US1389638A - os btsw yobk - Google Patents
os btsw yobk Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1389638A US1389638A US1389638DA US1389638A US 1389638 A US1389638 A US 1389638A US 1389638D A US1389638D A US 1389638DA US 1389638 A US1389638 A US 1389638A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- soap
- fuel
- flame
- crust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palmitic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing Effects 0.000 description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001088417 Ammodytes americanus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036878 Clm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000007129 Cuminum cyminum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004559 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 2
- 229960000935 Dehydrated Alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium stearate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018963 Tropaeolum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000054 Tropaeolum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 and Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101700081371 conu Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002943 palmitic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
- C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
- C10L7/04—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels alcohol
Definitions
- the crust orv film When the' film or crust 7 or 8 is being formed by reason of the burning of the hiel it (the crust orv film) is of a more or less porous nature so that the fuel. beneath it may be consumed by the iiame anti the crust Upon cooling the crustl will harden.
- the crust 8 On relighting, the crust 8 Will be punct'urecl as before. The heat of the flames at the openings?) will melt the crust 8 and. the globules 8 formed from the previous crust or crusts and the'meltecl soap mixtures will unite ancl form larger globules.
- the usual method of extinguishing the flame is to invert the cover 6, and slide it over the flame opening 3f.
- the can or conn tainer becomes very much heated when the fuel is burning, the container cannot be safely handled until some time after the flame has been extinguished and the cover cannot be tightly inserted in the flame opem ing;v until the container becomes cool enough to handle.
- One formula for producing my material consists in heating l0() cubic centimeters of partly dehydrated alcohol to from 7G to C.. then dissolving in this tour anti onehai" grams of triple pressed stearie a-cicl, then neutralizing the major portion of this fatty acid with sotlium hydroxirl. lf the alcohol has been dehydrated to "mt 98%, I nd it feasible to use an aquec, solution, lV density of "0 Baume o sodium hyd;
- l may dissolve say 4% of sodium stearate. in the alcohol and then add a small amount. of tree stearic acid or not, as I may or may not desire a free fatty acid in the fuel as explained above.
- the mixture while hot is 'ourecl into the container anni the cover p aced tightly in position in the flame openinfr.
- the fuel is usually dispensed in the container in vwhich it. is burned.
- the fuel mafie in this Way will not liquefy from the heatof the flame on the burning surface but will remain in its jellied state.
- the soap which forms and is melted on the top of the burning mass is of a thick, viscous, tacky nature, and will not escape even if the can be over-turned and will not be reab sorheti bythe mass of the fuel either when rit (the soap) is hot or cold.
- a process of makin r a solid fuel comcomprises mixing alcohol 'sodium stearato. posed mainly of alcolici; which comprises and stenric acid in the ollowing propormixing alcohol having approximately 14% 15 tions: 75 cubic centimeters o ethyl alcohol, vwater content.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
L5 ",'f'rj H. L. HSHLH. jf SOLPD FUEL AND PROCESS OE MAKING THE SAME.' PPLICATIUN FILED APRJ, I'J.
lWill be built up from below.
crust, exposed thereby, will readily ignite on the application of the flame of the match. Upon rfi-lighting the heat of the flames at the openings a in the crust of the soap mixture formed on the surface of the mass, will melt and, by reason of the surface tension, form globules thereby exposing a fresh surface underneath upon which a new film 8 of soap mixture will he formed to be melted in its turn u on beine broken and re-lisjhtefi.v
and so on until all the alcohol is consumeci.
When the' film or crust 7 or 8 is being formed by reason of the burning of the hiel it (the crust orv film) is of a more or less porous nature so that the fuel. beneath it may be consumed by the iiame anti the crust Upon cooling the crustl will harden.
On relighting, the crust 8 Will be punct'urecl as before. The heat of the flames at the openings?) will melt the crust 8 and. the globules 8 formed from the previous crust or crusts and the'meltecl soap mixtures will unite ancl form larger globules.
The usual method of extinguishing the flame is to invert the cover 6, and slide it over the flame opening 3f. As the can or conn tainer, however, becomes very much heated when the fuel is burning, the container cannot be safely handled until some time after the flame has been extinguished and the cover cannot be tightly inserted in the flame opem ing;v until the container becomes cool enough to handle. The result of this is that the operator may forget or neglect to properly seal the container and were' it not for the presence ot the film or crust, the' alcohol would evaporate and the mass in the conu tainer become useless for heating purposes While I have described my fuel com-- posed principally of ethyl eicel-iol, prefer iny order to prevent the deposit-ion of free carbon on the bottom of the vessel holding the lingredients to be heated, to use a amount of material having; a smaller carbon contenti than ethyl alcohol, for example methyl alcohol, and by proportioning these materials, say one part of methyl alcohol by volume to three parts of ethyl alcohol by volume. In practice I prefer, for reasons of economy, to ,use what is known as the Unite States formula #l denatured alcohol.
It the alcohols contain too much water for my pu `pose I may remove the excess by listillingv with calcined lime and finti l satisfactory material when there about from three and a half to four of water in the finisheflv piotiuctc ilenerally speaking, my product improves as the water content decreases up to a certain point.
One formula for producing my material consists in heating l0() cubic centimeters of partly dehydrated alcohol to from 7G to C.. then dissolving in this tour anti onehai" grams of triple pressed stearie a-cicl, then neutralizing the major portion of this fatty acid with sotlium hydroxirl. lf the alcohol has been dehydrated to "mt 98%, I nd it feasible to use an aquec, solution, lV density of "0 Baume o sodium hyd;
0') for neutralizing the fatty acid. If the hol not been dehydrm4 then l dissolve the soclii. hydroxid in a part of the alcohol and t triple ressed stearic aeid in the balance of 'the alcohol and incorporate themv when they are both heated to the above temperature. J
Instead of mixing the stearie acid and sodium hytlroxid and forming a soap in the alcohol, l may dissolve say 4% of sodium stearate. in the alcohol and then add a small amount. of tree stearic acid or not, as I may or may not desire a free fatty acid in the fuel as explained above.
The mixture while hot is 'ourecl into the container anni the cover p aced tightly in position in the flame openinfr. The fuel is usually dispensed in the container in vwhich it. is burned.
The fuel mafie in this Way will not liquefy from the heatof the flame on the burning surface but will remain in its jellied state. The soap which forms and is melted on the top of the burning mass is of a thick, viscous, tacky nature, and will not escape even if the can be over-turned and will not be reab sorheti bythe mass of the fuel either when rit (the soap) is hot or cold.
is long as the soap is combined with the alcohol in the mass in solid form, the mass will not be melted by the heat of the flame on surface of the alcohoh The amount of soap in the mixture is relatively small and will not become ignited in the flame of the cobol ami there will he no anger of lire if the *hiel were burned with the can inver'eol anu the melted soap permitted to clrop vrom the flame opening. .1.oreover, by referring to the drawing: it will be seen that the top 3 and wall 5 will prevent any loose particles of the soap from dropping from the can except in the event of the can being entirely inverted,
in 'accor-(lance with the provisions of the patent statutes l have described the principle of my invention, together with the appairatus which l consider to represent the best einborliinent thereof, but I desire to have it ruilcrstootl that the apparatus shown is illustrative, and that the invention y be carri-ed out in other ways. l
ving uis described my invention what olai i as new and desire to secure by Lustre l tent, is:
L senil fuel coinpifieing alcohol having approximately 4% Water content, the reaction protiuct of caustic socia. and sicario acid lijf et oleic and palmitic acids, and, stearic acid substantially free of oleic anti. palniitic acids. i Y
l to this extent,
"25. process of making a solid 'ueLwlnich 3. A process of makin r a solid fuel comcomprises mixing alcohol 'sodium stearato. posed mainly of alcolici; which comprises and stenric acid in the ollowing propormixing alcohol having approximately 14% 15 tions: 75 cubic centimeters o ethyl alcohol, vwater content. thc reaction )roduct of :1 fatty 5 approximately from 95 to 98% 25 cubic incid und an alkali, and n llrcc fatty acid.
centimeters of methyl alcohol, approxi1 This specification signed und witnessed mately from 95 to 98%; und adding a. Enall this fifth day of April, 1917.
ro )crtion of the reaction roduct of so ium i ii xllrute und stcaric ac id su stantiailly free of HARRY L' P ISHER 10 o cw and. palmt'ic acids, and u small quamy Witnesses: 1 tity of stcaric acid substantially free of oleic Cummins l",- CLM,
A and palmitic acid. Fnnmzmc W. Elus.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1389638A true US1389638A (en) | 1921-09-06 |
Family
ID=3399717
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1389638D Expired - Lifetime US1389638A (en) | os btsw yobk |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1389638A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0472353A1 (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1992-02-26 | Eagleridge Enterprises, Inc. | Low water content semi-solid ethanol based fuel |
US20110045154A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2011-02-24 | Sorenson Chad M | Inclusive single-use heating device |
US10273424B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2019-04-30 | B.C.B. International Limited | Alcohol-containing compositions useful as solid fuels and processes for their manufacture |
-
0
- US US1389638D patent/US1389638A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0472353A1 (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1992-02-26 | Eagleridge Enterprises, Inc. | Low water content semi-solid ethanol based fuel |
US20110045154A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2011-02-24 | Sorenson Chad M | Inclusive single-use heating device |
US8393317B2 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2013-03-12 | Societe Bic | Inclusive single-use heating device |
US10273424B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2019-04-30 | B.C.B. International Limited | Alcohol-containing compositions useful as solid fuels and processes for their manufacture |
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