US1318031A - John thomson - Google Patents
John thomson Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1318031A US1318031A US1318031DA US1318031A US 1318031 A US1318031 A US 1318031A US 1318031D A US1318031D A US 1318031DA US 1318031 A US1318031 A US 1318031A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resister
- tubular
- electric
- carbon
- zig
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000153 supplemental Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
- H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
Definitions
- a tubular, zigzag, carbon, electric resister Whose exterior is heat-insulted, Whose inner loore contains a'tuloe immune to oxidization and which also serves as a receptacle for articles to be heated.
Description
UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.
JOHN THOMSON, OF NEW YORK, N. kY.
TUBULAR ZIGZG- CABON ELECTRIC RESISTER.
To all 'whom/fit may concern:
Be it known that I, J oHN THOMSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tubular Zigzag Canbon Electric Resisters, of which the following is a specification.
This is an invention in tubular, zig-zag, carbon, electric resisters, particularly adapted to heat articles placed in the interior thereof.
In the drawing,
Figure l is a composite front elevation and longitudinal center section of the resister from the right and left-hand sides of the vertical center line A.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation either from the right or the left hand end of the resister.
Fig. 3 is typical of a transverse section along any of the zig-zag slits, as the section on the line B; and
Fig. 4 is a fragmental longitudinal center section, revolved 90 degrees from that of Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, Fig. 4: being a section taken as on the center line C of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.
The resister D is formed of carbon, either graphitized or amorphous, and it is primarily molded as a cylindrical tube or a solid round rod, but in the latter case it is bored to produce a cylinder.
The next constructive step is to mill a series of transverse slots E from opposite sides, leaving connecting sections, as F and H, each of which is diametrically disposed from the other. In this wise, a zig-zag electric circuit, of restricted area, is formed but with two notable differences from previous practice, namely:
The current passes in a circular path right and left, in parallel, as indicated by arrows m, n Fig. 3, from one connecting section to another, and as the lineal length of the inner circumference of the resister is manifestly less than that of its outer circumference the current density will be proportionately increased alon'g the inner surface of the bore.
As a consequence of transmitting the current in parallel, the cross-sectional area of each connector-section should be equal to that of the combined cross-sectional areas of both of its connecting circular limbs. It is to be. observed that, owing to the circular Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. *7, 1919.
' Application led October 7, 1918. Serial No. 257,218.
traverse of the current as it passes from one pair of zig-zag limbs to another, an extensive lineal length of circuit may be obtained in a ycon-iparatively short resister part.
The thermal effect, due to the increase of current density along the interior surface of this tubular resister, may be illustrated by assuming that the lineal length of its outer circumference is, say 20 inches, while that of the bore is l0 inches; consequently, both the development and emissivity of heat would be one hundred per centum greater along the interior than at the periphery. Hence, if the 'bore is utilized for heating an article and the outside is insulated to minimize the escape of heat therefrom the conditions are unique for yielding eicient results. But, to utilize this tubular resister, the carbon must be made immune to the destructive effect of oxygen. This is accomplished in the following manner:
The carbon element having been formed, as in the manner already described, a supplemental and relatively thin-walled tube, as J, is placed in the bore of the resister, fitting snugly therein. The tube is preferably formed of fused aluminum oxid or crystalline silicon carbid, either of which is suficiently non-conductive of electricity not to short-circuit the carbon zigzags; is highly refractory; is an effective conductor of heat, and is non-reactive. Thereafter, the exterior of the resister is surrounded by an airtight sheathing, of material such as fire-clay, the outer limits of which are denoted as by the broken line P.
When the resister is suitably set to be electrically incited from a suitable source of electrical supply, such as is herein symbolically indicated by S, the resister then becomes a highly efficient means for heating articles placed within its inner tube, especially s0 in the instance of relatively long metal articles of relatively small cross-section as compared to the length, for example, of billets or rods, as T, Fig. 2.
While this tubular zig-zag resister is Vpeculiarly effective when used in the foregoing manner it may yet be employed to heat gases flowing through its inner tube;
or the latter may be dispensed with if or when it is desirable to radiate energy outwardly.
What I claim is:
1. A tubular, zig-zag, carbon, electric resister having circular linrbs which pass to and from their correlative connecting sections, Where/hy the transmission of electric current is in parallel from one to the other` of any pair of said sections.
2. A tubular, zig-Zag, carbon, electric resister having limbs arranged in pairs which pass to and from their cor-relative connecting sections, whereby the transmission of electric current is in parallel from one to the othel1 of any pair of said sections.
3. A tubular, Zig-zag, carbon, electric rcsister having circular limbs which pass to and from their correlative connecting sections, whereby in the electric transmission of energy from one to the other of any pair of said sections the current density is the greater along the linner surface of the bore of the resister.
4. A tubular, zig-zag, carbon, electric resister having a supplemental inner tube formed of material immune to oxidization.
5. A tubular, Zig-zag, carbon, electric resister Whose exterior is heat-insulated and Whose interior bore contains a supplemental tuloe immune to oxidzation.
6. A tubular, zigzag, carbon, electric resister Whose exterior is heat-insulted, Whose inner loore contains a'tuloe immune to oxidization and which also serves as a receptacle for articles to be heated.
This specification signed and witnessed this 10th day of September, A. D. 1918.
JOI-IN THOMSON.
Signed in the presence of* JOSEPH KASTNER, J r., RALPH M. THOMSON.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents ea'ch, by addressing the ."Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1318031A true US1318031A (en) | 1919-10-07 |
Family
ID=3385508
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US1318031D Expired - Lifetime US1318031A (en) | John thomson |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2476916A (en) * | 1945-09-08 | 1949-07-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electric resistance vacuum furnace |
US3632979A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-01-04 | Edward J Mccrink | Converter for producing controlled atmosphere for heat treating |
-
0
- US US1318031D patent/US1318031A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2476916A (en) * | 1945-09-08 | 1949-07-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electric resistance vacuum furnace |
US3632979A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-01-04 | Edward J Mccrink | Converter for producing controlled atmosphere for heat treating |
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