US11735902B2 - Bipolar junction transistor heater circuit - Google Patents

Bipolar junction transistor heater circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US11735902B2
US11735902B2 US16/828,336 US202016828336A US11735902B2 US 11735902 B2 US11735902 B2 US 11735902B2 US 202016828336 A US202016828336 A US 202016828336A US 11735902 B2 US11735902 B2 US 11735902B2
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circuit
temperature
bjt
temperature sensor
current
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US20210305804A1 (en
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Aref Kahaei
James Vincent Sousae
Carl T. Nelson
Robert Dobkin
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Analog Devices International ULC
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Analog Devices International ULC
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Assigned to Analog Devices International Unlimited Company reassignment Analog Devices International Unlimited Company ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NELSON, CARL T., DOBKIN, ROBERT, SOUSAE, JAMES VINCENT, KAHAEI, AREF
Priority to CN202120595664.2U priority patent/CN214202193U/en
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Priority to US18/214,405 priority patent/US20230352928A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
    • G05D23/2401—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor using a heating element as a sensing element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/044—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using a semiconductor device to sense the temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/01—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using semiconducting elements having PN junctions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/20—Cooling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/20—Cooling means
    • G06F1/206—Cooling means comprising thermal management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

  • This document relates to integrated circuits and in particular to circuits that heat an integrated circuit die to provide a set temperature for operating the integrated circuit die.
  • Temperature compensation in circuits is a concern for electronic system designers. Many approaches have been used to achieve insensitivity of circuits to ambient temperature changes.
  • an integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit comprises a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • a method of operating an IC heater circuit comprises consuming power using a drive circuit of the IC; activating and deactivating the drive circuit using a temperature sensor included in the IC to control temperature of the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and adjusting variation in temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor using a control circuit included in the IC.
  • an IC comprises a voltage reference circuit; and an IC heater circuit.
  • the IC heater circuit includes a drive circuit including a resistive circuit load, wherein the drive circuit id configured to increase the temperature of the IC by applying a drive current to the resistive circuit load; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to produce an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor to reduce variation in the produced ambient temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a heater circuit for an integrated circuit (IC) in an aspect.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for a temperature sensor in an aspect.
  • FIG. 3 is a plot of resistance of a pinch resistor and the value of a base voltage of a transistor of a temperature sensor in an aspect.
  • FIGS. 4 A- 4 B contain a circuit diagram of a drive circuit for an IC heater circuit in an aspect.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are plots showing the variation in set temperature for two difference temperature sensor circuits.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example of a method of operating an IC heater circuit.
  • temperature compensation in circuits can be a concern.
  • Many approaches have been used to achieve insensitivity of circuits to ambient temperature changes.
  • previous approaches have attempted to design circuits with operating parameters that are insensitive to changes in temperature.
  • Another approach to address temperature compensation is to stabilize the temperature of the die by including a heater circuit in the die to maintain a steady set-temperature in the die.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an integrated circuit (IC) 100 that includes a heater circuit 105 .
  • the heater circuit 105 senses the temperature of the IC and burns just enough power to increase the ambient temperature of the IC to reach the pre-selected set temperature.
  • the heater circuit 105 includes a drive circuit 110 , a temperature sensor 115 , and a control circuit 120 .
  • the drive circuit 110 increases the temperature of the IC when consuming power.
  • the drive circuit 110 may apply a drive current to a resistive load to burn power to increase the temperature of the IC.
  • the temperature sensor 115 is coupled to a control node 125 of the drive circuit 110 .
  • the temperature sensor 115 activates and deactivates the drive circuit 110 using the control node 125 to provide an ambient temperature for the IC.
  • the temperature sensor 115 pulls the voltage of the control node 125 towards circuit ground to reduce the drive current generated by the drive circuit 110 . Reducing the drive current reduces the power consumed by the drive circuit 110 and reduces the heating produced by the heater circuit 105 .
  • the magnitude of the current of the temperature sensor 115 varies with temperature.
  • This temperature sensitive current can be used to reduce the drive current of the drive circuit with increase in temperature.
  • the time sensitive current of the temperature sensor 115 is a pull down current that pulls the control node toward circuit ground to reduce the drive current of the drive circuit.
  • the magnitude of the current may increase with temperature to increase the drive strength of a pull down circuit included in the temperature sensor 115 .
  • the temperature sensor 115 reduces the drive current of the drive circuit as temperature increases and provides negative circuit feedback to the drive circuit 110 .
  • a voltage reference circuit 130 can be included in the IC. Because the set temperature of the IC is known, the voltage reference circuit 130 can be designed to produce the desired voltage reference at the set temperature, and the voltage reference circuit 130 does not need to be designed to provide the desired voltage reference over a range of possible temperatures.
  • a challenge of controlling the heater circuit 105 using a temperature sensor 115 is achieving an accurate set temperature. Temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor 115 can vary with process. The process variation may cause too much variation in the resulting set temperature of the heater circuit. This may cause too much variation in circuit operating parameters such as the reference voltage.
  • control circuit 120 adjusts variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor with the result that the pre-chosen set temperature of the heater circuit is achieved despite changes in variation of temperature sensitivity due to variation in process.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an example of a circuit for a temperature sensor 215 .
  • the temperature sensor 215 includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 235 coupled to the control node 225 of the drive circuit that provides a pull down current at the collector region that varies with temperature to the control node 225 .
  • BJT bipolar junction transistor
  • the temperature sensor 215 senses the temperature and causes the drive circuit to burn just enough power to heat the IC to reach the set temperature.
  • the temperature sensor circuit 215 includes a control circuit.
  • the control circuit includes a bias circuit 240 configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT 235 .
  • the base emitter voltage (V BE ) is used to set the current at the collector to control the drive circuit.
  • the BJT 235 Upon circuit startup, the BJT 235 will be off at first because the forced V BE voltage applied to it is not large enough at a lower temperature to conduct and pull down the collector coupled to the control node 225 . This causes the drive circuit connected to the control node to be fully on at startup until the burned power increases the temperature of the die and the BJT 235 is turned on. When the BJT 235 turns on, the BJT collector pulls down on the control node until the power being burned in the drive circuit is just enough for the circuit to stabilize and maintain a fixed set-temperature.
  • I SS is the substrate saturation current of the BJT 235 .
  • the set temperature of the IC heater circuit is determined by the I SS of the BJT 235 and the forced V BE applied to the BJT 235 .
  • the I SS in turn varies with temperature. If the V BE is fixed, the current at the collector of the BJT will vary with temperature.
  • a challenge is that the I SS of a BJT 235 varies over process and this means the set temperature of the IC heater circuit also varies with process. In some IC applications the uniformity of the set temperature can be very important.
  • V BE bias to offset the variation in temperature sensitivity of I SS .
  • the variation in I SS can be compensated by the forced V BE not being a fixed voltage, but instead a voltage that also varies with process.
  • the variation in V BE should vary inversely with the variation in I SS of the BJT 235 so that the bias voltage provided by the bias circuit varies temperature inversely with the variation in inversely with the pull down current provided by the BJT 235 .
  • the bias circuit 240 includes a resistive divider circuit that generates the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT from a stable voltage (e.g., V DC 245 ).
  • the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor (Rpinch) having a resistance value that varies with temperature in a way that tracks the change in I SS of the BJT 235 .
  • the resistance of the pinch resistor value tracks I SS
  • I SS is less than nominal for the BJT 235
  • the resistance of the pinch resistor will also be less than nominal, and this will increase the value of the forced V BE produced by the bias circuit.
  • I SS of the BJT 235 is higher than nominal, the resistance of the pinch resistor will move in the other direction to decrease the value of the forced V BE .
  • This compensation of V BE helps to achieve a tighter set-temperature distribution for the IC heater circuit despite process variations.
  • FIG. 3 is a plot of resistance of a pinch resistor and the value of V BE .
  • the bias voltage V BE is lower, and when the resistance value is low the V BE is higher. Because the resistance value tracks I SS , the graph also shows the correlation of I SS and V BE .
  • I SS is higher, the bias voltage V BE is lower to compensate for the higher I SS and return the temperature sensitivity of the BJT collector current to nominal.
  • I SS is lower, the V BE is higher to compensate for the lower I SS to provide nominal temperature sensitivity for the collector current.
  • FIGS. 4 A- 4 B contain a circuit diagram of an example of a drive circuit 410 of an IC heater circuit.
  • the drive circuit 410 includes a resistive circuit 430 as a circuit load.
  • the drive circuit 410 applies a drive current to the resistive circuit to burn power to increase the temperature of the IC.
  • the drive circuit 410 includes a control node 425 .
  • Transistor 435 and pinch resistor (Rpinch) are included in a temperature sensor circuit that adjusts the voltage of the control node 425 to adjust the drive current applied to the resistive circuit 430 , and thereby adjusts the amount of power consumed by the drive circuit 410 to adjust the temperature of an IC.
  • FIG. 5 is a plot showing the variation in set temperature for the IC heater circuit when a bias circuit without a pinch resistor is used to bias the BJT.
  • the set temperature varies over a range from about 83° C. to 99° C.
  • FIG. 6 is a plot showing variation in set temperature when a bias circuit with a pinch resistor is used to bias the BJT. The set temperature is tightened to about 89° C.
  • the specific set temperature may be set by design of the BJT and the nominal value of V BE .
  • the value of the set temperature of the heater circuit decreases by roughly 9° C. when the size of the BJT is doubled.
  • the value of the set temperature increases by 9° C. when the bias current of the BJT is doubled.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method 700 of operating an IC heater circuit.
  • power is consumed using a drive circuit of the IC to raise the temperature of the IC. This can be accomplished by applying a current to a resistive circuit load or by operating another type of IC circuit to produce heat.
  • the drive circuit is controlled by a temperature sensor included in the IC to activate and deactivate the drive circuit.
  • a current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature, and the current is used to reduce the drive current applied by the drive circuit.
  • variation in temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor is adjusted using a control circuit included in the IC.
  • the temperature sensor includes a transistor to provide the current to control the drive circuit.
  • the control circuit provides a bias voltage to the transistor that tracks temperature inversely to the sensor current to compensate for variation in temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor.
  • a first Aspect can include subject matter (such as an integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit) comprising a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor.
  • subject matter such as an integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit
  • a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power
  • a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature
  • a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 1 optionally includes a temperature sensor configured to provide a pull down current that increases with temperature to the control node of the drive circuit; and a control circuit that includes a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
  • the subject matter of one or both of Aspects 1 and 2 optionally includes a temperature sensor that includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) coupled to the control node of the drive circuit that provides a pull down current that varies with temperature to the control node; and a control circuit includes a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
  • BJT bipolar junction transistor
  • the subject matter of Aspect 3 optionally includes a bias circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 3 optionally includes a resistive divider circuit configured to generate the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT, and the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature and the bias voltage generated by the resistive divider circuit varies inversely to a temperature variation of a component of the pull down current of the BJT.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 5 optionally includes the component of the pull down current of the BJT is a saturation current of the BJT and the BJT is sized to produce a saturation current that controls the drive circuit to heat the IC to a specified temperature that is within the range of eighty to one hundred degrees Celsius (80° C.-100° C.).
  • Aspect 7 the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 1-6 optionally includes a resistive circuit.
  • the drive circuit is configured to apply a drive current to the resistive circuit to increase temperature of the IC, and the temperature sensor is configured reduce the drive current of the drive circuit with increase in temperature.
  • Aspect 8 can include subject matter (such as a method of operating an IC heater circuit) or can optionally be combined one or any combination of Aspects 1-7 to include such subject matter, comprising consuming power using a drive circuit of the IC; activating and deactivating the drive circuit using a temperature sensor included in the IC to control temperature of the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and adjusting variation in temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor using a control circuit included in the IC.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 8 optionally includes providing a pull down current to a control node of the drive circuit using the temperature sensor, wherein the pull down current of the temperature sensor increases with temperature; and providing circuit feedback to the temperature sensor that varies inversely with the pull down current of the temperature sensor.
  • the subject matter of one or both of Aspects 8 and 9 optionally includes providing a pull down current to a control node of the drive circuit using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) included in the temperature sensing circuit, wherein the pull down current of the BJT varies with temperature; and forcing a bias voltage at a base region of the BJT to vary with temperature inversely with the pull down current of the BJT using the control circuit.
  • BJT bipolar junction transistor
  • the subject matter of Aspect 10 optionally includes setting the bias voltage of the base region of the BJT using a bias circuit that includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature inversely with the pull down current of the BJT.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 10 optionally includes setting the bias voltage of the base region of the BJT using a bias circuit that includes a resistive divider configured to generate the bias voltage using a circuit supply voltage; and varying the bias voltage inversely to the temperature variation in pull down current using a pinch resistor included in the resistive divider circuit.
  • Aspect 13 the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 8-12 optionally includes driving current through a resistive load of the drive circuit to increase temperature of the IC; and the activating and deactivating the control node of the drive circuit using the temperature sensor increases and decreases the current through the resistive load.
  • Aspect 14 the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 8-13 optionally includes activating and deactivating the drive circuit to set an ambient temperature of the IC to a set temperature within the range of eighty to one hundred degrees Celsius (80-100° C.).
  • Aspect 15 includes subject matter (such as an IC) or can optionally be combined with one or any combination of Aspects 1-14 to include such subject matter, comprising a voltage reference circuit and an IC heater circuit.
  • the IC heater circuit includes a drive circuit including a resistive circuit load, wherein the drive circuit id configured to increase the temperature of the IC by applying a drive current to the resistive circuit load; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to produce an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor to reduce variation in the produced ambient temperature.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 15 optionally includes a temperature sensor configured to provide a pull down current that increases with temperature to the control node of the drive circuit; and a control circuit configured to provide circuit feedback to the temperature that varies inversely with the pull down current of the temperature sensor.
  • the subject matter of one or both of Aspects 14 and 15 optionally includes a temperature sensor including a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) coupled to the control node of the drive circuit that provides a pull down current to the control node that varies with temperature; and a control circuit including a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
  • BJT bipolar junction transistor
  • Aspect 18 the subject matter of Aspect 17 optionally includes a bias circuit including a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature inversely with the pull down current of the BJT.
  • the subject matter of Aspect 17 optionally includes a bias circuit includes a resistive divider circuit configured to generate the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT, wherein the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature inversely with a component of the pull down current of the BJT.
  • the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 17-19 optionally includes a drive circuit that turns on before the BJT transistor upon a circuit startup, and the bias voltage generated by the bias circuit is less than a turn voltage of the BJT at the circuit startup.
  • the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one, independent of any other instances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.”
  • the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated.
  • Method examples described herein can be machine or computer-implemented at least in part.

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Abstract

An integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit comprises a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor.

Description

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
This document relates to integrated circuits and in particular to circuits that heat an integrated circuit die to provide a set temperature for operating the integrated circuit die.
BACKGROUND
Changes in temperature may change operating parameters of integrated circuits. Temperature compensation in circuits is a concern for electronic system designers. Many approaches have been used to achieve insensitivity of circuits to ambient temperature changes.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
This document relates generally to integrated circuits and methods of their operation. In some aspects, an integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit comprises a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor.
In some aspects, a method of operating an IC heater circuit comprises consuming power using a drive circuit of the IC; activating and deactivating the drive circuit using a temperature sensor included in the IC to control temperature of the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and adjusting variation in temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor using a control circuit included in the IC.
In some aspects, an IC comprises a voltage reference circuit; and an IC heater circuit. The IC heater circuit includes a drive circuit including a resistive circuit load, wherein the drive circuit id configured to increase the temperature of the IC by applying a drive current to the resistive circuit load; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to produce an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor to reduce variation in the produced ambient temperature.
This section is intended to provide an overview of subject matter of the present patent application. It is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive explanation of the invention. The detailed description is included to provide further information about the present patent application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a heater circuit for an integrated circuit (IC) in an aspect.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for a temperature sensor in an aspect.
FIG. 3 is a plot of resistance of a pinch resistor and the value of a base voltage of a transistor of a temperature sensor in an aspect.
FIGS. 4A-4B contain a circuit diagram of a drive circuit for an IC heater circuit in an aspect.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are plots showing the variation in set temperature for two difference temperature sensor circuits.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example of a method of operating an IC heater circuit.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As explained previously herein, temperature compensation in circuits can be a concern. Many approaches have been used to achieve insensitivity of circuits to ambient temperature changes. In general, previous approaches have attempted to design circuits with operating parameters that are insensitive to changes in temperature. Another approach to address temperature compensation is to stabilize the temperature of the die by including a heater circuit in the die to maintain a steady set-temperature in the die.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an integrated circuit (IC) 100 that includes a heater circuit 105. The heater circuit 105 senses the temperature of the IC and burns just enough power to increase the ambient temperature of the IC to reach the pre-selected set temperature.
The heater circuit 105 includes a drive circuit 110, a temperature sensor 115, and a control circuit 120. The drive circuit 110 increases the temperature of the IC when consuming power. In an example intended to be non-limiting, the drive circuit 110 may apply a drive current to a resistive load to burn power to increase the temperature of the IC.
The temperature sensor 115 is coupled to a control node 125 of the drive circuit 110. The temperature sensor 115 activates and deactivates the drive circuit 110 using the control node 125 to provide an ambient temperature for the IC. In some aspects, the temperature sensor 115 pulls the voltage of the control node 125 towards circuit ground to reduce the drive current generated by the drive circuit 110. Reducing the drive current reduces the power consumed by the drive circuit 110 and reduces the heating produced by the heater circuit 105.
The magnitude of the current of the temperature sensor 115 varies with temperature. This temperature sensitive current can be used to reduce the drive current of the drive circuit with increase in temperature. In some aspects, the time sensitive current of the temperature sensor 115 is a pull down current that pulls the control node toward circuit ground to reduce the drive current of the drive circuit. The magnitude of the current may increase with temperature to increase the drive strength of a pull down circuit included in the temperature sensor 115. Thus, the temperature sensor 115 reduces the drive current of the drive circuit as temperature increases and provides negative circuit feedback to the drive circuit 110.
Setting the temperature of the IC 100 allows operating parameters of the IC to be stable without using temperature insensitive circuits. For example, a voltage reference circuit 130 can be included in the IC. Because the set temperature of the IC is known, the voltage reference circuit 130 can be designed to produce the desired voltage reference at the set temperature, and the voltage reference circuit 130 does not need to be designed to provide the desired voltage reference over a range of possible temperatures.
A challenge of controlling the heater circuit 105 using a temperature sensor 115 is achieving an accurate set temperature. Temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor 115 can vary with process. The process variation may cause too much variation in the resulting set temperature of the heater circuit. This may cause too much variation in circuit operating parameters such as the reference voltage.
To resolve variation in temperature sensitivity, the control circuit 120 adjusts variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor with the result that the pre-chosen set temperature of the heater circuit is achieved despite changes in variation of temperature sensitivity due to variation in process.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an example of a circuit for a temperature sensor 215. The temperature sensor 215 includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 235 coupled to the control node 225 of the drive circuit that provides a pull down current at the collector region that varies with temperature to the control node 225. The temperature sensor 215 senses the temperature and causes the drive circuit to burn just enough power to heat the IC to reach the set temperature.
The temperature sensor circuit 215 includes a control circuit. The control circuit includes a bias circuit 240 configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT 235. The base emitter voltage (VBE) is used to set the current at the collector to control the drive circuit.
Upon circuit startup, the BJT 235 will be off at first because the forced VBE voltage applied to it is not large enough at a lower temperature to conduct and pull down the collector coupled to the control node 225. This causes the drive circuit connected to the control node to be fully on at startup until the burned power increases the temperature of the die and the BJT 235 is turned on. When the BJT 235 turns on, the BJT collector pulls down on the control node until the power being burned in the drive circuit is just enough for the circuit to stabilize and maintain a fixed set-temperature.
The current at the collector of the BJT 235 (IC) can be expressed as
I C =I SS(e V BE/ V T ).
where ISS is the substrate saturation current of the BJT 235. The set temperature of the IC heater circuit is determined by the ISS of the BJT 235 and the forced VBE applied to the BJT 235. The ISS in turn varies with temperature. If the VBE is fixed, the current at the collector of the BJT will vary with temperature. A challenge is that the ISS of a BJT 235 varies over process and this means the set temperature of the IC heater circuit also varies with process. In some IC applications the uniformity of the set temperature can be very important.
An approach to address unwanted variation in set temperature is to vary the VBE bias to offset the variation in temperature sensitivity of ISS. The variation in ISS can be compensated by the forced VBE not being a fixed voltage, but instead a voltage that also varies with process. The variation in VBE should vary inversely with the variation in ISS of the BJT 235 so that the bias voltage provided by the bias circuit varies temperature inversely with the variation in inversely with the pull down current provided by the BJT 235.
In the temperature sensor example of FIG. 2 , the bias circuit 240 includes a resistive divider circuit that generates the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT from a stable voltage (e.g., VDC 245). The resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor (Rpinch) having a resistance value that varies with temperature in a way that tracks the change in ISS of the BJT 235.
Because the resistance of the pinch resistor value tracks ISS, if ISS is less than nominal for the BJT 235, the resistance of the pinch resistor will also be less than nominal, and this will increase the value of the forced VBE produced by the bias circuit. If ISS of the BJT 235 is higher than nominal, the resistance of the pinch resistor will move in the other direction to decrease the value of the forced VBE. This compensation of VBE helps to achieve a tighter set-temperature distribution for the IC heater circuit despite process variations.
FIG. 3 is a plot of resistance of a pinch resistor and the value of VBE. When the resistance value of the pinch resistor is high, the bias voltage VBE is lower, and when the resistance value is low the VBE is higher. Because the resistance value tracks ISS, the graph also shows the correlation of ISS and VBE. When ISS is higher, the bias voltage VBE is lower to compensate for the higher ISS and return the temperature sensitivity of the BJT collector current to nominal. And when ISS is lower, the VBE is higher to compensate for the lower ISS to provide nominal temperature sensitivity for the collector current.
FIGS. 4A-4B contain a circuit diagram of an example of a drive circuit 410 of an IC heater circuit. The drive circuit 410 includes a resistive circuit 430 as a circuit load. The drive circuit 410 applies a drive current to the resistive circuit to burn power to increase the temperature of the IC. The drive circuit 410 includes a control node 425. Transistor 435 and pinch resistor (Rpinch) are included in a temperature sensor circuit that adjusts the voltage of the control node 425 to adjust the drive current applied to the resistive circuit 430, and thereby adjusts the amount of power consumed by the drive circuit 410 to adjust the temperature of an IC.
FIG. 5 is a plot showing the variation in set temperature for the IC heater circuit when a bias circuit without a pinch resistor is used to bias the BJT. The set temperature varies over a range from about 83° C. to 99° C. FIG. 6 is a plot showing variation in set temperature when a bias circuit with a pinch resistor is used to bias the BJT. The set temperature is tightened to about 89° C.
The specific set temperature may be set by design of the BJT and the nominal value of VBE. The value of the set temperature of the heater circuit decreases by roughly 9° C. when the size of the BJT is doubled. The value of the set temperature increases by 9° C. when the bias current of the BJT is doubled. Once the BJT is designed to select the desired set temperature, the base voltage bias VBE can be adjusted to compensate for process variation in set temperature.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method 700 of operating an IC heater circuit. At 705, power is consumed using a drive circuit of the IC to raise the temperature of the IC. This can be accomplished by applying a current to a resistive circuit load or by operating another type of IC circuit to produce heat.
At 710, the drive circuit is controlled by a temperature sensor included in the IC to activate and deactivate the drive circuit. In some aspects, a current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature, and the current is used to reduce the drive current applied by the drive circuit.
At 715, variation in temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor is adjusted using a control circuit included in the IC. In some aspects, the temperature sensor includes a transistor to provide the current to control the drive circuit. The control circuit provides a bias voltage to the transistor that tracks temperature inversely to the sensor current to compensate for variation in temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor.
It can be seen that the devices and methods described herein overcome the limitations of conventional approaches to temperature compensation of integrated circuits.
Additional Description and Aspects
A first Aspect (Aspect 1) can include subject matter (such as an integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit) comprising a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor.
In Aspect 2, the subject matter of Aspect 1 optionally includes a temperature sensor configured to provide a pull down current that increases with temperature to the control node of the drive circuit; and a control circuit that includes a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 3, the subject matter of one or both of Aspects 1 and 2 optionally includes a temperature sensor that includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) coupled to the control node of the drive circuit that provides a pull down current that varies with temperature to the control node; and a control circuit includes a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 4, the subject matter of Aspect 3 optionally includes a bias circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature.
In Aspect 5, the subject matter of Aspect 3 optionally includes a resistive divider circuit configured to generate the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT, and the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature and the bias voltage generated by the resistive divider circuit varies inversely to a temperature variation of a component of the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 6, the subject matter of Aspect 5 optionally includes the component of the pull down current of the BJT is a saturation current of the BJT and the BJT is sized to produce a saturation current that controls the drive circuit to heat the IC to a specified temperature that is within the range of eighty to one hundred degrees Celsius (80° C.-100° C.).
In Aspect 7, the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 1-6 optionally includes a resistive circuit. The drive circuit is configured to apply a drive current to the resistive circuit to increase temperature of the IC, and the temperature sensor is configured reduce the drive current of the drive circuit with increase in temperature.
Aspect 8 can include subject matter (such as a method of operating an IC heater circuit) or can optionally be combined one or any combination of Aspects 1-7 to include such subject matter, comprising consuming power using a drive circuit of the IC; activating and deactivating the drive circuit using a temperature sensor included in the IC to control temperature of the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and adjusting variation in temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor using a control circuit included in the IC.
In Aspect 9, the subject matter of Aspect 8 optionally includes providing a pull down current to a control node of the drive circuit using the temperature sensor, wherein the pull down current of the temperature sensor increases with temperature; and providing circuit feedback to the temperature sensor that varies inversely with the pull down current of the temperature sensor.
In Aspect 10, the subject matter of one or both of Aspects 8 and 9 optionally includes providing a pull down current to a control node of the drive circuit using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) included in the temperature sensing circuit, wherein the pull down current of the BJT varies with temperature; and forcing a bias voltage at a base region of the BJT to vary with temperature inversely with the pull down current of the BJT using the control circuit.
In Aspect 11, the subject matter of Aspect 10 optionally includes setting the bias voltage of the base region of the BJT using a bias circuit that includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature inversely with the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 12, the subject matter of Aspect 10 optionally includes setting the bias voltage of the base region of the BJT using a bias circuit that includes a resistive divider configured to generate the bias voltage using a circuit supply voltage; and varying the bias voltage inversely to the temperature variation in pull down current using a pinch resistor included in the resistive divider circuit.
In Aspect 13, the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 8-12 optionally includes driving current through a resistive load of the drive circuit to increase temperature of the IC; and the activating and deactivating the control node of the drive circuit using the temperature sensor increases and decreases the current through the resistive load.
In Aspect 14, the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 8-13 optionally includes activating and deactivating the drive circuit to set an ambient temperature of the IC to a set temperature within the range of eighty to one hundred degrees Celsius (80-100° C.).
Aspect 15 includes subject matter (such as an IC) or can optionally be combined with one or any combination of Aspects 1-14 to include such subject matter, comprising a voltage reference circuit and an IC heater circuit. The IC heater circuit includes a drive circuit including a resistive circuit load, wherein the drive circuit id configured to increase the temperature of the IC by applying a drive current to the resistive circuit load; a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to produce an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature; and a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor to reduce variation in the produced ambient temperature.
In Aspect 16, the subject matter of Aspect 15 optionally includes a temperature sensor configured to provide a pull down current that increases with temperature to the control node of the drive circuit; and a control circuit configured to provide circuit feedback to the temperature that varies inversely with the pull down current of the temperature sensor.
In Aspect 17, the subject matter of one or both of Aspects 14 and 15 optionally includes a temperature sensor including a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) coupled to the control node of the drive circuit that provides a pull down current to the control node that varies with temperature; and a control circuit including a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 18, the subject matter of Aspect 17 optionally includes a bias circuit including a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature inversely with the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 19, the subject matter of Aspect 17 optionally includes a bias circuit includes a resistive divider circuit configured to generate the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT, wherein the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature inversely with a component of the pull down current of the BJT.
In Aspect 20, the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 17-19 optionally includes a drive circuit that turns on before the BJT transistor upon a circuit startup, and the bias voltage generated by the bias circuit is less than a turn voltage of the BJT at the circuit startup.
These non-limiting Aspects can be combined in any permutation or combination. The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples” or “aspects.” All publications, patents, and patent documents referred to in this document are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, as though individually incorporated by reference. In the event of inconsistent usages between this document and those documents so incorporated by reference, the usage in the incorporated reference(s) should be considered supplementary to that of this document; for irreconcilable inconsistencies, the usage in this document controls.
In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one, independent of any other instances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, device, article, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.
Method examples described herein can be machine or computer-implemented at least in part.
The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Claims (11)

What is claimed is:
1. An integrated circuit (IC) heater circuit comprising:
a drive circuit configured to increase the temperature of the IC when consuming power;
a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to provide an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to provide a pull down current that increases with temperature to the control node of the drive circuit; and
a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide circuit feedback to the temperature that varies inversely with the pull down current of the temperature sensor.
2. The IC heater circuit of claim 1,
wherein the temperature sensor includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) coupled to the control node of the drive circuit that provides the pull down current that varies with temperature to the control node; and
wherein the control circuit includes a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
3. The IC heater circuit of claim 2, wherein the bias circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature.
4. The IC heater circuit of claim 2, wherein the bias circuit includes a resistive divider circuit configured to generate the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT, wherein the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature and the bias voltage generated by the resistive divider circuit varies inversely to a temperature variation of a component of the pull down current of the BJT.
5. The IC heater circuit of claim 4,
wherein the temperature of the IC produced by the drive circuit is determined by the size of the BJT.
6. The IC heater circuit of claim 1, including:
a resistive circuit;
wherein the drive circuit is configured to apply a drive current to the resistive circuit to increase temperature of the IC; and
wherein the temperature sensor is configured to reduce the drive current of the drive circuit with increase in temperature.
7. An integrated circuit (IC) comprising:
a voltage reference circuit; and
an IC heater circuit, the IC heater circuit including:
a drive circuit including a resistive circuit load, wherein the drive circuit is configured to increase the temperature of the IC by applying a drive current to the resistive circuit load;
a temperature sensor coupled to a control node of the drive circuit to activate and deactivate the drive circuit to produce an ambient temperature for the IC, wherein current of the temperature sensor varies with temperature, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to provide a pull down current that increases with temperature to the control node of the drive circuit; and
a control circuit coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust variation in the temperature sensitivity of the current of the temperature sensor to reduce variation in the produced ambient temperature, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide circuit feedback to the temperature that varies inversely with the pull down current of the temperature sensor.
8. The IC of claim 7,
wherein the temperature sensor includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) coupled to the control node of the drive circuit that provides the pull down current to the control node that varies with temperature; and
wherein the control circuit includes a bias circuit configured to apply a bias voltage to a base region of the BJT, and the bias circuit is configured to vary the bias voltage of the bias circuit with temperature inversely to the pull down current of the BJT.
9. The IC of claim 8, wherein the bias circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature proportional to the pull down current of the BJT.
10. The IC of claim 8, wherein the bias circuit includes a resistive divider circuit configured to generate the bias voltage at the base region of the BJT, wherein the resistive divider circuit includes a pinch resistor having a resistance that varies with temperature proportional to a component of the pull down current of the BJT.
11. The IC of claim 8, wherein the drive circuit turns on before the BJT transistor upon a circuit startup, and the bias voltage generated by the bias circuit is less than a turn on voltage of the BJT at the circuit startup.
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