US1326871A - Elastic-fluid turbine - Google Patents

Description

0. JUNGGREN.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLlcATloN HLED MA1/14,1919.

Patented Dec. 30, 1919.`

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OSCAR JUNGGREN, 0F SCHENECTADYLNEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, T0 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY', A CORPORATIGN OF ITEW YORK.

ELASTIC-FLUD TURBNE.

incesti..

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3d, 19in.

Application filed May '14, 1919. Serial No. 297,127.

To all whom 25 may concern: v

Be it known that l, @SCAR JUNGGREN, a citizen 0f the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county'of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in- Elastic- Fluid rlurbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to elastic fluid turbines and particularly to turbines of the type comprising a plurality of disks. or wheels mounted on the shaft and carrying suitable buckets upon the periphery. W'ith such turbines itis important that the disks or wheels be made as light as possible in order to reduce the weight ofthe machine thereby reducing its size. ln addition, by making the disks or Wheels as thin as possible, particularly at the hubs where the greatest stresses occur, the distance between the bearings may be reduced, or a large number of stages may be put in in the same distance. On the other hand, it is essential to obtain a rigid construction which vwill withstand not only the stresses set up due to centrifugal action but also those which occur due to the substantial temperature `changes which are continuously going"- on in the turbine due to changes in load and variations in the vacuum. lf the turbine wheel or disk is rigidly fastened to the shaft these latter strains, due to temperature changes are very large, particularly in the hubs, on account of the wheels or disks responding much more quickly to temperature changes than the heavy shaft, and with this arrangement, relatively heavy wheels, having strong hubs are required as otherwise the wheels, if made too thin and light will distort and possibly' loosen on the shaft.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved structure' in which the wheel is so connected to the shaft that it iis-free to respond to temperature changes independently of the shaft. By this arrangement' the strains due to temperature changes are practically eliminated and as a consequence the wheels or disks may be made much lighter and thinner than before.

For a consideration of what l believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying specification and the claims appended thereto.

In the drawing, Figure l is a side elevation of a portion of a turbine wheel or disk embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a radial sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a detail view of certain parts, on a larger scale.

Referring to the drawing, 5- indicates a shaft and 6 wheels or disks mounted thereon and carrying the usual ring or rings of buckets 7 The 'wheels are spaced apart by rings 8 and it will be understood that between the wheels are the usual stationary nozzle diaphra ms or intermediates for conveying elastic uid from the buckets of one wheel to those of the next.

Now, according to my invention, ll provide the wheel or disk 6 with a central opening 9 of greater diameter than the shaft, and in this opening is a ring l0 of an outside diameter to just fit opening 9. Ring l() is fastened to wheel 6 by a number of radial dowel pins 11, eight being shown in the present insta-nce. lt will be understood, however, that any suitable number may be used. rlfhe wheel 6 with ring 10 attached thereto is shrunk on shaft 5 in the usual manner, the ring being keyed thereto by suitable keys as indicated at l2. With this arrangement it will be noted the ring l0y is firmly attached to shaft 5 while the wheel 6 is attached to ring'lO by means of the dowel pins ll,. Also when the ring and wheel cool during the shrinking on process the ring in contracting on the shaft will be stressed and forced in a tight lit with the bore of wheel G.

Wvith the above described arrangement it will be seen that when temperature changes take place such as occur, for example, in startinga up the machine, which changes cause wheels or disks 6 to heat up more quickly than heavy shaft 5, such wheels or disks may expand independently of the shaft, moving slightly away from the rings l0. The wheels will, however, be guided by the dowel pins l1 which will keep them centered and transmit the torque from them t0 the shaft. The rings l0 will stay tight on the shaft as there is nothing to disturb them. As soon as the shaft has come to the same temperature as the wheels or disks, then there will be the ordinary cont-act between rings l0 and wheels or disks 6. `When the action is reversed, that is, when the machine is cooling down, the shaft stays hottest the longest and some stresses will then be set up between the wheels and the shaft., The arrangement will be such however, that sef 'iti

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these stresses will not exceed the elastic limit of the material and hence will do no harm.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desireto have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In combination, a shaft, a ring, said ring being put on the shaft with a shrink fit, a wheel having a bore in which the ring is located, and dowel pins fastening the ring to the wheel.

2. In combination, a shaft, a wheel having a bore of greater diameter than the shaft, a ring which fits the bore of the Wheel and is interposed between the wheel and the shaft, and dowel pins connecting the ring to the wheel, said ring and wheel being put 0n the shaft with a shrink fit.

3. In combination, a shaft, a wheel having a bore of greater diameter than the shaft, a ring which fits the bore of the wheel and is interposed between the wheel and the shaft and shrunk on the shaft, and dowel pins connecting the ring to the wheel.

4. In an elastic fluid turbine comprising a shaft and a wheel having buckets thereon, means for fastening the wheel to the shaft comprising a ring shrunk on the shaft and interposed between the wheel and the shaft, and radially extending pins which fasten the ring to the wheel.

5. In an elastic fluid turbine comprising a shaft and a wheel having buckets thereon, means for fastening the wheel to the shaft comprising a ring which fits on the shaft and has radially outwardly projecting parts, said wheel having openings into which said 4parts project, and sald ring and Wheel being shrunk on the shaft.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 13th day of May, 1919.

OSCAR JUNGGREN.

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