US1378506A - Elastic-fluid turbine - Google Patents

Description

o. A. WIBERG.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLicATloN FILED `FEB.19, 1920.

Y UNITEDA STATES PATENT .1oFFIcE.-

osxan ANTON wrBEnG, or rrNsroNe, swimEN,l AssIeNoa, BY uEsN'E ASSIGNMENTS i To nxrmonaenr LJUNesTnOus Neruarmor STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, A coni reunen.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ELASTIC-FLUID TUBBINE.

, i' Patented May 17, 1921.

Applicatie; mea February 19, 1920. 'serial No. 360,009.

ToaZl-whomitmyooncem." i

Be it known that I, Oem ANTON W1- BERG, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at Finspong, Sweden, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in -ElasticFluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to elasticfluid turbines and specifically to that type having a radial tlow high pressure blade.

The Wheels are heat-treated to l:render them very strong and tough and if, 1n operation, they are subjected to the action of high temperature steam, in such manner that a substantial increase in temperature results, their strength will be materially decreased. It is also important that the entire wheels be maintainer] at substantially the same temperature to prevent stress being set up due to unevenheating. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved structure and arrangement in a turbine of the character referred to wherein provision is made for effecting a flow of comparatively cool steam over portions of the wheels so as to prevent undue heating of the same and maintain the entire wheels at substantially constant temperature.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novelvand my invention, attention is directed -to theaccompanying description and the claims appended thereto.

` In the drawing, the ligure is a radial sectional view of a Iportion of an elastic-fluid turbineembodying my invention. The drawing shows the left-hand side of a turbine and a part of the right-hand side and i-t will be understood that the two sides are alike, the right-hand side being a duplicate of the left-hand side.

Referring to the drawing, 5 and 5 indicate inner rotating elements, 'carrying rings of interleaving blades 6 and 6a, respectively, through which elastic-fluid flows radially outward thereby causing elements 5 and 5a to rotate in opposite directions.` Blades `6 f and 6% are connected to elements 5 and '5? by suitable expansion rings 8 and 8, this being now a knownform of connection in this type of turbine. The inner rotating element 5 is carried by a stub shaft 9 which, 1n turn, is carried b a main: shaft `(not shown). Inner rotat-lngelement 5a is carried bysimilar stub shaft (not shown). In

the description following I will` describe the left-hand side of the turbine only, it belngj-understood, as above stated, that the ,.rigltehand Side is a duplicate thereof. SurroundingA inner rotating element 5 is an intermedlate rotating element 10 fastened to element 5 by expansionring 11. Carried by i intermediate rotating element 10 are axially extending blade rings 12, with which interleave blade rings 12? of the right-hand side of the machme. Connected'to intermediate rotating element 1,0 by expansion ring 13 is 16a ofi-the right-hand-side of the machine.A

Blade rings'16 are connected to wheel 14 by expansion rings 17. Elements 5 and 10 and wheel 14, with their attached rings of buckets, form as a whole one rotor of the turbine. Fastened to the surrounding casing wall 19 is aholder 20, which carries a ring of nozzles 21. for directing elasticfluid to blade ring`15 and depending from nozzle ring 21 is an annular wai-ll 22, which defines one side of a-steam space for receiving the exhaust from the radial flow bucket rings 16 and 16",L and directing it to nozzles 21. Between the bore of wall 22 and the outer edge of the `outermost ring of buckets 16a is a suitable packing strip 22a.

The adjacent stationary side wall of the turbine casing is indicated at 24, and between it and the stub shaft 9 is a suitable shaft packing 25 to prevent leakage between side wall 24 are two concentric annular walls 26 and 27, which define steam chambers 28 and 29. Elastic fluid is admitted to with elastic fluid through a separate conv duit similar to' conduit 30. From chamber 29 elastic iiuid is supplied through passages 32 and 33 to an intermediate point` in the radial flow blade system. The admission of elastic fluid to an intermediate point .in the turbine is for the purpose of getting increased power from the machine as is well understood. Between the rotor and the adjacent casing wall isvarranged a packing and axial balancin means comprising two disks 35 and 36. sk 35 is connected to inner rotating element 5 by means of expansion rings 37 and disk 36 is connected to walls 26 and 27 b means of expansion rings 38. Between disks 35 and 36 are interleaving pacln'ng rings 39 which are carried by said disks. It will be seen that disk 35 turns within the rotor while disk 36 is stationary. Surrounding disk 36 and located within the bore of wheel 14 is a shield ring 40, which is supported in the spaced relation to disk 36 by projections 41. Shield ring 40 is spaced from the Vbore of wheel 14 so as to leave an annular passage 42 between them. The right-hand rinner surface of shield ring 40 is beveled so that it forms with the peripheral surfaces of disks 35 and 36 a Venturi-shaped annular passage through which elastic duid leaking between the balancing disks 35 and 36 is dlscharged. Such leakage elastic iuid will have a comparatively high temperature and one of the functions of ring 40 is to protect the bore of wheel 14 from this elastic fluid.

The operation of a turbine as shown is well understood, elastic fluid owing first through the radial how portion of the machine and then dividing and iiowing through the two axial flow portions, each of which comprises a ring of nozzles 21 and a wheel 14.

It will be noted that between the periphery of the balancing disk 35 and expansion ring 13 is an annular chamber designated 43, and when the turbine is operating elastic fluid issuing from the packing means between balancing disks 35 and 36 and discharging through the passage between ring 40 and the periphery of balancing disk 36, creates a suction after the manner of the ejector which acts to draw elastic Huid which ma be present in the chamber 43 out of suc chamber and discharge it into the casing of the turbine which, as is well understood, is connected with the condenser. This reduces' the pressure in chamber 43 and as a result exhaust elastic Huid flows through the annular passage 4 2 between ring 40 and the bore of wheel 14 into the chamber 43, from whence it is continuously removed by the ejector action referred to. There is thus set up a continuous flow of exhaust fluid through the annular passage 42 to chamber 43 and thence out between l ring 40 and the periphery of balancing disk 36, which serves to protect the bore of wheel 14 from the hot elastic fluid issuing from between the balancing disks 35 and 36 and 70 also to extract heat Vfrom the wheel'14 to vcool it. It will thus be seen that I utilize the leakage of elastic iiuid from the packing between the balancing disks to create a sucy tion for drawing cooling fluid through the 'i5 bore of wheel 14. It will alsobe noted that I utilize as cooling medium elastic fluid' after it has exhausted from bucket'ring 15 and has, therefore, been expanded down to the lowest pressure and temperature which it reaches before exhausting to the condenser.l I thus provide a. most eliicient'and economic cooling means for the impulse wheel 14 andone which tends' to maintain the portion of the wheeladjacent its bore at substantially the same temperature as the remainder of the wheel.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, togethers() with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s,

1. The combination with an elastic-Quid turbine having a rotor, of means fo an ejector for causing cooling uid to circulate, adjacent said rotor.

2. In an elastic-iiuid'turbine having af rotor element and a jpacking mea-ns, means actuated by elastic uid issuing from said packing means for causing cooling Huid to circulate adjacent said rotor.

3. In an' elastic-fluid turbine havinv a rotor element provided with a bore an packing means, means defining a. passage through said bore through which medium is drawn b the ejector action of elastic fluid leaking om said packing.

4. In an elastic-fluid turbine comprising a member having axially extendin buckets thereon and a wheel carried by saidy memberand having radially extending buckets thereon, said wheel having an enlarged bore,

means defining a path for conducting elastic fluid for cooling purposes from the exhaust side of said Wheel inwardly through said bore. v

5. A In an elastic-duid turbine having a ros tor comprising an inner radial io'w portion 125 and an vouter axial flow portion having a bore, and balancing disks, Ymeans actuated by the issuing of elastic fluid from ysaid halancing disks for causingv cooling medium to flow through said bore t0 wol the rotor,

6. In an elastic-fluid turbine having a rotor comprising two members connected to each other and carrying bucket elements, one of said members being located to one side of the other and having an enlarged bore, means defining a path for conducting elastic uid through said bore to cool said one member, and means for causing elastic iuid to flow through said path.

7. In an elastic-.Huid turbine, the combination of oppositely rotating elements having interleaving blades, a ybladed wheel having an enlarged bore connected to each element, a pair of balancing disks for each element located at the bore of its wheel, and

, means actuated bythe issuing of elastic fluid from between said balancing disks for causing a cooling means to `flow through the bore of such wheel.

8. vIn an elastic Huid turbine having a roing means, means defining a passage through said bore through which cooling medium is drawn from the exhaust side of the rotor element inwardly through said bore by theejector action of elastic Huid leaking from said packing.

9. In an elastic fluid turbine having a rotor comprising an inner radial flow portion and an outer axial portion having a bore, and balancing disks, means actuated by the issuing of elastic iuid from said balancing disks for causing cooling medium to iow from the exhaust side of said outer axial flow portion of the rotor inwardlythrough its bore to cool the rotor. l

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 30th day of October,'1919.

OSKAR ANTON WIBERG. i

tor element provided with a bore, and pack- 'A

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