US1155326A - Safety mechanism for straight-pull breech-actions of military rifles. - Google Patents

Description

SAFETY yMECHANISM FOR STRAIGHT PULL BREECH ACTIONS 0F MILITARY RIFLESy APPLICATION AFILIE-,I'J MAY 27,-1; I 5.

Parentedsept. 28, 1915.-

198/,y7 31v w V I Q li'new and useful Improvements in' "'.HANs .s'rAMi/i, or sfr'.

UNITED sTATEsLLrENT OFFICE; j

GALLEN, swrrzERLAn-D, AssIG'NoR SAUBER, or ARBoN, SWITZERLAND.

To ATHE'. FIRM 0F ADoLPH SAFETY MEcHANIsM Fon STRAIGHT-@ULL Bannon-ACTIONS or MILIT'ABYRIFLES..

T all whom it mciyronc'm:

- Be it known that I`HANS'STAMM, a citi- Zen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at.v St. Gallen. Switzerland, have invented Mechanisms for Straight-Full Breech-Actions of' Military Rifles; and I dohereby declare the following tol be a full, clear, and

, exact description of the invention, such' as will en'able others skilled in the art to which' it appertains to make and use the same, ref

, erence beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference i marked thereon, which forma part of this "16 specification] i In my Unitedy States Patent. Number #1,124,071, cated January 5, 1914., I have described a safety mechanism for a straight ofV rotating relatively to the striker nut which is screwed lon yit and is formed with v Specification of 'mmm Patent.

' application filed-nay 27, 1915, serial No. 0,773'." n

Safety 1,/ pull breech action with a rotary bolt for y20A military riiies, wherein the striker is capable i' the striker lug, so that the y'striker can vbev Ydrawn back tofsafety by a partial turn by 2,5 hand in both the bolted and unbolted positions of the breech actionl and also when the breech action Yhas been taken outv of the breech frame. In that safety mechanism the striker is prevented from rotating in both the release and safety positions,

means of a spring safety pin which 1s mounted in the striker nut an'd is adapted to snap into suitable catches in the head of the striker. In that mechanism the striker nut and the striker head carryingr the safety' 4 arm from the safety position, whichv might Further,

give rise to serious consequences. fin that arrangement the cooking of the striker is effected 4independently of the operation forplacingit at safety, that is to say, the striker must be drawn back by hand for this purpose.

The present inventlon has now for its object to remedy those drawbacks, and to this end thel Aguidesleeveis formedat its rear 59 with an enlargement having two mutually facing lateral notches into which the strikerwith the safety arm can beinserted with a turning movement for the purpose of being. placed at safety and frelease7 and in .which it isiheld Vby thetension ofthe strik- `and Fig. 8 is a perspective view Patented ing spring- In/thifs/operation,owing to the Sept. 28, 1915.,

axial movement of the strike-r the striker lug is caught'by .the scar and isthereby cocked;

and ,it'remains cocked after the mechanism mechanism ofa partly shown military rifle with the striker released after a shot has been fired.A Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection of the rear portion of the -breech action as shown in Fig. 1and 1*`iy;.'3 is rear View of Fig. 2. Fig.v 4 isa vertical longitudinal -sec'- tion of ,the straight pull breech vactionwith the striker cocked and partly at safety. Fig. is a horizontal section'of the rear portion of the breech action as shown in Fig. 4. Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the guiding sleeve, of the striker nut. l l f As shown, the militaryriie has a straight pull breechaction capable of moving to-andfrol in a'straight line in a stationary breech frame l which is rigidly lfixed to the barrel c) with two lockingr nibs l provided with trans- Vamy The breech action comprises the" rotary i breech bolt formed at its enlarged rear end' verse inclined surfaces b(Figs. 1 andft);

these nibs are made in one piece with the breech bolt., The breech action comprises further the bolt-actuating sleeve 5 which is -end .of the latter, and is adapted to slide toand-fro along the same; it is provided in the usual manner with a handle (not shown) by means of which the' said sleeve and with itv thelentire breech action can be mvedtoand-fro in the breech frame forthe purpose of opening andfclosing the breech. 'y For the reception of the locking nibs 4 in locking the breech action there are provided on the rear end of the breech frame 1 two locking cavities 7 which are limited at the rear bythe stops 8 (Figs. 1 and 4).

For' thegpurpose of imparting to 'the breech bolt the rotary motion required for locking and unlocking, the breech bolt is bolt-actuating sleeve 5 projects with corresponding screw pieces 10. ing sleeve 5 is able to move longitudinally to such an extent that its motion on the breech formed with screw- Grooves 9 into which the i The bolt-actuatbolt will cause the latterV tomake a quarter..I turn (90 degrees), the nibs`4 being rotated into. and out of theA l cavities-.7. xThe, movement of the bolt-,actuating sleeve on the breech bolt is limitedrearwardly by the stdp surface 3 on the -breech bolt (Fig. 1), and.

forwardlyby the head of the cartridge case extractor (not shown) which 1s mounted on thebolt-actuating sleeve.

w 'The Striking mechanism. is mOllIted in the breech bolt 3; it consists of the striker 1v1 "t which carries on its forward end the removable striker needle v12, and on its rear end a hea-ld 13 having a laterally projecting 1 5 safety. arm 14 (Figi 2)'. 1 This arm has ingfront a small nosellf. The striker is acted.l upon by the strikingy spring y'l5 which bears i at one end'against the strilerneedl'e 12fand'- l .atf'its other end against tli'e vguiding sleeve zo 1G sereweljinto the breech/bolt' 3 1*:3). This guiding sleeve is formed at its rear end 4with an enlarged part 17 hav# ing a ycylindrical bore which receives the st'rikei". nath-ISV and the head 13, lying be- 2'5 hind it, of the striker, The striker 11 has a screw threaded portion 19 on which the striker nutis screwed. 'he guiding sleeve 16 is formed with lateral notches 20, 21 of different depths; situated diametrically fac j ing each other, that is, "180 degrees apart, into whicl.'the"safety arm 14 enters in the safetyand release positionsv of the striker, and; in which it can be securedvk against rotating in an extremely reliable m'anrer by the tension of the strlklng slnzingl JCF 2, 3 and 5, 7). The notches 2O and 2 1 `are furnished in front with re- -zcesses 'for the nose 1:1 ofthe safety arm .(Fig. 2).

The' pitch of the` screwthread 'of the '.striker nut and ofthe strikerll is such thatfliivtii/r-niang thesafety arln 14 the striker vlis screwed.'back' in the striker nut, and "thereby-the' striker needle in the breech bolt is-"drawn back and consequently placed at safety to a .suilicient extent. The striker ni'lt'lS Vprojects with a fillet 18 (Fig. 8) "formed'on-its underside into a longitudinal slot 22 (Figs. 1 and 3) in the guiding sleeve 17. From them'nlerside of this fillet there projects a lug 23. and from, the front end of the fillet there projects the safety nose 24 (Fig. 3) which coperates in thc same manner as described in niyv aforesaid patent, witl'l'two notches .25 and 2G (Fig, 4) formed 90 degrees apart in the rear end `of 4the breech boltfor the purpose of moving `the breech bolt'l auton-xatically to safetyn i The notch 25 is deeper than the notch 2G so as to permit the striker with its nut 1S. to shoot 'forward in the discharge of tht` rifle. whereas the notch 26 in which thc nose 2l enters after the unlocking ot' the breech bolt and which is connected by`an inclined surface to the notch 25. serves to `keep the striker drawn backat safety The lower half of the part 17 of the guidsleeve 16 projects beyond the upper half of the part 17fso-as to'present a support for the striker head 13 when the safety 70 arm is turned.'

27 is the'spring cartridge case ejector which is mounted'below the breech bolt with freedom of-vertical movement; it serves to "'sleeve` 5 is Lin its forward position on the .v breech bolt, and the striker nut 18 projects with its 'nose "24into the deeper notch 25' in the rear end of the vbreech bolt, While the safety arm 14'of thepstriker 11 is .engaged in the deeper notch 20 of the guiding sleeve 1G, 17 that is to say, it is in its released position.. To open the breech action the yboltactuating sleeve 5 is drawn back. This 95 movement produces at `first by means of the A screw grooves 9 and" screw pieces 10a rotation ofvthe breech bolt 3', andthus-un- 'locks the'. breech action, while the dis.

charged empty cartridge case is loosened to 1.00 a .considerable degree by the transverse 1nnclination of the locking nibs 4.

Toward the Aend of the unlocking movement the rear end of the bolt-actuating vsleeve strikes against the stop face 3 of 105 lthe breech bolt. and the lockingr nibs 4 pass out of the cavities 7 of the. breech frame; and from this instant onward the entire breech action is drawn back behind the loading opening At the saine instant the loosened empty cartridge case is ejected by vthe ejector 27 situated underneath behind the loading opening. and'vduring the ba.ck. wardniovement of the bolt-actuating sleeve that is to sav, during the unlocking ro- 11.5 tation, ofthe breech bolt. the striker 11. is' placed automatically at safety by the fact that the nose 24 of the striker nut 18 moves into thc less deep notch 26 .in the-'rear end of the breech bolt whereby the breech bolt 129.

S is prevented at the same time from r0- -tating to any further extent.

ln closing the breech, the straight forward pushing ofthe bolt-actuating sleeve. 5 effects .b v means of the breech bolt head the push- 125.,

ing of a fresh cartridge (which has been pressed up out of the magazine) into the barrel. and at the same time inthe forward pus-hing of the breech action'the striker lug on the-nut 18 is stopped by the'sear lug 130 31, and the striking spring 'is compressed. When the breech bolt 3 strikes the rear end ofgthe barrel behind 'thecartridge, the for ward movement of .thebolt-actuating sleeve (which alone is now moved) causes through the medium of the screw grooves 9 and screw pieces 10, the breech and thereby become cocked again. In this discharging theV rifle. "Since howeyer the bolt yto turn againl movement the nose 24e on the striker nut'18 opposite the deeper notch 25 inthe rear end of the breech` bolt into which it enters when the rifle is discharged.v The rifle is thus again' -ready to be fired. In ad- .dition to this automatic vplacing vof the striker and `breech bolt at safety during' the opening of the breech action which placing at safety operates'in the saine manner as described in my aforesaidv patent, thestriker 11, may, as hereinbefore stated, also be .in'toi'the left v`hand slot 21 in the guidingV tempo rary placed atsaf'ety by hand, before the 'shot is fired, that is, before the breech action is opened. For that purpose the safety arm 14 with the striker is` drawn back out of the right-hand slot 2O (Fig. 2), and turned through 180 degrees `over to the le ft with rotationof the striker, and is then engaged sleeve 16,` 117. vSince however in withdraw ing the f `striker the striker vnut with thestriker' lug 23 comes behind the lug 31 of the scar, the turned over safety arm 14 with the strikeris 4also Yable for the present to be inserted for afslight distance, that is, with the nose 11, into the safety slot 21 of the'guiding sleeve 16, 17, under the inuence of the striking spring 15, because the striker lug abuts against the vscar lugl and is prevented bythe latter from shooting forward, to say, it is locked (Figs. 4 and 5). DuringI this first stage of the safety operation the striking mechanism has thus beenv 'cocked `and at the saine time placed at *safety While in its cockcdstate. This is however only a safetyf position during the fighting in the firing line. By drawing the safety arm lll back for ashort distance and turning it over in its cocked state, out of the lefthand slot 21 back into the right hand slot 2O of the guiding sleeve (Fig. 2),'.the rilie is all once restored to its cocked condii tion ready( for firing. Y

lug, and thus .allow Then it" is desired to place the rifle at safety for a long period. then, when the safety arm 14 is in the safety notch 21, the trigger 2f) is pulled to release. the striker the safety arm of `the striker to enter 'completely into the notch 2.1 (dotted position in Fig.` 5l. lBut since, as hereinbefore stated. the turning ove'r of the ar|n 14, that is the rotation of thejtriker relatively to the striker nut '137 ycaused :l screwing back of the striker in the strikernut "(as described in"1ny aforesaid patent) the striker needle is no lf'lnger able to come in contact with the-detonator of the car-` that is lug 23cm the striker nut is again stopped by 15 the Sear-lug 31, the lstriker 11 can nowmove only a shortr distance. into the .right hand slot whereby the riileis now releasedfrom safety\`and' isagainready for tiring,u l

Thus laccording to thepresent invention, '80

in contradistinction to the construction described in my aforesaidpatent, the operation of placing the striker11at safety ef' `fects at the same time the cockingofthe striker Whichiremains cocked even after the release until the shot `is fired., lThat is to say,/1n the present case, it is not necessary after the release, to pull'back thestriker specially, in order to cockl it, asin theconstruction described in my aforesaidfpatentlQO The tWo slots 2() and 21 in the `guiding sleeve 16, 17 on the left hand for` placing at safety, and onlthe right for cooking and iirf ing, are provided simply for preventing rotation of the striker, and theyl musthave a depth sufficient to allow thesafety varm 14,

when the striker cocked,jto enter'fat all 'times with its nose ltinto the recesses at the ends ofv the slots 20, 2 1 in order that the Acocking and safety. noses of the striker nut shall always beable to be pressed by the striking Spring-15 without hindrance either into the deeper notch 25 Vofy the breech bolt for firing .the shht, Aor into the less deep safety notch 26 of the breech bolt, because-105 these two notches in the breech bolt are designed lto couple the breech bolt in both its locked and unlocked conditions, always in the correct positionrelativeto the guiding sleevel, 17, without being liable to be turned or shifted.

Owing to the simplicity of construction it is a very easy mattei' to take' the breech action apart and 'put it together again.

After removal of the breech yaction from the l l nut, out of the guiding sleeve 16, 17 fro1n behind` and the striker vis screwed out of the striker nut'lS.I v-

The putting togetherV 1s effected .in the reverse order with equalj ease and'simpl1c1ty- The striker 11 with the striker 'n ,ut' 18 is ing to the present invention has in addition lfrom the front Aover the long y of the striker, and the striker .pled/ to the striker 11 in front of thekstriklng spring. The whole is then screwed into the breech bolt 3 from behind by means of behind. Then the saiking'spring is'slipped needle is fcouthe sleeve 16, 17, whereupon the breech action can be readily pushed into the breech frame.

The improvedsafety mechanism accordto the hereinbefore stated advantage that vthe striker is cocked in the securing movementythe further advantage over the safety mechanism described in my aforesaid-patent, that the striker nut and the head of the striker With the safety arm, lie in the released-and safety positions in the guiding l sleeve, protected against. external injurious influences and against unintentional turning and shifting.'v

What Iv Wish to claim is: 1.. In a straight pull. breech action for military ritles, abreech frame, a rotary breech bolt therein, astriking apparatus in the breech boltcomprising a striker having a. safety arm, a striker spring, and a striker nut Screwed on the striker Aand havlng a lug,

.said striker capable ofrotating relatively to said nut, and a guide sleeve for the striker movably Xed in the back part of the breech bolt and receiving said nut andsafety arm,

' said sleeve being' providedy with means `to hold the striker by the tensibn of the striker spring at safety and at release.

,2. In a straight pull breech action for.

blej of rotating relatively to said nut, a

. guide sleeve for the striker mo-vably fixed in the hack part of thebreech bolt and having an enlarged rear part to receive said nut and the safety arm, said sleeve having two lateral diamet-rically opposite notches into whlch the safety arm can be inserted by a rotary movement and be held therein Abyy the tension of the striking springL for 'the purpose of at release.I

3'. straight pull breech actionfor milita-ry rifles, ab'reech frame, a rotary breech bolt therein, a striking apparatus in the breeclibolt comprising a striker having a safety arm, a striker spring,l and a striker nut screwed on the striker and having a, lug, the striker capable of rot-ating relatively `to said nut` a guide sleeve for the striker mova/bly fixed in the back part'of the breech bolt -and having an enlarged rear part with a cylindrical bore to recelve sald nut landthe' front pgrtion said striker capable of, rotating relatively o placing the striker at safety and 'head of the striker, said sleeve having two lateral diametrically opposite notches' ofdiflerent depth into which the safety'arm can be inserted bya rotary movement and be held therein by the tension ofthe striking spring for the purpose of placing the striker at safety and at'release, and mea-ns to catch and cock thestrike-r bythe axial movement resulting therefrom.

In a straight pull breechv action for militaryl rifles, a breech. frame, a rotary breech bolt therein, the breech bolt comprising a str iker having a striking. apparatus in a safety arm, a striker spring, a striker nut screwed on the striker and having a lug, said striker capable of rotating relatively to said nut, a guide sleeve for the striker movably fixed in the back-part ofthe breech-bolt and having an venlarged rear part to receive thestriker nut and the head of the striker, said sleeve havingA two lateral diametrically opposite notches into which the safety arm can be inserted by a rotary; movement and be held therein by the tensionof the striking springfor the purpose of placing the striker at safety and at release, andga/ Sear lug adapted to catch the striker y the striker lug and to cock the striker by the axialv movement resulting therefrom to bring the striker in the released and safety position. l v f 5. In a straight pullbreech action for military rifles, a breech frame, a rotary breech bolt therein, a strikingapparatus in the breech bolt comprising va striker havizxg a safety arm, a striker spring, a striker screwedpn the striker and havinga le the nut, a guide slee\'e for the striker mov? ably fixed in the back partA of the breech boltand having an enlarged re'ar part to receive the strikernut and the head of the striker, vsaid sleeve havingtwo lateral diae metrically opposite notches into Which ,the safety arm can be inserted by a rotary movement andl be held therein' by the tension of the striking spring for the purpose `of placing bthe striker at safetyand at release,

means to Acock the striker inthe securing1 movement, and means on vthe safety arm tc prevent the cockedA striker from rotating' H:

said nut, a lguide sleeve for the striker mov- While in the safetyl position and immedil` aLly fixed in the back part of the breech holt and having an enlarged rear part to re- `cei ve the striker nutand thesafety arm; the

enlarged part of the sleeve having tWo lateral` diametrically opposite notches into Y vhieh the safety arm can ven be inserted by a rotary movement and be held therein by the tension ofthe striking spring for the pnrpose of placing the striker at safety and at release, means to cock the striker in the securing movement, the safety arm of the striker provided Awith a Aforwardly directed nose adapted one or" two notches in the guiding sleeve that the cocked striker is prevented from rotatv ing 'while in the safety position and mime-f A'ii'ately before firing. 1

.\ Yf military breech bolt therein, the breech bolt comprising a 7. In .a straight pull breech action for rifles, a breech frame, a rotary a striking apparatus in screwed on the striker and having aY lng,

said striker capable of rotating relatively to said nut, a guide sleeve `for the striker movably fixed in the back part of the breech ,bolt and having` an enlarged rear part to receive the striker nut and the head of the striker,

said sleeve having tivo lateral diametricallyopposite notches into which the safety arm can be inserted, by a rotary move? movement, means' on ment and be held therein by the tension' ofv the purpose of plac' the strikingspring for ing the striker at safety and at release, Ineens to cock the striker in. the securing the safety 'farm to prevent the cock `d striker from rotating f while in the safety position and immediately before vfiring, and means to prevent lrotary movementsv of v'the to enter to such a depth into -striker,

striker having a safety arm, a striker spring, a striker nnt\ av rotation of the striker striker. l

'pullbreech action for breech frame, la 4rotary apparatlis' in 8. In -a straight military rifles, a'V breech-bolt therein, 'afstriking nut by axial and I the 'breech' bolt comprising a striker having a safety arm, alstriker spring and a striker nut screwed on the striker and .having -a lug, said striker capable OrOtatingEi-elatively to said nut, a` guide sleeve for the striker movably fixed inthe back part of the breech r movement, means on the safety arm to pre# vent the cocked strikerfrom vrotating While in the safety position and immediately before ring, the enlarged portion of the gud* ing sleeve having a longitidinal slot through which a fillet on thestriker nut projects, whereby the'striker nut is prevented from In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I .have signed my :name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses. f,

Witnesses y prpose of plac- I "HANS sTAMM.

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