US1169354A - Sliding-valve explosion-motor. - Google Patents

Description

S. A. REEVE.

SLIDING VALVE EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUN: 1o, |909.

L, Patented @11.25, 1916.

s, A. HEEVE.

SLIDING VALVEEXPLOSIQN MOTOR.

wanted @11.251916 APPLICATION FILED JUNE I0, |909.

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S. A. REEVE.

SLIDING VALVE EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED :uns Io, 1909.

Patened Jan. 25, 1916.

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UMTFAB STATES @FFllQE-t SIDNEY A. REEVE, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO CHARLES W. BROWN, TRUST EE, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

SLIDING-VALVE EXPLOSION-MOTOR.

Application filed June 10, 1

To all atv/wm t vmay concern.'

Be it known that l, SIDNEY A. Rnnvn, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sliding-Valve Explosion-Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal-combustion motors having one or more cylindrical slide-valves alined with the cylinder bore, and its principal object is to simplify the arrangements heretofore proposed while retaining the main advantages of the type.

A further object is to secure a better mechanical expulsion of burnt gases, improved charge-inspiration, etc.

My invention consists in certain combinations of individually-aeting valves, one or more of which is a slide-valve of the kind mentioned, and it further consists in improvements in the valves and their related parts, and in devices for automatically yaryiring the cylinder clearance, preferably by means of an inwardly-opening admission slide-valve.

Of the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical sectional view of a fourcycle motor constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section on the line 3&3 of Fig. 1. Iig.` 4 is a graphic representation of the relative displacements during the tour phases. Figs. 5-10 inclusive represent sectional diagrams showing` the. valve motions. Fig. 11 represents a diagram of the exhaust-valve motion. Fig. 12 represents a diagrammatic sectional view showing a modification. Fig. 13 represents a diagram ot' the inlet-valve motion of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 represents a sectional view of another modilication. Fig. 15 represents a detail view of the valves and connections of this modification, taken in a plane at right-angles to Fig. 18. Fig. 16 represents a diagram of the valve-motion for Figs. 14 and 15, showing the admission phase.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, 10 is the 'cylinder or casing having a water-jacket 12; -13 1s the piston,

14- the connecting-rod, 15 the crank, 16 the crank-shaft, and 17 the half-speed shaft mounted parallel with the Specification of Letters Patent.

Iiatented Jan. 25, 1916. 909. Serial No. 501,263.

crank-shaft and operated therefrom by a train of spur gearing '18, 19, 20.

21 is an exhaust slide-valve in the form of a sleeve concentric witl the piston and constituting the barrel in which said piston slides, this sleeve being reciprocated between the piston and cylinder by means of a driving connection from the inner or crank end of the sleeve to the halt-speed shaft, said connection consisting preferably of a short pitxnan 22 connected by one end with a crankpin 2l on the haltspeed shaft and by the other end with a lever 23 hung on fulcrumlinks 32 and pivoted by trunnions to the valve 21. This valve acts individually and not jointly with another valve in controlling the motor exhaust. lt might be mounted and driven in various ways although I pre- 'ler that herein shown, and I also prefer a sleeve valve having an open end in the combustion chamber, as shown; that is, a free annular edge exposed to the cylinder pressure so that the valve is slightly unbalanced. This shortens the motor and saves a packed or telescoped guide for the valve on the opposite end of the combustionchamber from the end where the present Vvalve enters.

25 is an exhaust-port extending entirely around the cylinder and uncovered by the sleeve-valve 21 at the lower end of the latters travelas indicated by the shaded area in Fig. 11, wherein the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicates the positions ofthe half-speed eranlcpin 2st-at the beginning of the admission, compression, expansion, and exhaust strokes oi the piston, respectively. The exhaust-valve is open during slightly more than the lower quadrant of the halfspeed shaft, or the distance between the lines BB and CC. the distance between AA and BB representing the entire travel of the valve.

33 is a piston inlet-valve mounted in line with the cylinder bore and also acting individually to control a cylinder-admission port 38 which eircnmscribes the cylinder axis and is interrupted by suitable guides to retain the valve packing-rings. This valve has both lower and upper rings 34, `and an intermediate groove 3G communicating with ports 37 formed in the cylinder wall above the combustion-chamber,for leading the charge to the valve. This valve constitutes a special form of free piston operated by tluidand inertia-forces and controlled by a system ot' linkage. This valve and linkage is somewhat similaiin appearance to that of my Patent 880,824, but in reality differs from it basically. My earlier invention, disclosed in my said patent, was an outwardly cpeninguvalve adapted for use in steam engines and compressors,I wherein heavy unbalanced pressure was to be sus- .tained by t ggle-linkage extended into dead center positlon at one extreme of its motion y only, i. e., the inner cxtreme. My present invention is for a valve adapted to sustain unbalanced pressure at both of its extremes of motion. Besides acting as a valve, this free piston 33 acts to reduce the cylinderclearance during exhaust and to enlarge it during compression and expansion, thereby securing a better mechanical expulsion of burnt gases, a slnaller volume of discharge relatively to the final volume of expansion, and other incidental advantages.

39 is a link attached by one end to the valve '33 and by the other end to a crank 40 mounted on a rock-shaft l1 and having a semicircular throw. This crank and link constitute a toggle which alternately folds and straightens at the extremes of the valve movement in obedience to tluid land inertia forces, and brings i't quietly to rest without shock. Vith the toggle is combined a spring 45 which acts with infinite mechanical advantage on the valve at both ends of the latters stroke and normally tends to hold the valve in an intermediate position.

This spring surrounds a stud 46 and is connected with an arm -il2 on the crank-shaft by a tension link 43 and an arm 4H attached to the tension Alink and to the spring and loose on the stud 4G. The tension of spring 45 is exerted in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2.

47 is a spark plug which enters the cylinder opposite the untraveled space between piston 13, valve 21 and valve 33.

The motions of both valves will be readily understood from Figs. 5-10. Fig. 5 represents the end of. exhaust and beginning ot' admission, valve 21 being on its 11p-stroke and valve 33 on its down-stroke.v In Fig. 6 the admission-port is shown wide open with the admission-valve at the lower extreme of its movement and the exhaust valve still moving upwardly. In Fig. 7 the admission valve ha's started to move upwardly to close its port and the exhaust-valve is practically at the top ot' its stroke. Explosion occurs with the parts positioned as shown in Fig. 8. the exhaust-valve being then a short way on its down-strek* and the admission valve at the top ot' its upstroke. In Fig. 9 the exhaust-port begins to open, and in Fig. 10 it is fully open and the admission-valve starts to descend. It will be understood that (disregarding the angular inertia of the parts) the toggle 39, 40 will be unable to quite straighten in either direction owing to the infinite mechanical advantage which the toggle possesses over the valve at the ends of the latters stroke.

By reason of the stroke and dimensions of the admission valve, the latter, in opening its port, is caused to mechanically displace practically all of the remnant of burnt gases which ordinarily cannot bereached. T,he resulting advantages are well known.

In Fig. 1 I have represented graphically the net volumetric displacements of the working piston' and the two valves during the four phases of the motor, taking for an example substantially the relative dimensions and strokes of these parts as shown in the drawings. Reckoning the displacement during the suction stroke as 100%, the displacement during compression will then be 01%, during expansion 113%, and during exhaust 1497-, indicating an expansion to a greater volume than the volume of the charge at the beginning of compression, and a practically'complete expulsion of dead gases.

Fig. 12 represents a double modification consisting first 'in the upward extension of the exhaust-valve 21 to guide the inletvalve 33 and coperate with it in controlling admission; and secondly, in substantially reproducing by means of a positive valve-drive the motions of the free piston valve ot' Figs. 1-10. The sleeve valve 21 is formed with ports 3S whose lower lips act the same as the upper lip of the valve 21 previously described, and whose upper lips act in conjunction with the admission valve 33 to'close the cylinder admission through these ports. T he admission-valve is shown without its upper rings and connected with a crank 53 on the half-speed shaft through the link 39,v a rock arm 49 within the admission chamber 50 inclosed by the cylinder cover, an outer rock arm 51, and a link 52. Fig.. 13 represents substantially the action otl valve 33. Its openingtakes place during slightly more than one ot' Vthem'e'nd quadrants ot the crank During compression the valve is moving outwardly to form a compression space and reaches its upper limit at or just before the time the exhaust valve opens, assuming considerable advance opening for the latter. During? the exhauststroke, valve 33n displaces the clearance gases to the extent ot about 88% of the displacement attained by the free piston arrangement. (.)bviously the valve ot' Fig. 12 could be used with the fixed :ulmission-ports ot' Figs. 1-10 and the tree piston-valve ot thc latter views vcould be used with the exhaust-valve extension and movable admission-ports of Fig. 12.

admissionl A free piston-valve of the character described might be employed without substantial alteration to control the cylinderadmission or charge transfer of a two-cycle explosion-motor.

It is characteristic of the above-described forms of my invention to employ the combination of circum-axial inlet and outlet ports (z'. e. ports concentric with or circumscribing the cylinder axis) in diiferent zones of the cylinder, thereby securing the advantages of large and direct openings, large valves, a pocketless combustion-chamber, direct driving connections from the half-speed shaft to one or both of the valves, and It will. however, be understood that the inlet and outlet ports may be made to extend only part way around the cylinder, it desired.

Figs. 14.-, 15, and 16 rep'resent a modification having the same general characteristics as the motor of Fig. 12 but in this case both the piston valve 33h and the sleeve valve 2lb are mounted in the cylinder-head and directly driven from an overhead half-speed shaft 17b by means of cranks 53 and 24h and connecting-rods 39band 221. The exhaust-port 25 is hereclosed by a` downward movement of the cut-oit lip on the sleeve valve and said valve is provided with extensions 55 for retaining the rings of the piston valve. the cyl-index' inlet-ports being formed by the eut-off lip 54 and the sides of the extensions Various other changes in embodiment may be made without departing from my invention.

It will be noted that the slide-valves herein shown and described serve to entirely overcome the use of puppet valves with their many attendant drawbacks.

I claim:

1. ln an explosion motor, the combination of a combustion Cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports circumscribing its axis, a working piston, and an individually-acting valve controlling each of said ports, atleast one of which is a tubular slide-valve, reciprocated in line with the cylinder bore and the other of which works within said tubular slide-valve.

2. In a four-cycle explosion motor, the combination of a cylinder having circumferential admission and exhaust ports in difi'm'ent Zones, a working piston, a single axizillv-movable halt-speed sleeve valve surrounding the piston and reciprocating between the piston and the cylinder wall and controlling the exhaust-port. and an independent valve mounted on the cylinder and controlling the admission-port.

3. ln a foursevcle explosion motor, the combination of a combustion cylinder having circumferential admission and exsubstantially permissibly, independent valves.

'combination of a vCylinder-having circumhaust ports in different zones, a working piston, a half-speed sleeve valve surrounding the piston and reciprocating between the cylinder and piston and controlling the exhaust-port, said valve having an open end in the eombustionchamber, and an independent half-speed valve controlling the admission-port.

4. ln ay four-cycle explosion motor, the combination of a cylinder having circumaxial admission and exhaust ports in dilerent zones, a working piston, and independent half-speed cylindrical slide-valves controlling the respective ports, the exhaust valve being' an unbalanced sleeve reciprocated axially between the piston and cylinder.

5. In a four-cycle explosion motor, the combination of a cylinder and piston, and independent cylindrical admission and exhaust slide-valves reciprocated in line with the cylinder bore, the admission-valve being unbalanced and opening inwardly.

6. In a four-cycle explosion motor, the

axial admission and exhaust ports'in different Zones, and independent axially-reciprocating slide-valves controlling the respective ports, the exhaust valve being an unbalanced sleeve interposed between the piston and cylinder, and the admission-valve being an inwardly-opening unbalanced piston.

7. ln an explosion motor, the combination with the piston, ot' a free piston forming one wall of the combustion chambe and means for arresting the free piston gradually, comprising linkage reaching a dead-center position at each end of the stroke of the free piston.

8. In lan explosion motor, the combination with the combustion-cylinder and working piston, of a fluid-operated unbalanced piston formingone wall of the combustionchamber, a pair of links forming a toggle which is alternately folded and extended by said fluid-operated piston toarrest the same in both directions without shock, and a spring combined with the toggle for normally holding the iuid-operated valve in an intermediate position.

9. In a tour-c vyfcle explosion motor, the combination with the cylinder-'and working piston, ot' an inwardly-openingfluid-operated unbalanced piston admission-valve and means tor controlling the movement of said valve. to etlect the substantial displacement of the volume of the combustion-chamber during exhaust.

l0. ln an explosion motor, the combination with the cylinder and working piston,

of an inwardly-opening Huid-operated unbalanced piston admission-valve for said cylinder, and toggle mechanism for arresting said valve shock.

at both extremes without 11. In a four-cycle explosion motor, the

admission-valve for said cylinder adapted to retreat under rising compression-pressure to form a suitable combustion-space and to return against falling exhaust pressure to displace the volume or' said space during eX,- haust, and means for gradually arresting said valve, comprising linkage reaching a dead-center position at each of its two eX- tremes of motion.

12. In a four-cycle explosion motor, the combination with theworking cylinder and piston, of an inwardly-opening Huid-operated unbalanced piston admission-valve for said cylinder, means for gradually arresting the valve comprising linkage reaching a dead-center position at each eXtreme of its motion and elastic means for normally holding the linkage off deadeenter.

13. ln a four-cycle explosion motor, the

combination of cylinder,working piston and shaft with a half speed shaft and a sleevevalve controlled thereby; an inwardly open-- ing free piston-valve forming one`wa-ll 'of the combustion chamber and linkage'reaeh-l ing a dead-center position on each of its' two' extremes of motion, for gradually*arrestingthe motion of the said free piston-valverelatively to the said sleeve-valve. Y

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set

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