US1379855A - Joseph donneb - Google Patents

Description

marten stares JOSEPH BONNER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

GREAM DEPILATORY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented M y 31, rear.

Ito Drawing. Continuation of application Serial No. 378,644, filed May 3, 1920. Thi'sapplication filed -March 3, 1921. Serial No. 449,530.

To all who m z'tmay' concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH DONNER, a citizen of the United States, residin at Chicago," in the county of Cook and tate of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Cream Depilatory, of which the following is a specification.

This application is filed as a continuation of my application filed May 3, 1920, Serial No. 378,644.

My invention relates to a toilet preparation or cosmetic, particularly to that class known as depilatories, which are used for removing hair, superfluous or normal from the human body.

One of the primary objects of my invention is the preparation of a depilatory in the form of acream or paste.

Another principal object of my invention is the.incorporat1on of a depilating agent in an air-restraining base.

A further object of my invention is the preparation of a finished depilatory cream or paste, which is permanent and stable, free from sulfid or other objectionable odor,

and possessing instead a distinctly refresh ing and fragrant odor.

A further and particular object is the production of acomplete or finished depilatory which may be applied directly to the skin without the intervention of water or any other substance, and which will 'efi'eotthe removal of the hair with facility, and with perfect safety to the skin.

Heretofore depilatories have been made in the following forms -p0wder, liquid, and

lotion; and the physical states of these are such that their application is invariably at? tended with inconvenience, or waste of material, or both. The powdered depilatories consisting inert excipients such'as starch, flour, chalk, talc, etc., require to be mixed wlth water beforeusing, which process is mussy', involves the soiling. and. washing of'mixing. utensils, is time consuming, and be attended with loss of material through the preparation of a larger quantity of paste than is requiredfor a single application.

A serious faultattending the use of l quid depilatories is that because of their fluidity area than of mixtures of polysulfids-with is, apt to they are apt to spread or flow over a greater a that of the intended application, and it is diflicult to confine them to the re-. moval of hair in a small localized area Without then: acting on the adjacent skin. This same objection may be applied to the lotion depllatories, which are essentially imperfect suspensions of alkaline and alkaline earth sulids, polysulfids, and sulfhydrates in wa er.

My invention consists of a de'p-ilatory, the physical state of which is a plastic mass of tooth paste or cold cream like consistency, and thus overcomes all difiiculties of application attendant upon the" use of those mentioned above. It is permanent, complete, and handleable; it can be taken from the jar or tube in quantities as desired, and can be appliedover an area such as is 00- cupied by one or two hairs on a mole, or upon a surface as extensive as the entire face. Likewise it can be applied to surfaces such as the armpits, with grace and convenience. Furthermore, once placed in posi-' tion upon the area to be depilated, the cream remains without danger of running or spreading until the hair is disintegrated.

I have found that the sulfid depilatories heretofore in common use have consisted of the sulfids, polysulfids, and sulfhydrates of the alkali, alkaline earth, and earth metals,

in solution or suspension in Water,alone or in admixture with one another in various 7 proportions and strengths. Inall of these the dissolved. sulfhydrates constitute the active depilating agent. Undissolved sulfids and polysulfids have little or no ,depilating power. When sulfhydrate solutions are exposed to the air, the sulfhydrates are con-- verted into hyfdrdxids, sulfurbeingliberated' and dissolving in the base, thus:

nans- -oiraormsj Upon opening a receptacle containing a liquid or lotion "depilatory,"-air enters, andthrough the convexionv currents that are.

created in its penetrating the surface layer posures, "such as attend the use ofdepilatories prepared in small packages, betore and dg application, permit theentrance tered in composition, resu crease (Nat) crease in the content of the depilating agent Often in the original package, tion depilatories undergo an mass, in which the molecules of 5 air; thus guaranteeing =(NaSH, Ca(SH) preparation becomes less valuable or valuetories heretofore in use were the markedly putrid KSH, etc.).' That is, the

less as a. depilatory, and more caustic, or even dangerously irritant tothe skin. In the case of the alkaline earth sulfid preparations, prolonged exposure to the air converts them to solid insoluble carbonate, through interaction of the carbon dioxid of the air, causing them to cake, and renders th' quite worthless as depilatories; thus:

liquid or 10- deterioration and change so as to render them valueless as depilatories, and also capable of producing harmful efiects when applied. In my invention 1 have overcome these dificulties by taking advantage of the airrestraining properies of colloids and colloidlike bodies, which are capable, with the depilating agent and any suitable vehicle, of producing a pasty or cream-hike the depilatin'g agent are permanently suspended, and which renders them proof against the substantial entrance of and interaction their stability, and the permanence of the preparation. The colloids used,'besides having the properties of adhesiveness and air-exclusion, are such that do not decompose the depilating sulfid or sulfhydrate solution.

It is well known that odor of hydrogen sulfid. Heretofore, the disguising of the sulfid odor of these depilatories has been attempted through the use of perfumes, essential oils, or the phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, or other chemical bodies which represent the odorous, principles of volatile oils and perfumes. These agents, ture with one another are not suiiicient to completely mask the odor of appreciable quantities of hydrogen sulfid. l have found'that pure solutions oi; thesulfhydrates of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are practically odorless, and that any trace of hydrogen sulfid odor in solutions or mixtures of sulfids, polysulfids or sulihydrates is an indication of the presence of uncombined hydrogen sulfid. As free hydrogen sulfid has no depilating value its presence in a depilatory is superfluous and unnecessary.

when mixed with all the sulfid depilaattended with.

pilating value,

singly or in admlxrevenue in my pre aration herein described ad= vanta e is ta the d epilatingi) xture inodorous. v ll ac complish this subjecting the sulthydrate mixture, :w e iately atter its preparation, to a low grade vacu, preferabl 200 to 250 at a temperature of 20 to 35 (3., and thus the removal of uncombined, excessive, dissolved h drogen sulfid, is efiected, rendering the resi ue practically inodorous, without lmpairing its depilatinproperties. The same end can be acoomplis the addition of a small excess ot'suitable alkali to efiect'the combination with uneombined hydrogen sulfid, thus:

Ca(oH),+2H,s=Ga(Hs),+2H,o If new this odorless depilating mixture be immediately admixed with adhesive, non-reactive colloids as herein described, which are capable of absorbing traces of hydrogen sulfid, and at the same time'act to protect the sulfhydrate mixture against subsequent air decomposition which would result in the evolution of that gas, a'compound is obtained which is essentially free from sulfid odor, and which is capable .of taking on and asserting the odor of any desired volatile principle or perfume. I am also aware that sulfur dioxid or sulen ot'that fact for rendering ed also, by

furous acid has been suggested as a deodorant for sulfid mixtures, producing its result through chemical combination with hydrogen sulfid, thus:

At the same time it has an equal afiinity for sulfids and sulfhydrates in solution, reacting with-them to form bisulfites and vneu-. tral sulfites, thus:

But the sulfites and, bisulfites have no deand hence the use of sulfur dioxid efiects the removal of sulfid odor from a depilatory at the expense of reducing the content of depilating agent, and thus lowering the activity of the final product.

As an instance of manufacture I place a quantity of quicklime (Ca()) in a large vessel, and slake it by pouring upon it approximately l times its weight of water. The interaction of the water and lime re-' sult in the formation'of a mass of calcium hydroxid (Ca (OH) thus:

To this calcium hydroxid mass 1 add sufficient water to bring it to the consistence of a thin magma; that is, about 10 parts of water to 1 of lime are used. This is strained through gauze or a wire sieve to remove ltltl llll extraneous or gritty matter, and then distributed in suitable vessels, preferably glass, preparatory to charging with hydrogen sulfid. I then pass a current of hydrogen sulfid as through this slaked lime cream until the wfiole assumes an even pale blue color, after which the current of hydrogen sulfid is-removed. This pale blue magma, consisting ofcalcium sulfid (Gas), calclum hydroxid -(Ca (OH) and a solution of calcium sulfhydrate (Ca(SHg% and calcium hydroxy-sulfhydrate (.Ca( )OH) constitutes the depilating mixture, of which the calcium sulfhydrate solution is the principal depilating agent. When made in this mannor the calcium sulfhydrate solution is generally saturated; that is, it contains ap proximately 7% of calcium sulfhydrate;

In the process as above outlined the presence of an excess of hydrogen sulfid is carefully avoided. However, should the process of sulfuretization be carried too far and the product have a marked hydrogen sulfid odor, the excessive uncombined hydrogen sulfid may be removed by subjecting the sulfuret to the action of a low grade vacuum, or by the addition of a suitable excess of milk of lime (Ca'(OH) as above stated.

To any desired quantity of this depilating magma light calcined magnesia (MgO is added in sufiicient quantity to make a pasty suflicient strength to effect the removal of mass of about the consistence of a cold cream or tooth aste. If the magnesium oxidis substantia lly pure approximately 1 part of it to 5 parts'by weight of the depilating magma 1s required to bring the mixture to this'consistence. A small quantity of oil of rose-geranium is added to impart an odor to the mixture, (usually 1 cc. to 500 grams of the paste), and the whole is admixed until an even,'homogenous paste is secured.

The product is a smooth, velvety cream, of the density and consistence of a toothpaste, and is of a pale blue color. It is substantially free. from sulfid odor, and is possessed, instead, of the fragrant odor of oil of rose-geranium, and is essentially soluble in andniiscible with water in all proportions. It is permanent and stable in commercial containers (jars and collapsible tubes). at ordinary temperatures, and is of hair from within'3 to 10 minutes from the time of its application, without irritation or injury to the skin.

While I have thus described a preferred embodiment ofmy invention I do not'wish to limit'myself to the exact materials or proportions o'utlined in the preceding. A

- variety of materials of like .or similar properties may be used in lieu of those described herein, without departing from the scope of my invention or the spirit of the appended claims.

If desired, inert powdered .excipients which are non-reactive with the depilating solution may be added to the 'depil'ating magma along with the colloidal adhesive to increase. the density and give body to the whole. Examples of these are kaolin, talc, starch, calciumsilicate and a variety of natural clays consisting mainly of the insoluble silicates of theearth and alkaline earth metals. I a

In place of the light magnesium oxid described herein, to eifect. theadhesion of the component parts of the mixture and to protect it against air .deterioration, I may employ the gelatinoid hydroxids of nonreactive metals such as; aluminium hydroxid A1(O'H) or non-reactive colloidal salts such as kaolin Al,I-I (SiO ),.H O, or any one or a mixture of the mucilaginous emulsoid colloids such as agar-agar, tragacanth, acacia, fiaxseed mucilage, chondrus, quince-seed mucilage, starch, flour, pectin, etc.; the adhesive selected depending upon the depilating agent used. The vegetable colloids are best suited as gel or agglutinating bases for the alkaline sulfid solutions. When made from these basic agents and a clear sulfid solution alone, the finished depilatory is transparent or translucent, and has the appearance of a jelly.

. It can be made to any degree of firmness or fluldlty by varymg thev proportion of made from vegetable colloids, alkaline sulfid solutions, and inert filling'material is the following: starch 10 parts, 3% sodium sulfid solution 100 parts, heavy magnesium oxid 20 parts, and eucalyptol sufficient to mask the odor of the mixture.

As a depilating agent I may use any of the following: the sulfids', polysulfids, and

sulfhydrates of the alkali metals, the earth metals, and the alkaline earth metals, alone,

or in combination with one another in strengths varying from 2 to 50% solution or suspension.

Nor need the odor of the product be that lll of oil-of rose-geranium. Any desired odor can be effected through the' incorporation of the corresponding perfume, essential oil, or odorous principle;

Likewise the color of the product can be varied through the use of suitable mixtures of sulfids and sulfhydrates, and the agency of organic andinorganic colors.

The preparation is applicable to all or any of the body surfaces for the removal of handling, any quantity as 'cible with water it may used it efiects not only the complete removal of the hair but it also'acts to destroy the insects and their eggs, as the chitinous body structure of an insect is so similar to the keratin ofhair that the destructive or disintegrating efiect of the sulfids or sulfhydrates is alike effective on both, and the preparation serves thus as a depilatory and also as an insecticide. By reason of its physical condition as a creamy or plastic mass the preparation can be put up in collapsible tubes similar to the ordinary tooth pastes to permit of its easy and. convenient pressed by squeezing or compressing the tube; and when so put up or when furnished in jars or in other forms the preparation is preferably of the consistency of the ordinary tooth paste or cream as supplied in collapsible tubes. llhe preferable consistency being such that the preparation is applicable Without further treatment as a soft paste or cream so that it may be easily and quickly applied and spread on the surfaces or areas to be treated and remain as applied without running over or spreading to other areas. As the preparation, however, is readily misbe thinned or degree of fluidity by the addition of water, so that any proper quantity of the paste or cream may be admixed with the requisite amount of water or like liquid to be reduced to any desired consistency.

lhat which I regard as the dominant and characteristic feature of my invention is the discovery of the air-restraining and agglutinant or adhesive properties of non-reactive colloids or colloid-like bodies when used with depilating mixtures which enable the same'to be prepared in theform of creams, pastes, or jellies; which, by virtue of their air-restraining properties maintain the de pilating agents brought to any which, by their adhesive properties bring the depilating mixture into a cream or paste form which permits of its easy application in definite areas with freedom from spreading. By reason also of the fact that the depilating agent or agents are preserved in their original strength without deterioration, and that the preparation is in theform of an applicable cream or paste, the product may be prepared of standard perches l claimand desire tosecure desired being exfrom air interaction whereby. they are preserved from deterioration, and:

or agglutinant strength, insuring its efiectiiie use, without dan er of harm or injury.

aving thus described my invention, what by Letters Patent is: l 7

1. A composition of matter, for the pur= pose specified, comprising a depilatory' the form of cream or paste. I

2. A composition of matter comprising a depilatory mixture and a vehicle carrying the same, in the form of a finished, stable, depilatory cream.

'3. A composition of matter forthe purpose specified, comprising a depilating agent incorporated in an air-restraining ase. I

t. A composition of matter for the pur pose specified, comprising a depilating agent incorporated in a colloidal base.

5. A composition of matter for the purpose specified, comprising a depilating agent carried in a base of colloids, in a mixture of creamy consistency.

6. A composition of depilating agent permanently suspended in a vehicle in the form of a finished creamy plpstic mass.

tion of a depilatingagent, and a suspensoid colloid permanently suspended i in said solution.

10. A composition of matter for the purpose specified, consisting of an emulsoid colloid, a suspensoid colloid, and an aqueous solution of a depilating agent.

11. A depilatory comprising an alkaline sulfid solution, and a substancefcapable of forming a gel therewith. I

12. A depilatory composition consiming of a sulfid jelly, and an agent'to render the same of creamy consistence.

13. A depilatory cream consisting of a depilating sulfid and sulfhydrate mixture, and sufiicient colloidal tain the whole substantially stable and homogeneous.

14. A cream depilatory consisting of an alkaline earth sulfid solution in ure with a vehicle containing suficient colloid the whole sublike adhesive to maintain stantially stable and homogeneous.

15. A depilatory cream consisting of a depilati'ng sulfid and sulfhydrateinixture,

with body material to afiord density, and suficient colloidal agglutinant to maintain matter comprising a i and an emulsoid W a substantially peanent the pur V pose specified, comprising an aqueous sol agglutinant to mainthe whole substantially stable and homo- 17. A depilatory cream comprising a geneous. depilating agent consisting of the products 16. A depilatory comprising a depilating of interaction of hydrogen sulfid and slaked 1'0 agent consisting of the products of interlime, in admixture with light magnesium 5 action of hydrogen sulfid and slaked lime, in oxid.

admixture with sufli-cient colloid-like agglutinant to form a creamy mass; J'OSiIfJPI I BONNER.