US1377672A - Speed-governor - Google Patents

Description

W. A. DOBLE.

SPEED GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION HLED JULY 12. |917.

` WILLIAM A. DOBLE, 0F sAN rEANcIsoo, WALER WHEEL COMPANY, or sAN E or ALIEOENIA.

NT oFFIcE.

CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE PELTON RANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, .A CORPORATION SPEED-GOVERN OR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 1o, 1921.

Original application led June 2, 1913, Serial No. 771,308. Divided and this application filed .luljT 12, 1917. Serial No. 180,193.

To all whom t may concern.:

Be it known that-I, l/VILpIAM A. DOBLE, a citizen of the'United States, residing at San Francisco, county of San Francisco, and State of California, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Speed-Governors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvementsin speed controlling apparatus for motors and more particularly to that class of speed controlling apparatus which is adapted or use in connection with water wheels used for driving electric generators. 7

The invention belongs to that type of speed controlling apparatus in which the speed responsive or governing elementcontrols the gate, or other device for regulating the supply of motive energy, by means of a relay mechanism.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a mechanism of this class in which the gate or analogous device is moved by fluid pressure means and the controlling or pilot valve for the fluid pressure means is moved .in definite relation to the gate so that for every position of the gate there is' a corresponding position for the pilt valve.

Another object is to provide an improved form 'of pilot'valve 'provided with means for limiting the rapidity of the movements of the pilot 'valve so as to avoid sudden changes in the position of the gate.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved form of pilot valve which is arranged to automatically closethe gate whenever the belt by which the governor is driven breaks or slips off the pulley. y

Another object of the invention is to provide an. improved means vfor connecting the gate and the pilot valve, whereby movements of the gate are transmitted to the pilot valve. It has Vbeen`found diiiicult in most cases, where-speed controlling apparatus is usedto place the speed responsive element close to the partfrom which it is operated 4and Aat the same. timeV have the servo-motor in the proper position to operate the gate. In order to obtain the best results it 'is thereforenecessary to separate the speed responsive element from vlthe servomotor and provide suitable connecting means between the two. By this arrangement the speed responsivev element may be placed close to the shaft from which it is driven and the servo-motor may be located inthe proper position to operate the gate in which large power units must necessarily be had a. considerable distance from the speed responsive element. In connecting the servo-motor with the speed responsive devicecranks and long shafts' are undesirable to use on account of possiblelost niot-ion which would be detrimental to the correct action of the apparatus. `Long belts are also ,undesirable because of the pulsations which they produce due to the flapping of the belts and in the case of an inertia governor belts could not be used at all. In carrying out my invention the servo-motor is connected with the pilot valve, which is operated by the Speed responsive element -1n such a manner that the movements of the gate are transmitted to the valve by means of balls which are arranged in a tube, the balls acting in substantially the same manner as would aliquid under similar circumstances with the use of the balls the disadvantages which would arise from leakage of a liquid are avoided.

.Another object of the invention is to provlde a speed controlling apparatus of the inertia type by means of which the speedv vof the motor is controlled by the voltage of thegenerator driven by the motor and also the load on Athe generator as well as by exception that by the variations in the speedfof the motor from y the normal. l l i Other objects and the various features of novel-ty will be apparent from the following ldescription taken in`connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: o

igure l is a longitudinal section through a water wheel nozzle and the apparatus for controlling' the flow through the nozzle.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectionallview of the l pilot valve shown in Fig..l.

FigB vis an enlarged sectional view of a part of the ball stroke-transmission device."

Fig. 4 1s a longitudinal section of.another` v form of speedcontrolling apparatus.

Fig. 5 is ln Flg:

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a detail of an enlarged verticaly section through kthe speed responsive element shown the speed responsive element shown in Fig. 4.

I`Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of liig. 8 `is an enlarged section of the small pilot valve shown in Fig. 4.

In this application which is a division of my application #771,308, filed J une 2, 1913, I have illustrated a form of speed controlling mechanism which for purposes of illustration is shown in connection with a .water wheel, the shaft of the wheel being indicated at 190 and one of the bearings of the shafts being indicated at 191. The wheel is provided with the usual buckets 192 and a casing 193, and a nozzle 194 controlled by a needle valve 195 is arranged to discharge a jet of water against the buckets 192. The nozzle 194 is secured to a nozzle body 196 which may be connected with a suitable suppfly conduit by means of a flange 197. The needle valve 195 is provided with a stem 198 which extends through a suitable stufiing box 199 carried by the nozzle body.

The speed controlling mechanism about to be described is especially adapted for use in connection with large power units in which the needle valve 195 will be of large size and subjected to heavy pressures and therefore require a comparatively large servo-motor to operate the same. usual in such mechanisms I have provided the controlling mechanism with a speed responsive element, and since, it is desirable' to locate this speed responsive element close Atoc the shaft 190 from which it ois driven it must necessarily be at considerable distance from the servo-motor which it controls, and therefore -in order to secure regulation as nearly perfect as possible the connections between the speed responsiveelement and the servo-motor must be such that the movements of the one are transmitted to the other J without' variation.

In carrying out the invention I provide a servo-motor cylinder 200, in which is arranged a piston 201 and which may be conveniently secured to the nozzle body. A piston rod 202 is secured to the outer end of the stem 198 and passes through the piston 201 and is rigidly connected with the latter. This rod also extends through the head 203 of the cylinder 200 andhas a reduced end 204 which carries a piston/205 which is arranged in a dash pot: cylinder 206. Leakage from the cylinder 200 along the yrod 202 is prevented by -means of suitable stuffing boxes 207 and 208. A supporting late 209 is preferably connected with thel cad 203 of the cylinder 200 and Amay also be supported by .means of a suitable foundation 210.

' the lever 214 is connected with a pivot 216 cis son the rod 202 and a rod 217 is connected As is` spring 222. The upper ends of the levers 219 and 220 engage the heads of the dash pot cylinder 206. The head 223 of the cylinder 206 is provided with an internally threaded extension 224 which'receives the threaded rod 225. A gear wheel 226 is iixed on the rod 225 and in mesh witha pinion 227 onthe shaft of a motor 228, the latter lbeing preferably mounted on the dash pot cylinder 206. The rod 225 is provided with a smooth end 227 which is supported by a tubular member 228" carried by a suitable bracket 229 which may be rigidly connected with the supporting plate 209.

The dash4 pot cylinder 206 is provided with a by-pass 230 which connects the portions of the cylinder which are on opposite sides of the piston 205. This by-pass may be controlled by a suitable valve 231.

Supported on a frame 232 is a valve casing 233 and above the latter and preferably secured thereon is a bracket 234 which carries the speed responsive element. The latter comprises an upright sleeve 235 which is secured to the bracket 234, on which is rotatably arranged a sleeve 236 which carries a bevel gear v237 and a collar 238. Slidably and rotatably arranged on the upper end of the sleeve235 is a sleeve 239 having a collar 241 which carry the centrifugal weights 242. rod 243 is connected with the sleeve 239 in such manner that the sleeve is permitted to rotate relative to the rod but mo-ves the rod withit as it slides on the sleeve235. The lower end of the rod 243 carries a pilot valve 244 which slides on a tubular extension 245 of a piston 246. The piston 246 is arranged in a suitable bore in the upper part of the valve casing 233 vand has a downward extension 247 which is connected with'a piston valve 248'. The extension 247 passes through a partition 249 which separates the chamber for the piston 246, from the chamber in which the valve 248 is'arranged. 'lhe valve 248 slides in a ysleeve 250 and the latter is slidably arranged in a suitable b ore in the casing 233. The sleeve 250 1s provided with ports 251, 252 and 253 which register with' the annular passages 254, 255 Iand 256, respectively, in4

against the abutments 221 by means of a the casing 233. 'fhe` annular passage 255 has communicating therewith a port 257 f which is connected with a supply pipe 258 for the motive fluid for actuating the servomotor. Thaannular passage 254- is connected with one end of the servo-motor cylinder 200 by means ,of a pipe 259 and the passage 256 is connected with the opposite end of the servo-motor cylinder by a pipe 260.

The valve casing 233 is provided with a port 271 which is in communication with the port 257 and the ports 272 and 273. The ports 272 and 273 communicate with the chamber for the piston 246 on opposite sides of said piston. The port 273 is preferablyl controlled by a valve 27 4 by means of which the flow through said port may be regulated. A port 275 leads from the chamber for the sleeve 250 to an exhaust pipe 276, whereby water may be ldischarged from either end of the servo-motor cylinder.

The sleeve-250 has connected therewith a rod 261 which extends through the lower head 262 of the valve casin 233 and is provided on its lower end witil an enlarged portion or plunger 263, which is slidably arranged in a cylinder 264 carried by the frame 232. A yoke 265 is secured to the rod 261 above the plunger 263 and has connected therewith a pair of springs 266 which have their lower ends anchored to the frame 232.

'The cylinder 264 is also provided with a bore for a plunger 267, vthis bore, being smaller than the bore for the plunger 263, and these two bores are connected by a gradually tapering bore 267. A pipe 268 has one end connected in alinement with the smaller bore of the cylinder 264 and has its other end extended to and connected in alinement with the bore of the sleeve 228.

The pipe 268 is suitably curved to avoid sharp bends and is filled with balls 269 which are slightly smaller in diameter than the bore 'of' the pipe. These balls are arranged in contact so thatwhen pressure is applied to one end of the line it will be trans- `mitted directly to the other end. The line of balls extends into the lower end of the'cylinder 264 and the end ball contacts with the end of the plunger 267. Between the plungers 263 and 267 the 'cylinder 264 is filled with very small balls 270 as is clearly indicated in the drawings.

The operation of the mechanism is as follows: l

Assuming that the motor is running at normal speed under a constant load the vneedle valve 195 will be open suficiently to discharge the necessary quantity of water to the wheel and the governor which may be 'driven by a belt 237 from the motor shaft in the usual manner will be rotating with the centrifugalA weights 242 in a definite position corresponding to the speed of the motor.-

` Under these conditions the flanges of the piston valve 248 will cover the ports 251 and 253 of the sleeve 250 and thus prevent the' motive fluid from the servo-motor from flowing to or from the latter, thus holding the needle valve 195 in a fixed position. The ports 244 in the pilot valve 244 and the ports 245 in the extension 245 of the piston 246 will also be in registration so that the motive fluid will ilow from the port 255 through the ports 271 and 273 in the casing 233 and the ports 244 and 245 and the intevrior of the piston extension 247, the valve through the port 273, is greater than the area of the lower side of the piston which is subjected to the pressure of the fluid in :the port 272. This difference in area and pressure lresults inthe equalization of the load on the opposite sides of the piston and the latter is held stationary.

If for any reasonthe motor changes in speed the position of the centrifugal weights 242 will be changed and the pilot valve 244 raised or lowered. In case the motor speeds 'up the centrifugal weights will move outwardly and Ylower the pilot valve 244, and thereby further` restrict the flow through the ports 244 and 245. This will cause the pressure in the chamber above the piston 246 j to increase and overbalance the pressure on the lower side of the piston and therefore move the piston and the valve 248 downwardly and uncover the ports 251 and 253 in thesleeve 250'. It will be seen that when the valve 248 is lowered the ports 251 will be in communication with the exhaust 276 and the ports 253 will be in communication with the supply pipe 258. The motive fluid will therefore flow through the pipe 260 to one end of the servomotor cylinder- 200 and from the opposite end of the cylinder through the pipe 259 to 110 the exhaust 27 6. This action will cause the piston 201 and the needle valve to move toward the right and diminish the How of water through the nozzle 194. By thus diminishing ,the flow of water through the 115 nozzle the speed of# the motor will be restored to normal.

The above described movement of the piston 201 will be transmitted by the rod 204 to the dash pot piston 205. This movement 120 "fluid in the dash pot to be transferred from one side of the piston to the other by means of the port 230 so that the piston will be p permitted to move without directly moving the dash pot cylinder.- The latter, however, will be moved by the rod 217 acting through the levers 219 and 220, but it will be observed that, since the movement of the rod 217 is less than the movement of they rod 204,

the movement of the dash pot cylinder 206 will likewise be less than thatof the piston 205. When the rod 204 moves toward the right the lever 219 will be positively moved in the same direction by the abutment 221 with which it is in contact, and the spring 222 will take up the movement of the lever 219 and transmit the same to the leverl 220 and the cylinder 206.

lf the change in speed ofthe motor has been rapid the piston 201 of the servo-motor will also be quickly moved and, since under these conditions the `iuid cannot be transferred from one side of the dash pot cylinder to the other with suiicient rapidity lto permit the piston to move independently of the cylinder, it will be seen that the cylinder will be moved with the piston and swing the lever 219 toward the right away from the abutment 221 and thereby extend the spring 222. The action of the spring 222 will, however, gradually move the dash pot cylinder toward the right until the lever 219 contacts with the abutment 221.

rlhe motion of the dash pot cylinder is transmitted directly to the, rod 225. rlhe springs 266 tend to draw the plunger 268 downwardly, and when the portion 227 of the rod 225 is drawn out of the sleeve 228 by the movement of the dash pot cylinder above described, the pressure of the plunger 263 on the balls 270 will force the latter downwardly into the contracted portion of the cylinder 264 and thus move the line of the balls in the tube 268 so that the end ball in the sleeve 228 will be maintained in contact with the rod 227. When the speed 'of the motor is reduced the action of the mechanism will be reversed from that just described and the rod 227 will be moved farther into the sleeve 228', and this motion being transmitted throughout the line of balls in the tube 268 will force the small balls 270 and the plunger upwardlyand extend the springs 266.

By having the interior of the cylinder 264 of different diameters it will Abe observed that thev mass of small balls therein will act substantially as a liquid and that the movements of the plunger 267 will be greater than the corresponding movements of the plunger 263, the exact ratio of these movements being inversely as the squares of the diameters. The balls therefore act not only to transmit the stroke of the dash pot cylinder, but they also serve as a convenient means for reducing the movementof the plunger 263 corresponding to a given movement of`the cylinder 206. The movements of the piston 263 are transmitted to the sleeve 250 by means ofthe rod 261, and since the mechanism will move the sleeve in the same direction in which the valve 248 was moved. it will be seen that the ports 251 and 253 of the sleeve will be brought into alinement with the flanges of the valve 248 and prevent the iiuid from flowing to or from the servo-motor cylinder 200, thus interrupting the movement of the servo-motor piston and holding the latter and the needle valve 195 in a fixed position.

The normal speed of the motor may be changed by adjusting the valve 274 so as to increase or diminish the iiow through the port 27 8. lf the flow through this port is increased the pressure on the upper side of the piston 246 will be increased and the valve 248 moved downward. rThis will increase the flow through the ports 244 nand 245l and thereby equalize the forces acting on the opposite sides of the piston 246, thus holding the latter in a new position. rlhe lowering of the valve 248 will permit fluid to flow from the supply pipe 258 through the ports 252 and 253 of the sleeve and the pipe 260 into t-he left hand end of the servomotor cylinder. This will cause the servomotor piston 201 to move toward the right to slightly close the needle valve 195 and at the same time as above described will lower the sleeve 250 so that the ports 251 and 258 will again be closed by the valve 248. T he motor will therefore run at a lower normal speed.

When the valve 274 is moved so as to diminish the flow through the port 278 the mechanism will be actuated in the opposite sense and the speed of the motor raised.

By means of the motor 228 it is also possible to change the speed of the motor from the switchboard or any other convenient point. The motor 228 will be preferably of the reversible type, whereby the rod 225 may be screwed into or outA of the sleeve 224 and thus cause the line of balls in the tube 268 to be moved in one direction or the other. lf the rod 225 is screwed out of the sleeve 224 the plunger 268 and the sleeve 250 will be raised and the ports 251 and 253 will be uncovered and fluid permitted to flow through the pipe 260 into the left hand end of the servo-motor cylinder 200,

thus effecting a slight closing of the needle valve 195. When the rod 225 is screwed into the sleeve 224 the mechanism will, be operated in the opposite direction and the needle valve 195 opened so as to admit-an additional supply of water to the Inotor and thus increase the speed of the latter. It will therefore be seen that the normal speed of the motor may be conveniently regulated from any point by means of .the motor 228, or the speed may be regulated by means of the valve 274. lVhenever either of these adjusting devices have been s et to a given I position the mechanism will operate automatically to maintain the speedof the motor The motor 228 may ness of the-apparatus.

In yery large installations the servo-motor assumes a comparatively ,large size and therefore thepilot valve device-for operating the servo-motor must be correpondingly large in order to provide an apparatus of the required sensitivenes's. The size of the pilot valves in a large installation is such that they cannot' be actuated directly by the speed responsive element and therefore, in

. the mechanism just described, there is provided a pilot valve device for operating the main pilot valve.

In Figs. 4 to 8 I have shown another form of speed controlling mechanism associated with a water wheel having a shaft 280 andbuckets 281. Water is applied to the buckets by means of a nozzle .282 which is controlled by a needle valve 283. The nozzle 282 is secured to the nozzle body 284 and the latter may be secured to a supply conduit by means of a suitable liange 285. The needle valve 283 has a stem 286'which extends through al suitable stuiiing box 287 in the wall of the nozzle body 284. A rod 288 is secured to the outer end of the stem 286 and passes through suitable stufling'boxes in the heads of the servo-lnotor cylinder 289 and is connected with the piston 290. Beyond the carried by a shaft 304 which is mounted in j servo-motor cylinder 289 the rod 288 has a reduced portion 296 which extends through the head of the dash pot cylinder 292 and is connected with the dash pot piston 293.4

The servomotor cylinder 289 is preferably `secured to the nozzle body 284 and a supporting plate 294. The plate 294 carries' a bracket 295, to which the-lever 296 is connected by means of a pivot 297. The pivot 297 is adjustable in a suitable slot in the lever 296 and is also adapted to slide in a slot 298 in the bracket 295. The upper end of the lever 296 is connected with the rod 288 by means of a pivot 299. A rod 300 has one end connected with the lever 296 by means of a pivot 301 and has its other end bifurcated and connected with an arm 302 by means of a pivot 303. The arm 302 is suitable brackets 305 on the supporting plate 2 94. A

A rod 306 is connected with the dash pot cylinder 292 and extends into a sleeve 307 block 313 which is also arranged between the levers 310 and 311 and engaged thereby.

A frame 314 supports a pilot valve casing 315, in which is arranged a sleeve valve 316 and a piston valve 317, these valves coperating to control the servo-motor. The sleeve 316 is connected with a rod 318 which projects through the lower head of the casing 315 and has on its lower end a plunger 319 which is arranged in a cylinder 320.- The lower end of the cylinder 320 is provided with a bore in which is arranged a plunger 321 of considerably smaller diameter than the plunger 319. Thespace between the plungers 319 and 321 is filled with very small balls 322, the `latter acting in the manner of a liquid to transmit the move-1 ,ments of one of the plungers to the other. 'A lpipe 323 has one end connected with thel cylinder 320 in alinement with the bore in` the lower" end thereof and has its other end connectedywith the sleeve 307 in alinement with the bore in the latter, thus forming a continuous `conduit between the interior of the cylinder 320 and the sleeve 307. The space in this conduit between the end of the rod 306 and the lower end of the plunger 321 is filled with balls 324 which are slightly smaller in diameter than the interior of the pipe, whereby they arel adapted to move freely in the latter. The arrangement of the balls 322, the plunger 321 and the balls 324 constitute a means for rigidly connectthe movements of one are transmitted to the other, this construction being, preferably the same as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and described hereinabove. i

vA yoke 325 is varranged on the rod 318 and has connected therewith a pair of springs 326, the lower ends of'these springs being anchored to the frame 314. The means lfor controlling the servo-motor is `similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and ing the plunger 319 and the rod 306, whereby l comprises the casing 315 which is provided n The passage 328 is connected with a supply pipe 332, for the motive\luid for actuating the servo-motor, by means 'of a port 333.'

The causing 315 is preferably made in two sections and the upper section thereof has arranged therein a piston 334 which is connected with the valve 317 by means of a tubular extension 335. A port 336 leads from the port 333 and has a branch 337 whereby the pressure of the supply fluid is transmitted to the space below the piston 334. A port 338 connects the port 336 with the space above the piston 334 and is controlled by means of a valve 339;

The piston 334 has an upward extension 340 having ports 341 therein and a pilot valve 342 is slidably arranged on the eX- terior of this extension. rlhe valve 342 is provided with suitable ports 343 adapted to register with the ports. 341 in the extension 340.

The dash pot cylinder 292 is provided with a port 344 connecting the opposite ends of the cylinder and controlled by means of a suitable valve 345. ln the operation of the dash pot the cylinder is maintained full of oil, or other suitable fluid, which is transferred from one side of the piston toi the other by means of the movementsof the piston, the rate of Aflow of the oil being regulated by means of the valve 345.

The operation of the mechanism so far described is as follows:

rlhe pilot valve 342 is connected with and controlled by a governing mechanism which will be described later, and the movements of this valve, in response to the action ofthe governing mechanism, produce corresponding movements in the needle valve 283 and thus regulate the supply of water to the wheel.

Assuming that the wheel is running at normal speed under a steady load, the valve 283 will stand open a sufficient extent to supply the necessary amount of water and the ports 343 in the kpivot valve 342 will to a certain extent be in registration with the ports 341 in the extension 340 of the piston 334. -The area of the upper side of the piston 334 is considerably larger than the area of the lower side thereof as will be readily seen from the drawings so that the force tending to move the piston upward, due to y the pressure in the port 336, will be counterbalanced by a higher pressure on the upper side of the piston. Since the fluid which is supplied to the chamber above the piston passes through the port 338 and its flow is restricted by means of the valve 339 it will be seen that the pressure in the chamber above the piston will be controlled by the extent to which the ports 341 and 343 are in registration. The fluid' passing through these ports will pass downwardly through the piston and the'valve 317 into the chamber at the lower end of the valve casing and be discharged from the lat-ter by means of a suitable exhaust pipe 347.

y piston 334 will be increased and thereby overbalance the pressure acting on the lower side of the piston and move the later downwardly. Since the valve 317 is connected with the piston 334 the valve will also be moved downwardly and uncover the ports '327' and 329 putting the former in communication with the exhaust pipe 347 and y the latter in communication' with the supply pipe 332. The pressure fluid will therefore be admitted to one end of the servomotorcylinder throughthe pipe 331 and be discharged from the other end of the cylinder by means of the pipe 330. This'will cause the piston 290 to be moved in the direction to close the needle'valve 283, thereby diminishing the flow of water through the nozzle 282 and reducing the speed of the wheel. v

Wlhen the pilotyalve 342 is raised b y the governing mechanism the ports 341 and 343 will be brought into fuller registration and thereby decrease the pressure in the chamber above the piston 334 and cause the latter to be moved upwardly by the pressure acting on the lower side of the piston. The-valve 317 will thusl be raised and the ports 327 and 329 again uncovered. ln this instance,

however, the ports 329 are put into com-v munication with the exhaust pipe 347 and the ports 327 are put into communication with the supply pipe 332, thus supplying the pressure fluid through the pipe 330 to the opposite end of the servo-motor cylinder and thereby further opening the needlel valve 283 and permitting an increased quantity of water to flow through the nozzle its piston.. Under these circumstances the y dash pot cylinder will. be moved by the rod 300 and the levers 310 and 311', the spring 312 being strong enough to accomplish a circulation of. the fluid in the dash pot around the piston 293. pilot valve is shifted quickly for any reason, the movement of the dash pot piston will be correspondingly rapid andv in' this case the restriction of the flow of fluid from one end If, however, the

d ment ofthe sleeve 316 will be in -m'oved directly by be .considerably shorter owing to he fact that the distance between the pivots 297 v and 301 is only a fraction of the-distance 'between the pivots 297 and 299. The movements of the rod 300 are transmitted to the pair of levers 310 and 3 11 and from the latter to the rod 306. If the rod 306 is moved into the sleeve 307 the line ofballs 324 will be forced up into the cylinder 320 and raise i Th the plunger 319 and the sleeve 316 which is connected'therewith, and if the rod 306 is rawn outwardly in the sleeve 307 the movethe opposite direction.l Owing to the difference in areas of the plungers 319 and 321 it will be obvious that the plunger 319 will be moved only a fraction of the -distance to which the plunger 321 is moved, the exact ratio of the movements being in proportion to the squares of their diameters. In every instance the movement of the sleeve 316 will .be in the same direction as the corresponding movementJ of the valve 317 and therefore the ports 327 and 329 will be closed by the movement of the sleeve and the movement of the. servo-motor piston interrupted. By lthis arrangement the servo-motor piston will have a position corresponding to every position of the valve 317. v

When the movement of the servo-motor piston is gradual the dash pot cylinder is moved by means of the' levers 310 and 311, but-,when the movement, of the servo-motor piston is rapid the dash the dash'pot piston and the spring 312 take up any inequalities in the movements and 'eventually restore the parts to their proper position.

e 350 Awhich is For the purpose of actuating 'the pilot valve 342 I have7 provided amechanism which is responsive to changes of speed of the motor, to changes of voltage of the generatorv driven by the motorY and to Changes in the current output of the generator. This mechanism comprises a shaft mounted in bearings 351 and 352 carried byla table 353 which is preferably4 supported on the upper end of the pilot valve casing 315. The shaft .350 is provided with a driving pulley 354 by means of which it may be driven from the motor shaft by a belt 355. has a threaded bore which engages the screw threads 350 on the shaft 350 and is connected with a collar 357 4which vis rigidly secured to the shaft 350 by means of a helical spring 358 surrounding the shaft. A

pot cylinder will be.

motor shaft' 28o A fly wheel 356 bell'crankyaw is mounted en a pivot-360 carried by brackets 361 on the table 353, and has one arm provided with a yoke 362 hav- -lng 'trunnions which engage a suitable groove 363 in the hub of the fly wheel 356. The other arm of the bell crank is connected with the upper end of a rod 364 by means of links 365. The lower end of the rod 364 is secured to the pilot valve 342. A solenoid consisting of the coils 366 and 367 and the core 368 is mounted on the table 353 beneath the fly wheel 356. Pole lpieces 369 and 370 are secured to the ends of the core 368 and have upwardly extending portions with curved inne-r faces arranged adjacent the periphery of the fly wheel 356. ese curved faces of thepole pieces and the periphery of the fly wheel 356 are provided with. the serrations 371 and 372 respectively.

The generator which is driven by the motor is diagrannnatically shown and indicated at G. he main conductors of the generator G are indicated by the numerals i 373 and 374. The conductors 375 and 376 lead to the solenoid coil 367 and in one of these conductors isarranged af suitable adjustable resistance 377. A resistance 378 is arranged in the conductor 374 so that the current generated will pass through this resistance. The terminals of the resistance 378 are connected with the solenoid coil 366 by means of theconductors 379 and 380.

A bracket 381 vis 369 and carries an electromagnet 382, the armature 383 of which is pivoted at 384 and rigidly connected with a brake shoe 385. A spring 386 tends to swing the brake shoe 385 into contact with the periphery of the ductors 387 and 388.

The operation of the nism is as follows:

-The shaft 350 being drivenl from the times in direct proportion to the speed of the latter and the Hy wheel 356 will be normally driven at the same speed as the shaft by means of the spring 358. If the .motor increases in speed, for any reason, the speed of the shaft 350 will be correspondingly increased and the inertia of the fly wheel 356 will cause the latter to lag somewhat behind the shaft, the difference in speed being. taken up by the spring 358. This lagging of. the 4fly-wheel 356 which results in the shaft 350 rotating relative tothe {iy wheel vcauses'theflatter to be movedendwise of the shaft on account of the screw' threaded connection therewith. The direction of r0 tation of the vshaft 350is indicated by the arrow at the end thereof and from this and the description of the screwl threads it will secured to the pole pieceA will have a speed at all governing mechabe seen that when the Hy wheel lags behind as to lbwer the pilot valve 342.

the shaft it will be moved toward the right, Fig. 5 and thus rock the bell crank 359 so The lowerdescribed ing of the pilot valve as has been e moved causes the needle valve 283 to toward the closed position, thereby reducing the supply of water to the motor and causing a reduction in the speed of the motor.

If on the other hand the motor slows down in speed the Hy wheel 356 will have a tendency to continue at the high speed 0f rotation and will therefore move endwise on the shaft 350 toward the left, Fig. 5. This will cause the pilot valve 342 to be raised and thus effect an opening of the needle valve 283 in the manner hereinbefore described.

Since the coil 367 of the solenoid is con nected directly across the terminals yof the generator it H'owing through the coil will be in accor ance with the voltage of the generator, it being understood of course that the resistance 377 remains constant. The purpose of this resistance is to regulate the current which is supplied to the coil 367. The coil 367 magnetizes the pole pieces 369 and 37 0,

-which have a retarding eHect upon the Hy wheel 356, the serrations in the periphery of the Hy wheeland on the faces of thepole pieces being for the purpose of accentuating this retarding effect. As the retardation of the Hy wheel is directly proportional tothe circumferential speed of the Hy wheel the position of the wheel on the shaft 350 willbe determined by its speed and therefore if the voltage either rises or falls the retardation will be effected and-the wheel rotated in .one direction or the other relative vto the .shaft 350. This relative rotation will cause the wheel to be moved endwi'se of the shaft and actuate the pilot valve 342. The arrangement of the parts is such that an increase in voltage will move the Hy wheel toward the right and diminish the supply of water to the wheel and thereby reduce its speed, and a decrease in voltage will permit the sprlng 358 to rotate the wheen relative to the shaft so that it will be moved toward the left .and thereby raise the pilot valve 342 and increase the supply of water to the wheel. i

The coil 366`of the solenoid which is connected to the terminals of the resistance 378 'acts differentially with respect to the coil 367. Whenthe current through the conductors 373 and 37 4 increases the current in the v diminished, thus reducing the retardation of the wheel 356. This permits tle wheelA to 'bei rotated on the'shaft 350 by the spring 358 f andfthus x`nove'towardA the left andcause the isv i.;

needle valve to be further opened to increase the changes in load enough and the speed of the motor. Similarly a decrease in the current Howing in the conductors 373 and 3711 will decrease the current in the coil 366 and diminish the diHerential actionof If for any reason current should cease to How from the generator the electro magnet 4 382 would be demagnetized andthe spring 386 would throw the brake 385 into engagement withv the periphery of the Hy wheel 356 and prevent the latter from moving in the'direction to open the needle valve and would therefore prevent yover-speeding of the motor. will be seen that the current c.

In the normal operation of the generator may be manifested by changes in voltage and in the current output, and therefore it will be seen that the governing mechanism which I have devised will be responsive to these changes and operate the needle valve to vary the quantity of Dwater supplied .to the wheel before the wheel has changed in speed as` a result of the change in load. If, however, the generator is suddenly subjected to a very large change in load the Vmagnetic action on the Hy wheel 356 wouldnot be effective enough and a change in the speed of the motor would take place. Under these circumstances the change .in/speed of the motor brings into action the inertia effect of the Hy wheel 356 and the needle valve is shifted in the required direction an amount .corresponding to the change in speed. On ac-` count of the masses of the needle valve' the parts connected therewith and also the masses of the pressure Huid in the pipes 330 and 331 a certain time would elapse before the effect of the governing action would be produced at the wheel, unless means were provided for obviating this delay, and therefore over-regulation or racing would take place. I avoid overgoverning or racing by introducing the dash pot device inothe connection with the servo-motor piston and the rod 306- and as a result of the action of this dash pot the stroke of the valve sleeve 316 is Athe servo-motor piston the dash pot Huid cannot pass through the port 344 rapidly therefore an excess of pressure will be ,created on' one side ofthe dash pot piston which will cause the dash pot cylinder to follow the stroke of the piston against the tension of the spring 312, butl the spring will afterward'bring the dash potcylinder back to its final position according to the stroke of the rod 300.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination Eof a controlling element, means for automatically operating said controlling element, and comprising a member movable in accordance with the movement of said controlling element, and means for so moving said member comprising a conduit and a series.' of contacting rigid bodies in said conduit adapted to be moved longitudinally thereof as a unit.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination, of a controlling element, means lfor automatically operating said controlling element and comprising a member movable in accordance With the movements of said controlling element, and meansvfor so moving said inember and comprising a conduit having portions of different internal diameters and a series of, contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit, said bodies being of dil'erentl sizes With the smaller of said b'odies arranged in the portion of said conduit having the larger internal diameter. y

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element and means for operating said controlling element, and comprising a motor, and means for controlling said motor including a conduit and a series of contacting rigid bodies in said conduit adapted to be moved as a unit to actuate a portion of said controlling means.

4. In .an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means'for automatically operating said controlling element, including a member adapted to be moved in accordance With the move- .ments ofl said controlling element, and

means for so moving said member comprising a conduit-having portions of diii'erent internal diameters and a series of contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit, said bodies being of different sizes and the smaller size being arranged in the portion vof the conduit having a larger internal diameter,`a plunger connected with said member and arranged Within the portion of the conduit having a larger internal diameter, whereby the plunger is adapted to be moved longitudinally of said conduit by said bodies.

5. In an apparatus'of the class described, the combinationl of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element, and means for automatically con-roiling said operating means and including a member movable in accordance with the movement of said controllingV element, a conduit, a plunger connected with said member and arranged at one end of saidV conduit, means normally tending to'move said plunger into said conduit, a plunger at the oppositeend of said conduit, a series of contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit between said plungers whereby the movement of one plunger is transmitted directly to the other, and means whereby the second plunger is moved by said controlling element.

6. In an apparatus of the class described,

'the combination of a controlling element,

means for operating said controlling element, and means for controlling said operating means and including a member movable in accordance with the movement of said controlling element, a conduit, a plunger connected with said member and arranged in one end of said conduit, means normally tending to move.said plunger into said conduit, a plunger vat the other end of said conduit, a series of contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit, with the end members of' Said series engaging said plungers, and means connecting said second plunger and said controlling element and adapted to move said plunger directly With said controlling element whenv the latter moves rapidly and to move said plunger indirectly duit having its end portions of different internal diameters, a plunger connected directly With/ said member and arranged in the larger end of said conduit, a second plunger arranged in the smaller end of said conduit and connected with said controlling element, a series of contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit between sald plungers, said bodies being of different slzes with the smaller size arranged in the por- ,f

tion of the conduit having the larger internal diameter, and means normally tending to move said first plunger into said conduit.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element, and means for automatically controlling said operating means and comprislng a member movable in accordance With the movements of said controlling element, and means for so moving said member and comprising a dash-pot device adapted to move said member directly with said controlling element when the latter moves rapidly and indirectly and to a less distance when the controlling element moves slowly. l

9. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element and means for automatically controlling said operating means, and including a member movable in accordance with the movements of the controlling element and 'an adjustable dash-pot device adapted to move said member directly withthe controlvling element when the latter moves rapidly scopic members, and-means adapted to be controlled from a distance for moving one fofsaid telescopic members into or out of .the other.

11. In an apparatus ofthe class described, the combinationof a controlling element,

` means for operating said controlling element, and means for automatically controlling said operating means, and including a member movable in accordance with the movements of said controlling element, and means `for connecting said member with said controllingelement and including a dashpot having a cylinder ,and piston, means connecting one of the elements of the dashpot with the controlling element, means connecting the other of the `elements of the dash-pot with said member, a pair of levers mounted 0n iXed pivots and normally engaging the part movable with said member, spring means for normally'holding said levers against said part and a rod connected with said element and adapted to move one of said levers directly with the controlling 'element when the latter moves in one direction and the other lever directly with the 'controlling element when the latter moves to the. opposite direction.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element and means for automatically control- 'ling said operating means and including a member movable in accordance with the movements of said element and means for movingsaid member and including a dashpot having a cylinder and piston, a rod connecting said piston directly with said controlling element, means .connecting the dashpot cylinder with said member, whereby the member-is moved'in accordance with the pot cylinder, spring. means normally tending to drawv said levers together, and a rod pivotally connected with said first mentioned lever and so connected with said pair of levers that one of said pair of levers is positively moved by` the rod when the latter moves in one direction and the other of said levers is positively moved by the rod when the latter moves in the latter direction.

13. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element, and means forcontrolling said oper-` ating means and including a member movable in accordance with the movements of the controlling element, and a member cooperating therewith, a piston connected with said second member and adapted to move the same, means for supplying fluid pressure to the opposite sides of said piston, and means for regulating the pressure on one side of said piston so as to move the latter by the difference in pressure on the two sides thereof.

14. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element and means for controlling said operating means'and including a member movable in accordance with the movements of the controllingelement, and a member coperating therewith, a piston connected with said second mentioned member and adapted to move the same, means for supplyingfluid pressure to the opposite sides of said piston, means for discharging the pressure fluid from one side, and means for regulatingsaid discharging means so as to move the piston by the difference in the pressurenn the two sides thereof.

15. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element, and means for controlling said operating means and including a member movable in accordance with the movements of the controlling element, and a s econd member coperating therewith, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder and connected with said second member for moving the latter, one side of said piston being of greater area than the other, means for supplying fluid ypressure to the opposite sides of,'said piston,

means for discharging the pressure fluid from the .larger side of` said piston, and means for automatically regulating said discharging means to control the pressure on the larger side of the piston.

16. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling element, and means for controlling said operf ating meansand including a member movable in accordance with the movements of the controlling elementfand a second inem- Huid pressure tothe opposite sides of said piston, yand means coperating with said tubular extension to control the pressure on' 10 the larger side of the piston.

17. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a controlling element, means for operating said controlling elef/ment, and means for controlling said oper- 1,5 ating means and including a' member mova tubular extension on the larger side of said piston, means for supplying able in accordance with the movements of l the controlling element, and a second member coperating therewith,V a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder and connected with said second member for operating the latter, said pistonbeing of larger area on one side than the other, a tubular extension on the larger side of said piston, fluid pressure` to the opposite sides of said piston, a sleeve slidable on said tubular extension and coperating therewith to control the pressure on thelarger side of said piston, and means for'moving said sleeve'.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

WILLIAM A. DOBLE.

means for'supplying"

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