US1346331A - Cooling system - Google Patents

Description

W. W. MUlR.

COOLING SYSTEM.

APPLICAUON FILED JULY 15 1919.

2 SHEEISSHE[ l W. W. MWR.

COOLING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I5. I919.

L346, 33 1 Pat nted July 13, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ave

,unmum 63 g? UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WELLINGTON W. MUIR, 0F LOGKPORT, NEW YORK.

COOLING SYSTEM.

Application filed July 15,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WELLINGTON W. MUIR, a citizen of the United States of America, residiig in the .city of Lockport, State of New ork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coolin Systems, of which the following is a speci cation.

This invention relates to a cooling system for internal combustion engines and a method of cooling in which a liquid, which acts as a heat reservoir, a heat vehicle and a temperature equalizing agent, is circulated through the cylinder jackets continuously durin the operation of the engine, being intro uoed into and passed through the radiator only when the predetermined temperature of regulation or critical temperature which would be the temperature of maximum efficiency of the engine is reached, the radiator being drained and inoperative When the engine is not running, and preferably at all times when the temperature of the liquid drops below the critical temperature above mentioned.

Numerous cooling systems in which the circulation of water throu h the radiator is wholly or partially chec ed in startin until the system is warmed up to the critica temperature and during running and at all times when it drops below the critical temperature, have been both described in patents and publications and used, but all of these h ave encountered the important difficulty that in cold weather the radiator is apt to freeze either-while the car is standin or when the engine is started, when the an draft increases the chilling effect on the radiator with no correspondin transfer of heat from the engine to the liquid contents of the radiator. Non-freezing mixtures are of course used but the heavier ones are objectionable on account of destruction of therubber connections, formation of scale, etc., and the lighter ones are in such systems quickly evaporated at the temperatures maintained in the jacket.

In the present invention freezing and excessive cooling are avoided by. automatically withdrawing the coolin liquid from the radiator or boththe radiator and jacket to a reservoir in which it is less exposedand in which it may be protected by insulation.

Whenever cooling b means of the radiator becomes necessary, t e cooling liquid is automatically drawn from the tank in a quantit fillfllel l'lt for the purpose and passed throug Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 13, 1920.

1919. Serial No. 311,009.

the radiator and jacket, circulation through the jacket alone being maintained whenever the engine is running. Evaporation is prevented by continually mixin the heated liquid and vapors with a coo er body of liquid maintained for this purpose, the invention including among other features an arrangement of connections and a particular type of pump by which this mixing and circu ation are accomplished.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated diagrammatically several different cooling s stems embodying my invention in slightly different arrangement.

Figure 1 is an elevation part] in section showing a system which will for t e purposes of description be terined the preferred form.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a s tem in which the member hereinafter re erred to as the by-pass is eliminated.

In Fig.3 I have shown still another form including the b -pass, the radiator being above the rest 0 the system, the circulation being manuall controlled.

Flg. 4 is a similar view of the same,sys-

tem taken on the same plane but with an automatic instead of a manual control.

Referring to the drawings by numerals, the cooling system disclosed in Fig. 1 includes a water jacket 1, radiator 2, a reservoir or tank 3 below the level of the radiator and 'a'cket and having a fluid capacity preferably equal to or exceeding that of the jacket and radiator taken together. In this instance as shown the radiator occupies the usual position relatively to the water jacket and has connections 4, 5 between the jacket and the radiator correspondin to those in the ordinary automobile coo ing s stem. These connections are, however, wide y different in form and arrangement from the ordinary type. The connection 5 which for convenience, will be referred to as the top connection includes a valve chamber 6 near or above the top level of the water in the jacket 1. To this chamber is connected a by-pass7 which leads therefnom to a low point in the system shown as near the -bottom of the tank 3 where it is connected to the chamber 8 of a circulating pump 9. The by-pass 7 is also connected to the reservoir .by asmall 0 ening 10 near the bottom of the latter, an the pump which is driven by a. shaft 14 delivers by way of a passa e 11 leading to the jacket preferably disc argpassage as shown is of the goose-neck type, the to of the bend being near or above the top 0 the jacket having an opening 12 at this point by which in the present jpstance, as illustrated, it vents into the top passage 5 or vice verse to prevent siphoning of the water from the jacket back to the tank 3.

The bottom connection 4, in addition to including the tank 3, the pump chamber 8 and'the goose-neck connection 11, includes a vent 13 from the top of the reservoir 3 discharging into the atmosphere well above the water level, and a filler opening 25 which limits the water level in the reservoir or the extent to which it can be filled when the engine is idle. The connection 4, as .alread pointed out, leads from the bottom of the radiator to the bottom of the tank 3 which is connected at a low point therein to the pump chamber 8 which is in turn connected by the goose-neck 11 to a low point in the jacket.

The connection 5 has been described as. including achamber 6 intermediate of the passage so that the passage connects the chamber to the top of the jacket and the top ,of the radiator, from which chamber leads a by-pass 7 to the bottom of the tank 3 and the intake of the pump. This latter passage is controlled by a valve 15 cooperating with a seat 16 so that the delivery of water to the pump via the passage 7 may be cut off when desired. The valve 15 is mounted on a stem 17 which also carries a valve 18 which coiiperates with a valve seat 19 leading from the chamber to the passage 5 in the direction of the radiator.

This valve is actuated by a thermostatic member 20 opposed by a spring 21. The spring as illustrated bears against a stationary abutment 22 at one end, and at the other end against the valve 18, keeping it normally closed so that the water cannot enter the radiator. The thermostat 20 acts against the other side of the abutment 22, being between said abutment and a pin or shoulder 23 on the valve stem 17. When running, until the system is warmed up to the critical temperature and when the engine is idle, the radiator is empty, being rained into the reservoir 3. The thermos stat which may be a flexible hollow member containing a volatile liquid, when sufliciently heated expands and acting against the compression of the spring 21, opens the valve 18 and closes the valve 15, terminating the circulation through the by-pass 7 and permitting circulation through the radiator. Circulation is viathe b -pass 7 and tank 3 to the pump housing, rom the pump through the pipe 11 to the bottom of the 'acket and from the; jacket by the lower half of the pipe 5 to the valve*chamber, thence through the valve seat 16 and the bypass 7 to the bottom of the tank 3. It Wlll be noted that there is a tendency at this point to mix the cooler liquid in the tank with that in circulation and vice versa, the mixing taking place through the opening 10 leading from the tank into the by-pass near the bottom of the tank. In this way any vapor formed in the jacket is condensed and the heat generated is retained in the system until it reaches a point where radiation is desirable to prevent overheating.

When the temperature of maximum efliciency of the system is reached or any predetermined preferred temperature according to the setting of the thermostat, the latter acts, closing the valve 15 and opening the valve 18, transferring the path of circulation from the by-pass to the radiator. In this connection it will be noted that the bottom connection of the radiator 4 leads to the bottom of the tank. 3, so that any vapor not condensed in the radiator is mixed with the liquid in the tank and thus condensed, this action being particularly favorable to the use of the more volatile non-freezing 'mixtures. In case of excess pressure in the systemthere is a vent 13 leading from the tank to the open air. 1

Referring now to Fig. 2, I have illustrated a system which includes a water jacket 31, a radiator 32, a tank 33 and radiator connections conveniently termed bottom connection 34 leading from the radiator and top connection 35 leading to the radiator. The bottom connection 34 includes a pump chamber 36 with a rotary centrifugal pump 37 and the pipe 39 leadin from the pump delivery to the jacket. "l he pump has a double suction, that is, it is fed both from the radiator and from the tank 33 by supply pipe 38.1eading from the bottom of the tank. I

The pump delivery passage 39 leads to the jacket preferably toward the bottom of the jacket.

It will be noted that the pump 37 is of peculiar construction, having blades 46 in radial planes or substantiall radial planes through the axis, and a divi ing plate 47 at right angles to the axis and intersecting the um blades. This plate has the effect of divi ing the suction, so that the pump is fed both from the tank and' radiator or from either, delivering the cooling liquid from both or either to the jacket.

The top connection includes a valve chamber 40 having a valve seat 41 from which the upper portion of the connection 35 leads to the top of the radiator, the other portionof said connection leading from the top of the jacket to the valve chamber. This valve seat 41 is closed by means of avalve 42 actuated by a thermostat arm 43 controlled by an adjustin screw 44 which is shown as seated in a wal of the chamber having its head 45 conveniently located outside the chamber.

The tank 33 is of capacity sufiicient to equal the capacity of the rest of the system and at a low point in the system relatively to the jacket and radiator, so that when the engine is not running, the cooling liquid drains into the tank which may be heat insulated to not only prevent freezing but to make starting easy, for this arrangement not only prevents excessive loss of heat from the radiator while the car is standing, but keeps theliquid well above atmospheric temperature for a long period. With this system as shown the jacket as well as the radiator is drained.

A On starting, the pump draws the liquid from the tank and fills the jacket, but the valve 12 is closed at temperatures below the chosen normal or critical temperature so that the radiator is inoperative until such temperature is reached. As soon as the system reaches the predetermined normal which it is desired to maintain or passes slightly above it, the valve 42 is opened by the operation of the thermostat 43 and the Water is permitted to enter the radiator from which it is drawn through the bottom connection 34 to and by the pump 37 which also draws from the tank 33, so that the liquid from the radiator which may contain a quantity of vapor not condensed in the radiator, is mixed with this cooler liquid to produce any dedesired efiect of condensation.

The central division plate in the pump with the double intake from the radiator and tank forces cooling liquid to be supplied to the jacket whenever the engine is running, bringing it from wherever the supply may be located whether it is in the tank 33 or coming from the radiator 32, and it also efi'ects the necessary mixing of the vapors if any with the cooling liquid.

In Figs. 3 and 4: I have shown still another system, the system as illustrated in Fig. 3 being manually controlled and that in Fig. 4 being automatic and preferably adjusted to keep the system when running at the critical temperature, otherwise known as the temperature of maximum efliciency of the engine.

Referring to Fig. 3, I have shown a water jacket 51, a radiator 52 placed entirel above the level of the water jacket, 3. tan 53 below the radiator, a bottom connection 54, top connection 55 and by-pass 56.

More particularly, the top connection 55 which leads from the upperportion of the water jacket to the radiator near the top, includes a valve chamber 57 having three ports 58, 59 and 60 leading in the direction of the radiator, the by-pass and the water jacket, respectively. In this valve chamber is a rotary plug valve 61 actuated by an arm 62 to which is connected a rod 63 leading to the dash or instrument board or other convenient location. The radiator or cooling member being in the present instance placed above the engine and water jacket, the top connection 55 which includes intermediately the valve chamber 57, leads from the upper part of the jacket to the radiator near the top. The radiator is drained from the bottom by a pipe'65, forming part of the bottom connection 5a, which empties into the tank 53 well below the water level in the tank and as illustrated near the bottom. The tank which also forms part of the bottom connection 54 is connected by a pipe 66 to the suction of a pump 67 which in the present instance is of the rotary type like the pump 37 in the form of the invention just described, the delivery of the pump being connected by a pipe 68 to the engine jacket 51. As shown, this connection is near the bottom level of the tank, the pump being of the double suction type as already described with radiating blades and a central division plate giving a double suction, the other intake being connected to the bypass 56.

Preferably the reservoir 53 is of capacity suflicient to fill the radiator and the upper portion of the system above the reservoir without uncovering the lower end of the pipe or nearly exposing the same. It has "in the preferred form a vent 69 well above the water level.

In operation when the engine is idle, the radiator is normally drained, the height to which the tank can be filled being limited by the position of the filler opening 70. As soon as the engine is started, the valve 61 being in the position in which the port 59 leading to the by-pass and the port 60 leading to the water jacket are open, the port 58 being closed, it being understood that the ports and valve openings are so arranged that the ports 58 and 59 are alternately closed, the port 60 being open simultaneously with both. The pump being therefore unable to deliver water to the radiator, sets up a continuous circulation through the jacket and via the by-pass back to the pump, a certain amount of water which is drawn from the tank mixing with the supply in the jacket. If the tank is insulated, this will of course ordinarily be warm water.

As the radiator is empty when the top connection 55 is closed, there is very little loss of heat and the temperature of the water in the jacket and bypass rises rapidly. When the desired temperature is reached, the valve 61 is moved by means of the rod 63, closing the by-pass and opening the top connection. Under these circumstances the pump draws almost its entire supply of water from the tank 54, and supplying it to the jacket whence it is forced up through the top connection 55 to the radiator, maintains a continuous circulation through the radiator. When it happens that excessive cooling takes place, the valve may be moved to reduce the circulation through the radiator or closed entirely to dispense with the loss of heat.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a view of a cooling system like that illustrated in Fig. 3 except as to the valve. In the present system a thermostatic valve like that illustrated in Fig. 1 has been substituted for the manually-controlled valve shown in Fig. 3, the valve being indicated by reference character 75 has its various parts numbered in accordance with the disclosure of Fig. 1, the other parts of this cooling system being pumbered like the corresponding parts in ig. 3. except that the thermostatic valve being set for the desired temperature, performs automatically the function of the valve 62 with its controlling means 63. In both cases the radiator being drained into the lower part of the reservoir 53, the vapors not condensed in the radiator are mixed with the liquid in the tank and thus condensed. The pump 67 is of the double suction type and serves to mix the liquid in the by-pass with the liquid from the tank, and to maintain a continuous circulation through the by-pass untilthe critical temperature is reached and through the jacket and radiator and tank when the critical temperature is reached or passed Important features of the invention are found in the means for closing the passage leading to the radiator in combination with means whereby the radiator is automatically drained when the engine is stopped or delivery of water to the radiator for any reason ceases, the liquid being retained in a suitable receptacle and automatically returned to circulation when the engine is started.

In the preferred form of the invention the means for closing the connection leading to the radiator is thermostatically controlled so that this in combination with the reser-,

voir has the effect of draining the radiator when the engine is stopped and keeping it empty until the temperature of the cooling liuid reaches the temperature of maximum e ciency. W'henever excess cooling takes place, the radiator is again out out. Even though the engine is running, it is drained and rendered wholly inoperative until needed. This prevents loss of power by excess cooling and not only prevents freezing when the engine is idle but prevents freezing of the radiator due to the actionof the thermostat which in the older systems merely stops the circulation, leaving the radiator full of liquid. In the absence of means for automatically draining the radiator, such a check to circulation permits sudden chilling and in very cold weather causes freezing of the radiator before the thermostat can act.-

The operation is exactly the same' In addition to the automatic draining of the radiator, the invention includes in at least one form means for automatically drainin both the jacket and radiator when the engine stops. This has the additional advantage of absolutely preventin injury to the engine by freezing in the poo et.

The double suction pump which draws water from the radiator, the tank and the by-pass, and delivers it to the cooling jacket affording thorough mixture and trapping of the vapors from the radiator with and in the water from the tank, giving complete condensation even where volatile cooling liquids are used is of importance in combination with the reservoir and its arrangement in relation to the radiator.

The use of a tank or reservoir of relatively large capacity containing an excess supply of liquid to receive the heated mixture of liquid and vapor from the radiator to trap the vapor and condense it, preventing loss of the volatile non-freezlng elements of the cooling liquid, isof value in connection with an system, particularly those in which volatile materials are used to prevent freezing or for any other purpose. This arrangement also has the effect of preventing loss by evaporation even where pure water 15 used.

I claim:

1. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit for cooling fluid comprising a 'acket, a radiator, normally with said sup ly and thereby trapping and condensing t e vapor which has passed through the radiator without being con densed.

2. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit for cooling fluid including a jacket and a radiator, normally acting as condenser, a reservoir connected to the radiator and to the jacket, means for mixing the cooling fluid from the radiator with the excess supply of cooling fluid, trapping and retaining in the system the vaporized cooling fluid not condensed in the radiator.

3. In a cooling system for internal com-" bustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket and a radiator, a reservoir below the radiator connected to the circuit for receiving and containing a sup lpl of cooling liquid, means for limiting t e iquid level in said reservoir so the radiator is emptied when the delivery of liquid to it stops, means for mixing fluid from the radiator with said supply and circulating cooling liquid through the jacket and radiator, and means whenever there is a tendency to drop below such temperature.

4. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit including a jacket, a radiator, a pump chamber with a pump, a bypass leadin from a point in the circuit between the ra iator and acket to the pump chamber, a reservoir below the radiator connected to the radiator and to the pump chamber, means for limiting the water level in the reservoir, means for closing the bypass, means for cutting off the flow of fluid to the radiator, and means for operating said means alternately whereby the radiator is cut ofl, and the by-pass opened when the cooling fluid is below a certain temperature, and the reverse is accomplished when it ex ceeds a predetermined temperature.

5. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket normally acting as a condenser, a radiator connected to the jacket, a reservoir connected to the radiator and placed at a lower level than the radiator so the radiator will empty automatically into the reservoir when the engine stops, and means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir when the engine is running.

6. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket, a radiator connected to the jacket, a reservoir connected to the radiator and placed at a lower level than the radiator so the radiator will empty into the reservoir when the liquid supply to the radiator stops, and means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir when the engine is running, the connection from the radiator to the reservoir extending from a low point in the radiator to a low oint in the reservoir.

7. n a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket, a radiator connected to the jacket, a reservoir connected to the radiator and placed at a lower level than the radiator, and means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir when the engine is running, the connection from the radiator to the reservoir extending from a low point in the radiator to a low point in the reservoir, a by-pass leading from a point in the system between the jacket and radiator to the lifting means, means for alternately closing the by-pass and connection leading to the radiator, and means for limiting the water level so the radiator drains when delivery of liquid to it stops.

8. In a cooling system for internalcombustion engines, a jacket, a radiator connected to the jacket, a reservoir connected to the radiator and placed at a lower level than the radiator, and means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir when the engine is running, the connection from the radiator to the reservoir extending from a low point in the radiator to a low point in the reservoir, a by-pass leading from a point in the system between the jacket and radiator to the lifting means, t ermostatically controlled means for alternately closing the by-pass and connection leading to the radiator, and means for limiting the water level so the radiator drains when delivery of liquid to it stops.

9. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a cooling jacket, a radiator and circulatin means, a reservoir connected to the circuit below the level of the radiator and water jacket, means for lifting the water from the reservoir and passing it through the circuit so the radiator is drained when the lifting action ceases and a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit between the jacket and the top of the radiator to the reservoir.

10. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a cooling jacket, a radiator and circulatin means, a reservoir connected to the circult below the level of the radiator and water jacket and of capacity suflicient to supply and drain the system, means for lifting water from the reservoir and passin it through the circuit, a by-pass leading rom a point in the circuit between the jacket and the top of the radiator to the reservoir, and means for limiting the liquid content of the system so the radiator is emptied when the engine stops, and means for closing the by-pass and radiator connection alternately.

11. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a cooling jacket, a radiator and circulatin means, a reservoir connected to the circuit below the level of the radiator and water jacket, 3. by-pass leading from a point in the circuit between the jacket and the top of the radiator to the reservoir, and a thermally controlled valve associated with the by-pass and radiator connection to exclude the cooling fluid from the radiator until the fluid has attained a predetermined temperature, so the radiator is drained and inoperative when the engine stops and filled and operative when the engine is at the predetermined temperature.

12. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator normally acting as a condenser, a pump with connections to the top and bottom of the jacket, a reservoir for cooling liquid connected to the radiator to receive cooling fluid from the radiator, the connection delivering the fluid from the radiator at a low point in the reservoir to trap uncondensed vapor from the radiator.

13. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator, circulating means, a thermostatic control between the top of the radiator and the jacket, and a reservoir for liquid receiving the fluid from the radiator.

14. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator normally acting as a condenser, a reservoir for cooling liquid at a low point in the system, a pump having a suction drawing cooling fluid from the radiator and from the reservoir and delivering it in the direction of the jacket.

15. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator, a tank for cooling liquid connected to the circuit, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit between the jacket and the top of the radiator to the reservoir, a thermostatic control serving to open and close the by-pass and the connection leading to the radiator alternately, a pump receiving from the by-pass and tank and delivering to the bottom of the jacket.

16. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator, a top connection from the jacket to the radiator, a reservoir for cooling liquid connected to the circuit, a by-pass leading from a point in the top connection to the reservoir, a thermostatic control serving to open and close the by-pass and the top connection leading to the radiator alternately, a pump receiving from the by-pass and tank having a connection by which it delivers to the bottom of the jacket, the connection having an intermediate high ortion and a passage leading from said high portion to the top connection. i

17. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator, a reservoir connected to the circuit, a pump havin two sets of blades on opposite sides, two inlets and one delivery, the same receiving water from the bottom of the radiator and from the reservoir and delivering -it to the jacket.

18. In a cooling system for internal com bustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator, a reservoir connected to the circuit, a pump having two inlets and one delivery, the same receiving water from the bottom of the radiator and from the reservoir and delivering it to the jacket.

19. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a cooling jacket, a radiator, a reservoir lower than the radiator and of capacity to drain the radiator, a rotary pump having a divided suction, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit just above the jacket to the pump suction, the pump suction also being connected to the tank and the radiator and the delivery to the jacket.

20. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a cooling jacket, a radiator, a reservoir below the radiator, a rotary pump having two sets of blades on opposite sides, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit just above the jacket to the pump, a connection from the bottom of the radiator to the pump, the pump delivering to the jacket, and a valve controlling the by-pass and the top radiator connection serving to open and close them alternately.

21. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a cooling jacket, a radiator, a reservoir lower than the radiator, a pump having a divided suction, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit just above the jacket to the pump, a connection from the bottom of the radiator to the pump, the pump delivering to the jacket, a valve controlling the by-pass and the top radiator connection serving to open and close them alternately, and a thermostatic control for said valve.

22. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a cooling jacket, a radiator, a reservoir lower than the radiator, a pump having a divided suction, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit just above the jacket to the pump, a connection from the bottom of the radiator to the pump through the reservoir, the pump delivering to the jacket, and a valve controlling the bypass and the top radiator connection serving to open and close them alternately, a thermostatic control for said valve, and means for limiting the water level in the system so the radiator is drained when the engine stops or the top connection is closed.

23. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket, a radiator connected to the jacket, a reservoir connected to the radiator and placed at a lower level than the 100 radiator, and means for limiting the level to which the system is filled when the engine is idle, so the radiator will empty into the reservoir when the liquid supply to the radiator stops, and means for lifting the cooling 105 fluid from the reservoir when the engine is running, the connection from the radiator to the reservoir extending from a low point in the radiator.

24. In a cooling system for internal com- 110 bustion engines, a jacket, a radiator, a reservoir placed at the lower level than the radiator so the radiator will empty automatically into the reservoir when the engine stops, means for lifting the cooling fluid from the 11! reservoir to the jacket and radiator, and means for cutting off the flow of water to the radiator when cooling is unnecessary.

25. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket, a radiator, a reser- 12 voir placed at a lower level than the radiator so the radiator will empty automatically into the reservoir when the engine stops, means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir to the jacket and radiator and 12 thermostatically-controlled means for cutting off the flow of water to the radiator.

26. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket, a radiator, a reservoir placed at a lower level than the jacket 13 and radiator so the jacket and radiator will empty automatically into the reservoir when the engine stops, means for lifting coolin" fluid irom the reservoir to the jacket an radiator when the en ine is running, thermostatically-controlled means for cutting off the flow of cooling liquid to the radiator.

27. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising a jacket and a radiator with suitable connections, a thermostat controlling the admission of cooling fluid to the radiator and hence the temperature of the Water in the jacket when the engine is running, and means for removing cooling fluid from a low point in the radiator.

28. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines com rising a jacket and a radiator with suitab e connections, a thermostat controlling the admission of cooling fluid to the radiator and hence the temperature of the water in the jacket when the engine is running, and means for removing cooling fluid from a low point in the radiator, the system having sufficient capacity in excess of the radiator and jacket to permit the radiator to be emptied when no radiation is necessary.

29. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines a circuit for cooling fluid, comprising a jacket, a radiator, normally acting as a condenser, means for maintaining an excess supply of cooling liquid which said means serves to drain the radiator, causing the condenser action of the latter when the en ine is running, and serving to empty it of liquid When the en ine is idle.

Signed by me at Lockport, ew York, this 5th day of July, 1919.

WELLINGTON W. MUIR.

Witnesses:

RALPH B. GoBLE, BRADFORD HOWARD.

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