US1368983A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

A. A. BRUDER.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, L920- LfifigfiSSw Patented Feb. 15, 1921;

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FURNACE.

APPLlCATlON FILED APR. 10, 1920.

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ALBERT A. BRUDER, HOLLY, MICHIGAN.

FURNACE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 15, 1921.

Application filed April 10, 1920. Serial No. 372,741.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT A. BRUDER, a citizen of the United States of America, residin at Holly, in the county of Oakland and btate of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to furnaces and more-particularly to that class wherein coal or solid fuel is burned for heating cold air admitted to the furnace and the resulting hot air distributed to compartments to be heated.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a furnace of the aboveclass wherein positive and reliable means are employed, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, for producing a siphonic action in a combustion chamber and conducting the products of combustion through the fire and fuel so as to produce a draft, insure a thorough burning of the fuel, and also burning of any gases and particles not previously consumed. In re-conducting the products of combustion to the fire chamber soot and solid particles of matter are retarded therein and consumed, thus preventing flues and chimneys from being burned out, clogged or otherwise placed in a condition not conducive to a thorough draft and exhaust.

' Another object of my invention is to provide a furnace with a large heating drum which will cooperate with the combustion chamber and flues within the furnace in providing a maximum air heating surface against which cold air may impinge and be thoroughly heated prior to entering compartments to be heated by the furnace. The drum, combustion chamber and fiues are compactly assembled and provislon is made for sufficient moisture in the heated air supplied by the furnace.

I A further object of my invention is to fur- .nish a furnacewith dampers and regulating meanstherefor so that products of combustion may exhaust direct to the atmosphere or may be circulated through the lire box and indirectly reach the atmosphere, the

first instance being advantageous during firing'of the furnace and the latter instance conduclveto an economical operatlon of the furnace. 1

Iattain the above and other objects by a fuel economizing structure wherein the parts are constructed with a view of reducing the cost of manufacture and at the same time retain those features by which durability and ease of assembling and operation are secured. 1th such ends in view my invention resides in the novel construction to' be hereinafter described and then claimed, and reference will now be had to the drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a front elevation of the furnace;

' Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the furnace, and

Fig. t is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

The furnace comprises an outer casing 1 which is oval in horizontal section and said casing has a closed top 2 provided with one or more hot air exhaust flues 3 which may lead to the compartments to be heated. The bottom of the casing 1 has one or more cold air inlet openings 4: admitting air to the bottom of the casing into a horizontal chamber 5 formed by the bottom of said casing and a horizontal partition 6 therein, said partition having openings 7 admitting cold air to the upper part of the casing.

On the partition 6 at one side of the casing 1 is a receptacle 8 containing water 9 and access is had to said receptacle through a doorway normally closed by a door 10. The receptacle 8 may be in the form of a drawer detachably or inovably arranged in the casing 1 and'the water within the receptacle supplies sufficient moisture to air heated in the casing 1.

The partition 6 has another opening providing clearance for the ash pit or box 11 of a combustion chamber 12 which extends upwardly in the casing 1 and has a closed top or dome 13.. The combustion chamber structure is oval in horizontal section with its major axis at a right angle to the major axis of theoval casing 1, and in the com bustion chamber is a grate frame 1 1 having tiltable grate bars 15 cooperating with the frame 14 in supporting fuel 16 which is placed in the combustion chamber through a doorway frame 17, carried by the front wall of the furnace casing 1 and provided with a conventional form of hinge door 18. The front wall of the casing 1 also has a door frame 19 and a door 20 for the ash pit 11 the door 20 being provided with a conventional form of damper 21 which when open causes a draft through the ash pit to the fuel 16. In

addition to the door frames 17 and19 there is a damper frame 22 above the frame 17 said damper frame having an adjustable hinged damper 23 connected to a conventional form of damper regulating mechanism 2 1 which permits of the damper 23 being adjusted at a point remote from the furnace. The damper frame 22 communirates with the combustion chamber 12 and is adapted to cooperate with the damper 21 in regulating a draft through the fuel 16 and the intensity of the fire maintained by the ignited fuel.

At one side of the combustion chamber 12 is a down flue 25 having its upper end communicating with the upper portionof the combustion chamber 12 and its lower end communicating with the fire box or chamber holding the fuel 16. The lower end of the down flue 25 is flared, as at 26 so as to communicate with the greater part of the fire chamber, and extending in to the upper end of the down flue 25 is a tubular air siphon member 27 which has its inner end axially of the-upper end of the down flue 25 and its outer end mounted in the wall of the combustion chamber 12 so as tocOmmunicate with the interior of the furnace casing 1 and receive air therefrom. The air siphon member 27 is arranged against the wall of the combustion chamber, 12, as best shown in Fig. 4, so as not to retard or baflie products of combustion passing upwardly in the combustion chamber 12 into the down flue 25. The air admitted to the upper end. of the down flue 25, by the tubular air siphon member 27 produces a suction about the inner end of said member whereby the products of combustion will be drawn into the down flue 25 during a certain operation of the furnace. Y

At that side of the combustion chamber 12 opposite the down flue 25 is a drum 28 which is also oval in cross section with its major axis parallel to the major axis of'the combustion chamber 12. The drum 28 is supported by an upper flue 29, a lower flue 30 and an exhaust flue 31. The upper flue 29 establishes communication between the upper endsof the combustion chamber 12 and the drum 28 q the lower flue 30 establishes communication between the fire box andthe lower end of the drum 28, and the exhaust flue 31 establishes communication between the drum 28 and the atmosphere. The lower flue 30 is flared similar to the lower end of the down flue 25, and in the exhaust flue 31 is located a conventional form of damper 32.

Another damper33 is located in the upper flue 29 andsaid damper has its pivot rod 34 extending out of the front wall of the furnace casing 1 and provided with a crank The damper 33 is gravity'closing and is opened by an arm 36 on a rock shaft 37, carried by. the front wall of the furnace casing 1, and actuated by the door 18 striking a crank 38 on said shaft when the door is opened. The elements'34; to 38 inclusive are a fair example of mechanisms for causing a damper adjustment simultaneous with the opening and closing of a fire box door.

Consideringthe operation of the furnace, the damper 32 is normally open or partially so, and when the door 18 is closed the damper 33 is closed preventing the escape of the products of combustion from the chamber 12 other than through the down flue 25 in which a siphonic action is produced by the air siphon member The products of combustion are caused to pass through the fuel 16 or the fire maintained thereby and through the lower flue 30 into the drum 28 before finally exhausting through the flue 31. It is now apparent that the circulation of the products of combustion heats the large wall area of the combustion chamber 12, the drum 28 and the various flues so that there will be a maxi-mum heated surface against which cold air may impinge and be heated before entering-the flues 3. By circulatingthe products ofcombustion through the fuel 16 all inflammable gases and particles may be ignited and a comparatively clean final exhaust provided for the furnace. so that a small sized chimney. can serve the furnace. The passage of the products of combustion through the fuel contributes to a hot fire and the ignition of poor grades of fuel without any danger of the fire being smothered and excessive smoke. An even temperature can be maintained by proper regulation of the dampers and the caloric value of the furnace, with a given quantity of fuel is materially and comparatively increased. 1

When the door 18 is opened to place additional fuel in the furnace the damper 33 is also opened so that there will be a direct draft from the combustion chamber 12 through the upper flue 29 and the upper portion of the drum 28: into the exhaust flue 31, thus preventing a back draft through the door frame 17. I V. r I attachconsiderahle importance to the shape of the combustion chamber 12 and the drum 28 within the furnace casing 1 as the combustion'chamber afi'ords'a maximum fire box area'and cooperates with the drum' in providing a maximum heated surface for the heating of air encountering the chamber and drum. 3 i

It is thought that the operation and utility of the furnace will be apparent without fur: ther description, and while in the drawing there is illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the structural elements are susceptible to such variations and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:-

l. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber having a fire box, a drum having its upper end communicating with the upper end of the combustion chamber and its lower end communicating with the fire box thereof, a down flue establishing communication between said fire box and the upper end of said combustion chamber, and means extending into said down flue adapted to produce a draft therein so products of combustion are caused to pass into said fire box and said drum.

2. A furnace as characterized in claim 1, wherein said means is carried by a wall of said combustion chamber and has a concentric relation to the upper end of said down fiue.

3. A furnace comprising a casing, a combustion chamber therein having a fire box, a drum in said casing having its ends coinmunicating with said combustion chamber, a down flue having its ends communicating with said combustion chamber, and means associated with said down flue and said drum to cause products of combustion to travel from the upper end of said combustion chamber through said down flue and the fire box of said combustion chamber into said drum.

4:. A furnace as characterized in claim 3, wherein said casing is oval in horizontal section and said drum and combustion chamber are oval in horizontal section with themaj or axes thereof parallel and at an angle to the major axis of said oval casing.

5. A furnace comprising a casing, a combustion chamber therein having a fire box, a drum in said casing having its ends communicating with sald combustion chamber, a down flue having its ends communicating with said combustion chamber, means associated with said down flue and said drum to cause products of combustion to travel from the upper end of said combustion chamber through said down flue and the fire box of said combustion chamher into said drum, and means operatable at the upper end of said combustion chamher for causing the products of combustion to pass direct into said drum when the furnace is fired.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT A. BRUDER.

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