US1357920A - Composition roofing - Google Patents

Description

H. ABRAHAM.

COMPDSITION ROOFING.

APPLICATION FILED ULY 26.1917.

3 wom/Lto@ Patented Nov. 2, 1920.

. county, and

UNIT-ED STATES? PATENT oFFicE.

HERBERT ABRAHAM,

- A conromrlon OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNORiTQ STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, F NEW JERSEY.

'coMPosrrIoN noorme.

Application filed July 26,

' the following is a full, clear, and exact lter.

layer of bituminous specification.

My invention relates to a composition roon material containing bituminous mathe object of my invention is'to provide a roofing material "which possesses greater durability, and yet, can be manufactured with comparatively less .expense than the present forms of felt composition roofing on the market. The product .herein described and claimed is adapted to be used in sheet or in shingle form. i

The essential feature of the` invention consists in Acombining a comparatively thick small proportion by-weight of loose-fibers, and a foundation sheet of felted fibrous fabric saturated with asphalt.'

In the accompan ing drawings illustrating my invention, igure 1 is a cross-section of a sheet 'offroofin material embodying my invention, land ig. 2 a sectional view of a modified form.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates a' felted fibrous sheet (commonly known as roofing felt) saturated with asphalt or other suitable bituminous composition; 2 is a comparatively thick layer of bituminous material containing non-felted fibers; and 3 is av bituminous coating free from fibers applied in upper surface of the roofing, and l represents av similar coating which may or may not be applied to the lowersurface of the roofing. r S l A coating 5 (Fig. 2) of powdered, granulated or angular mineral matter, may be ap lied to one or both surfaces of the finished product, or as an alternative, coating 3 may b e made in accordance with the disclosure of my Patents Nos. 775,635 and 775,636 granted on November 22, 1904, that is having a colored pigment lmixed therein to impart a permanent color.

In practice I have found that it is desir- 'able to incorporate approximately 10% to 20% of fibers in the bituminous matter' consttutng layer 2. The bers may be of Specification of Letters Patent.

Imatter'containing a tions and for the following reasons:

a comparatively thin layer to the'.

Patented Nov.y 2,1920. 1917. seriai'm. 132,872. i,

animal, vegetable, or mineral origin, consisting of disintegrated felt or paper stock,

slag-wool, vasbestos or similar materials. The loose bers are disseminated throughout the bituminous matter 'and form a homo.

geneous mass therewith'.4

In manufacturing the roofing I take a sheet of ordinary roofing felt and saturate it with the melted bituminous composition in the usual manner. To the saturated felted sheet I apply a layer of bituminous substance of a comparatively high melting point containing fibers.,V This layer is first spread on loosely, preferably while in a heated state, and then compressed by passing through steel rollers or otherwise under pressure to compact it into a tough and res'ilient mass. i

The product is more weather-resisting than ordinary prepared roofing of the same thickness, composed of a felted fabric saturated and coated with bituminous composit is well recognized in the art, that although felt fibers impart strength to the nished product, they nevertheless constitute the weakest part from the viewpoint of weatherresistance. They must 4therefore be thoroughly protected or inclosed by the bituminous constituents. Saturating the' felt alone will not enable it to withstand satisfactorilyv the sheet, so that a progressive disintegrativeaction takes place. The saturated felt is thereforegordinarily safe-guarded by an additional layer or coating of bituminous A.matten This surface-coatin constitutes `.the main protectionagainst t e inroads of the weather. As long as it remains intact, the felt bers can retain their strength. When it is oxidized or worn away by attrition of the elements, so as to uncover the felt fibers, the roofing will soon perish. It has therefore been stated correctly that a felt roofing is no more durable than its weather coating.

,Attempts have been made to increase the durability of the weather coating by spreading it on in a thicken layer. Bituminous materials least susceptible to temperature changes, and having the greatest ductility such as certain blown petroleum asphalts, fatty acid pitches, mixtures of asphaltites etc., With and Without the addition of finely divided mineral fillers, have been tried for this purpose. yIt Was found, either that at loW temperatures or upon aging the thick coatings become hard and brittle and cracked on bending, orelse during the hot summer Weather or in the tropics, the thick coating softened to such an extent that it checked or ran, or easily became distorted upon being subjected to unusual pressure.

have found that the addition of nonfelted fibers to the thick layer of bituminous coating overcomes these defects. As the non-felted fibers are stirred into the melted bituminous matter, the latter' loses its fluidity, and becomes converted into a plastic mass which can no longer 'be meltedeven at high temperatures, but Which can nevertheless be molded or formed under pressure.

Whereas the fibers in the felted'sheet even under the most favorable conditions, cannot be made to carry more than 1 to 1% times its Weight of bituminous matter, it is a surprising fact that When the non-felted fibers are added to the bituminous'matter, not more than be incorporated. In 'other Words, whereas a sheet of felted fibers saturated With bituminous matter carries between 404 and by Weight of fibers, the maximum Weight of non-felted fibers Which can be incorporated in a mixture With bituminous matter, ranges between 1% and 20% of the total. This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that non-felted fibers occup much greater bulk than an equal Weight o Vthe same fibers in the felted state. A

. 'I have found further that a thick coating of bituminous matter containing non-felted fibers is less brittle at low temperatures and and residual fluxes,

is not as liable to crack on bending as anequally thick coating composed of the same bitumlnous mattei' Without further additions. This is probably due to the fact that t the non-felted fibers disseminated throughout the bituminous matter bind the mass togiven -gether, similar to the. reinforcing metal in ther protect the non-felted fibers in the coatf ing (2) by applying to its Weather-surface a 'comparatively thin coating of bituminous matter free from fibers.

Roofing made in accordance with the foregoing disclosure Will present the maximum proportion of bituminous matter to the action ofthe Weather, and carry the bulk of the fibers at thebottom of the sheet, Where they. are 'most eHiciently protected. A smaller percentage of fibrous matter will be' required in manufacturing the roofing of a Vthickness or Weight` per unit area, than Would be the Acase if a felted fibrous sheet Was employed as at present. Since the fibers are relatively more expensive than the bituminous matter, the improved process will result `in considerable'economy.

The material may be manufactured and sold in 'sheet form, or if desired, the sheet may be cut into-shingles of the required size. I have found that shingles cut from the said sheet aretougherand stiffer than those manufactured in the usual manner.

Various modifications be made in the construction herein above described Without departing from the scope of my invention.

What I claim as m to secure by Letters IYatent is composition-roofing comprising a layer of felt saturated with bituminous matter,

and a compacted coating layer consisting of 'bituminous matter containingv not over twenty per cent., by Weight, of non-felted fibrous material, said coating layer being thicker than the felt la er. HERBRT ABRAHAM.

invention and desire

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