US1352794A - Electric starting system for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

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A. DUTREUX. ELECTRIC STARTING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. I I APPLICATION FILED FEB.17| 1917- 1,352,7 94. PatentedSept. 14, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

2 Inn's Hi0" fl A W E E v g 2 40 22 T A. DUTREUX.

EL'E CTRIC-STARTING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 17, 1917.

1,852,794. Patented Sept. 14, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFIQE.

AUGus'rn DUIREUX, 0F ISSY LES MOULINEAUX, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR 'IO sooin'rn ANONYME POUR LEGLAIRAGE ELECTRIQUE DES VEHICULES, or rssr LES MOULINEAUX, FRANCE, A CORPORATION or rnanon.

ELECTRIC STARTING. SYSTEM FOR IN TERNAL-COMBUSTION" ENGINES.

Application filed February 17, 1917.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, AUoUs'rE DUTREUX, engineer, of 26 RuefJ. J. Rousseau, at Issy Les Moulineaux, Seine, France, citizen of the French Republic, have invented'certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Starting Systems for Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

In the systems generally employed for the electric starting of combustion engines complicated switches are provided, requiring numerous wires and interrupters for conducting the current to the electric motor or for insuring the necessary operations for starting the motor, above all when the motor is designed to serve also as a lighting generator.

here four-pole machines are employed, furnished with armature windings in such a manner that they can operate either with two or four brushes, it has been suggested to use two brushes for generator operation, the other two serving for motor operation; the last pair of brushes are movable, can make contact with the commutator in order to start the internal combustion engine, and can then be raised when the starting has been accomplished and the motor operates as a generator. 7

This system, which is very ingenious as it dispenses with auxiliary apparatus, has the great objection that if the internal combustion engine does not start instantaneously a current varying from 100 to 200 amperes is broken between the commutator and the brushes which serve for the starting operation. The surface of the commutator deeriorates, therefore, in a very short time by reason of the sparking.

The present invention has for its object to provide a system which avoids this ob jection and consists in breaking or establishing the starting current between each brush and an auxiliary contact with which it is provided, after the brush is put into contact with the commutator. Consequently, at the time when the brushes are either brought into contact with the commutator or disengaged therefrom no current is made or broken between the brushes andthe com- Patented Sept. 14, 1929.

Serial No. 149,262.

mutator, and the latter does not become deteriorated. I

The accompanying drawings show by way of example a constructional form of apparatus for carrying out in practice the system according to the invention.

Figure 1 is a complete diagram of an arrangement comprising a dynamo electric machine, a voltage regulator, a make and break switch, also showing a constructional apparatus by which the invention can be carried into practice.

Fig. 2 is a plan of the apparatus for raising the brushes.

Fig. 3 is a section on the line AB, Fig.

Fig. lis a section on the line CD, Fig.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line EF, Fig.

Fig. 6is a section on the line G H, Fig.

In Fig. 1 is indicated at 1 the rotatabi armature of the dynamo electric machine, 2 and 3 are fixed brushes serving for the operation as a generator, 4 and 5 indicate shunt field windings, 6 and 7 are series field windings. The voltage regulator indicated at 8 comprises a thick wire coil 9 and a thin wire coil 10. These coils act on an armature (not shown) controlling the contacts 11 and 12 which make and break a short circuit across the terminals 01 a resistance 13 in series with the field windings. A fuse l i connects the regulator to the make and break switch 15, which also comprises two coils, a fine wire coil 16 and a thick wire coil 17 acting on the armature controlling the contact 18 which connects the dynamo in parallel with the battery 19 and the lamps 20. The switching apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8. 4L, 5 and 6 is in its starting position, the brushes 21 and 22 which serve for the operation of themachine as a motor being in contactwith the commutator. These brushes are insulated in two holders 23 and 2%, secured to the ends of two levers 25 and 26 pivoted on pivots and 28. The pivots 27 and 28 also serve as pivots for two arms 33 and 3% (Figs. 2 and 5) which, by means 01"" two plate springs'37 and 38, support two contact fingers 35 and 36.

The brushes 21 and 22 are pressed against the commutator by means of springs 29 and 30. shown in Fig. 2, one end of each spring being fixed in holes 31 in the levers 25 and 26. The other ends of the springs are secured in two holes 32 provided in the levers s ns 33 and 34. Consequently the springs hold the two tontact fingers 35 and pressed on the carbon brushes 21 and 22. fingers are connected to the terminals 41 and 42 of the battery 19 by means or" the shunts 39 and 40, which are insulated by beads. The two arms 33 and 34 as well as the arms 35'and 36 aremovable around the and 28.

A shaft 43 which can be operated from the exterior of the machine by means of a lever, the end of which is shown at44,is formed to the shape represented, which will be seen by the successive sections, Figs. 3, 4, and '6. A flat spiral spring 45 (Fig; 4) tends to make the shaft 43 constantly rotate backwards The levers 25 and 26 and 33 and 34 are provided with projections having suitable outlines which engage with corresponding parts of the shaft 43 in such a manner that by rotating the shaft the rel ative positions of the levers 25 and 26 and 33 and34 can be modified.

In the normal position the brushes 21 and 22 are withdrawn from the commutator by the shape of the shaft 43, the fingers 35 and 36 .are not pressed 'on' the brushes and the springs 29 and 30 are wound up.

If by means of the part 44 the shaft 43 is rotated from the outside through an angle of about 40 in the direction indi cated by the arrow (Fig. 3-), the springs-29 and .30, by reason of the shape of the shaft- 43, shown in Fig. 6, causes the brushes to engage with the commutator. By means of a further rotation of about 13, see'Fig. '3, the fingers 35 and 36 are, by reason of the shape of the shaft 43, as shown in Fig. 5, caused'to press on the brushes 21 and 22, thereby putting the battery in parallel with the dynamo machine. I

By continuing the rotation through 37 (Fig. 3) a suflicient pressure will be obtained between the fingers .35 and 36 and the brushes 21 and 22 to furnish an excellent contact.

The part 44 at this point abuts against the part 48 which is. fixed to the dynamo (Fig. 3). battery 19 and operates as a series motor by reason of the fields 6 and 7. fields 4 and 5 also add their fluxes to assist in'starting, and no large current can pass the following order 1. After an angle of about 37 (Fig. 3) is described the current is broken between the fingers35 and 36 on the one hand and the brushes 21 and 22 on the other hand,

These 7 pivots 27 The machine is-driven by the The shunt then after a further rotationof 13 (Fig. 3)

the brushes are raised from the commutator without breaking any current, and the spring 45 returns the shaft 43 to its normal position, when the face 4610f the shaft 43 comes opposite the face 47.

2. The current furnished by the battery will be broken between the fingers 35 and 36 and the carbon brushes 21 and 22' if the in ternal combustion enginedoes not start, but no current will be broken between these brushes and the commutator; consequently it is impossible for the latter to becomedeteriorated by reason of the sparking.

It will be understood that difie'rent apparatus can be employed for carrying out the system of the present invention. i

The invention is not limited to the start.- of internal combustion engines as it can be applied ina "eneral manner to all suitably wound inulti-pole dynamos, and can be carried out by any description of contact.

supplied from a battery of accumulators for the purpose of its operation as a motor, to be broken directlv between the movable brushes and the commutator so that all deterioration of the commutator is avoided.

' i I claim.

1. In an electric machine adapted to operate as a generator or a motor, a pair of brushes for the samewhen operating as a generator, a secondfp'air of brushes for the same when operating as a motor, means for putting the latter brushes in contact with the commutator and means operable to establish an electrical contact between said latter brush-es and the accumulators, after said brushes have engaged the commutator;

for putting the latter brushes in contact with the commutator, contacts for establishing a circuit between said latter brushes and the accumulators, means subsequently operable to cause the. engagement ofthe cont acts with the brushes, said 'means being Further operable to move the contacts out of engagementwith-the brushes and finally the brushes out of engagement with the commu-;

tator. v I

In testimony whereoi l efiix my. signature, in presence of two witnesses.

V AUGUSTE DUTBEUX. Witnesses l i I CHAs. P. PRESSLY, HENRI oce ns.

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