US1322451A - Alternating-current motor - Google Patents

Description

H. w JEANNIN. ALTERNATING'CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7v 1917.

RENEWED AUG. 25,19I9.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

4 SHEETS'-SHEET I.

I WITNESSES 1 W MEI/10k EWJWM:

' rron/ms H. W. JEANNIN.

I ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FlLED JAN. 17. 1917. RENEWED AUG. 25. 1919.

"1 322,45 1. Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

L wimsssw A TTORNEYS H.W'. JE ANNIN.

ALTERNAIING CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 17, I917- RENEWED AUG. 25, 1919.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919 4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

WITNESSES 'INVENTOR .EWJepnnv'n B Y $414M Afmnuirs H. W. JEANNINZ ALTERNAT|NG CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLiCATION FILED JAN. 11, 1917. RENEWED AUG. 25. 1919.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- I mm'ssss IMVENTOR @TTORIIEYS warren STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HiLRRY WALLACE JEANNIN, OF WARREN, OHIO.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT MOTOR.

11 0363 .5 w imnc nsoll.

i '0 aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY W. JEANNIN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Warren, in the county of Trumbull and a State of @hio, have invented a new and Improved Alternating-Current Motor, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to alter atlng current motors of that type disclosed in my application for United States Letters Patent, Seriai N umber 417040, filed August 24:, 1915, \patented Dec. 19, 1916, No. 1,209,443, wherein brushes bear against the commutator during starting, and after the armature has attained. speed the brushes are removed from the "commutator and the latter short circnite(l,-or, in other words, the motor is started on the repulsion principle, and after noran mal speed is attained it operates on the in duction principle.

The invention has for its general objects to improve the construction and operation of dynamo electric machines of the charac- Zi ter referred to so as to be reliable and of ficient in use, comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, and so designed as to have a larger output without increasing the size of the armature.

so A more specific object of the invention is to provide a double-wound armature in combination with a commutator of novel construction, and means for short circuiting the armature and removing the brushes, whereby the high resistance winding of the armature is commutated in starting and the low resistance uncommutated winding is short circuited to operate as a squirrel cage induction motor winding after a normal "n ed isattained; and simultaneously with .55 short circuiting of the low resistance winding the high resistance winding is short c-ircuited and the brushes moved to open circuit position.

Another object of the invention is to provide an'armature having a high resistance starting winding disposed in the usual slots and retained therein by copper bars in place of the usual wooden Wedges, such bars being connected at the front of the armature with. a commutator, and being connected at the rear by a conducting ring or the like, so that whenv thecommutator segments are Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

A plication tiled'ianuary 17, 1917, Serial No. 142,817. Renewed August 25, 1919. Serial No. 319,656.

nected with the low resistance winding and 4 the othen set with the high resistance winding, and both sets being adapted to be short circuited by a common short circuiting ring, and the commutator of the high resistance winding being normally engaged by commutating brushes.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a simple, novel and effective speed responsive device mounted on the armature and operatively connected with the short circuiting ring and the brush throw-out devices, whereby at a certain speed the ring is thrown to short circuitiug position and the brushes are thrown out to open circuit position.

The invention has as a further object to provide a simple, novel and effective brush- I operating means.

With such objects in view, and others which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention comprises variousnovel features'of construction and arrangement of partswhich will be set forth with particularity ,in the following description and claims appended hereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of the invention and wherein similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views,

Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the motor;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing the commutator, armature winding connections and brush throw out device;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the brush throw-out device in the other extreme position from that shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary face view of the brush-holding means and high resistance winding section of the commutator;

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are detail sectional views respectively'on the lines 5,5, 6-'6 and 77, Fig. 2; 1 Fig. 8 is a perspective view of one, of the anchoring plates for the segments of the starting commutator; 1

'inutator segments;

Fig. 10 is a transverse section on the line ;10i0 Fig. 1, showing the speed responsive device;

Fig. 11 is a similar view showing the weights thrown outwardly from their normal position shown in Fig. 10; ant

Fig.-12 is a longitudinal sectional View showing the parts of the speed responsive device.

Referring to the drawing. 1 lesignates the frame of the motor, 2 the stator or iield element therein, 3 the rotor or armature element mounted on a sha i that is iournaled in hearings .3, (S the commutator. 7 the hrushholding and operating means. 3 the speed responsive device, 9 the conunutator short circuitingr device, and it) the sleeve connected with the speed responsive device and operatively related to the brushes and a short circuiting rinp to throw out the brushes sirnuitaneously with the moving of the short circuiting' ring to position to short circuit the segments 01 the commutator.

The frame and stator maybe ct any approved construction. The rotor or arniature 3 is provided with a high resistance winding- 11. the coils oi which are set in slots 12 of the armature, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7, and this winding is employed for starting: the motor on the repulsion principle by means of the commutator and brushes. The armature slots are closed by hers of copper 13 which take the place of the wooden wedges usually employed ior holding in the windings, and these copper bars are connected together electrically by a ring 14" on the rear of the arn'iature, and the front ends of the bars are connected with commutator segments which, when grounded, cause the bars to'forin a squirrel cage Windin g,which is in service after the motor has started, and operates on the induction principle. This low resis a-nce winding formed by the bars is uncomniutated, as no brushes are employed in connection therewith, and the bars are in service only after the armature has attained speed and the said bars are short circuited by the use of the short circuiting ring 9.

Since the armature is of the double-Wound type, a special form of commutator employed for enabling the high resistance winding to be employed in starting, while the low resistancewinding; is idle, and to enable both windings to be short circuitcd when the motor is normally ope 'ating. The colnutator. comprises two sets of bars and 15 radially disposed about the shaft, and the set, 15 is disposed behind the set 14. The set of commutator hare 15 is shown with dovetailed recesses 16, whereby these bars can he eifectively anchored in an an nula-r body 1? of bahelite or equivalent in snlating material which is molded on a, metallic. ring 18 screwedon the hub 13) of the armature. The commutator oars ll are also anchored in the insulation 17 by means of anchor plates 20 constructedl'as shown in Fig. 8. These are thin plates of copper, one for each bar i i, to the side of which it is soldered. The anchoring plates 20 pass between the rear set of commutator bars 15 and are separated therefrom by strips of in sulation 21, as shown. in Fig. 6, and the rear edges of the plates 20 have apertured lugs which are embedded in the insulation body 17. The outer end of the bars l-ihave recesses :23, as shown Figs 8; and 5, and in these rec are soldered terminals of the coils of the high resistance winding 11. The outer ends of the rear set. of commutator lJall'S i5 have metal connectors which, as shown in Fig. 5, are set in slots of the bars 15 and have their outer ends hent around the forward ends of the copper conductors 13, there being one commutator bar for e ch conductor The inner ends of the commutator bars 15 projectin wardly beyond the inner ends of the bars 1%, and the plates have inwardly project ins; cars 27. These ears 5? have beveled surfaces 28, while the coinrniu'ator bars 15 have hcvclcd surfaces 29 which register with the beveled surfaces 28, so tl it the shortcircuiting device. or E) can bear on these beveled surfaces of the bars and plates 20 to thereby circuit hoth o't' coininutator bars lland 15 her-.1 the ring 9 is in he posit-ion shown in Fig. 1. i

The brush holders 7 are mounted on a ring 30 fastened to the left beari housing 82;, Fig. l, and each holder comprises a radiallv extending arm 32 on the ring 2-30 and a Z shaped plate 33 fastened to the ring 30 in such relation to the arm. 1-32 as to constitute a box or guide in which is rf lidahly mounted a. brush 3% which has a movement, l')2i;1'2.ll6l with the axis of the mot-or shaft or at right-- angles to the face of the cClillZilliLiilOlZ These brushes are adapted to hear on. the hare or segments 1% of the commutator when :he inotor starts, whereby the high resistance winding- Will be coinniutated, and when the )IlO- tor has attuned speed, the brushes are autoniatically Withdrawn out of engagement with the commutator. Each brush has fastened to one side a plate 35 which has a rccess 36 into which engages a' lug 3. on a lever This lever fastened to a pivot pin 39 iournaled in hearing lugs 40 on the brush housing or box, and a torsiomil spring 41 surrounding the pivot pin 39 acts Oil the arm 38 to move the latter toward the right, Figs. 1, Q'and In other words, the

brush is urged. into eil-gagerncnt with the conin'iutator and yieidng contact is main tamed therewith To the spring On. each brush housing is fulcrumed at 4:2 a lever 43 provided with an outwardly extending arm 4% which has a lug i5 that engages the associated lever 38, and on the elbow portion 46 of the lever 1 3 is a roller e7 which isadapted to'be engaged by an axially movable ring or collar 48 surrounding the armature shaft and operatively connected with the speed responsive device 8. I Under starting conditions the brush throw-out ring 48 is in the position shown in Fig. 2 and out' of contact with the rollers 47. In other words, the springsjll of the brushes hold the levers 43 inwardly, and the brushes are maintained in contact with the commutator. When the motor attains speed, the throwout element 48 moves from the position shown in Fig. 2 to that shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and consequently the levers 43 are thrown outwardly, and they in turn operate on the levers 38 so as to move the brushes forwardly out of contact with the commutaton. lVhen the motor stops, the ring. 48 returns to the position shown in Fig. 2, and the of the arn'lature shaft to swing in a plane transverse to the latter from the position shown in Fig. 10 to that shown in Fig. 11, or vic versa. Each weight acts on a bellcrank lever 53 that is connected by links 54 in a manner disclosed in the patent hereto fore referred to, with the sleeve 10.' The bell-crank levers are fulcrumed on pins 55 mounted in the .hub of the armature, and

each lever has an arm 56 which bears against its associated weight 50 near the pivoted end thereof, as clearly shown in Figs. 10 and 11. The bell-crank levers are maintained in contact withtheir associated weights by reason of the tensi'on of the spring 10 which operates on the sleeve 10 to move the same to the left, Fig. L. This spring exerts a pull on the links 54, which in turn hold the bellcrank levers 53 against the weights no matter in what position the latter may be. As the weights move inwardly or outwardly the bell-crank levers have a wiping engagement therewith, and to minimize friction the level-shave rounded extremities which engage the weights. l l'ormallyv the weights are in the position shown in Fig. 10, which corresponds to the position of the parts shown in Fig. 2. When the motor attains speedthe weights are thrown outwardly and these device 9 into engagement with the commutator and the throw-out ring 48 into engage-1 ment with the levers l3, wherebythe brushes are withdrawn from the commutator.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the advantages of the construction and method of operation will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention appertains, and While I have described the principle of operation, together with the device which I now consider to 'be the best embodiment thereof, I desire to have it understood that the device shown is merely illustrative and that such changes may be made when desired as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A motor of the class described comprising an armature having high and low resistance windings for starting and running conditions respectively, separate sets of commutator bars connected with the respective windings, brushes bearing on the set of commutator bars connected with the high resistance winding, means for throwing the brushes into and out of operative position, and means for short cireuiting both sets of commutator bars under running conditions.

2. 'A motor of the class described comprising an armature having high and low resistance windings for starting and running conditions respectively, separate sets of commutator bars connected with the respective windings, brushes bearing on the set of commutator bars connected with the high resistance winding, means'for throwing the brushes into and\out of operative position, a short circuiting device for both sets of commutator 'bars, and a speed responsive means for throwing the short circuiting device into short circuiting position and simultaneously removing the brushes from the commutator.

. device normally out of engagement with both sets of bars and movable into engagement therewith and forming means'whereby the brushes are removed from the commutator.-

4. In a motor, an armature having slots,

a high resistance starting winding-in the' slots, copper rods disposed in and closing the slots for retaining the windings there- 1n, separate sets of commutator bars. for thewinding and rods, brushes adapted to bear on the set of bats connected with the wind ing, and a short-circuiting device adapted to short circuit both sets of commutator bars and forming means for moving the brushes to open circuit position. s

In a. motor, an armature having slots, a high resistance winding comprising coils mounted in the slots, a commutator connected with the Winding, copper rods disposed in the slots for retaining the coils therein, bars to which the rods are connected, means movable into engagement with the said bars for shoit-circuiting the rods toconstitute a low resistance running winding, and brushes engageable with the commutator for employ-- ing the high resistance winding for starting.

6. A motor including an armature having high resistance starting and low resistance running windings, se arate sets of commutator bars for the win ings, anchoring plates connected with one set of bars and extending between and insulated from the other set, a bed of insulation in which the plates are anchored and also the bars between which the plates extend are anchored, brushes to bear on the bars attached to the 5 plates, and a short circuiting device. adapted to engage the other set of bars and also the plates, whereby both sets of commutator bars can be short circuited.

7. A commutator for a double-wound armature comprising two. sets of commutator bars arranged one behind the other, and the bars of each set being radially dis osed whereby the frontset of bars is at apted to be engaged by brushes, and means disposed toward the center of the bars to short circuit both sets.

8. A commutator for a double-wound armature comprising two sets of radially disposed bars arranged one behind the other, an anchor plate fastened to each bar of the front set and extending rearwardly between the bars of the rear set, and a common bed of insulation in which the rear set and the plates are anchored.

9. A commutator for a double-Wound armature comprising two sets of radially disposed bars arranged one behind'the other, an anchor plate fastened to each bar of the front set and extending rearwardly between the bars of the rear set, and a commonbed of insulation in which the rear set, and the plates are anchored, said anchor plates hav ing exposed portions alining with portions of the bars of the rear set for engagement by a short circuiting device.

10. A coi-innntatm' for a doublewound arnmture, comprising a front set of radially disposed commutator bais insulated from each other, a rear set of radially disposed commutator bars insulated from each other and from the front set. the rear set having their inner ends extending inwardly beyond the inner ends of the front set. an anchoring plate connecting with each front bar and extending rearwardly between the rear bars and having portions extending inwardly and flush with the inner portions of the rear bars, whereby a short circuiting device can engage said plates and rear 'bars, and an insulating means in which the rear bars and plates are mounted.

11. A commutator for a double-wound armature, conn'n'ising two sets of commutator bars radially disposed, with the outer ends of the front set projecting beyond the outer ends of the rear set, the outer ends of the front set being slotted for connection with the armature coils. and connectors on the outer ends of the rear set for connection with armature conductors.

12. In a motor, the. combination of a commutator, brushes adapted to engage the same, holding means for the brushes, levers mounted on the holding means and connected with the brushes, springs operating on the levers to hold the brushes in engagement with the comn'nitator, additional levers mounted on the brush-holding means and each having an outwardly extending arm engageable with one of the aforesaid levers and having an inwardly extending portion provided with a roller, an axially movable element'engageable with the rollers of the levers to simultaneously move the same outwardly when the element moves in one direction, said rollers being moved inwardly by the springs when the element moves in the opposite direction, and a speed responsive device for actuating, the element.

13. In a motor of the class described, the

combination of a commutator, brushes bear- HARRY WALLACE JEANNIN."

Images