US11947095B2 - Divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator - Google Patents
Divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US11947095B2 US11947095B2 US16/873,444 US202016873444A US11947095B2 US 11947095 B2 US11947095 B2 US 11947095B2 US 202016873444 A US202016873444 A US 202016873444A US 11947095 B2 US11947095 B2 US 11947095B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cpc
- fresnel lens
- concentrator
- imaging
- domed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active, expires
Links
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
- G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to solar concentrator, more specifically, to divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator.
- the substantially low cost and highly efficient solar concentrator system is the premise.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,094 to Szulmayer disclosed an imaging system consisting of a convergent Fresnel lens, a parabolic concentrator and a cylindrical receiver.
- Szulmayer's invention realized stationary concentration of solar energy with high concentration ratio the first time in history.
- his system only works in a limited range of incident angle of light 30°.
- the convergent Fresnel lens, parabolic concentrator and the cylindrical receiver must be configured for the specially shaped receiver to be located in a special position to intercept the reflected light.
- Another drawback of his invention is that his concentrator can't concentrate diffuse light.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,045 to Chen disclosed a combined imaging and non-imaging system consisting of a convergent Fresnel lens and a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC).
- the convergent Fresnel lens concentrates the intensity of sunlight to 5 times above normal level. Then the focused sunlight is further concentrated to 20 times by the second optical concentrator CPC. Apparently, the system is unable to avoid tracking at all.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,381 to Winston disclosed non-imaging systems and devices for collection and concentration of electromagnetic energy and particularly solar energy.
- Winston's disclosure realizes the concentration of solar energy without substantial diurnal tracking.
- the concentrator of his invention is formed by compounding two parabolic concentrators to form a structure that enables the different reflective surface areas of the concentrator to take turn to reflect incident sunlight to concentrate it.
- the concentrator is referred as Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC).
- CPC Compound Parabolic Concentrator
- the axes of the two parabolic concentrators form an angle called acceptance half-angle ⁇ c .
- the incident light no matter it is beam light or diffuse light, will be collected and concentrated to the exit aperture, as long as it falls into the acceptance half-angle.
- the concentration ratio of the concentrator is determined by ⁇ c . The larger the ⁇ c , the smaller the (concentration ratio. For large ⁇ c , the concentration ratio is a small number.
- the concentration ratio is 2 (refer to John Duffie & William Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 3 rd Edition, 2006, pp 340-347).
- ⁇ c must be as small as 6°.
- the ⁇ c should be at least 75°.
- the concentration ratio should be several hundreds and even more. Therefore, the grand challenge for practical non-imaging concentrator is that it should has small acceptance half-angle for high concentration ratio for CPC, but in the mean time has large acceptance half-angle for stationary concentration.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a non-image system or device that substantially enlarges the acceptance half-angle of CPC to avoid the diurnal tracking for concentration (e.g. realize stationary concentration) and in the mean time realizes large concentration ratio through a system approach.
- a domed divergent Fresnel lens is added above the input aperture of a CPC to form a refraction and reflection system.
- the oblique incident light which originally forms a large incident angle relative to CPC, larger than the acceptance half-angle of CPC, is diverged by the divergent Fresnel lens first, then falls into the acceptance half-angle and get concentrated by the CPC.
- the acceptance half-angle of CPC can be designed as small as possible to raise concentration ratio
- the divergent Fresnel lens can be designed to refract the oblique incident light to enforce it to fall into the acceptance half-angle of the CPC to realize stationary concentration
- a non-tracking non-imaging concentrating system with high concentration ratio is provided for the collection and concentration of solar radiation.
- Comprehended by the invention is a tandem structure with multiple stage concentration units stacked together to form a cascading concentrating system.
- each of the units includes a transparent cover of divergent Fresnel lens and a CPC structure.
- the transparent cover of divergent Fresnel lens and the CPC structure are configured in such a way that the CPC structure with small acceptance half-angle concentrates the incident light with a large concentration ratio and the divergent Fresnel lens changes the direction of incident light to enforce the incident light falling into the acceptance half-angle of the CPC structure.
- both the CPC structure and the divergent Fresnel lens are shaped on the transparent wall of a bulb-like closed structure concentrator.
- the incident light impinging on the stationary apparatus in any direction will be refracted by the divergent Fresnel lens first to fall in the acceptance half-angle of the CPC structure and get concentrated. Therefore, during the diurnal course of the motion of the sun, all the light in varying incident directions will be collected and concentrated.
- the concentrating units are staked, and the incident light is concentrated in cascade, any high concentration ratio is able to be reached.
- FIG. 1 is the prior art of CPC indicated in a schematic drawing on construction of the CPC concentrator, which introduces some key concepts such as acceptance half-angle ⁇ c , focus of each of the parabolas, concentrator aperture, receiver, and axis of parabola.
- FIG. 2 is the prior art of the truncated CPC with the labels of the concentrator structure variables.
- FIG. 3 is the schematic drawing illustrating the work principles of CPC concentrating both the beam light and the diffuse light.
- FIG. 4 is the geometric diagram showing the refraction mechanism that changes the direction of the incident light through the domed divergent Fresnel lens during a diurnal day.
- FIG. 5 is the over view of the first stage of the divergent Fresnel lens and CPC based concentrating system.
- FIG. 6 is the cross-sectional view of the first stage of the divergent Fresnel lens and CPC based concentrating system.
- FIG. 7 is the schematic explanation on the general work principle of the divergent Fresnel lens and CPC based non-tracking non-imaging concentrating system with high concentration ratio.
- FIG. 8 is the two stages divergent Fresnel lens and CPC based non-tracking non-imaging concentrating system with high concentration ratio.
- FIG. 9 is the schematic explanation on the incident angles reduction relative to the axes of the CPC through the domed divergent Fresnel lens.
- FIG. 10 is the schematic explanation on the incident angles increasing relative to the axes of the CPC through the domed convergent Fresnel lens, which is opposite to the instant application.
- FIG. 1 the prior art of the basic concepts of CPC is illustrated in the reference (FIG. 7.6.1 of John Duffle & William Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 4th Edition, 2013, pp 337-344).
- Each side of the CPC is a parabola; the focuses and axis of parabola are indicated. Each parabola extends until its surface is parallel with the CPC axis.
- the angle between the axis of the CPC and the line connecting the focus of one of the parabolas with opposite edge of the aperture is the acceptance half-angle ⁇ c . If the reflector is perfect, any radiation entering the aperture at angles between ⁇ c will be reflected to a receiver at the base of the concentrator by spectacularly reflecting parabolic reflectors.
- the prior art of the CPC is truncated to reduce its height from h to h′ with a resulting saving in reflector area but little sacrifice in performance.
- the truncated CPC is illustrated with the labels of structure variables.
- a′ is the half-size of receiver
- f is the focal lengthy of the elemental parabola for CPC
- ⁇ c is acceptance half-angle
- a is the half-size of aperture of the CPC
- h is the height of CPC
- a T is the half-size of the aperture of truncated CPC
- h T is the height of truncated CPC
- ⁇ T is the truncation angle
- C T and C are concentration ratios of truncated CPC and full CPC respectively, the concentration ratio is a function of the acceptance half-angles and truncation fraction.
- the concentration ratio varies from 1 to 11, as the acceptance half-angle varies from 36° to 5°.
- small acceptance half-angle means small aperture of concentrator and small time interval with no need for tracking. It is contradict to have high concentration ratio and realize daylong stationary concentration for CPC.
- the CPC is able to concentrate both the beam light I b and the diffuse light I d , as long as their incident angles relative to the CPC are smaller than the acceptance half-angle of the CPC.
- a domed divergent Fresnel lens 200 is added on the transparent cover of the conventional CPC 100 with small acceptance half-angle, so that the oblique incident light is refracted to fall in the small acceptance half-angle.
- the morning light with the original incident angle ⁇ 1 relative to the CPC is refracted by the left-hand side of the domed divergent Fresnel lens, and falls into the CPC with the changed incident angle ⁇ 2 , where ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 1 > ⁇ c , ⁇ 2 ⁇ c , the afternoon light is refracted by the right-hand side of the domed divergent Fresnel lens, and the noon light is affected little.
- the CPC concentrator 100 and the domed divergent Fresnel lens 200 are shaped on transparent wall of a bulb-like chamber and form a close structure concentrator.
- the overview of the first stage domed divergent Fresnel lens and CPC based concentrating system is demonstrated in its cross-sectional view.
- the domed divergent Fresnel lens 200 only has one layer. It can be designed into multi-layer structure with multiple layers of domed divergent Fresnel lens.
- the general work principle of the domed divergent Fresnel lens and CPC based non-tracking non-imaging concentrating system is elucidated.
- the incident light is firstly diverged by the divergent Fresnel lens 200 , then is converged by the CPC non-imaging concentrator 100 .
- the domed divergent Fresnel lens is adopted to firstly diverge the light to reduce the incident angles relative to the CPC, then CPC is taken to concentrate the light in large concentration ratio.
- an assembly of multiple concentrators is used to realize arbitrary high concentration ratio of stationary concentrator with broad acceptance angle. For instance, if the concentration ratio of the first stage concentrator is 64 and the concentration ratio of the second stage concentrator is 9, then the total concentration ratio of the stacked concentrator would be 576.
- the work principle of the concentrator structure is elucidated as the following.
- the sunlight is refracted to change direction by various portion of the domed divergent Fresnel lens surrounding the CPC so that the refracted sunlight falls into the relatively small acceptance half-angle of the CPC and is concentrated by it.
- the addition of the domed divergent Fresnel lens to the CPC enlarges the acceptance angle of the CPC, and therefore enables the stationary concentration with high concentration ratio.
- the addition of the domed divergent Fresnel lens to the lower stage CPC concentrator make it possible to accommodate the concentrated light by the upper stage CPC through refracting the light from the upper stage of CPC and therefore to realize cascading amplification of the incident sunlight.
- the stationary concentrator assembly can easily realize arbitrary high concentration ratio.
- the stationary concentrator which is able to concentrate sunlight with high concentration ratio, completely eliminates the need of tracking system and makes it possible to dramatically reduce the cost of solar system.
- Low cost concentrating system is not only able to promote the wide-spread adoption of solar system, but also able to upgrade the application of solar energy.
- the concentrating system can be widely applied to middle and high temperature systems.
- the application of the present invention will extraordinarily reduce the cost of solar thermal power generation.
- the multistage CPC concentrator can not only realize arbitrary high concentration ratio, but also reduce the reflector area of CPC significantly by adopting truncated CPC.
- the present concentrator works for both beam light and diffuse light.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
As shown in the above formula (FIG. 7.6.3 of John Duffie & William Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 4th Edition, 2013, pp 337-344), where a′ is the half-size of receiver, f is the focal lengthy of the elemental parabola for CPC, θc is acceptance half-angle, a is the half-size of aperture of the CPC, h is the height of CPC, aT is the half-size of the aperture of truncated CPC, hT is the height of truncated CPC, ΦT is the truncation angle, CT and C are concentration ratios of truncated CPC and full CPC respectively, the concentration ratio is a function of the acceptance half-angles and truncation fraction. The smaller the acceptance half-angle is, the larger the concentration ratio is. The concentration ratio varies from 1 to 11, as the acceptance half-angle varies from 36° to 5°. For acceptance half-angle 6°, as the height-aperture ratio raises from 1 to 3, the concentration ratio changes from about 4.4 to 8.7. However, small acceptance half-angle means small aperture of concentrator and small time interval with no need for tracking. It is contradict to have high concentration ratio and realize daylong stationary concentration for CPC.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/873,444 US11947095B2 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/873,444 US11947095B2 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20210318528A1 US20210318528A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
US11947095B2 true US11947095B2 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
Family
ID=78006161
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/873,444 Active 2040-06-06 US11947095B2 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11947095B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050092360A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-05 | Roy Clark | Optical concentrator for solar cell electrical power generation |
US8248712B2 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-08-21 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Light ray concentration device |
US20160048008A1 (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-02-18 | Yonghua Wang | Tracking-Free High Concentration Ratio Solar Concentrator |
-
2020
- 2020-04-13 US US16/873,444 patent/US11947095B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050092360A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-05 | Roy Clark | Optical concentrator for solar cell electrical power generation |
US8248712B2 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-08-21 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Light ray concentration device |
US20160048008A1 (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-02-18 | Yonghua Wang | Tracking-Free High Concentration Ratio Solar Concentrator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
John A. Duffie, William A. Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 4th Edition, 2013, pp. 337-344, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210318528A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20160048008A1 (en) | Tracking-Free High Concentration Ratio Solar Concentrator | |
US10020413B2 (en) | Fabrication of a local concentrator system | |
US9520520B2 (en) | Focusing solar light guide module | |
US20080066799A1 (en) | Optical Concentrator for Solar Cell Electrical Power Generation | |
US11365903B2 (en) | Inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator | |
US20060072222A1 (en) | Asymetric, three-dimensional, non-imaging, light concentrator | |
JP2018082143A (en) | Solar cell module | |
US20160079461A1 (en) | Solar generator with focusing optics including toroidal arc lenses | |
KR100933213B1 (en) | Concentration lens for solar power generation | |
US20110197968A1 (en) | Solar collector panel | |
JP2006332113A (en) | Concentrating solar power generation module and solar power generator | |
US20150009568A1 (en) | Light collection system and method | |
US20140048117A1 (en) | Solar energy systems using external reflectors | |
US11947095B2 (en) | Divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking high concentration ratio solar concentrator | |
JP6351459B2 (en) | Solar cell module | |
US11671053B2 (en) | Inflatable divergent Fresnel lens and non-imaging concentrator based non-tracking solar concentrator | |
CN112097405B (en) | Static large-angle solar energy collecting system | |
JPH0637344A (en) | Light-condensing type solar cell module | |
KR101217247B1 (en) | condensing type solar cell | |
TWI538239B (en) | Light collection device and its light collection method | |
KR101851138B1 (en) | Concentrated solar cell module using single optical system | |
Nakatani et al. | Optical Analysis of Secondary Optical Element for Microtracking CPV System with Core-shell Spherical Lens | |
JPS6035048Y2 (en) | point concentrator | |
CN112665201A (en) | Tracking-free solar light condensation system | |
Waterbury et al. | Optical analysis of Cassegrainian point focus concentrators |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO SMALL (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: SMAL); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO MICRO (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: MICR); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO SMALL (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: SMAL); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT RECEIVED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT VERIFIED |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |