US1153411A - Construction of ferroconcrete trusses, girders, and the like. - Google Patents

Description

R. WUCZKOWSKI.

CONSTRUCTION OF FERROCONCRETE TRUSSES, GIRDERS, AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.27. 1914.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH 60.. WASHINGTON, 17.6..

R. WUCZKOWSKI.

CONSTRUCTION OF FERROCONCRETE TRUSS ES, GIRDERS, AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.27. 1914.

1 ,1 53,41 1., Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

COLUMBIA PLANUGRAPH co wAsHlNuTom D, G.

R. WUCZKOWSKI.

CONSTRUCTION OF FERROCONCRETE TRUSSES, GIRDERS, AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-27. I914.

4 SHEETSSHEET a.

Patented Sept.

LlfiAlL COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH COUWASIHNGTOH, u. c,

R. WUCZKOWSKI.

CONSTRUCTION OF FERROCONCRETE TRUSSES, GIRDERS, AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-27.1914.

Patentedsept. 14, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

RICHARD VVUCZKOWSKI, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

CONSTRUCTION OF FE-RBOCONCRETE TRUSSES, GIBDERS, AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 1a, 1915.

Application filed January 27, 19 144. Serial No. 814,627.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, RICHARD W'nozrcowsKI, subject of the Emperor of Austria Hungary, residing at l-legergasse 8, Vienna, AustriaHungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of F erroconcrete Trusses, Girders, and the like, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a new construction for ferro-concrete trusses, girders and the like which may be subjected. to bending strains; a peculiar formation of the compression straps and compression trajectories of the truss insures the provision of a truss which is almost independent of the quality of theconcrete in which it is embedded and furthermore possesses increased supporting power. These objects are attained according to the present invention by building into the truss in the direction in which its compression straps and compression trajectories run, cores of a building material capable of withstanding pressure and connecting the cores with the tie rods of the truss by means of suitable connecting elements.

The new method of building is illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various structures that may be subjected to bending strains such as girders, trusses, arches and the like.

Figure 1 is an elevation of a portion of a composite girder constructed according to this invention, the concrete surrounding the trussing being removed to show the structure. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the left hand support of the composite girder. Figs. 3, a, 5 and 6 are sections on the lines HIIII, IV-IV, VV'and VI-VI of Fig. 1. Figs. 7 and 8 show inelevation two lattice or trussed girders constructed according to this invention. Fig. 9,shows the formation of a truss without diagonals (Vierendeel system). Fig. 10 shows the formation of a hollow truss. Figs. 11 and 12 show in elevation and section details of the portion marked XI of the trussed girder shown in Fig. 7. Figs. 13 and 14L show in elevation and section details of the portion marked XIII of the trussed girder shown in Fig. 7. Figs. 15 and 16 show in elevation and section details of the portion marked XV of the trussed girder shown in Fig. 8. Figs. 17 and 18 show in elevation and section details of the portion marked XVII of the lattice girder shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 19 shows diagrammatically the formation of an arch according to this invention. Fig. 20 is a transverse section of a short or shallow arch. Fig. 21 is a transverse section of along or deep arch. Figs. 22, 23 and 24 show in'perspective various elementary thrust resisting members for the cores. Figs. 25 26 and 27 show diagrammatically the method of constructing a composite girder as shown in Fig. l of the drawing.

Before the method of construction of the new girder is more fully described thetrussing thereof will be described first from a purely constructive point of View. The composite girder shown in Figs. 1 to 6 has in its upper part a core a: which runs in the direction of its compression strap and will iereinafter be briefly termed the compression strap core.

Against the compression strap core a: bear a series of cores 3 which run in a diagonal direction and also in direction of the thrust trajectories of the girder and will be hereinafter briefly termed the thrust trajectory cores. The compression strap cores and the thrust trajectory cores are composed, in the constructions shown in the drawings of a number .of compression resisting members of a building material (such as natural or artificial stone) which is capable of resisting pressure.

The tie bars 2 of the composite girder are arranged in the lower arch and consist in the construction shown in Fig. 1 of three rows of round bar iron 2 2. 2 a, 2 a, 2 2 a, (see Fig. 6) arranged one above the other. The thrust trajectory cores bear with their undersides against a thrust member 2 lying upon the tie bars 2 and provided with projecting heads (see Fig. 2). At the other end of the thrust trajectory cores is provided a thrust member 7 provided with wedge-shaped surfaces, which bears on one side against the thrust member 2 of the compression strap core 00 and on the other against a downwardly extending bearing surface 8 on the thrust member.

The tie rods 2 are connected by suitable means to the compression strap core :1: and the thrust trajectory cores y of the girder. The connection of the tie rods to the compression cores of the girder may be effected in various ways, for example by anchoring the ends of the tie rods to or in the thrust members of the cores. In the construction shown in Fig. 1 the outer tie rods 2 2- are anchored to a thrust member 2 of the thrust trajectory core ywhich thrust member as shown in Fig. 2 is provided with projecting heads. The central tie rod 2 is anchored in the manner shown in Fig. 2 to the thrust trajectory core y itself. The outer tie rods 2, e of the second row are anchored to a thrust member 2 of the compression strap core"(see Fig. '3) while the central tie rod 2 is anchored to a bolt 3 (see Fig. 3) which is carried by the ends i of the tie rods 2*, 2. which are bent around to form hooks. The tie rods 2 .2 are an- 7 chored in the manner shown in Fig. 5 to a thrust member 2 of the compression strap core 00 provided with projecting heads, while the central tie rod 2 is anchored to a ring 5, .(see Fig. 5) which is carried on the end thrust member 7 of the thrust trajectory core. The compression strap core and if'necessary' the thrust trajectory core also, is Wound around with a trussing of any desired form, consisting of a longitudinal trussing 1.0 With a transverse trussing 11 suitably arranged closer thereto. The construction and formation of this trussing must be made to suit the particular strain to which the structure is to be subjected.

The construction of composite girders of the structure hereinbefore described may be carried out in various ways. A particularly suitable method of construction for the production of such composite glrders will be described with reference to Figs. 25, 26

and 27. In this method of construction core piecesm are first formed from a number of elementary thrust members 1. This is most simply effected by inclosing a group of thrust members 1 ranged loosely alongside each other in an angle iron framework 20 (see Fig. 25) and by winding this framework around with wire. The number of thrust trajectory cores 3 required for the composite girder is next formed in exactly the same way. hen this has been done the compression strap cores and the thrust .1 of the composite girder are next anchored in the manner already descrlbed to-the compression cores of the girder, the compress1on bars and tie rods if necessary interlaced wlth each other and the girder trussv ing so obtained inclosed by the walls 22, 23

of the mold. The mold 21, 22, and 23 with the girder trussing inclosed therein is then set up in a vertical position and the mold filled up with concrete in the well known manner which completes the process of production of the composite girder.

sorbed by thrust members of previously selected elasticity of compression, while in girders of the normal structure the strains which are set up in the pressure zones have to be absorbed by the concrete itself. By the building in of cores made of building materials which are capable of resisting pressure and follow the direction in which the compression straps and thrust trajectories run, there is therefore provided a truss which is completely independent of the quality of the binding power of the concrete. The only duty of the concrete in the new truss construction is to inelose the tension members and thrust members of the girder, to give it the usual appearance and to increase its fire resisting powers.

Composite girders constructed as above described can be produced with considerably reduced cost of construction for the same supporting power and if made at the same cost of construction yield a greatly increased supporting power.

The above described structure of truss may also be employed with suitable changes in the arrangement of the compression straps and thrust trajectory cores for trusses, columns, arches and the like which are subjected to eccentric strains and eX- amples of such trusses are diagrammatically shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 1.0 of the drawing. In these figures the compression straps and thrust trajectory cores are denoted by it throughout, the thrust cores being shown for the sake of clearness as homogeneous core pieces with the omission of all longitudinal and transverse trussings. The tie rods are indicated by dot and dash lines 2, and in like manner, for the sake of clearness the special means for connecting the tie rods with the thrust cores and the formation of the so-called knots of the truss are not shown in full. The formation of the knots of the truss may be effected in various ways. The knot formations shown in Figs. 11 to 18 are only given by way of examples of specially suitable constructions.

The connection of the tie bars at the knot XI of the truss shown in Fig. 7 is effected by a shoe-shaped ll'OIl structure 31 mounted on the connecting thrust member 30, to

which the tie rod 2 of fiat or otherwise suitare built in between the tension straps a and are riveted by means of angle irons to the tension straps. The tension trajectory member 00 running toward the knot XIII is attached to the tension straps z in the manner shown in Fig. 13. The knot formation shown in Figs. 15 and 16 (knot XV, Fig. 8) is constructed in a similar manner to the knot XI. The only difference between it and the latter is that a suitably constructed anchoring shoe 50 is provided with means such as studs 51 to which are attached round bar iron or cable tie rods Z. In like manner the tie rod connection XVII (see Figs. 17 and 18) of the truss shown in Fig. 8 of the drawing is constructed in a similar manner to the knot XIII (see Fig. 13). The above described details of constructions of the knot formations are only intended to illustrate the possibility of a statically secure ligature between the compression straps and the thrust trajectory cores. The formation of the connections themselves may be varied as desired without departing from the invention.

The invention may also be applied with advantage to truss constructions which are subjected to eccentric pressures and examples of such structures are illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, 19, 20 and 21 of the drawings. Fig. 9 shows a truss without diagonals (a so-called Vierendeel girder) constructed according to this invention. Fig. 10 shows the structure of a one or more storied hollow truss, while Figs. 19, 20 and 21show in elevation and transverse sections the formation of shallow and deep arches ac cording to this invention. The trussing of these structures will be at once understood on reference to the drawings, if it be remembered that in these drawings the core trussings arranged in the pressure zones of the structure and composed of a building material capable of resisting or withstanding pressure are denoted by ac and the tie rods arranged in the tension zones by a. When the present invention is applied to hollow and girder trusses the solid arches and compression straps required in such trusses when the usual ferro-concrete building methods are employed may be dispensed with, without the supporting power and structure of the truss constructions being unfavorably affected.

The material of the thrust core trussing, the form and formation of the elements of the thrust cores composing the thrust members and also their assemblage and the nature of their material may be varied as desired without departing from the present invention.

Having thus described my invention and explained the mode of operation thereof, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In reinforced concrete construction, a compression strap core comprising a sub stantially continuous member formed of a series ofindependent members or elements juxtaposed end to end, a thrust trajectory core comprising a continuous member formed of individual members or elements placed end to end, said thrust trajectory core extending at an angle to and engaging said compression strap core, and metallic tie bars for firmly connecting said cores to each other.

2. In reinforced concrete construction, a compression strap core comprising a series of like members or elements arranged end to end to form a continuous core, thrust members between certain of said core members, each of said thrust members having projecting heads, a thrust trajectory core comprising a plurality of independent members or elements placed end to end and forming a continuous series extending at an angle to the compression strap core and tie bars engaging said thrust trajectory core and the projecting heads of the thrust members in said compression strap core.

3. In reinforced concrete construction, a compression strap core consisting of a plurality of separate pressure resisting members arranged end to end to form a substantially continuous series, thrust members interposed at intervals between certain adjacent members of said compression strap core, thrust trajectory cores each arranged at an angle less than a right angle to the compression strap core, each of said thrust trajectory cores comprising a plurality of separate members or elements arranged end to end to form a continuous series, a wedge shaped thrust member between the adjacent surfaces of each thrust trajectory core and the compression strap core, said thrust members having one surface bearing against the compression strap core proper and another sur face bearing against one of the thrust members of said compression strap core, and metallic tie bars for connecting said entire structure together.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RICH. IVUCZKOWSKI, ING.

Witnesses:

ANTON MAREK, AUeUs'r FUGGER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0.

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