US1367804A - Starting and lighting system - Google Patents

Description

T. R. DU BOIS.

STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.28| I9I6. RENEWED JUNE 23. I920.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

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STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG.28, 191s. RENEWED JUNE 23. I920- 1,367,804. Patented Feb. 8,1921.

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THOMAS R. DU 3018, OF NTAGARA FALLS,

HEAT CORPORATION, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW- YORK.

Application and August '28, 1916, Serial in. 117,190. Renewed m.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, \THOMAS R. Du 1301s, a citizen of the United States, residing at Niagara Falls, in the county of Niagara and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Starting and Lighting Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to starting and lighting systems.

In certain starting and lighting systems for automobiles, it has been proposed to use dynamoelectric machines havlng both motoring and generating functions, which machines are provided with a plurality of winding circuits connected in parallel during the motoring operation for the purpose of delivering a high torque, certain of which circuits are out out during the generat ng operation. The present invention relates to im rovements in systems of this variety.

Sne object of thepresent invention is to provide an engine starting and lighting system involving dynamo-electric machinery having both motoring and generating functions which will re-start the automobile engine if it tends to stall.

A further object is to provide a starting and lighting system for automobiles involving in a novel manner a non-stall switch whereby .the automobile engine will be restarted if it tends to stall.

In certain non-stall systems for automobiles, there is a wide range of speed within which the storage battery will tend to drive the automobile through the engine crank shaft, resulting in a severe drain on the battery. A further object of the present invention is to minimize this drain.

Further objects will be apparent as the description proceeds.

Referring now to the drawings- Figure 1 represents one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 represents a modified embodiment.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the numeral 1 represents a dynamo-electric machine having both motoring and generating functions. The dynamo-electric machine illustrated'in Fig. 1 is of the type described and claimed in the a plication for United States Letters Patent Serial No. 856,805, filed August 14,

Specification o1 Letters'Patent.

NEW. YORK, ASSIGNOR To U. s. LIGHT c STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921. 2a, 192o. Serial No. 391,157.

1914, by LewisW. Nelson, or the modification thereofdescribed and claimed in the application for United States Letters Patent Serial N 0. 29,067, filed May 19, 1915, by Wil- 11am A. Turba no and Thomas R. Du Bois, said dynamo-e ectric machine comprising a stationary field magnet 2, herein illustrated as a 6-pole magnet. Surrounding said field magnet 1s a rlng-wound rotatable armature 3. Cooperating with the ring winding of the armature are six fixed brushes, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, of these brushes, 4, 6 and 8 are of like polarity, illustrated as positive, whereas the Intermediate brushes 5, 7 and9 are of the opposite polarity. Brushes- 4, 6 and 8 are connected by a conductor of low resistance whereby said brushes will be of the same potential. Brushes 5 and 9 are also connected by a conductor of low whereby said brushes 5 and 9 will be of the same potential. The field magnet is provided with six salient poles, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Of these'poles, poles 10, 11, 12,113 and 14 are provided with a series field, windmg 10*, connected in series with the outside circuit of the dynamo-electric machine. Pole 15 is provided with a shunt winding 15- which is illustrated as being connected between one terminal 16 of the series winding on the pole 14 and the negative brush 7. The terminal 16 of the series winding is connected bymeans of a conductor 17 with the ositive terminal of the storage battery 18.

he negative side of the battery is connected to the negative brushes of the dynam0-elec-.

trio machine through circuits which are presently to be described. Across the terminals of the storage battery 18 is a lighting circuit 19.

Connected to the negative brushes 5 and 9 is the conductor 20, leading tothe fixed contact 21. Cooperating with the fixed contact 21 is the fixed contact 22. These contacts are adapted to be bridged by the switch 23. Said switch 23 is adapted to be operated by .the magnetic core 24 which is responsive to the energization of the winding 25. The conductor 26 connects the negative side of the storage battery with the fixed contact 22.

Connected with the negative brush 7 is a conductor 27 leading to the pivot point 28 of a manually operable switch 29. Cooperat-ing with the switch 25) are two fixed contacts 30 and 31. Contact 30 is connected by the conductor 32 to one side of the winding 25, the other side of said winding being connected to the conductor 26.

A magneto for supplying the engine ignition is representedby the numeral 33. When the switch 29 is thrown into contact with contact 31, the magneto 33 will be short-circuited and rendered inoperative.

When the operator desires to start the automobile engine, not shown, he will close the switch 29 on contact 30, thereby completing a circuit from the positive side of the storage battery, through the conductor 17 to the point 16, through the shunt field winding to the conductor 27, through switch conductor 32. winding 25 and conductor 26, back to the negative side of the storage battery. From the point 16, current will also pass through series winding 10 to the brushes 6 and S to the brush 7. passing through the coils of the ring-wound armature interposed between brushes (5 and T and 8 and 7. From the brush 7 current will pass through the switch 2 and winding 25, back to the negative side of the storage battery. The passing of current through the winding will close the "Ail-l1 23 on the contacts 21 and 22. In additi: n to the circuits just traced, cu rent will now pass over the following circuit: from the positive side of the storage battery to the point 16, through the serie winding 10 to the brushes 4, 6 and 3 and through the intervening coils of the ring-woiuid armature to the negative brushes 5 and 9. thence passing through conductor 20, switch 23 to the negative side of the storage battery. All of the armature coils v. ill now be energized in parallel circuits, and the series winding 10 will be connected in parallel with the shunt winding 15 The parallel circuits will act cumulatively to develop a high torque for starting purposes. After the automobile engine becomes self-actuating, it will drive the dynamo-electric machine as a generator, developing a voltage across positive brushes (3 and 6 and negative brush 7. The field energization of the dynamo-electric machine will be derived from the shunt coil 15 and the E. M. F. developed will be the algebraic sum of the E. M. F.s developed in the armature coils between brushes 6 and 8. The energization due to the series field winding 10 will be practically' negligible, for the reason that the amperage, when the machine is operating as a generator, will be relatively small and the series winding will be composed of a relatively small number of turns. Further more. the E. M. Es developed in the coils of the ring-wound armature. except those adiaccnt the shunt wound pole, will cancel out.

due to the alternate arran ement of positive and negative field poles. The particular dynamo-electric machine illustrated will have a valuable self-regulatingaction, but as such regulating action constitutes no part of the present invention, no explanation will be given herein of said regulating action.

through a circuit extending from'the positive brushes 6 and 8 through the series winding 10 to the point 16, conductor 1?, storage battery 18, winding 25, conductor 32, switch 29, to negative brush 7. The coils in the arc including brushes 6, 5, 4, 9 and 8. it will be noted, are out of circuit at this time.

Should the automobile engine tend to stall, resulting in a material decrease in speed of the dynamo-electric machine, current will pass from the storage battery through the dynamo-electric machine and winding back to the storage battery, acting to again close switch 23 and again energize all the coils to operate the dynamo-electric machine as a Inortor to start the automobile engine.

The operator will leave the switch 29 in contact with the contact 30' as long as he desires his engine to operate. Then be desires to stop his engine, he will swing switch 2-9 out of contact with contact 30 and into contact with contact 31, thereby opening the circuit of the dynamo-electric machine and closing a short circuit around the magneto 33, thereby rendering said magneto inoperative.

It will be noted from the above description that while the dynamo-electric machine is operating as a generator to charge the storage battery and supply the lighting circuit 19, the switch 23 will be open. The Winding 25 will be so designed that it will be unable to close the switch 23 while the charging current is passing therethrough. The discharging current from the storage battery to the dynamo-electric machine will be much heavier than the charging current. Actuated by such discharging current, the winding 25 will be sufiiciently energized to close said switch 23.

The manner in which the embodiment of the present invention disclosed in Fig. 1 will minimize the drain on the storage battery will now be explained. By Way of example it may be assumed that the dynamoelectric machine will be operative to suppl'" the battery and the lights when the automobile is running at a speed of ten miles an hour or more. It may also be assumed that the engine Wlll tend to stall when the speed, on high gear, is reduced to two miles per hour. In the non-stall systems now in use, though there 1s no necessity for drawing on the battery between the speeds of two and ten miles per hour, the battery will be discharging current to the dynamo-electric machine to drive same as a motor, thus helping to drive the automobile-an uneconomical procedure. According to the present invention, the w nding 25 may be designed to close the swltch 23 only when the automobile speed is reduced to nearly two miles per hour. Between the speeds of two and ten miles per hour, therefore, the greater part of the parallel armature circuits will be cut out of circuit and the battery may discharge through. only the armature windings embraced by brushes 6, 7 and 8. Only when the engine tends to stall and'needs energy from the battery will the switch 23 close to throw in circuit the parallel branches of the armature windings. The figures chosen, it will be understood, are taken merely by way of example.

Referring now to the embodiment of the invention disclosed in Fig. 2, a different type of dynamo-electric machine is represented. The dynamo electric machine shown in Fig. 2 is of the type described and claimed in an application of Willi-am A. Turbayne for United States Letters Patent No. 7, 586, filed February 11, 1915. The dynamo-electric machine is provided with two armatures, one of which for convenience, may be referred to as a generator .armature and the other of which may be referred to as a motor armature. Under motoring conditions, said armatures are energized in parallel circuits and act cumulatively through suitable transmission means to supply a high torque for starting pur-. poses. Under generating conditions, only the generator armature is employed, the motor armature being open-circuited and suitable means being provided whereby the motor armature is thrown out of driving relation with said generator armature. The dynamo-electric machine is provided with a field frame 3 1 and two armatures 35 and 36. Thearmature '35 will be provided with a lowresistance winding and is the one above referred to as the motor armature. The armature 36 will be provided with a high resistance winding and is the one referred to above as the generator armature. The

field frame 34 is provided with series coils 37, 37. Connected across the brushes of the high resistance generator armature 36 is a shunt field winding 38. A bucking coil 39 is connected.in the charging circuit to out down the field excitation as the current outlow resistance motor armature to the posi tive side of the storage battery 18.

When the operator desires to start the automobile engine in-the embodiment of the invention disclosed in Fig. 2, he will close switch 29 on the contact 30, thus completing a circuit from the positive side of the storage battery 18 through high resistance armature 36 and shunt winding 38 in parallelto the point 40, thence through the bucking coil 39 (which will now act cumulatively with shunt coil 38), switch 29 and winding 25 to the negative side of the storage battery. The flow of current through winding 25 will be suflicient to close the switch 23, thereby completing a second circuit as fol lows-from the positive side of the storage battery, through low resistance armature 35, series field windings 37, 37, contact 21, switch 23, contact 22, to the negative side of the storage battery. The two armatures, it will be noted, are now connected in parallel and will act cumulatively to supply a high torque to start the automobile engine. As the engine becomes self operative, it will. drive the high resistance generator armature 36 to set up an opposing-E. M. F. 'to the E. -M. F. of the battery. The resulting decreased energization of the winding 25 will cause the switch 23 to open, thereby opening the circuit through series winding 37 and low resistance armature 35. The armature 36 will supply the charging current through winding 25 to charge the storage battery and to supply the lighting circuit 19. The field excitation will be supplied by the shunt field coil 38, regulation being accomplished by the bucking coil 39-. If the engine should tend to stall, resulting in a slowing down of the armature 36, the battery will send a sufiiciently high current through winding 25 to close switch 23, again causing the dynamo-electric machine to act as a motor to start the automobile engine.

The example cited above relative to Fig. 1, will apply also to the embodiment disclosed in Fig. 2. Assuming, as before, that the dynamo-electric machinery will be operative to charge the battery when the automobile is running at a speed of ten miles an hour and that the engine will tend to stall when the automobile. running on high gear, is running at two miles per hour, there :will be the range of speeds between two and ten miles per hour during which the dynamo-electric machinery is developing insufficient voltage to overcome the back E. M. F. of the battery, but during which the engine is perfectly operative to drive the car. According to the present mvention, during such period only the high resistance armature circuit 36 will be connected to the battery, the low resistance parallel armature circuit 35 being disconnected bythe switch 23. In practice, the discharge through said high resistance armature circuit will be so low as to be negligible.

Two embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail to illustrate its adaptability to two types of dynamo-electric machinery. The invention may take various forms and may be applied to other types of dynamo-electric machinery 1n which a portion of the windings are used to furnish current, which windings are used cumulatively with the remaining windings under motoring conditions. It is desired to cover in this case all modifications that fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is- 1. In a starting and charging system in combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating and motoring functions, a storage battery, said dynamo electric machinery having armature windings adapted to be connected to said storage battery for starting purposes andmeans connected in series between said battery and part only of said armature windings for connecting said battery across all of said armature windings.

2. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having a plurality of armature circuits, a storage battery and means responsive to a predetermined motoring current delivered to said machinery by said battery to connect all of said armature circuits in circuit with said battery, said means being biased to disconnect certain of said circuits from said battery.

3. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having a plurality of armature circuits adapted to be connected in parallel, a storage battery and means responsive to a relatively heavy motoring current delivered to said machinery by said battery to connect all said armature circuits in circuit with said battery, said means being biased to disconnect certain of said circuits from said battery.

4. In combination, dynamo electric machinery, adapted to perform either motormg or generating functions, said machinery being provided with a plurality of armature exciting means, all of which are operative during motoring and only part of which are operative during generating, a storage battery and means responsive to the difference of potential between said machinery and said battery for governing the remainder of said armature exciting means.

5. In combination, dynamo electric machinery adapted to perform either motoring mining whether or not said armature cir-' cuits shall act accumulatively.

6. In combination, dynamo electric machinery adapted to perform either motoring or generating functions said machinery being provided with a plurality of arms.- ture exciting means adapted to act cumulatively during the motoring period but only part of which is adapted to be operative during the generating period, a storage battery connected to said machinery and means for rendering the remainder operative should the E. M. F. developed by said ma: chinery fail.

7. In combination, dynamo electric machinery adapted to perform either motoring or generating functions, said machinery being provided with a plurality of armature exciting means adapted to act cumulatively during the motoring period but only part of which is adapted to be operative during the generating period, a storage battery connected to said machinery and means connected in series between said machinery and said storage battery for renderin the remainder operative should the E. F. de veloped by said machinery fail.

8. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating and motor- I ing functions and provided with a plurality of armature circuits, a storage battery and means responsive to the difference of otential between said battery and the E. F. set up by certain circuits for connecting said battery to deliver motoring current to all of said circuits.

9. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating and motorinfg functions and provided with a plurality o armature exciting circuits which act cumulatively under motoring conditions but of which only a portion are operative under generating conditions, a storage battery and means responsive to the voltage produced by said portion for governing the remainder of said circuits.

10. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating and motoring functions and provided with a plurality of armature exciting circuits which act cumulatively under motoring conditions but of which only a portion are operative under means in series between said machinery and generating conditions, a storage battery and said battery for governing the remainder of said circuits.

11. In combination, dynamo electric inachinery adapted to be connected. to an internal combustion engine for starting same and also to be driven by same, said machinery being provided with a plurality of armature exciting circuits which act cumulatively under starting conditions but of which only a portion are operative When said machinery is being driven by said engine and means operative when said engine tends to 10 stall to control the remainder of said armature circuits.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

THOMAS R. DU BOIS.

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