US1317067A - binche - Google Patents

Description

G. BINCHE, e. DUPLUS AND H. PRIGNOL. TWD-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION MOTOR.

Patented Sept. 23,- 1919.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I5. 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Will/MMM? j 15W/ pa/m Z 6.9/

(1.BINCHE,C.DUP|US AND H. PRIGNOL. TWO-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I5` 1917.

Patented Sept. 23, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FIG. 2

G. BINCHE, C. DUPIUS AND H. PRIGNOVL. TWO-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSIONV MOTOR.

l. APPLICATION FILED IAN- I5. 1917.

Patented Sept. 23, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FIG.5

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIcE.

GEonGEs BINGHE, or ANGOULEME,

CLAUDE nUPUIs, or Ivar, am: HENRI PEIGNoL, or

LYON, FRANCE.

Two-sTNoKE-GYCLE EXPLOSION-Moron.

Specification of Letters Patent. n Patentedsept. 23, 1919.

Application led January 15,-1917. Serial No. 142,548.

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGES BINCHE, CLAUDE DUPUIS, and HENRI PRIGNOL, all citizens of the French Republic, residing at Angouleme, Charente, Ivry, Seine, and Lyon, Rhone, respectively, ing-France, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Two-@troke-Cycle Explosion-Motors, of which the following is aV specification. t c

'The motor forming the object of the in- `vention is of the type known as a two cycle motor and is operated by gaseous or liquid volatile or non-volatile fuels such as lighting gas, gases from gas producers or blast-furnaces, petrol, benzin, alcohol, naphthalene vapors, paraffin, shist oil, heavy oils, etc.

The characteristic features of this motor are as follows 1. The admission of the mixture vof air and liquid or gaseous fuel is effected at a volume and pressure regulatable as desired the mixture 'sucked in being then transof mixture into a fixed cylinder and alsoV acts as alguide for the second piston of which it forms4 the cylinder; these two pistons `moving in opposite directions. Each of these pistons is connected to the motor crank shaft byconnecting rods and simultaneous'ly7 transmit the energy produced by the explosion of the gaseous mixture to the crank shaft which is consequently balanced.

`These `two pistons are also the sole movable parts of the distribution or valve gear.

3. Perfect andrapid scavenging of the burnt gases is assured and their mixture with the fresh carbureted gases nrevented 'by the interposition between the burnt gases and carbureted gases of a layer of pure air introduced at suitable pressure into the exyplosion and expansion chamber, Imme-l diately before the transfusion of the fresh charge of carbureted air.

f' 4:. The introduction, transfusion and eX- haust orifices 'are registered by the two pistons and the valves are actuated by the movement of these pistons without the assistance l of any intermediate actuating member. f

5. The motor `can 'rotate in either direction by reason of the symmetry of its construction. At starting the engine it will rotate in the direction imparted to it either by hand or by means of a suitable starter.

In the annexed drawings Figure l is a vertical axial section of the motor at right angles to the motor shaft the pistons being at half stroke.

Fig. 2 isa vertical axial section passing through the motor shaft the pistons being at the end of their stroke atthe moment of 'exhaust and transfusion.

i Fig. '3 is a part vertical section showing automatic admission valve mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a part vertical section of Fig. f1'

showinga compensating piston for regulating the'pressure of the carbureted gases before their introduction into the explosion and expansion chamber. f

In these various figures the same reference letters indicate the same parts.

In Fig. l where the pistons are shown in vv'the middle of their stroke, it is supposed `that the direction of rotation of the motor shaft is such that the piston cylinder a is descending, the said piston cylinder being connected to the motor shaft A by the two rods al a1 the trunnions' azaz and the flyv disks B B fixed to the two parts of said motor shaft A.' The head of the piston cylinder is provided with packing segments which slide in the fixed cylinder c the movement of the'piston cylinder producing the vacuum and sucking thecarbureted gases at atmospheric pressure into the cylinder c.

vThese gases are introduced through the pipe e and automatically lift the valve which when there is no suction is malntained on its seat by a spring lor the like. The suction is Vproduced when the piston-cylinder a descends.

Atfthe Sametime the air which fills the annularV space fr and retained by the valve p lifts-the valves t and is `driven into and compressed in. the annular chamber a- `loss ofl power which is made up by the starting device in the case of the first revolution, or by the energy stored in the disks lB, B during running. The piston?) is connected to the motor shaft by the rod b1 the trunnion b2 and the crank arms or disks B1 B1 which connect the crank trunnions a2 a2 and b2.

At the end of the first quarter of a ro- 'tation ignition takes place as will be explained later on.

At the endof its stroke the piston cylinder a rises again and compresses the fresh gases in the upperpart of the cylinder c these gases being admitted and retained by the automatic valve d.

rlhe orifices 7 situated at the upper part of the piston cylinder 0L coincide with or uncover the recesses g in the wall of the cylinder c and thus establish communication for the gases compressed in the upper part of the cylinder c with the explosion and expansion chamber comprised between the piston cylinder a and the piston and this chamber is filled with fresh gases while the burnt and expanded gases from the previous charge pass out through the outlet i; after the second quarter rotation the pistons occupy the position shown in Fig. 1 vand continuing their movement take the position shown in Fig. 2.

in its rising stroke, the piston cylinder a l has also sucked air into the annular space r through the valve p.

In the fourth quarter rotation the piston cylinder a'descends, the orifices f areclosed and the carbureted gases present in the explosion chamber are compressed. At the commencement of the following revolution a fresh charge' of gases is sucked into the 'upper part of the cylinder c, and the air previously sucked into the annular space r and4 retained by the valve 'p is driven into the chamber s `comprised in the head of the piston cylinder c in which it is retained by fthe vaivest which it had previously lifted to enter said chamber s.

One of lthe openings y coming opposite the sparking plug 7L at the moment when the compression reaches its maximum the ignition takes place.

The weights of the fly-disks B, B are calculated so that at this moment the pistons pass the dead point by reason of the speed acquired and Vthey are driven by the expansion ofthe gases in opposite directions,

=the piston?) after the expansion of the gases a little before it reaches the bottom of its downward stroke uncovers the exhaust ports z' and the burnt gases are evacuated.

Also the piston cylinder a a little before .reaching the end of its upward stroke brings the orifices f opposite recesses u formed in the lateral wall of the cylinder c a little below the recesses g previously described, which puts the compressed air chamber s into communication with the explosion and expansion chamber by means of the orifices o f as shown in Fig. 2.

This compressed air immediately expands and continues to drive out the burnt gases a little before the admission of the fresh gases and is thus interposed between these fresh gases and the burnt gases which latter are completely evacuated without being able to mix with the carbureted gases previously compressed in the upper part of the fixed cylinder c when they are in their turn introducedinto the explosion chamber by the orifices f which uncover the recesses g just before the piston cylinder a reaches the. end of its stroke and communication of the explosion chamber with the chamber s by the openings and recesses u, c, f, has been interrupted and which prevents the entrance of the carbureted gases into said chamber s.

The movement of rotation and the timing continue in the order described.

The orifices and recesses f g u c are equal in number and arranged diametrically opposite each other so that the scavenging of the cylinder a is rapidly effected.

Since when passing the dead point the parts of the motor are perfectly symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane containing the axis of the motor shaft, and the movement of the parts is the s me in either direction of rotation of the motor, it is evident that the motor is reversible and it is sufiicient to start it in one direction or the other to maintain the rotation in such direction.

To stop the motor it is sufiicient to cut off the fuel supply without closing the pipe e orswitching off the ignition.

Ve have described the principal parts of the motor which is intended to be operated by means of gaseous or sufliciently volatile fuels to form with air an explosive mixture; we would add the following remarks:

1. The relative sections of the piston b and cylinder c can be determined so that the amount of expansion in different types of motors can vary. lf for example these sections only difi'er slightly, by making the cylinder c slightly larger' thanpiston b, the

mass of carbureted gas forming a charge would only occupy, at atmospheric pressure, a little more than half the maximum ca.- pacity of the explosion chamber. If however the section of cylinder c is increased without altering that of the 'piston the types of motors can thus be made in'each vof which the .expansionof the burnty gases is more or less extended in the explosion chamber, without having to alter the `compression in the latter for a given length of piston stroke and a given section of the piston b. In `other words in one type ofymotor' ka charge of carbureted gas could bel sucked in by means ofthe cylinder c which charge .at atmospheric ypressure 'would have vtheV volume of the maximum capacity of the explosion chamberwhich would result in a lowvexpansion motor. In another type of motora previous charge couldbe reduced to nearly half while maintaining the same compression for the transfusion ofthe charge itbeing sufficient for thisto diminish the section of the cylinder c without chang- "ing either the section ofthe piston b or the stroke of the pistons. .We are thus able to admit; byu transfusion into the explosion chamber a charge'of carbureted gas which if it were measured at atmospheric pressure wouldhave a volume eithery inferior or equal or evenk greater than the maximum capacity of said chamber while having at the same time suflicient expansion and high compression. The eater the.y expansion thelless will be" the oss of heatv and energy atjthe discharge of the burnt gases andi conselquently the power ofthe motor willy be greater. l n t Y y The explosion is produced in the chamber limited by the inner walls of the piston cylinder a andk by the upper face of the piston b. The explosion of the carbureted mixyture produces a quantity of heat proportional to the quantity of fuel cm'tain'ed inthe charge since oxygen is present` always in quantity morevthan sufficient to assure complete lcombustion ifthe amountof vfuel is correctly proportioned.H Part. ofthis heat passes into the atmosphere; this loss-'of heat exists inV all thermic motorsy and 'in explosion Vor internal combustion motors, it is reduced proportionately asv the expansion of the burnt gases is prolonged. Another partof thecombustion heatfis immediately transformed into mechanical work by the {expansionof the burnt gases and this quantity of, heat utilizedvis so mucligreater as A fr of the piston cylinder a at the proper mo- Y the expansion ofthe gases is more complete.

The remainder of the heat produced lheats the walls of the explosion chamberj l Owing tothe situation of this chamber thecooling of its walls it not effected by a water-jacket or by radiator plates; the said walls Yheating, on the one hand,`the fresh air sucked A into thejchamber r, and, on the other hand the charge of carbureted air sucked into the upper part of the cylinder c. The lateral lower walls of the cylinder c and the cylindrical member E2. guiding the piston cylinder a are alone cooled by the direct action of exteriory means (radiator plates or a water jacket)`..y Consequently in the proved motor there is recuperation of the heat transmitted bythe burnt gases to the .walls of the explosion chamber whichlfvincreases theefiiciency of the motor.

4. The method of construction suppresses all anfractuosity capable of-'producing ed-` dies and` of forming obstacles to the move- -ment of the gases after ignition-and duringthe expansion;`

5.` The two pistons aand b being keyed Vat 180 during the expansionythe' piston cylinder a acts by traction on the trunnions a2 a2 and the piston bl acts by pressure on vso y the trunnion b2 of the crank; these opposite forces deterrn-inethe rotation of the princivpalshaft'without causing an importantreaction on1 the bearings, the longitudinal coupling 4rods being balanced..y

Any suitable means of connection .can be used between the motor cylinders andthe bearings of'. the main shaft A; In the con-y'. struction illustrated this connection is effected by means of a casing a3 inclosing the connecting rods and cranks. 1

yAlso any means can be usedffor cooling fthe 'cylinder c for instance radiator disks Vor as shown in the drawing a water jacket method of cooling has been foundr inprac-I tice sufficient for proper operation of the d motor. i

In Fig. 3'f-a" modification ofthey vdistrib-ution'me'chanisin is illustrated which asin theprevious 'construction is operatedby the displacementofthe piston cylinder a. The orifices' f act asbefore described to 4put the chamber s into communication with the top vment by means of the recesses u and' the oricomponents of the forces transmitted by the fices U so as to introduce the fresh air which comes between the burnt gases and a fresh charge of carbureted air during the scavenging of the burnt gases and also to put the explosion chamber into relation with the ignition device. In this modification the recesses g are dispensed with and the introduction of the carbureted gases is effected by the valves and 7c, the piston a in its down stroke tending to forni a-vacuum in .the upper part of the cylinder 0. 4Owing to the atmospheric pressure the valve j balanced by the spring as allows the quantity of carburetedair necessary to ll the cylinderfc to pass therein. The spring g/ keeps the valve 7c closed. After the explosion has taken place theV piston a reascends. The carbureted gases previously admitted are compressed inthe upper part of the cylinder c. A little before the piston a reaches the top of its stroke the rod of the valve 7o meets the adjustable abutment z directly after the air compressed in the chamber s has expelled the burnt gases; the valve Vc thenopens and the transfusion of the charge of carbureted air into the' explosion chamb'er is effected, without Vit being Yable to minglegwith the burnt gases which are separated from this charge by the air coming out of the chamber s. l 1 Y Apart from this slight difference, the working of the motor is the sameas in the case-of Figs. l and2, the various cycles previously described continue periodically in theorder indicated.

F ig. shows another modification Vfor the purpose of regulating the pressure at which the carbureted gases from the upper part of the cylinder c. aretransfused into the explosion chamber. This device works as follows: f

In its down stroke the piston-cylinder a forces a charge ofcarbureted gas into the upper part of the cylinder c. During this action the piston l `driven by the spring m is at its lower position. The pistonvcylindei` a reascending, the automatic valve Z vis closed again and the charge, of carbureted air compressed by the head of the piston s acts on the piston Z and raises it a little before the limit yof compression which is not lto be exceeded is attained, and in such a `manner that this maximum compression is reached at'the moment when communication is established by the recesses gk and the orifices f between the cylinder c and the Nexplosion chamber; this is effected by giving the spring m theproper dimensions and strength. While the compensating piston is rising the space occupied by the charge is increased to the extent ofdisplacement of the aforesaid piston Z and the compression of the charge is thus limited. As soonfas communication is established between the cylinder v0l and the explosiomny chamber by the recesses g and the orifices f the charge of carbureted Yair expands, its pressure decreases and the compensating piston Z driven back by the spring m returns. to its lower position beforethe communication with the explosion chamber is again closed, so that the charge in the cylinder c is transfused into said chamber.

I/Vhat we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:-*.

l. In a motor of' the character described Vthe combination of a fixed cylinder havin@ vmixture into said fixed cylinder, a valve controlling said admission, a piston cylinder sliding in the part of smaller diameter of the xed cylinder and having an enlarged head provided with an annular chamber and -ports adapted to coincide with one series of said recesses and sliding in the partof the fixed cylinder of larger diameter so that an annular space is formed between the part of small diameter of the piston-cylinder and the part of larger diameter of the fixed cylinder during the movement of the pistoncylinder, a. valve in said fixed Acylinder for admitting air to said annular space, valves in the head of the piston cylinder allowing the air compressed in said annular space by the downward movement of the pistoncylinder headV to pass into the annular chamber in'said head, a pistonlinovable within said piston-cylinder and in reverse directions to the movement of said piston-cylinder means connecting said piston cylinder to said motor shaft, means for igniting the explosive mixture, means for evacuating the burnt gases from the motor and means for transferring the compressedair inthe annular chamber in the piston head'into the ,space comprised between said piston cylinder and piston between the burnt gases passing out from said space and the fresh mixture flowing therein and means for cooling the motor. Y

2. In a motor of the character described the combination of a fixed cylinder having a part of reduced diameterand provided with a series of circumferentially Vdisposed recesses in its part of larger diameter, means for? introducing-flic explosive mixture into said fixed cylinder, a valvein the head of said xed cylinder controlling said admission, a piston cylindersliding in the part of smaller diameter of the xed cylinder and having an enlarged head provided with an Vannular chamber and ports adapted to coincide with said recessesand sliding in the part of the fixed cylinder ofV larger diameter so that an iio annular space is formed between the part of small diameter of the piston-cylinder and the part of larger diameter of the fixed cylinder during the movement of the piston cylinder, a valve in the head of said piston cylinder admitting the mixture therein a valve in said fixed cylinder for admitting air to said annular space, valves in the head of the piston-cylinder allowing the air compressed in said annular space by the downward movement of the piston-cylinder head to pass into the annular chamber in said head, a piston movable within said piston-cylinder and in reverse directions to the movement of said piston-cylinder means connecting said piston to the motor shaft, means connecting said piston cylinder to said motor shaft, means for igniting the explosive mixture, means for evacuating the burnt gases from the motor and means for transferring the compressed air in the annular chamber in the piston head into the space comprised between said piston cylinder and piston between the burnt gases passing out from said space and the fresh mixture flowing therein and means for cooling the motor.

3. In a motor of the character described the combination of a fixed cylinder having a part of reduced diameter and provided with two series of circumferentially disposed recesses in its part of larger diameter, means for introducing the explosive mixture into said fixed cylinder, a valve in the head of said fixed cylinder controllin said admission, a piston cylinder sliding 1n the part of smaller diameter ofthe fixed cylinder and having an enlarged head provided with an annular chamber and ports adapted to coincide with said recesses and slidin in the part of the fixed cylinder of larger iameter, an air admission valve in said fixed cylinder, valves in the head of the piston cylinder for controllin the admission of air into the annular c amber, a piston movable Within said piston-cylinder and in reverse directions to the movement of said piston-cylinder means connecting said piston to the motor shaft, means connecting said piston cylinder to Said motor shaft, means for igniting the explosive mixture, means for evaouating the burnt gases from the motor, means for cooling the motor, a cushioning piston in the head of said fixed cylinder and a spring governing the movement of said cushioning piston. e

In witness whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

Witnesses J EAN GERMAUX, MARIN VAoHoN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for tive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

Images