the source of vacuum. An oscillating valve 100v is pivotedat 101, so as to slide back and forth over the valve seat and is provided in its inner face with a recess (not shown)y of the form described in said Macartney patent, which is arranged to place the port 99' alternately in communication with the ports 95 and 97, that one of thel last-named ports which at lany time is not in communication with th`e port 99 being open to thev atmosphere. In the position of the parts shown in Fig- 9, the valve l100 is covering the ports 95 and 99so as to establlsh communication between them, while the port 97 is open to the atmosphere. The effect of this is to exhaust the air through the passage 98, port 99, recess in the valve, port 95 and passage 93 from below the plston while air at atmospheric pressure enters the 'port 97 and passes through the passage 96` vinto the cylinder above the piston. In other words, with the parts in the position shown, the piston is about to start `on its downward movement. f

In order to reverse the position of the valve 100 so as to cause the iston to reciprocate, movement is transmitted from the ywill swing the plun piston rod 92 to thevalve by means of a pin 102 which is mounted in the rod and rojects through a slot in the wall of the casing, the end of this lever 104. he latter is o ratively connected with the valve 100 llie means of a plunger 105 pivoted to the va ve at 106 and ythe outer end vof which extends through a hole ln'the lever. A spring 107 is mounted v y7&5

on this plunger and transmits a yieldin pressure from the lever to the lunger an valve. A link 108 pivoted to tiie casing at 109 is swungback and forth through a small angle about its pivot by the action of the pm 102 -in a cam slot 110 in the upper part of the link: The link `is provided with a notch 11 1, whlch is adapted to engage alternately with the projections 112 on the valve 100, so as to lock the latter against'movement until the proper time.l When the piston moves in working in a slot -103 in a down, it will be seen that the pin 102 also moves down carrying with it the lever 104- and the outer 4end of the lunger 105. This r a out the pivot 106 untlllt passesy the ead center, whereupon late the valve 100 upwardl thereby connectingv the port' 97 with t e port 99 and Athe-spring 107 will cause the plunger to oscill openingv the port to the atmosphere. This will reverse conditions in the cylinder and' cause the piston to move upwardly. A re-y eiprocating movement will thus be roduced as descrlbed in the application of arcartney above referred to and this reciprocating` movement will actuate the valves 65 and 67,

cups .or whatever else is'connected to the nipples 24. Obviously the valves 65 and 67 can be reciprocated by the use of any other appro riate mechanism.

In ig.' 11, I have shown another construction embodying certain features of my invention in modified form and illustrating the applicability of the invention to the production of a reciprocatory movement which may be utilized externally of the pulsating device itself. AS here illustrated, the pulsator casing 30b is without any connection to external passages in which vacuum and pressure are to be pulsated. y The device is shown as provided withl the diaphragm 37 which actuates the plunger 47, the latter carrying a modified form of valve stem 49, the upper part of which is reduced in .diameter as indicated at 120, so as to provide a shoulder 121 above the valve 65. A valve 67 is employed which performs the functions ofthe valve 67` heretofore described but which has an openingv extending entirely through it, through which the reduced portion 120 of the valve stem projects. The valve 67a is lifted from its seat by. the engagementl of the shoulder 121 with its underside. No nipples 24 or other connections from the chamber 51 to any external source are pro- 100 sofas to cause a pulsated pressure in the teat ciprocating movement of the valve stem extension 120 will thus beproduced, which may be ein loyed flor any desired purpose.

In lgs. 12 and 13, I have shown another modilication of my invention illustratin a construction in which the suction is applied alternately u on opposite sides of the diaphra so t at the latter is forcibly propelle first in one direction and then in the other by the pressure difference upon the op site faces thereof. In'accordance with this construction, it is not necessa to rely upon the use of springs or the resi iency of the diaphragm to move the same in one direction. The construction illustrated also provides for the o eration of two sets of teat cups or pairs o -teat cups of a single set, alternately. As shown two ulsator casings 30 are arranl d end toen ,clamping between them t e diaphragm 37. Each of the casings contains chambers and passages arranged substantially as in the construction shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. v Each of the cas-1 ings alsocontains a pair of valves 65 and 67 mounted on a valve stem 49 carried by a lun r 47. The two plun ers 47 are of such engtli5 andso arranged t at they normally bear at all times against opposite sides of the diaphragm. The two suction chambers 50 are connected to the vacuum pipe by means of a Y-connection 122. Each of the chambers 51 is connected bymeans ofv passages 56 and 57 with the base chamber 36 at one side of the diaphragm and openin into each chamber 51 is a nip le 24. 'Iie pulsator casings are illustrated) as mounted in horizontal position uponv supports 123 lon the milk pail cover 2. In operation, the parts being in the position shown in Fig. 13, the air will be exhausted from the chamber 50 of the left-hand pulsator and as the left-y hand valve is open, the air will be exhausted from the left-hand chamber 51 and through the nipple 24 from the outer chambers of ,the teat cups connectedwith said nip le the air also being exhausted from the aft-hand chamber 36, through the passages 56, 57. Atthe Sametime, it will be seen that in the right-hand` pulsator the valve 65 is closed and thefvalve 67 opened. The air is thus admitted to the right-hand chamber 51 and to the outer chambers of the teat cups connected with the right-hand nipvple- 24 so that theteatsin those teat'cups are subjected to pressure. The air'is also 'permitted to pass through-'thepassages .56,

sponding chamber 36. When this condition has existed for aV suflicient length of time depending upon the adjustment of the screws 59, so that the pressure difference between the two chambers'36 has become suilicient to overcome\tlie resistance to movement of the diaphragm, the diaphra will be forced over to its opposite position thereb reversing the condition of the va ves. ith'this construction a diaphragm is preferabl employed which is so formed that it wil .tend to occupy either one of two positions of deformation, one of which is illustrated in Fig. 13. Upon .sufficient pressure being applied to the diaphragm, it will spring over 'from right to left and occupy a second position of reverse curvature from the first. By connecting wo sets of teat cups to the two nipples -24, it will be seen that the pulsations will occur alternately in the two sets instead of simultaneously as in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4, so that the work will bemore or less equalized and the effort reuniform.V

, In-Figs. land 6, I have shown a handlel construction adapted to be yattached to a milking machine pulsator, which is strong, f attractive in appearance and at the same time exceedingly simple and inexpensive to manufacture. gle strip of sheetnetal 125, which is formed is handle comprises asinbv suitable dies, so as to provide a concave hand grip portion 126. Hooks '127 also preferably formed of sheet metal and welded or otherwisev suitably attached to the ends of the handle, are provided .for supporting the l claws and teat cups when not inuse.

From the fore oing description of certain preferred embo iments of my invention,:

which I have ,chosen to illustrate the principles thereof and the best mode Anow known to m/e of ractising the invention, it will be seen that have invented certain novell principles of construction and operation, which may be usefully embodied in a great variety vof structures. It will also be apparent that when expedient, some of the featuresof the invention may be used without others. I therefore donot wish to be understood as limiting myself to the particular examplesI of the invention set forth, as various changes and'modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims, without ldeparting from the spirit and scope ofthe invention.

Having thus described, my invention I cla-im:

1.' In vacuum operated pulsator mechanism, the combination-oa valve for controllingthe action of the vacuum and means operated b an unbalanced pressure condition produce by the vacuum for actuating said valve, said means having an initial resistance to movement greater than its resistance to continued movement after such initial resistance has been overcome.

2. In a fluid pressureoperated pulsator, the combination of valve means for controlling the operating fluid, and means actuated by pressure difference for movinsaid valve means, said actuating means eing constructed to resist without substantial movement any pressure diiference less than a pressure difference suflicient to complete the movement of the valve means. v

3. In a pulsator, the combination of a diaphragm movable by atmospheric pressure acting upon one side thereof when av predetermined degree of vacuum has been produced on the other side of said diaphragm, said diaphragm normally remaining stationary until such degree of vacuum is reached, and valve means operated by the movement of said diaphragm for controlling the application of the vacuum to the diaphragm.

4. In a pulsator, the combination of a casing having a motor chamber ther'einf-ahlluid pressure operated valve actuatin diaphragm in said chamber, said casingi ving a second chamber therein, valve means actu-,

. the connect1on of sa1d second chamber w1th a.

ated by said diaphragm for controll' source of vacuum and with the atmosphere respectively, and a fluid pressure connection between said second chamber and said motor chamber.

5. In mechanism of the. character described, the combination of a casing, a movable pressure responsive element therein having an initial' resistance to movement greater than its resistance to continued movement after said initial resistance has Ibeen overcome, means for admitting atmospheric pressure to said casing at one side of said element, a source of vacuum, a connection from the the source of vacuum to a space in said casing on the other side of said element and valve means actuated by the movement of said element for connecting said space alternately with the source of vacuum and with` the atmosphere;

6. In fluid operated pulsator mechanism; the combination of valve means for 'controlling the operating {'luidand means for moving said valve means including a flexible resilient metal diaphragm. y

7. In fluid operated pulsator mechanism, the combination of valve means for controlling the operating fluid and means for moving said valve means including a flexible resilient metal diaphragm having an initial conformation convex to the direction of application of the operating ressurre.

8. In mechanism of t e character described, the combination of a casing having a diaphragm chamber therein, a resilient movements of said diaphragm for controlling the connections between said inlet chamber and said suction chamber and between said inlet chamber and the atmosphere.

9. In a pulsator, the combination of a casing having a diaphragm chamber therein, a

` iiexible diaphragm in said chamber, said casing vhaving a second chamber, valves for controlling the connection of said second cham-` ber alternately with the atmosphere and with a s ource of-vacuum, an operative connection from said diaphragm to said valves for operating the latter, means providmg a openairainlet for. admitting air at atmosphere. pressure to the diaphragm chamber at one side of the diaphragm, a fluid connection from the diaphragm chamber at the other side of the diaphragm to said second chamber, and an adjusting valve for controlling the passage of fluid through said l last-named connection.

10. In a milking machiney pulsator, the

vcombination of a casing containing a diav for controlling the connectionbetween the suction and inlet chambers, a valve for controlling the connection between the inlet andI air chambers, and means operated by the movements of saidu flexible diaphragm for actuating said valves to connect said inlet chamber alternately with said suction chamber and said air chamber.

' 1 1. In amilking machine,the combination of double chambered teat cups, means for connecting the inner chambers of the ycups with ia source of vacuum, and means for pulsating a vacuum and atmospheric pressure al,- ternately in the outer chambers of the cups, said last-named means including puppet valves and fluid operated actuating means therefor, said pup et valves also controlling the action of t e uid on said fluid operated valve actuatin means.

12. In a .mi king machine, the combina-4 tion of double chambered teat cups, means for creating a suction in the inner chambers of the cups and means for producing alternate pulsations of. suction and pressure in the outer chambers of the cups, said lasttion of double chambered teat cups, means ports opening into said pulsation chamber,

for exhausting the air from the inner chambers of the cups, a pulsator -for controlling thev exhaust from or admission of air to the outer chambers of the cups, said pulsator having an air inlet port, and means for controlling the port openin so as to determine the rate at which air all be adm-itted to the outer chambers of the teat cups for applyin the squeeze to the teats.

14. n a pulsator, the combination of two valve seats, valves adapted to seat on said rse'atsand a movable actuating element for both of said valves, said element havin a yielding connection with one valve an a lost-motion connection with the other valve. V15. In a pulsator, thecmbination of a pair of oppositely facin valve seats, a valve Stem, a puppet valve sldin ly mounted on said valve stem and adap of said seats,a spring carried by said valve Stem and .engaging said valve, 'a second puppet valve adapted to 'seat on the second of said valve seats, and an abutment on said valve stem for engaging said second valvey and lifting it from its seat.

16. In a vacuum operated milking machine pulsator, the combination oa-casi having a pulsationv chamber therein an a nipple for the attachment of a pulsaton pipe opening into said pulsation chamber, puppet valves for closing said ports,'.and

' means -for alternately opening and closing said valves, said means acting to close the open valve before opening the closed valve,

whereby both of said valves are never simul.

taneously open.

17. In a pulsator, the combination of a casing having a suction chamber therein, an

inlet chamber openinginto said suctionl chamber, and an air' chamber opening'into said inlet chamber, valve seats surrounding the openings between the suction chamber and inlet chamber, and inlet chamber and air chamber, respectively, a valve stem extending through said chambers, a valve slidably mounted on said Stem and adapted to to seat on one seat against the seat between said suction chamber and inlet chamber, a spring carried by said valve stem and adapted to engage said valve and move it against its seat, a valve' adapted to close upon the seat be- 70 tical bore,- a diaphragm mounted in said chamber and clamped between said casing and said support, a plunger mounted in said casing carrying a valve stem extending into sa1d bore, the lower end of said plunger yengagmg said dlaphragm, a valve seat dividing sa1d bore into a suction chamber and an 85 inlet chamber, a second valve seat at the upper end of said inlet chamber, puppet valves mounted on said valve stem adaptedv to engage said seats, and a fluid connection l between said inlet chamber and said diaphragm chamber.

19. In a pulsator, the combination ofk a casing havingr a chamber in the lower part thereof, and a vertical bore, a diaphragm.v

mounted transverselyf of said chamber2 a 95 plunger mounted in the`,casing and having a valve stem extending upwardly through said bore, the lower end of said plunger engaging said diaphragm, said bore having a pair ofvalve seats the-rein dividing the same into a suction chamber, an inlet chamber and an air chamber, a puppet valve slidingly mounted on'said valve stem and adapt-` ed to seat vupwardly against the lower of .said valve seats,.aspr1ng carried by said 105y .plunger for supporting said puppet valve,

a second puppet valve slidingly mounted on said valve stem and adapted ltorseat downwardly on the upper of said valve seats, an

abutment 'on said valve stem adapted to en- 110 gage said upper puppet valve and lift the same from lts seat,*and a fluid connection between said inlet chamber and said diaphragm chamber. I

20. La milking machine, the combination 116 of a pail lid, apulsator thereon, a vacuum pipe connected to said pulsaton a. check valve housing constituting a connection from the vacuum pipe to an openi in the lid, and a check valve mounted in said hous- 120 ing, said check valve being removable without removal of the vacuum pipe or check valve housin 21. In a milking machine, the combination `of La pail lid, a pulsator mounted thereon, a 12I housing, and a check valve slidably mounted 1s in said bushing and adapted to be inserted into or removed from its housing by longitudinal movement through said bushing.

22.- In a milking machine, the combination of a pail lid, a pulsator mounted thereon, a vacuum pipe connected with said pulsator, a branch connected with said vacuum pipe and extending from the'same to the pail lid, a bushing mounted in said vacuu'ln pipe opposite to the opening in said branch pipe, a check valve seat in the lid at the lower end of said branch pipe, and a check valve slidingly mounted 1n said bushing and adapted to seat on said valve seat.

23. In a milking machine, the combination of a pail lid, a pulsator mounted thereon, said pail lid havlng an opening through it, a bus ing mounted in said openin and having a port therethrough surrounde by a valve seat and having a recess in its upper side around said valve seat, a horizontally disposed vacuum pipe projecting from said pulsator above said pail 11d, a branch pipe connected to said vacuum pipe and extending substantially at right angles tothe same toward said pail lid, the end of said branch pipe being received in the recess in the bushing in the pail lid, and a vertically movable check valve within said branch pipe adapted to seat on the valve seat in said bushing.

24. In a milkin machine, the combination of a pail lidiaving a seat for a pulsator thereon and a seat for a check valve housing, a ulsator having a suction pipe rojecting t erefrom carrymg a check valve ousing, and means for securing said pulsator to its seat on the pail lid, the lower end of said check valve housing being held in engagement with its seat by reason of its connection with thesuction pipe and the pulsator.

25. In a milking machine, the combination of a pail lid, a bushing therein having a seat for a check valve housing and a seat for the check valve, a pulsator mounted on thepail lid, a suction pipe projecting from the pulsator, a check valve housing carried by the suction pipe and adapted to seat at its lower end on its seat in the pail lid bushing, a check valve in said housing adapted to seat on the check valve seat in the pail lid bushing, an opening in the suction pipe opposite to the check valve housing through which the check lvalve may be inserted/or removed without disturbing the suction pipe or checkv valve housing, and means for closing said opening.

'26. In a milking machine, the combination of a milk pail and ar lid thereon having a seat on top thereof, a pulsator casing secured to said seat, a flexible metal diaphragm clamped between the lower end of said casing and said seat, said casing having a chamber in the lower end thereof in which said diaphragm is contained, and having a suction chamber, an inlet chamber and an air chamber therein, said inlet chamber being connected with said suction chamber and said air chamber, a nipple connected with said inlet chamber, an adjustable air inlet for admitting atmospheric air to said air chamber, a passage-way connecting said iny let chamber with the chamber in the base of said casing above the diaphragm, a valve for controlling the passage of fluid through said passage-way, a vertically movable plunger mounted in said casing and ada ted to rest upon and be operated by sald diaphragm, a valve stem carried by said pluner, valves on said valve stem for controlling t e openings between said inlet chamber and said suction chamber and air chamber respectively, a vacuum ipe connected to said suction chamber, a ranch connecting said vacuum pipe with the interior of the milk pail and a check valve in said branch.

27. In a fluid pressure operated ulsator the combination of valve means or controlling the operating fluid and means for moving said valve means including a flexible resilient diaphragm of suiicient stiffness to normally maintaln a given initial conformation and to return to such conformation after i'lexure.

28. In vacuum operated pulsator mechanism the combination of valve means for controlling the action of the vacuum, means forming a chamber adapted to be intermittently connected with the source of vacuum, a valve actuating motor yelement in said chamber having an initial resistance to movement and adapted to be moved by a predetermined pressure difference produced' by the exhaustion of said chamber, the volume of said chamber being sufficient as comparedwith the movement of Said motor element to permit the latter to move to the limit of its stroke without restoring the pressure equilibrium thereon when the movement of said element is once initiated by the attainment of the predetermined pressure difference.

29. In a Huid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of valve means for controlling the operating fluid and actuating devices therefor, capable of actuation in one direction by a pressure difference, said actuating devices being constructed to provide an initial resistance to movement in said direction greater than the resistance to movement after such initial resistance has been overcome and to return to initial positition upon the decrease of the pressure' difference. f

30. In a fluid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of valve means for controlling the operating fluid, an actuating diaphragml therefor and means for creating an unbalanced pressure condition upon opposite sides of said diaphragm prior to the movement thereof suiicient to complete the movement of the diaphragm when such movement is once initiated, said diaphragm having a tendency to resume its initial position as soon as said unbalanced pressure condition is destroyed.

31. In a fluid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of valve means for controlling the operating fluid, and means actuated by pressure differences for controlling the operation of said valve means, said actuating means being constructed to resist movement until a predetermined pressure diiference is attained and then to move instantly from one of its operative positions to the other thereof. v

32. In a fluid pressure o rated pulsator,

- the combination of a resi ient disphragm normally flexed in one direction an adapted to be flexed in the opposite direction when the pressure upon the opposite sides thereof is unbalanced, and valve means adapted to be actuated by said diaphragm only upon reversal of the flexure thereo 33. In a fluid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of a motor element, a valve stem adapted to be actauated thereby, and lift valves carried by said valve stem, said stein havin a yielding connection with one of said va -ves and having a non-yielding lost motion connection with the other of said valves.

34. In a fluidpressure operated pulsator the combination of a motor element, two valve seats, lift valves adapted to seat on said seats an'd a valve stem adapted to be actuated by said motor element, said valve stem passing throu h an openin in one of said valves and aving a yiel ing connection therewith and havin a lost motion connection with the other va ve.

35. In a pulsator, the combination of an actuating diaphragm, a valve stem adapted to be actuated thereby, and a pluralityof puppet yvalves carrie y saidv valve stem, one of said valves having a yielding connection with said valve stem and the other of said valves havin a. nonielding lost motion connection wit said va ve stem.

36. A milking machine pulsator, including a casing having an air inlet chamber therein, a perforated cover for said inlet chamber, a pulsation chamber in said casing, a nipple for the attachment of a pulsation pipe opening into said ulsation chamber, a ort between the air inlet chamber and pu sation chamber, a valve seat around said port, said casing also having a suction chamer therein, a port between said pulsation and suction chambers, a valve seat around said port, puppet valves adapted to seat on said respective valve seats, and motor means within said casing for alternately opening and closing said valves.

37. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a pulsation. chamber therein, a port for admitting air'to said pulsation chamber, a puppet valve for governin the admission of air to said chamber throu said port, said valve having a recess therein, a valve stem fitting loosely in said recess, and means for reci rocating said valve stem to actuate said va ve so as to alternately open and close said port.

38. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having an air inlet chamber therein, and a pulsation chamber below said inlet chamber, a nipple for the attachment of a pulsation pipe opning into said pulsation chamber, a port tween said air chamber and ulsation chamber, the bottom of the air et chamber around said port forming a substantially horizontal valve seat, a cap-like puppet valve adapted to seat on said valve seat and having a recess'in its underside, a substantially verticall mounted valve stem, the upper end of w ich projects into said recess, and motor means for reciprocating said valve stem to actuate said valve so as to cause the valve to alternately be lifted from or permitted to seat upon said valve seat.

39. A milking machine pulsator including a casing, having a pulsation chamber therein and a suction chamber below said pulsation chamber, said casing having a port therein connecting said suction and ulsation chambers, a puppet valve for c osing said port, a substantially vertical valve stem upon which said valve is mounted and motor means for reciprocating said valve stem to cause said valve to alternately open and close said port.

40. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a motor chamber therein, a motor element in said chamber, a pulsation chamber formed in said casing, said casing having a port opening into said pulsation chamber, a puppet valve for closing said port, and a reciprocating valve stem for actuating said valve, said stem extending into the motor chamber and ada ted to' be reci rocated byl engagement wit i said motor e ement.

41. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a motor chamber thereinz a motor member movable in said casing, said casing having a suction chamber therein above said motor chamber, and having a pilsation chamber above saidsuction chamr and having a port connectin said suction and pulsation chambers, a su ntially vertical valve stem mounted for up and down reciprocation and having its lower end extending into said motor chamber, said valve 'stem extending upwardly through said suction chamber and said port, and a puppet valve carried by said stem and adapted to be actuated by the movement thereof, so as to alternately open and close said port.

42. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a pulsation chamber therein, a Wall of said chamber having a port openin therein and being formed to provide a su stantially horizontal valve seat, a puppet valve ada ted to seat against said seat, a substantially vertical valve stem loosely engaging said valve for actuating the same, and means for reciprocating said valve stem.

4:3. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a pulsation chamber .therein, the 'casing wall above said chamber havlng an inlet port opening into said chamber and providing a substantially horizontal valve seat surrounding the upper end of saidlport, a puppet valve having an annular portion adapted to seat on said valve seat, and having a central boss having a' recess opening from the underside thereof, and a vertical reciprocable valve stem, the upper end of which is adapted to be loosely received in said rece, whereby when said valve stem is raised, it will lift said valve from its seat, and when lowered will permit said valve to firmly close upon its seat.

HERBERT MCCORNACK.

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