US1307864A - Steam-turbine - Google Patents

Description

C. W. JONES.

STEAM TUHBINE.

APPLxcATloN FILED MAR.19.191-8.

WITNESS:

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C. W. JONES.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION man MAR. ls. 1ers.

1 ,$07,864. Patented June 24, 1919.

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` ATTORNEYS.

IN VEN TOR. Wgg/Wr W CHARLES W. JONES, OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

STEAM-TUBBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 24, 1919.

Application Med March 19, 1918. Serial No. 223,286.

To all 11i/wm t may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES W. JoNns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to axial flow turbines of the type having two oppositely ro tating rotors one of which incloses the other.

The invention has for its principal objects to provide an apparatus of the type above wherein the construction and arrangement of the rotors materially simplifies the turbine enabling the saine to be cheaply constructed and readily assembled or demounted; one wherein an improved arrangement for balancing the thrust on the respective rotor shafts is provided, thus reducing the losses due to friction to a minimum; one wherein the steam flow is supplied at various points and including means whereby the steam ow at any desired point may be reduced or increased when it is desired to reduce or increase the speed of the rotors.

`With the above mentioned and other objects in view the invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and set forth in the claim hereto appended, it being understood that various changes in the form, proportion, size and minor details of construction within the scope of the claim may be re sorted to without departing from the s irit or sacrificing any of the advantages o the invention.

To more fully comprehend the invention reference is directed to the accompanying drawings, wherein2 Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the preferred embodiment of my invention, illustrating the respective rotor shafts operating an armature of an electric generator of any well known type.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section view taken centrally through the preferred embodiment of my invention illustrating more particularly the form and arrangement of the oppositely rotating rotors.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view vtaken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2, viewed in the direction of the arrows. t

Y Fig. 4 is e vertical sectional #vierar ef-a thrust bearing, one of which cooperates with each of said rotor shafts, and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

To more fully comprehend the invention reference is directed to the accompanying drawings, wherein like characters of reference designate corresponding parts, and wherein 1, indicates a hollow shell o1' casin preferably' circular in forni and proi ired with a removable closure plate or wall 2, secured in position thereon by the bolts 3. Within the shell or casing l. is mounted a cylindrical rotor 4 preferably formed in halves which arc retained in annular formation, as in the drawing` by rings or other members 5 surrounding the periphery of the saine, said rings being retained in position by suitable bolts 6. The rotor 4 is secured at one edge preferably by bolts 7, to the radial supporting web 8, carried by a shaft 9, supported by a suitable bearing 10, in one wall of the shell or casing l` said shaft passing therethrough and preferably disposed in a horizontal plane. Concent-rically disposed within the rotor 4. with its peripheral surface in spaced relation to the inner surface of said rotor 4, is a second rotor 1l, supported by a` web or disk 1Q fixed to the shaft 13. which is disposed in alincrnent with the shaft 9, and passes to a point exteriorly of the shell or casing 1 through a beni-ing 14 in the plate or wall 2. The rotors 4 and 11 are designed to revolve in opposite directions and the same rotate on respective shafts 9 and 13 in directions opposite to each other.

Carried on the peripheral surface of the rotor 11, and arranged in spaced rows circumferentially thereof are the radially disposed impact vanes 15 which fall short of contacting at their outer ends with the inner surface of the rotor 1. The inner surface of the rotor 4, is provided with thc inwardly extending annular rows of curved reaction blades 16. said rows being positioned intermediate said rows of blades 15, and the free ends of said respective blades falling short of contacting with the peripheral surface of the rotor 11, thus, it will be apparent on the direction of live steam under pressure laterally into the space 17, between said rotors I and' 11, that the saine will act alternately on the blades of the respective rotors causing said rotors to rotate in opposite directions. The space 17 between the rotors increases toward said web Fl to perinit of the expansion oll the lire. steam prior to passing through the ports 1H in the web 8, and eX- hausting front the shell or easing l through the outlets lfl, thus the full expansive force. oll the steam is utilised in the operation of the conrentrimilly disposet'l oppositely rotat ingr rotors.

tarried on the inner fare of the plate or wall i, with its inner edgev lying in close proximity to the corresponding edges of the rotors LlY and 1l is an annular lneniber 20, pro\ ided with a elnnniel Jl, eoi'nniunicating with one or more ducts 2Q, through which live steam under pressure is supplied for the operation of said rotors. Carried on the edges of the respective rotors l and 1l lying adjacent the inner face of the annular nieinber 2H, are spared ballie rings overlapping cooperating baille rings' 24, carried by said nieinber 2U, said rings preventing the escape of st ani between the edges of the rotors and the face of the nicn'iber 2t).

Steam under pressure supplied` to the channel l discharges into the space 17, through suitable nozzles 2D, arranged at spaced intervals cireuinferentially of said member 2l, said nozzles being disposed obliquely to the axis of rotation of said shafts 9 and 13 thereby directing the steam jet issuing therefrom against the blades 15, to control the direction of rotation of said rotors 4 and 11. The steam passing through the nozzles 25 is cont-rolled by the respective valves 26, carried by a suitable 1necha11is1n or casing 27, mounted in and passing through the plate or wall 2. An operating handle :28 is provided for independently operating the respective valves 2G to control the st-ealn supply passing through the respective nozzles Li. To reduce the pressure between the web 2 and the inner surface ol' the plate or Wall 2, and to permit. the escape of any condensation therebetween there are provided one or more drain out/lets 29 connecting with said space and communicating at their outer or discharge ends With the outlet 19.

Owing to the rotating of the rotors 4 and l1 in opposite directions due to the impact and expansion of the steam directed against the blades 15 and 1G, considerable end thrust is placed on the shafts 9 and 13, the tendency of said thrust being to force said shafts in longitudinallyT opposite directions, and to counteract or balance this thrust I provide each of said shafts preferably at a point exteriorly of the shell or casing 1, With a thrust bearing, one of which is illustrated in crosssection in Fig. 4 of the drawings, and for the purposes of description the bearing is set forth as cooperating with shaft 9 and mounted on the exterior surface of the shell or casing l, surrounding Said shaft. The shaft is provided at a point exteriorly of the easing l, with .it flange ltl, between which and a nut ill. threaded ovl r said llange is se cured to rotate with said shal't a eirrular disk $52. 'the dish il! is mounted within a housing rirrular in cross-section and eonsisln ing' of the lare plate 1335 anl shell 2371, said shell and tace plate being serured together and to the wall l by bolts lf passing therethrough. A suitable inember lt, l'ornied ol' lamination is interposed between the tare plato ll, and wall l to properly position said casing relatively to the, dish lc). 'l`he dish 32 rotates willi the shaft supporting saine in a chamber 3T, within the housingV iti and positioned Within said ehanrber one at each side of said dislr, are suitial'i-le annular thrust bearings lt, of any desired type, said bear ings operating on rings Btl carried by oppon site sides of the disk 3Q, and the inner faces of the roiperatiing walls of chamber 3T. rl`hc disk 32 is capatblc of a slight lateral 1no\'e nient between 'the thrust bearings Iii and the outer' face of said disk cooperates adjacent its periphery as at 4l), with a thrust ring 4l, ]n'e.ferably of soft nict'al and arranged eireunil'erentially ol the outer thrust bear ings 38, thus providing a chamber i2 at one side of the disk 32 Within the housing 3i and Within which the thrust bearing 38 is mounted. Fluid under pressure, preferably oil is supplied through the valve controlled pipe 43 to said chamber 42, the pressure of said fluid within the chamber' Ll2 under normal conditions is sutlicient to receive the outs Ward thrust. exerted on said shaft 9, however when said pressure is greater than the thrust on said shaft 9, said disk 32 is forced therdby into slight spaced relation from the ring `il, permitting the es .ap'e of the oil into tbe ehainher 37 troni which it drains through a pipe i4 into a suitable sump, not shown, to be repiunl'ied under pires-sure, into the chaimlber 42.

rIihe thrust bearings 38 are brought into use only in ease the pressure Within the chamber 42 should fail, as under all other conditions said pressure is sufficientto provide a fiuid bearing for countcracting the outward thrust exerted on the shaft.

To insure the uniform operation of the rotors and to prevent one from running Wild When the other is connected to deliver power, said shafts are preferably connected as in Fig. 1 of the drawings, to the armatures of suitable generators, or said shafts may be through a counter-shaft connected to rotate or deliver power to any suitable mechanisrn.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new is:

An axial flow turbine eomprisin a casing open at one side, a closure p ate for closing said opening,` a lpair of concentrically disposed oppositely rotatable rotors mounted Within said casing and supported il t) lUb by sepzn'zile zllined shailil's extending exteriorlyY ol' llie easing in opposite directions, one pzlssing' through the raising` 'all :ind llio olher passing through said Closure pluie, `the peripheral edges ol' .said rotors :it the inlet side of silid tnrlline lying' in pnrnllel spzleed relation :ind providing' between the smile n llllid expmision (-hznnllei' open nl, ifs opposite sides und increasing in :L1-en ltownrd ille discharge side thereof, impact :1nd re- :lolion lilznlvs ezirhried hy the Cooperating snrl'zn-es ol' ille respective rotors and extendingY into sziid olnnnlier Willi the ends of oppositely disposed blades overlapping, :L elmnneled annular ineinlher carried on the inner side of said elosnre plate opposil'e the spaced peripheral edges of said rotors and lying in rlose proximityY lo smid spared edges nl; llle inlel. side ol mid clmnilwr, n plnrnlily ol ilnllpelnlllnt nom/iles (':lrried by mill :illnlllzlr inelnllvr ind :Lrrnngjml rirolllnlelenlizllllv tlim'rol' in slmeed l'rlntion with their discharge ends` projecting lielween the .spliced periplierzil edges oll szlid rotor and :irl-mined nngcniinlly lo :said ohides` :1nd :L rzilvo for eonlrolling;r eau-l1 nozzle.

lin leslilnonir \\\'ln .|eoli lmw signed in y nznne lio thisl spoeilirnlion in llnprescrire ol two snhsrrilling` wilnesses.

CHARLES W'. JONES.

Vitnesses Mrs. C. W. JoNEs, I). B. RICHARDS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C.

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