US1158062A - Pump mechanism for internal-combustion engines. - Google Patents

Description

a. KRA'MER. PUMP MECHANIS M FOR INTERNAL'COMBUSTION ENGINES.-

APPhcmou' HLED res. 10. 1913.

Patented 0km 26,1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

. I fzvmwzwz; BERNHARD KRAM R, ma

MSATTQRN W TNESSES B.KRKMER. PUMP MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. I I APPLICATION FILED FEB 10. 1913. v 1,15 ,0 2, Patented 001;. 26, 1915.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

- B. KRA'MER.

PUMP MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I0. 1913.

Patented 001126, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

as/7 0i: H FTNE SE I 55mm KRAMER,

' [25s ATTURNEK UNITED STATES; PATENT cesium BEBNHARD Knee/major cnennorcrnnsune, GERMANY, essmnoe are GENRE-AL nnncrmc comreur, A conecne'rron on new some.

Specification of Letters Iatent.

Patented nee. es, in

Application filed February 10, 1813. Eerie! Ho. 'F l'FABQ.

15 Well heated after which its use is discomtinued and theheavy fuel used exclusively.

My invention relates to a pump mechanism for supplying light and heavy fuels to an internal combustion engine, and has for zit-its objectto provide a pump mechanism of improved construction, whereby either or both of said fuels may be delivered to the engine at will under the control of a-suitable governor.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings which are 30 illustrative of my invention, Figure 1: is a longitudinal section through my improved pump and governing mechanism therefor; Fig. 2 is a vicW'pa-rtially in elevation and partially in section of the same, the said sec- 35 tion being taken on line '22 of Fig. 1;

3 is :1V detail view in front elevation of one of the pumps; Fig. 4c is a view partially in elevation and partially in section of the means for actuating one of the suction 40 valves; Fig. 5 is a development of a can) For actuating a suction valve; Fig. 6 is a section of the cam taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5: Fig. '7 is a (let-ailviewshowing the emergency governing mechanism; 8 lie; tail view of a the strm' ure oi Fi 7 taken at ht nllfflES eilfili ZiOQ i,

'l fl and n l a :leian view of means.

weights are opposed'hy a coiled coingaressi velv of the two parts of the pump, aswill pumps and'is supported; by hearings ll ancl 12 at its ends. This shaft may with ail 5 vantage be utilized to eperete the valves atlmitting fuel to the engine and also the air starting valves when such latter valves are employe. It is driven by the main shaft in any suitable manner. The shaft is Enclosed in a divided. housing 13 of any suitable con struction, the top nart of which is reinov able and is secured. in place by suitable Keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft is a bevel gear 1% that meshes with a-similar gear 15 carried by the vertieally disposed governor shaft 16. Formed inte gral with the gear 15 is a second gear 1! driving the shaft 18, Fig. 2, which in am is provided With a bevel gear 11) that mesnes with a similar gear on. the shaft of the tachometer 20. I

v The governor shaft 16, Fig. 1, is mounted in a. suitable bearing andon its upper ezui is provided with horizontal head ill, upne which are pivotally supported the govern Weights The outward movements of spring having a fixed abutment 26% T lower enrl of thejspring engages a me abutment 25, said abutment being a tubular member 26 that is supported 3 head 21. The movable abutment s neetecl to the governor lever 27, F1 through a. suitable slip-joint in the on. manner. To the outer encl of th got e1 lever is attacheel a rod 28 cent ring it e vice for adjusting its lengtln such for ens ample as the turn buckle "39. The lower end of the rod is connected to a bell-crank lever 30, shown in dotted linesFig. 1. This crank is rigidly attached to the spindle 31, the lat ter being provided with suitable hearings in the "pump casing. To the downwardly tencling arm of me crank 30 is attached a rod 32, shown in dotted lines which is con nected to the spindle 34. The object of this 7 arrangement is to synchronize the-movement oi he devices for controlling the suction 9 It? anneal more fully hereinafter.

'lu'o pump casings and 36 are provirled. The former serving ass. pump for heavy oil anti the latter as 9. pump for light oil. In

stead iii utilieii' the pumps for clilierent let I l lililfi of fuel they be utilized for siinitending front and rear portions 35 Fig. 2,

supported by the lower half of the housing ofthe driving shaft 10. Between the pump casings and forming a partial support therefor is a housing 37, Fig. 1, that incloses the parts of the speed governor.

The construction of each of the pumps is similar so that a description of one of them will be sufficient. The pump casing is provided with four longitudinal andvert-ically extending cylindrical openings to receive pump casing.

plungers, and also the suction the pump valves, and their lifters or actuators.

will be seen the cylindrical openings or bores to receive the pump plunger and suction valve llfters are of the same diameter. This is advantageous because the same tools can be used for drilling and finishing.

40 and 41 indicate the pump plungers, each of which is snugly fitted within a sleeve 42, the latter being flanged at the top and resting on a shoulder formed in the The pump plungers are made hollow to. reduce weight and are closed at their upper ends. The lower end of each plunger is provided with a head 43 upon which is seated coiled compression spring M that serves at all times to force the plunger downward. 4 Located in each tubular plunger is a plug 45 that engages a projection on the reciprocating cross-head 46. This cross-head is made cylindrical and is snugly fitted into a counterbore-in the casing, said bore being alined'with the plunger. -The underside of each crosshead has two small recesses to receive thespindle' l'l' of the anti-friction roller 48. This roller is arranged to engage the peripheral surface of the cam 49, the latter bei'ng' keyed to and driven by the shaft 10. Asshown, the left hand plunger is at the lowerfendof its suction stroke and the right hand plunger 41 at the end of its discharge stroke.

The pump plunger 40 cooperates with a suction valve 50 and the plunger all with a suction valve 51. These valves are similar in construction andhave similar means for controlling their action. Each suction valve is normally held against its seat by alight compression spring 52, the seat for which is I in the upper end of a perforated sleeve 53 that is-snugly fitted into the pump casing v and is provided with'a flange on its upper end engaging a shoulder in the pump casing. Located within the. sleeve is a tubular lifter or actuator 54 having a flange on its lower end, and between the flange and a part of the casing is a coiled compression spring that tends at all times to force the actuator 5+ away from the suction valve and permit the same to close. Like" the pump plunger the'suction valve actuator is moved by a roller 56 which is carried by a sliding cross-head similar to the cross-head 46 pre- It is however, somevided in the form of thin fiat plates through which the rollers project, the retaining devices for each roller being separate from the others. These plates are shown in bottom plan view in Fig. 10, and one of the crossheads in Fig. 9.

As shown, the pump plungers are, located at the sides of the casing and the suction valves and their actuating devices in the central portion of said casing, the object of this is tosimplify the arrangement of the cams for operating the suction valve lifters and the pump plunger-s. Each' pump casing is provided with a chamber 57 to which fuel is admitted from a tank or other suitable source by the pipe 57. From this chamber fuel flows through one or more openings 57", Fig. -l, to an an,- nular passage or chamber surrounding the perforated sleeve and from this chamber it flows through perforations in the sleeve to the suction valve, as will appear more fully in connection with Fig. 11. Since there is liable to be a small amount of leakage around the pump plungers and also around the valve lifters, and since it is important to know'how much, if any, leakage exists, a horizontal passage 57, Fig. 1, is provided that communicates with perforations in the sleeves surrounding the pump plungers and valve lifters. This passage communicates with a-passage 57 extending perpendicular thereto, the latter terminatingat the point of the valve casing as shown in Fig. 3. This passage is also shown in Fig. 7 together with the boss on the front of the casing, which boss is provided with a thin front edge or drip lip 57.

Referring now to the cam mechanism for controlling the suction valves, 58 indicates a sleeve which is rotated bythe shaft 10, but is capable of axial movement thereon. This is effected by the spline or feather 59,which is seated in the shaft--10. Mounted on the periphery of the sleeve are two cams G0 and 6, in which 63 represents the high portion of the cam and 64 the low portion; -The two portions of the cam are connected by a bevel surface 65, so thatthe roller 5.6; which has a rounded peripheral surface, can readily pam from the low to the high portions and v1ce-versa. It will be noted that the high an axial direction the period that the suction valve will beheld off of its seat for each rotation of the cam can 'be varied. That is to say, when the cam is so positioned that the roller 56 engages it near the right hand side it will be held open for a muchgreater period than when it is'near-the left hand side. In other words, when the roller is riding on the raised portion 63 of the cam the suction valve is held open and when riding on the low portion 64 of the learn the suction valve is permitted-to close. In order to adjust the cams axially on the shaft two arms 66 are provided that are connect? ed to.the .loose ring 62.' One of these arms is shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1, and both are shown in full lines in Fig. 2. These arms are rigidly mounted on the horizontal spindle 31, so that'as the governor moves the connecting rod 28 and its attached arm 30,

the cam will be moved in one direction or the other dependent on the change in speed f the engine.

In an arrangement of this kindit is .de sirable to synchronize the movement of all the suction valves so that they, will have the same period of opening and closing for the same speed. To this end a pair of arms 67 are provided resembling the arms 66; .These 'are mounted on. the spindle 34-, Fig. 1, so

that as the rod 32, shown in, dotted lines, moves back and forth the cams 60, 61, 68

and 69 will be correspondingly moved and by like amounts. These cams are normally urged to the right by coiled compression springs 70 and 71, that are located betweert the pump cams and the sleeves carrying the valve cams. 4

In a mechanism of this character it is highly desirable to provide a means for fillingfilrepump chambers prior' to starting the engine, so as to insure proper delivery of fuel to the pulverizers, atomizers or injectors in the engine cylinders. To this end I provide a hand actuated pump for each pump, comprising a plun er 73 that may be depressed by the handle 74 against the action of a coiled compression spring 7 5. On

the end of the plunger is a .head 7 6 that also serves as' a valve to prevent the escape of high pressure oil when the hand pump is not w in operatibn. By depressing the plunger 7 3 a few times prior to starting, pil will be forced into the pump chamber and connected parts to fill the same, thereby insuring good working of the power pumps.

Each pump is provided with a discharge to the engine.

valve 77, Fig. '2, which is normally held against its seat by a coiled compression spring 78. Fuel from the pump enters the discharge valve chamber by the passage 79 ply of fuel to the cylinders. To this end I rovide an unloading or bypass valve 81, igs. 2 and 7, which is normally held in the closed position by the coiled compression spring 82, the latter engaging a dollar 83 on the valve stem at one end and a fixed abutment at the other made in the form of the tubular member 84. The member 84- is capable of a limited longitudinal movement in the pump casing suflicien't to relieve the spring tension. It isnormallyheld against outward movement by the l'atch85 which engages an annular shoulder formed on the periphery thereof. WVhen the latch 85 releases the tubular member 84, the latter moves to the right, due to the pressure of the spring 82 and to the fuel pressure issuing from the passage 7 9 on its way to the discharge pipe 80. Under these conditions the valve 81 will beheld open and all the fuel from the passage 7 9'will be bypassed to the chamber 86, from which it is conveyed through the passage 87 to the drip 88 q i on the front of the casing. In order to reset the tubular member a handle 89 is provided by means of which the tubular member can be moved far enough to the left to permit the latch 85 to engage the shoulder. This arrangement also forms a safety device, in

that the-spring 82 is sodesigned as to hold the valve closed for any pressure up to the maximum, and thereafter to yield and permit a certain amount of the fuel to be by passed from the passage 79 to the chamber 86 instead of passing through the pipe 80 ,Tli'e latch 85 is controlled by an emergency governor comprising a ring 90, Figs. 1 and 7, that is mounted in ,a holder 91, which is keyed to the shaft 1();- This ring has a greater mass on one side of its axis than the other, and is normally held in the position shown by the coiled compression spring 92. When, however, the speedexceeds a certain predetermined. maximum the ring moves in a plane transverse to the shaft and engages a trigger 93 which actuates the latch 85.

The latch 93 has a, pivot 94 on which it is adapted to move, also a projection 95 arranged to strike the stop 96. Resting on a. shoulder o'n the latch is a vertical rod 9'? I that is normally depressed by the coiled compression spring 98. On the upper end I of; the rodis a forked head 99'that embraces valve 81 to open.

- tionto a suction valve.

-in the position It is sometimes necessary or desirable to cut all of the pumps out of service instarting or to cut one pump plunger out of service without disturbing the others. An arrangement for this purpose is shown in Figs. 4 and 9 wherein101 indicates a. spindle having a crank 102 on its inner end and a squared outer end'to receive a socket wrench. The crank enters a, notch 103 out in the sideof the cross'hcad which communicates molVhen the crank is shown the cross-head is free to move up and down under the action of the cam on the shaft 10 but when turned through 180 degrees the cross-head is raised. above. the path of the cam and the suction valve is held open] This means that the pump plunger can move back and forth, drawing in a-charge of fuel through the suction valve and discharging it again through the same. In Fig. 9 is also shown one of the slots 104 to receive the pivot of an antifriction roller. ()n the left side of the crossh J. x v head is leather 10o. engaging the casing to prevent the head from turning but permitting it to move up and down. As before stated, the cross-heads of the pump plungers and valve lifters are similar in construction but. the cross-heads of the former are slightly larger than the latter.

Referring to Fig. 11, 35 indicates the easing which has a cylindrical bore or-opening to receive the perforated sleeve 53. Between the sleeve and thewall of the cylinder is an annular chamber or passage 106 that receives fuel from the pump chamber by one or more openings 57 From the chamber it passes through one or more openings 107 to the region around the suction, valve. 57 indicates the leakage receiving passage which registers with openings 108 in the sleeve. to receive any fluid leaking around the valve lifter 54.

In starting the engine by air under pres-' sure or other means the suction valves are raised and held from seating by the spindles 101 to avoid pumping excess charges of oil into the cylinders. When the engine is up to speed and the charges of air in the cylinder are properly heated the suction valves are put into operation and the starting means cut out of operation. The rotation of the shaft 10 moves the pump p'lungers and valves in their proper sequence and the portion of the plunger strokes that the suction valves are held open will be determined by the cams 60, 61 and 08, 69 which are movable axially on the shaft in response to the speed governor. The greater the.portion of the the stroke the valves are positively held open the less will be the amount of fuel delivered by the pipes to the engine cylinders.

- My apparatus 1s especially adapted for [pumping fuels under high pressures and at high speeds.

It has the advantage of being exceedingly rugged and com act, and taking into account the character 0 the work. to be performed is simple in construction and not liable to get out of order.- off a casing the entire mechanism of: the pump can readily beexpo'sed By'taki'ng out the plugs over the suction valves theistter can be removed and examined-without disturbing any of ranging the plungers and valve actuators in parallel cylindrical bores in the-same cas ing the alinement will always be preserved.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, ciple of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the-best embodimentthereof; but I desire to have it understood-that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and

that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1.. In a pump, the combination of a driv ing shaft, pump casings extendingperpendicularly to the shaft and separated by a space, a spaced governor located in the space between the casings and driven byxthe shaft, plungers in the casings that are moved by' the shaft', suction and discharge valves'cooperating with the plungers, adjustable camsv on the shaft for moving the suction valves, means connecting the cams for simul-' taneous movement, and a device operated by the governor for moving thecams axially on the shaft.

2. In a pump, the combination of-adrivlug shaft, a housing-therefor,-pump..eas1ngs.

extending perpendicularly to the shaft and supported by the shaft housing, a speed governor located between the pump casings,

a housing for the governor supported by the shaft housing, phm'gers for the casings, suctron and dlschargevalv es for the plungcrs, 1.1

a set of cams fixed on the shaft for moving the plungers, a second set of cams mounted on the shaft and adjustable axially thereon to regulate the period of closing of the suc-.

tion valves, and a connection between the 12 speed governor and the second set of cams to move them axially on the shaft."

' 3. In a pump, the combination of a driving shaft, a pair of casings spaced from each other and each containing a plurality'of par- 12 allel cylindrical bores, suction and'discharge. valves, plungcrs located in certain of said bores, suction valve actuators located in the remaining bores, anti-friction rollers cooperating with the plungers and actuators,'1:

By taking J.

the other parts. By ar 33 Ihave described the priming;

a vandal cams driven by the shaft-and engaging the rollers, and means located in the space be tween sa1d casmgs for moving the cams that actuate the suction valves to control their period of closing. I y

In a pump, the combination of a drivshait, a casing containing a plurality of cylindrical bores,v suction and discharge valves, plungers located in the outside bores, suction valve actuators located in'l;he adjacent inside bores cams for moving the' aclsu- 1- a; receive leakage, means driven by the shaft for moving the plungers and actuators, and means for varying the efi'ective action of the actuators on the suction valves.

5, In a pump, she combination of a casing having a cylindrical bore andcounter-bore,

a hollow member located in said bore which, closediat its ends, a cylindrical cross-head for the member which is located in the coun-- l'ccbore and engages the member, a roller for moving the cross-head, a compression spring that tends to move the member out of as casing, and means engaging the roller '50 move the member 'againsi; the action of the spring.

7. In a pump, the combination of a casing containing a cylinder, a plunger therein,

suction and discharge valves -co6perating with the plunger, .a lifter for one of the valves, cam means for reciprocating the plunger and moving the lifter, means for controlling the period during which the cam means engages the lifter to regulate the valve, a device for moving the lifter to a posiiion where is positively holds its valve o'penand is out of the path of said means, 4

shaft; for driving said cam means.

suction and discharge valves cooperating with the plunger, a lifter for one of the valves, a driving shaft, a cartoon the shaft for movin theplunger, a second cam also on the shaft for moving the lifter, means for moving the second cam on the-shaft to vary the-period ofclosing of one of the valves, and a means extending through the casing for moving the valve lifter out of the path of the second cam, and to a position to hold the suction valve open. v

9. In a pump, the combination of a casing containing a cylinder, a plunger therein, suction and discharge valves cooperating with the plunger, a lifter for the suction valve, a spindle having a crank atv one end which is adapted in one position to engage and raise the lifter to hold its valve open, cam means for operating the lifter and plunger and a shaft for driving said cam means. 10. In a pump, the combination of a casing containing a. supply chamber and a pinrality of bores, a plunger located in one of said horse, a suction valve located at one end of another of the bores, a perforated sleeve located in the last named bore and separated from the wall. thereof for a portion of its length by a fluid carrying space, certain of said perforations communicating with the chamber, a passage for conveying leakage from. the interior of the sleeve, anda lifter for the valve located in said sleeve.

11. In a pump, the combinationof a cylinder, suction and discharge valves therefor, a plunger, a lifter for she suction valve, means for reciprocating the plunger and lifter 1n the normal operation of the pump, means for changing the phase relation of the plunger and lifter to vary the amount of fluid discharged from the cylinder, and means for moving the lifter out of the path of its normal actuating means, and-"into a position Where it maintains the suction valve open.

In Witness whereof, I have'hereunto set my hand this 7th day of January, l 9l3.

' BERNHARD KRAMER.

Witnesses:

" HARRY LEHMANN,

FRANZ BRANDT.

I Correction in Letters Patent No. 1,1 58362.

t is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,158,062, granted October 2 6,

for an improvement in Pump Mechanism for Internal-Combustion Engines, an

error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 4,

line 98, claim 1, for the word "spaced read speed; and that the said Letters I Patent should be read the record of the case in the Patent Ollice.

with this correction therein that the same may conform to Signed and sealed this 23rd day of November, A. 1)., 1915.

J. T. NEWTON,

[SEAL] i 1 Acting-Commissioner of Patents.

1915, upon the application of Bernhard Kriimenof Charlottenbnrg, Germany,'-

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