US1391316A - Construction of walls of preformed units - Google Patents

Description

H. R. HADFIELD..

CONSTRUCTION og wAYLLsfoF PRETORMEDy UNITS.

' AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA o. 4 1,39,3'1;6. Patentedsgpt. 20,1921.

. 2 EEEEEEEEEEEE 2.

20 pre-cast, and which does not UNi'rED STATES- PAr-ENT foi-rica f mien n.' HADFIELD, or AKRON, omo.

CONSTRUCTION vOF WALLS F PBEFOR-HEI) UNITS.

.application nien January 27, 1920. serial No. 354,497.

To all whom t may (fo/fiamma:l

Be it known that I, HUGH R. HADFIELD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Akron, county o'f Summit, and vState of Ohio, have invented a new Vand useful Immode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it y from other inventions.

The object of m invention is a method of concrete construction Jfor buildings by which i5 a frame-work of re-cast units consisting of all necessary stu s, sills, joists, rafters and plates, is first erected and which is complete in itself, self-supporting and self-sustaining, all units or members of which have been require the casting or forming oli any member or unit during the period of construction or erection, and any or all of the units or members bein provided with means for attaching suita le units of other form, or of similar or dissimilar material for the sole purpose of closing up the aperture between the various members of the frame-work, all with the purpose of completing a building forwhatever purpose required.

rThe further object is to provide a means oil2 erecting a concrete building without having to resort to mechanical means for spacing the various members which have been pre-cast, and without having to cast any member whatever during the course oi'' the erection of the building.

The further object of my invention is to so pre-cast all members of the building in l a0 such manner as to reduce thework of erecting the building to a mere matter of assembling, and all spacing is pre-determined by the design of the member or unit when cast. M invention accomplishes the purpose without. the use of wires, extra reinforcing rods, etc., to hold the various members together. Neither is it necessary in using my invention to use any member which has been pre-cast as a mold or form in which to cast some other part or member which is intended to contribute toward holding u the buildin which has already been erected).

The urther object is to provide a means of sustaining the weight of those units or tile which serve the purpose of closing up the apertures between the frame-workmembers. This is accomplished by providing.

projecting faces at the proper places on the faces of the studs, by means of which the tile is 'supported on the top edge of each projection, and the ends of that tile are secured to the side edges of similar projections on the faces of adjacent studs. Thus, any tile maybe placed in the wall in any space, without regard to the other tiles or spaces, the entire weight of the tile being carried by the stud face projection. Simi-l larly, any tile may be removed from the wall `without disturbin the security of other tiles in the wall. In al other methods now known to the art and in which tiles are used for closing up apertures, the bottom courses rest upon the foundation, and all other courses rest upon the lower courses of tiles. Hence, it is clear why LI .have provided projecting faces on my studs and rafters, each one to carry the weight of one tile.

The annexed drawings and the following I description set forth in detail certain mechanisrn embodying the invention, such disclosed means constitutin however, but one of various mechanical principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings Figure l is an elevation, partly in section, of a wall embodying thepresent construction; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2--2, Figi; Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3, Fig. l ;4 Fig. fi is a top plan view of the wall showing the beam construction; Fig. 5 is an elevational 4view of a modified forni of construction; Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6, Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a broken side elevation of another modified form of construction; Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line 88, Fig. 7 Fig. 9 isa perspective view showing method of assembling wall; Fig. 10 is a respective view of sill and wall with parts in section; Fig. 1l is a perspective View of a tile; Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 are horizontal sections through the several types of studs.

As illustrated, only a partial section of a wall is shown, the wall resting on a suitable beam or sill l, which will be fastened or placed on topiof the foundation, and will form the sill for the wall itself. Spaced at regular intervals along this beam will be suitable studs or uprights 2 which will be connected at the top by a similar beam or sill 3, as best shown in Fig. 3. In the first form shown, 'these studs are of general I- Specication of Letterslatent. i Patented Sept. 20,'1921. y

orms in which the portions are throughout tlelr length. The projections' beam structure, provided along their frontl and rear faces with 'alternating projecting and depressed areas 3 and 4, the rojecting areas 3 being of less width than tlie faces 5 of the studs so as to form shoulders 6 against which tiles 7 may be placed. The sides 8 and the top and bottom of these projecting provided with grooves 9 on adjacent studs alternate and the projections are also preferabl placed alternately on the two sides of eac stud, the enlarged sections shown in Figs. 12 and 13 indicating two adjacent studs cut by the same horizontal plane.

The top and bottom beams are also provided with alternate projections 10 corresponding to the projecting portions of the studs so as to form a continuous projection running from the bottom to the top of the finished wall, and allowing the tiles to be laid flush with the face of the projections and to cover the side surfaces of the beams Vboth at the top and at the bottom.

In Figs. 5 and 6 a modified form of construction is shown, in which the faces 12 of the studs 13 are all in the same plane, and

are provided throughout their entire len h with a projecting portion 14 forming shoulders 15 with the faces 12 of the studs so that the tiles fit between adjacent studs, and do not overla as shown in the first form. Studs for thls form of wall are shown in section in Fig. 4, and in this form only half as many studs are used' as the tiles do not overlap, and this is therefore a cheaper 'construction although, of course, neither as heavy nor as strong as the first form.

" Another modification of a wall is shown in 7 and 8, in which the Istuds 20 areprovi ed on oneface with-the projections 21 as shown in the first form, While the intermediate studs 23 have no projections :at the point where the section is taken, and the other faces of both studs 2O and 23 are cut off as at 22 so as to-have no projections at all, thus leaving a wall, when the tiles are in place, with merely the studs and tiles on one side of the wall., In this type the studs are placed like those inthe rst form, that is, at intervals equal to one-half the length of a. tile, -the sections of studs 21 and 23 being shown enlarged in Figs. 13 and 15.

In forming a wall of'this character, the

r9 in the pro'ecting portions of the studs and between the two corner uprights a very thin groutingis poured between the grooved ends of the tiles, and this grouting will follow the course shown in Fig. 1 in section, running down between the grooved ends of two adjacent tiles, and then along the horizontal edges of the tiles and projections andin the grooves between the tiles and the studs. An# other row of tiles is then laid and the grouting process is continued until the wall is finished. As shown, it will be seen that the tiles 7 are merely thin slabs which are pro- 'vided with grooves 30 in their peripheries which will be in alinement with the grooves beams, so t at when the tiles are in place it leaves a cylindrical opening between the adjacent edges of each two tiles and the adjacent edges of the tiles and studs and beams, so that the grouting, when set, forms a tie 31 to secure the tiles to the studs and beams, as well as securing the adjacent edges of tiles to ether.

n the form shown in Fig. 1, the tiles are set with broken joints, the studs being set a distance apart ual to half the length of a tile, while in theeform shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the studs are set a art a distancev equal tov the length of the ti e, the tiles in thls construction meeting only along their horizontal 95 edges and being held between two studs along their vertical edges. .Either of these constructions can be used in forming a single wall such as is shown in Figs. 7 and 8, although ythe wall is here shown as being prmed with broken joints like the wall in It will be seen that the present wall can be made up of preformed or precast units, the beams, studs and tiles being factory made, and merely set up in place where the buildingA or wall is to be constructed. Thefwall is either a double Wall with air spaces running the entire height, or, as shown 1n Figs. 7 and 8, ma be formed of the studs with merely the tiles on one face, and this wall may be finished on the other side in any desired manner, either by being bricked up or using any ordinary tile or stone construction, or provision may be made for walling itup with lumber, in which case suitable wooden strips would merely have to be affixed to the faces of the studs. `The width of the wall will ordinarily be set, but beams and studs of sever'al widths may be made up, thus allow- 120 ing great latitude in making walls of any Sulta le width.4 Each tile (is secured to the tile above and below, as well as to the studs at its ends and to the intermediate stud, or lto two studs in certain forms of the con- 126 struction. The beams or sills will be tied to the tiles and to the studs as shown in Fig. 10, making an extremely rigid wall and yet one which can be readily assembled -on the is of course to be understood that the same construction is equally applicable to forming roofs, floors and ceihngs, in which case the studs would act as the necessary supporting beams or rafters.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1.'A wall construction comprising studs having projections making shoulders with thefaces of the studs and tiles adapted to 'fit against the faces of said studs and the sides of such projections, the sides of such projections and said tiles being provided with alined grooves adapted to receive a grouting to tie said Studs and tiles together.

2. A wall construction comprising studs spaced at regular intervals, said studs having projections making shoulders with the faces of said stubs, the sides of said projections being provided with grooves, and tiles having groovededges, said tiles being of a thickness to be laid flush with the face of said studs `to form a smooth outer'surface in the same plane as such projections, such grooves in said tiles being in alinement with the grooves in such projections and being adapted to receive a grouting to tie said studs and tiles together.

3. A wall construction comprising studs spaced at regular intervals, sald studs having projections making shoulders with the faces of said studs, the edges of said projections being provided with grooves, and tiles having grooved edges, said tiles being of a thickness to be laid flush with the face of said'studs to form a smooth outer surface in the same Y lane as such projections, suchl grooves in said tiles being i-n alinement with each other and in alinement with the grooves in'said projections and being adapted to receive a grouting to tie said tiles to each other and to said studs.

4. A vwall construction comprising studs having` faces provided with a series of spaced projections of less width than the faces of saidl studs .and forming shoulders therewith, the edges of said projections having grooves, and tiles having grooved edges, the grooves being adapted to be alined with the grooves in said projections, said tiles being adapted to be placed against the faces of said studs and the sides of said projections to form a `flush surface, the alined grooves between tiles and tiles and studs being adapted to receive grouting to tie said tiles to each other and to said studs.

5. A wall construction comprising studs having faces provided with a series of spaced projections of less width than the faces of said studs and forming shoulders therewith, the edges of said projections having grooves, the projections being equal to the height of a tile and being staggered relative t0 each other on adjacent studs, and tiles having grooved edges, the grooves being adapted to be in alinement with the grooves in said projections, said tiles being adapted to fit between projections on alternate studs and to-lit against the face of the intermediate stud, the alined` grooves being adapted `to receive grouting t0 form a tie to secure said tiles to each other and to said studs.

6. A double Wall construction comprising studs-having faces lprovided'with a series of spaced projections of less width than the faces and forming shoulders therewith, theprojections being staggered relative to each other on the two faces of each stud, the pro` jections being equal to the height of a title, and being staggered relative to each other on faces on adjacent studs, and tiles having grooved edges, the tiles being equal in width to the depth of the projections, and having grooved edges, the grooves being adapted to be in alinementtwith the grooves in such projections, said tiles being of a length to fit between the projections on alternate studs and tofit flush against the face of the intermediate stud between the spaced projections, the alined grooves between studs and tiles and between tiles being adapted to receive grouting to tie said tiles to each other and to said studs.

Signed by me, this 23d day' of January,

HUGH. R. HAD'FIELD.

Images