US1164761A - Ore-roasting furnace. - Google Patents

Description

J. c. SIMMONS. ORE ROASTING FURNACE.

7 APPLICATION FILED OCT. l5. I914. 1,164,761. Patented Dec. 21, 1915 4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

I I W ,NESSES; a n H a ug y/T01 (iv/w AZ 9W 1. CLSIMMONS.

ORE ROASTING FURNACE. APPLICATION FILED OCT. I15. I914 1,164,761, Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- INVENTOR. gygsss WW 3 h ggfm man i.

J C. SIMMONS.

ORE ROASTING FURNACE.

APPLICATION men ocr. is. 1914.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3- Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

Fmutv J. C. SIMMONS.

ORE ROASTINGFURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15. 1914.

1,164,761. Patented Dec.21, 1915.

.'4 SHEETS-SHEET 4. I

IN WITNESSES VEN TOR JOHN C. SIMMONS, 03E COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO.

ORE-ROASTING FURNACE.

. '1 '0 all whom it may concern and spreads "flame upon a 15,

-Be it known that 1, JOHN C. Simmons, a citizen of the United States, residing at 308 East San Miguel street, in' the city of Colorado Springs, in the county of El Paso and State of Colorado, have invented a new and useful Ore-RoastingFurnace, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in ore roasting furnaces, in which an adjustable and oscillating air blast feed delivers the ore'to be roasted in from above the flame it about broadcast through the bed of roasted ore resting upon a grate or rack comprising alternately and reversely oscillating grate bars beneath. said bed adapted to scrape the underside of said bed and pulverize it; and some of the objects'of my improvements are, first, to provide a controllable flame for the fire box or roastin compartment 3 ;.second, to provide means for sowing the mineral to be roasted, broadcast over andthrough said flame upon a bed of roasted ore in a manner under controlof the operator by automatic machinery; to provide a bed 4, of roasting ore in a body beneath the furna e roasting compartment proper; fourth, to provide means for holding back the flame from escaping so as to retain the caloric of the flame within the roasting furnace; fifth, to provide a bed for the roasting ore Where it will be kept hot from above and form into a compact mass or semi-solid body as desired constantly accumulating atlits top and being reduced to pulverized powder at it's underside and provided to drop into a below; sixth, to provide means for drawing from' or for pulverizing the underside of said bed of roasted ore 4,.by means of alternately oscillating grate bars 83, 83, and 84, 84, having flange teeth adapted to engage the underside of said bed; seventh,

to provide means for forcing the flames in 45.

the roasting furnace down against the top of the bed of roasting ore bydownward draftfrom thetop of the roasting furnace; eighth, to .provide a roasting furnace having means for acontinuous flow of ore to the furnace from above in an unroasted state and having a continuous or-intermittant grinding and removal of the ore after roasting from the underside of the hedof roasted ore; ninth, to provide means for obviating the necessity of drawing the Specification of Letters Patent.

bin 6,

,moved; Fig. 14, is a .p

the alternate oscillatlng gratefibars op-4 'erated by the PatentedDec.21,1915.

Application filed October 15, 1914. Serial No. 866,741.

fire,. or of stopping the continued process of roasting; tenth, to provide a supporting grate for said bed of roasted ore having its parts separately and easily removable and replaceable; eleventh, to provide a support ing grate of individual bars with means for I cooling them, by circulating water or other fluid through longitudinal conduits in the bars. I attain these objects by means of the mechanism and appliances illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- I I v Figure 1, is a side elevation. of the entire roasting furnace with part of the masonry and construction removed 'to, disclose the parts within and part of the construction of the oscillating feed being removed; Fig.

2, is an elevation ofthe end of the roasting furnace showing part of the construction and masonry removed to disclose the parts within;- Fig. 3, is a side elevation ofthe operating right arm 52, carrying-the pitman 45; Fig. 4, is a sideelevation of the disk wheel 46, carrying the pitman 45; ,Fig. 5, is a detailed sectional elevation of the hollow,rocking sphere 10, and the lower part of the air blast tube 11, showing its'threaded adjustment vertically; Fig. 6, is a top view of the ratchet mechanism operating the pitman 25, and the sliding frame 22; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the. upright arm 19, of the rocking frame 20, showing a diagram of the end of the sliding frame 22; Fig. 8, is a top'diagrammatic view of the sliding frame 22; Fig. 9, .is a top diagrammatic view of part of the pitman 25, showis a diagrammatic side view of part of the pitman 25, and the forked bearing 43; Fig. 11, is a side elevation of the side truss bar 89, with part of'the middle removed and showing some of the parts beyondin posi tion;-Fig. 12, is a top view ,of F ig. 11, sec tionized through on the line AB. Fig:- 13, is a perspective of one of the alternate oscillating grate bars operated by the connecting rod 74, with the central portion reerspective of one of connecting rod 71, with the, central portion removed; Fig-15, is a perspective of-one of the side truss bars 89, showing part of the top and part of the center removed "Fig. 16, is a perspective on a. large scale of one of the supporting block hollow rocking sphere l0, and passes down the air blast tube ply bin 16, passing through the intake holes rod 71, and one end'of the eccentric pitmanrod 66 wherethey are connected pivotally with '1; coupling pin 108; Fig. 18, is a perspective of the two connecting rods 71,

and 74; Fig. 19, is a side elevation of the.

side of the joint shown in.Fig. 17, showing the connection of the connecting rod 71, the supporting swing bar 72, and the upper ec-" centric pitman rod'66', with some parts cut away.

rSimilar letters'and figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The crown sheet 15, with the air blast tube 11, and its operating machinery on the top of the ore roasting furnace, the furnace proper consisting of mason Work, the oscillating grate 5 and its operating mech anism and supporting thebed 1, of roasted ore constitute the outline or frame work of my invention.

At the top of a rectangular or roasting furnace with walls 1, of masonry surmounted by a dome=shaped roof is the crown sheet 15, having the concave bearing 57 supporting the hollow rocking spherelll, which carries the feed mechanism to supply the ore from the hopper or supply bin 16, through the intake 13, 13, to the receptacle 103,

Within the hollow rocking sphere 10, where it is forceddownward through the-mineral passage-way 12, and into the roasting com-- partment 8, by means-of an air blast from the lower end of the air blast tube .11. This air blast tube 11, is secured by adjustable threaded connection between the threaded sleeve 55, and the threaded adjusting nut 5-4, which is prevented from slipping by means of the lock nut 56. The threaded sleeve 55, is rigidly secured to the air blast tubell, so that adjusting-it, will also adjust 11. The-ore from the sup- 13, 1'3, enters the receptacle 103, within the -toward the mineral feed passageway 12,

4 outlet 97-, from the bottom and is forced through said passage-Way by means of the a1r blast coming through the tube 11. This feed of the mineral depends partly. upon the extent of the opening or space 104, between the lower end of the air blasttube '11, and is adjusted by means of the threaded nut 54, either raising or lowering the air-blast tube 11, as shown in Fig. 5.

he direction of the air blast passing down through the conduit 98,.is changed soas .to blow the ore over the surface or top 62, of

- the bed of roasted ore in a zigzag line in four directions by reason ofthe mechanism 'shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2, moving the to 'end of the air blast tube 11;, by the use'of the two 'pitmen 25, and 4:5, respectively of. the air blast which carries withit in a rotating oseillation the hollow rocking sphere 10, resting upon the concave bearing 57, of the'crown sheet 15', which forms a sort of a ball and socket joint. The thrust and-pull motions of this air blast tube 11, as shown in Fig. 1, are operated by the mechanism shown in de: tail, in part, in Figs. 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10,. and the top of Fig. 1. In Fig, 8, the sliding frame 22, carries a rocking pivot guide'3 1, supported in the frame with trunnions 105, 105, througl'i which the top end of the air blast tube 11, projects upv-iardlv and through which it works I freely longitudinally, this sliding frame 22, is operated horizontally by the pitman 25, and slides on the slide bars 21, 21, of the rocking frame 20. The pitman 25, is connected with the sliding frame 22, by meansof a ball and socket coupling comprising the 101111.33, integral with the sliding frame 22, in Fig. v8, being engaged by the two socket cups 31, 31 on the ends of the spring shanks 32, and being held in a loose rotatable connection by means of the clamping bolt 106, on the pitinan 25. 'l."his pitman 25, has a steadyforward motion toward theleft as shown in Fig. l, and an impulsive motion back to the right after the top of the free crank 27, is carried downto the left past a center line between the rotat-' ing shaft 35, and the pivot bearing 60, on the lower end of the thrusting spring30. -In Fig. 6, this free crank 27, is illustrated 'by a top view showing the pitman 25, bent tothe left as though the top of the airbla'st tube 11, as shown-in Fig. 1, had been thrust to-. ward the observer to its maximum position. The rotating to the left, on top, as shown in Fig.1, of the ratchet wheel '23-, carried rigidly secured to the rotating shaft causes the ratchet teeth 28, 28, to engage the ratchet pawl 26, which'is pivotally secured ing 60, will have been pushed far down and to the left and the thrusting spring 30, will have been bent from its normal form so that when the connecting'pivot 11,'is pushed.be-

low the center it will be forced back below. the ratchet wheel 23, by the violent tension of the thrusting spring 30, and the ratchet. pawl 26, will be released from. and will slide past under the ratchet teeth 28, 28, thus forcing the free crank 27, back beneath the ratchet wheel; 23, as far as the thrusting to the left and right as shown in Fig. 1, thedisk wheel 46, is forcing the top of the air blast tube 11, in a line at nearly right angles to said movement as shown in Fig. 2.

The rocking frame 20, which carries the sliding frame 22', has secured to its operating upright arm 52,by pivotal connection the integral with the upright bars 88, 88. Toy

40 remove one of these bars it is necessary to port or 'thebed supporting block puma-n45, connecting with it the disk wheel 46, operated by the driving shaft 110, which disk wheel operates regularly to throw the top of the air blast tube 11, to the left and to therig'ht while Fig. 1,. throwing it forward and backward; i The construction of the oscillating grate supporting the bed 4 is one ofthe principal inventions and essentials of my ore roasting furnace. In, the side truss bars, 89,,on'eof which is shown in part in Fig. 15, there is apeculiar construction allowing the taking'down of the grate bars, one at a time without "removing the frame of their sup- 4:". ing and removal of any one of the alternate oscillating grate bars 83, 83, and 84, 84, is the removable supporting block 85, which is supported by resting upon two of the supporting lug seats 87, 87, which are remove the coupling pins 107, and 108, sup porting the two connecting rods 71, and 74. Then remove the two connecting rods 71, and 74, and then take out the removable bearings 85, 85,'supportmg on the supporting bearing 111, of the removable supporting block'bearings 85, 85,

the pivotal bearings 86,86, of the alternate oscillating grate bar, desired to be removed,

which will allow the oscillatingjgrate bar 83, 83, and '84, 8 1, to drop down-through the upright slots'92', 92, when it can lie-removed the bin' 6, below the oscillating beneath from t This form .of removal of the grate bars hereinabove described and the peculiar construction herein shown therefore is essengrate. 5?;

tial to 'the e'lii'cient operation of the grate.

This allows one or-more of the alternate oscillating grate barsj83, 83', and 84, 8.4, to

beremoved without disturbing the "bed 4",

faiidwith'out "disturl'iing any. part of the m'asonrv or frame of'the furnacex Inoperating'my ore roasting furna ce the' bed 1, is" prepared in the usual way and maintained J continuously I throughout I the the mechanism shown in- The key to the unlock-I -tion of the precious process of roasting, constantly forming a deposit on the top surface 62, and constantly being pulverized at the bottom of the bed 4 of roasted ore, and having the pulverized particles being constantly dropped into the bin 8, below, through the outlet recess 102, 192, between the'bars 83, 83, and 84, 84. v

The fire or flame proceeding from the flame 7, to the roasting compartment 3 may be produced by a gas jet or by a flame from coal or oil or other fuel as desired and may be operated in conformity to the-peculiar kind of fuelrequirements applied.

In Fig. 2, is shown a-form of oil burner in which 61, represents the valve controlling the supply of fuel and 99, is the oil burner proper for controlling the supply of air for the flame. On the opposite side of the roasting compartment 3, is the outlet flue 9, adapted to conduct the used gas from the roasting compartment 3. to be utilized'in otherparts of the plant of this nature until ore to be roasted. This bed 1, is regulated in its depth by regulating the amount of feed from 18 to build it up and by the rapidity of the grinding from its underside by means of the action of the alternate oscillating grate bars 83, 83, and 84, 8 1, beneath, reducing the bed from the underside. One of the peculiar advantages of this form of bed is that it holds the heat in the roasted ore in a body, and which body may be caked or held loosely as desired by governing the depth of-the bed and by governing the degree of heat. Another peculiar advantage is that the bed does not require to be stirred high temperature'to be transmitted to the and lifted up, thus avoiding the evaporamineral and thus preventing its escape through the outlet 9. Another peculiar advantage in the use of this form of operating of the bed 49 is the continuous-roasting operation without any cessation of roasting, for the purpose of drawing a fire or removing the ore, etcetera.

In supplying the ore to be roasted into the furnace receptacle 3, I use the mechanism illustrated in 18, and shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2. with details of some of its parts shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The ore is. first'preparedin the usual. or desired wayfrn' roasting and is fed into the hopper concave annular bearing 57, and having a free rotary or rocking movement in all horizontal directions at its top. In the sides of the upper half'of the 'hollow'rocking sphere 10,.(are upright slot-shaped intake orifices adapted to receive the ore-from the supply bin 16, and convey it tothe bottom of the receptacle 10,3, Within"v the; hollow "rocking sphere 10. v

' The four-way rocking motion -transmitted to the hollow rocking sphere 10, by the-air blast tube 11, hereinbefore described'causes the said sphere 10, to dip in fourdirections which assists in dipping up the ore from various sides of the vbottombf the funnelshaped walls of the supply bin 16, and also tends tomix the ore within said sphere and to cause it 'tofeed down to the feed passageway 12, which is-the outlet from said sphere to the roasting compartment 3. One of the principal objects in this rocking motion is to direct the blast of the compressed air down through the hollow conduit 98, and through the outlet'97, in the bottom of the air blast tube 11, so as to blow or shoot the mineral to'be roasted through the mineral feed passage-way 12, in a constant stream that will zigzag across the top surface 62, of the bed 4, of roasted ore and through the flame and heat of the roasting compartment 3;- While the pitman 4.5, and its mechanism will'cause this zigzag current to be intwo directions,

the pitman 25, will. cause a zigzag current to be in two directions at nearly rlght angles to the former zigzagging which will tend to distribute the ore evenly as desired by reason of the combination of the adjustment of the motions and especiallyfromthe pitman 45, whichis adjustable in the slot 49, on the operating upright arm 52, by sliding the wrist pin 48, up or down in said slot. 1

' The racking frame 20, is composed in part of the upright arm 19, pivotally supported on the racking pivot 51, secured to one of the supporting brackcts17, and the operating upright arm 52, pivotally supported on the racking pivot 50, secured to one of the. supporting brackets 17, on the opposite side from the rackingpivot 51-, of the supply bin;

16. These two upright arms 19, and 52, are

v connected at their tgp by means of the two slide bars 21, 21, which carry the sliding frame 22, having in each of its opposite longitudinnl edges the two sliding grooves 24-,

24, receiving and running uponthe two v parallel slide bars 21, 21.

They counter weights 14, 14, are for the usual purpose of balancing the superstructure sustained upon the rocking pivots 51,

and 52. Thepitman 29, connecting the connecting pivot 41, of the free crank 27, with the pivot bearing 60, of the thrusting spring 30, may have a longitudinal ad ustment of a: common form to adjust the pressure from the spring 30. The compression spring 36.

shown in Fig. 6,. is adapted to hold the ratchet pawl 26, in contact position with the ratchet teeth 28, 28, at all times. The pivot bearings37, and 38, shown in Fig. 6, allow, the. ,free crank 27,- ta operate'ind'ependent of-the rotating shaft 35; The pivot bearings 42, .42, work upon the same convnectingpivot41, as does the pitman 29, and

connect the forked bearing 43, with'the pit-- man 25,10 means of the pivot connection44, and the c evis bows 53, 53.- i

This mechanism heretofore described and outlined in Fig. 1, operates to throw the flame. across the roasting compartment 3, in

two directionswhile the pitman 45, operated by the .disk wheel 46, and secured thereto across the line operated by the pitma-n 25.;

The disk wheel '46, is operated by the driv-" ing shaft 110, in the usual manner.

Onthe wrist pin 48, and turning with'it is the thimble-shaped sleeve bearing 59,

upon which one end of the pitman 45, is operated pivotally.

I pivotally by means of the wrist pin 47;, op-' crates the feed mechanism in the direction 'Pivotaily operating'in rocking movement in the sliding frame 22, isthe guide sleeve v .48, up through which thetop of the air blast tube projects and loosely slides in its adjustment on the top of the hollow rocking sphere 10. a l Y In each. of the alternate oscillating grate. bars .83, 83, and 84. 84, there is a longitudinal vconduit 109-, extending its full length and adapted to have supplied to one end a cooling fluid, as water and means for receiving said fiuid out of the other end in a regular circulation to cool .the respective bars and their contiguous parts.

The alternate oscillating grate bars '83,

1' and 84, are supported by their pivot bearings, 86, 86, resting upon the supporting bearing 111, in the removable-- supporting blocks 85, 85. The said bars are in twosets,

which in this grate are represented by six of the alternate oscillating grate bars 83,

83, and by five of the alternateoscillating grate bars 84, 84. Each of these bars is operated by downward projecting crank arms, the downward projecting crank arms ing crank arms 78, 78, and-integral with the ice outside surface of said arms and projecting outwardlv at right'angles thereto are pivot lugs 80, 80, adapted to be received within the notched recesses 112,112, on the under edge of the connecting rod- 74. Said connecting rod 71, issupported at itsfree end .bythe supporting swing'bar73, and the sup porting swing. bar 72, supports the power end of the connecting rod 71, and also supports eccentric pitman the connecting rod 71, which operates the which operates the lower eccentric pitman' rod67, which in turn operates the connecting rod 74, which operates the downward projecting crank arms 78, 7 8, thus operating the alternate oscillating grate bars 84, 84.

The connecting rods 71, and 74, move in opposite directions at the same time and therefore cause the alternate oscillating grate bars 83, 83, and 84, other on top and from each other on top alternately and thus causing the scraping flanges 100, 100, and the scraping'projections 101, 101, to scrape'loose particles of the roasted ore from the under side of the bed 4, of roasted ore, when the ground particles will be forced down, by gravitation, through the outlet recesses 102, 102,-

between the said alternate oscillating grate bars 83, and 84.

In Fig. 15, isishown a perspective on a large scale of one of the side truss bars 99,

. also showni-n Fig. 1, and in Fig. 2. There 89, support are two of the sldetruss bars 89, one at .each side of the'frame supporting the oscil- 5 These side truss bars 89,

lating grate V the alternate oscillating grate bars 83, 83. and 84, 84, as here'inbefore described. The top bars support the masonry of the roasting furnace above. of the side truss therewith, and at right angles thereto are the end truss bars 93, 93, one of which is shown in Fig. 2, partly removed, showing the inside bottom flanges for the two sides At the ends the side truss bars 89, 89, supporting the upwardly bent ends 94, 94, of the bottom flange 70, ofone of the end-truss bars 93. The top flange 114, of the end truss bars 93, assists in supporting the superstructure of masonry and the two end truss bars 93, 93,

connect together the two side truss bars 89, 89, and form all together a rectangular frame resting upon the wall of the bin 6, for the roasted and pulverized ore, and support on their top flanges the superstructure of masonry and the oreroasting -furnace, proper.

Thecompartm' t of the furnace proper way. 84, to move toward each 'fore mentioned flexible tube or hose may be otherwise as may be found expedient and and an outlet flue on racking grate near its bottom, in combinaset forth and for the flange 90, of each of said bars 89, 89, and connected and there is provided with a lining 96, of heat resisting material, inside the wall of masonry, for the usual purposes, of protecting the masonry.

The supporting flange 81, shown in Fig. 1, carries the supporting swing bar 7 5, supporting the power end of the connecting rod 74, and one end of the upper eccentric pitman rod 66, and also supports the swing bar 72, hereinbeforedescribed. The supporting bracket 82, shown in Fig. 1, carries. the supporting swing bar 76, supporting the free end of the connecting rod 74, and also supports the swing bar 73, supporting the free'end of the connecting rod 71.

I am aware that prior to my invention,

ore roasting furnaces have been used of' var1ous designs and somewhat The water or other cooling fluid hereinbecluits through the alternate oscillating grate bars 83, 83, and 84, 84, through any form of flexible tubes connecting with any available water supply. The connection of the by a collar or convenient.

I claim- 1. A furnace of the class described, adapt ed for the roasting of ores, comprising a suitable receptacle, an intake flame on one side the opposite side and a tion with an air blast feed at its top and room for a bedof roasted ore upon saidgrate and below said flame, substantially as purposes specified.

2. In fa furnace of the class described,

adapted for the roasting of ores, a suitable furnace receptacle, an intake flame appliance on one side and an outlet flue on the opposite side of said receptacle, a racking grate near its bottom, an air blast feed of ore at its top and a bed of roasted ore upon said grate and below said flame, and adapted for a continuous feed-bed and outlet, substanigally as set forth and for the purposes speci- 3. In a furnace of the class described, adapted for the roasting of ores in a continuous bed built up at the top and ground away at the bottom, the 'combination of a suitable furnace receptacle, an appliance on one side to supply a suitable flame near the top of the receptacle,

the'opposite side of the receptacle,

tacle to'the flame beneath and adapted to is to be supplied to the con distribute the mineral through said flame over the surface of a bed Within said receptacle, and a rocking reducing grate supporttingsaid bed, and means for operating said grate, substantially as set forth and for the purposes specified. v

4. In a furnace of the class described, for the roasting ofores by a continuous process of feeding the intake and removing by gravi tation at the outlet, a. suitable roasting receptacle adapted to have the ore fed in at the top and to form a bed upon an oscillating grate beneath, a roasting flame fed'in at one side of the receptacle near its top, an outlet flue at the opposite side of said receptacle from said flame, an oscillating feed apand above said receptacle, adapted to de- 1 being roasted, and means for posit themineral evenly over said bed While adjustably varying the amount of mineral fed by varying the aperture through Whichit is fed by,

means of threaded connection on the air blast tube, substantially as set forth and for the purposes specified.

5. In a roasting furnace of the class described, adapted for the roasting of ores by a continuous train'of pulverized ore being fed into the furnace, baked into a bed and being ground away from the bottom of the bed as roasted and baked, comprising the combination of, a suitable roasting receptacle adaptedv to have the ore fed in at the top and to form a bed upon an oscillating grate beneath, a roasting flame fedin at one side of the receptacle near its top and above the bed an outlet flue with a downward exit at the opposite side of said receptacle from said frame, an oscillating feed appliance at the top of said eceptacle adapted to feed the mineral to the furnace by an air blast into over said bed While bed beneath by means of pitmen operating at angles to each other and above said receptacle adapted to de osit the mineral evenly eing roasted, means for adiustably varying the amount of mineral fed through the air blast tube, eccentric opcrating means for rocking the bars-of saidu grate alternately in opposite directions at the s'ame time and adapted to pulverize the under side of said bed, substantially as set forth and for the purposes specified. I 6. A furnace of the. class described, adapted for the roastingv of ores, comprising the combination of a, suitable roasting re ceptacle adapted to have the ore fed in at the top and to form a bed upon oscillating grate bars beneath, means for feeding the pulverized ore in at the top of the receptacle spread in an even manner on said bed,

a roasting flame fed in at one side'of the re: ceptacle near its top and above said had, an outlet flue at the opposite-side of said. receptacle from said flame, an oscillating scraping grate beneath said bed comprising a gang of twisting and removable. grate bars extending" horizontally. beneath said bed and resting upon removable trunnion blocks and being operated by removable connecting rods working each set of alternate grate bars in opposite directions by torsional move ment, annular corrugated flanges on the respective upper sides of said grate bars adapted to scrape and cut the underside of said bed of ore and roduce it into fine particles, and openings for allowing said par ticles to fall through below said grate bars to a pitbeneath, means for cooling said grate bars, substantially as set; forth and for the purposes specified.

JOHN C. SIMMONS.

.Vitnes'ses: p

Bartram DANIELS,- .Tnos. lineman

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