US1309715A - Ratchet-tool - Google Patents

Description

E. H. BARTON.

RATcHElooL. APPLICAHON FILED SEPT.26. i911 RENEWED DEC. l2. 918.

Patented July 15, 1919.

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EDWARD H. BARTON, OF SPRAGnUE, WASHINGTON.

lRATCHET-TOOL.

Application led September 2 6, 1'9'17', Serial No. 193,358. Renewed December 12, 1918.

T0 all whom t may concern Be it known that I, Elo-wann H. BARTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Spra ue, in the county of Lincoln and State of Vigashington, have invented a new and useful Ratchet-Tool, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to a ratchet tool, and more particularly to the class of reversible Screwdrivers and drills of the ratchet type with interchangeable bits.

The primary object of the invention is the provision of a tool of this character, wherein bits for the execution of different characters of work, can be interchaneed with` despatch, each bit being reversible, thus embodying two implements in one.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a tool of this character wherein the construction thereof is novel in form, to assure the easy handling of the tool, and to render the tool positive in: operation.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a tool of this character, which is simple in construction, thoroughly reliable and eflicaeious in operation, strong, durable, and inexpensive to manufacture.

Other objects will be in part obvious, and in part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features. of construction, combination of elements, and arrangement of parts, which; will be exempliied in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the application of whichY will be indicated in thel following claims.

In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectionalL elevation of a tool, constructed in accordance with the invention, the bit and sleeve being shown by full linesl in normal position, and by dotted lines in another po*V sition for the adjustment of said bit.

Eig.y 2 is a transverse sectional' view on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking in, the direction of the arrowshowing thecatch or aetuator for the pawl or dog 1n neutral position.

Fig. 3 is a similar View toFig; 2, with. the catch. or actuator moved to the left.

Fig.l 4 is a simlarview with the catch or actuator moved to the richt for the reverse action of the ratchet mee -anism Eig. 5 isaJ fragmentary plan view of the Stock of the tool.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of theiferrule.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 15, 1919.

serial No. 266,496.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevation of the sleeve, shank and bit.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the catch or actuator.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the pawl or dog.

Fig. 10 is a plan view o1 a screw-driver and drill bit.

Fig. 11 is a plan view of a. modified form of bit.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view on the line 12-12 of Fig. 7.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several 'views of the drawing.

Referring to the drawing in detail, 1() designates a stock, preferably made from metal having formed longitudinally there in, and opening through the outer end thereof, a chamber 11 -lor accommodating bits, while formed in the opposite end, is the socket 12, which receives the inner end of a rotatable shank 13. The soc-ket'12 is formedy with a widened portion 14, for acconunmlut- 'ing a ratchet wheel 15 and its hub 1G, fixed to or integral with the shank 13, and this hub 16 is shaped to constitute a cone for bearing balls 17, which are held within the portion 14 of the socket 12, thereby mini mining friction in the rotation of the shank. Surrounding the stock 10 for a greater portion of its length, is a sleeve-like hand gri-p or handle 18, which is fixed thereto in any suitable manner, while telescoped upon the remaining portion of the stock 10, is a 'ferrule 19, which is formed with a reduced outer end portion 20, of a c1-'osssectioinil diameter greater than the cross-sectional diameter ot the shank ,13, for the snug slidable fitting of a sleeve 21 therein, which t sleeve loosely surrounds the shank 13, und is iior the purpose hereinafter described.

vTapped through the ferrule 19 and the stock 10, to intersect the socket 12, is a rctaining screw 22, which has itsinner end engaged in the annular groove 23V formed in the shank 13, and in this manner the latter is swiveled in the stock, while said screw 22 also fastens the ferrule upon the stock.

rlhe Walt` of the portion 11 of the socket 12 in the stock 10, is cut away to provide a recess 24E, for accommodatinga duplex pawl or clog'25, andi opening into the recess 241, is a counter-seat 26, which has intersecting the same a notch 27, the latter and the counterseat being formed in the outer face of the wall, and they accommodate an outwardlybowed spring 28, which is formed with hook ends 29, one being engageable in the notch 27, and the other engageable with the pawl or dog 25 to hold the same against movement out of the recess 24, and in operative relation to the ratchet wheel 15. The spring 28 is held in place by the ferrule 19, engaged with the stock.

The ferrule 19 is formed with a transverse slot 30, having at intervals in one edge notches 31, and: working in this slot is the finger-engaging nib or end 32 of the catch or actuator, which is in the form of a mutilated disk 33, which looselyV surrounds the shank 13, the disk being centrally perforated for accommodating the shank. The mutilated portion of said disk 33 serves as a cam edge 34 for action upon the duplex pawl or dog 25, for the right-hand or left-hand ratchet action thereof on the ratchet wheel 15, or for permitting the pawl to assume a neutral position for locking the ratchet wheel against rotation in either direction. The notches 31 permit the nib or end 32, which is suitably roughened for easy finger manipulation, to engage in any one of said notches for holding the catch or actuator in adjusted position.

The shank 13 is formed with a bifurcated outer end, the bifurcation 34a of which receives therein a reversible and removable bit 35, which is formed with a screw-driver end 36 and opposite drill end 37 thus effecting two tools in one, the bit being formed in one face medially thereof with an indentation 38, for the engagement therein of a pivot screw 39, which is threaded throughy one limb of the bifurcated end of the shank 13, so that the bit 35 can be reversed for presenting either end thereof in working position. Y

The bit 35 can be removed for permitting the interchanging of bits, for example, the substitution of the bit 40 shown in Fig. 11 of the drawing, which is formed with different width screw-driver ends 41, thereby making the bit handy for use withdifferent sizes ofscrews. To remove the bit, it is necessary to slide the sleeve 21 inwardly of the ferrule 19, and thereafter swing the hit at right angles to the shank 13, thereupon on twisting the bit, the bifurcated end of the shank will be caused to spread, and a slight pullv upon the bit will disengage it from the screw 39 for the quick removal of said bit. Now to insert a substitute bit, each ofthe 'bits is formed in one or both opposite faces with longitudinal channels or grooves 35" to provide a guide-way for the screw 39, so that on inserting either end of the-'bit in the bifurcation in the shank 13, the rounded end of the screw 39 will engage in the groove Y 35, thereby guidingthe bit until the screw ferrule 19, is a coiled expansion spring'42,

which has one end working against the catch or actuator 33, and its opposite end bearing against the inner end of the sleeve 21, which is formed with a seat l43 for this end of the spring, the latter being designed to force the sleeve outwardly of the reduced end 20 of the ferrule 19. The outward movement of said sleeve is limited by contact thereof with the screw 39,'in which position saidsleeve holds fthe bit 35 against reverse movement, or swinging in the bifurcated end of the shank. The sleeve at its outer end portion is formed with a knurled external surface 44, to be gripped by the lingers of the user when the tool is in operatio-m'thereby guiding and holding said tool properly centered relative to the work. The shank 13 is freelyv rotatable in the sleeve, while the sleeve is freely rotatable in the ferrule. rlhe spring 42 by bearing at one end against the sleeve 21 and at the other against thevactuator 33, performs two functions. lt maintains the sleeve in extended relation and vgives ten sion to the actuator and holds it to its work.

Fitted in the outer end of the chamber 11, in the stock 10, is a removable cap 45, the rim 46 of whichis slotted and telescopes intov the chamber, and working through the slots is a coiled spring 47, which frictionally engages the wall of the chamber 11, to retain the cap in the stock to close the 'chamberrll therein.

It will be obvious, that the tool can be, operated in eitherdirection for either righ-tor left-hand rotation, and when the tool is adapted for use as a screw-driver, itmay. be used to drive the screw into the work, without changing the grip on the handle, or ren'ioving the bit from the screw head, and by shifting the catch or actuator 33, the screw may bewithdrawn under like conditions. If the catch or actuator 33 is shifted to neutral position, shown in l? ig. .-2 ofthe rie drawing, the pawl or dog 25, will lockfwith c the ratchet wheel 15, and the shank13 will not revolve in either direction, and the tool may be used in the usual manner. i

On moving-the sleeve 21 inwardly within the ferrule 19, the bit' 35 Vcan be reversedso that it may be positioned for use as a drill Vor screw-driver, accordingly tothe end presented to the work. The sleeve 21, whenfin the position shown in Fig. 1 ofthe drawing,"

locks the bit against reversal.

It is obvious that by reason of thel bits be- Y ing detachable, different sizes and combina tions of bits ycan be 'interchanged,thereby making the tool handy for the execution of different characters of Work.

From the foregoing, it is thought that the construction and manner of Operation of the tool will be clearly understood, and therefore a more extended explanation has been omitted.

What is claimed is:-

1. In a tool of the character described, a shank having a bifurcated end, a bit mounted in the bifurcated end for swinging movement t0 permit reversal thereof, a freely rotatable sleeve slidable on the shank for movement over the Ibifurcated end to hold the bit in its reversed position, means for limiting the longitudinal movement of the sleeve, a stock supporting the shank, a ferrule on s-aid stock surrounding the shank and sleeve, and a spring Within the ferrule and acting upon the sleeve to normally hold the same 1n its extended position, said sleeve being slidable inwardly against the tension of the spring so as to allow the reversal of the bit.

2. In a tool of the character described, a shank having a bifurcated end, a bit mounted in the bifurcated end for swinging movement to permit reversal thereof, a freely rotatable sleeve slidable on the shank for movement over the bifurcated end to hold the bit in its reversed position, a .pivot screw for detachably holding the bit in said bifui-cated end and forming a stop for the sleeve, and a spring for normally holding the sleeve in extended position against the stop.

3. In a tool of the character described, a shank having a bifurcated end, a bit mounted in the bifurcated end for swinging movement to permit reversal thereof, a freely rotatable sleeve slidable on the shank for movement over the bifurcated end to hold the bit in its reversed position, a pivot screw for detachably holding the bit in said bifurcated end and forming a stop for the sleeve, a stock rotatably supporting the shank, a fel-rule on said stock and surrounding the shank and sleeve, and means Within the ferrule and acting upon the sleeve to nor.- mally hold the same extended against the stop.

4. The combination with a stock, a shank rotatably mounted in and projecting from said stock, a ferrule on said stock surrounding the shank, a freely rotatable sleeve slidable on the shank and litting at its inner end within the ferrule, a spring coiled on the shank and engaging the sleeve and arranged within the ferrule, means for limiting the longitudinal movement of the sleeve, and a double-ended bit pivoted on the outer end of the shank and adapted to be reversed, said sleeve retaining the bit in either of its adjusted positions.

5. In combination With a stock, a shank rotatably mounted in and projecting from said stock, a ferrule on said stock surrounding the shank, a freely rotatable sleeve slidable on the shank, and fitting at its inner' end Within the ferrule, said sleeve having at its outer end a knurled external surface, a spring coiled on the shank and gaging the sleeve and arranged Wlthin the ferrule, means for limiting the longltudinal movement of the sleeve, and a doubleended bit pivoted on the outer end of the shank and adapted to he reversed, said sleeve retaining the bit in either of its adjusted positions, and said knurled external surface being adapted to be grasped when rotating the shank Within the sleeve.

G. In a tool of the character described, a stock *having a hand grip and also provided with a societ, a shank rotatable in the socket, a paWl-and-ratchet mechanism for said shank fitted in the socket, a ferrule surrounding the shank and fitted on the stock .and inclosing said paWl-and-ratchet mechanism, a manually movable actuator cam rotatable on the shank and engageable with the paWl of said paWl-and-ratchet mechanism for moving the same, a sleeve rotatably supported upon the shank and fitted for sliding movement Within Ithe ferrule,

:and a coiled expansion spring surrounding the shank Within the fel-rule and bearing at one end against the sleeve to normally hold 'the latter extended and at the other end vlmaring against the actuator cam.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing :as my own, I have hereto allixed my signature.

EDWARD H, BARTON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

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