US1130090A - Combustion-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

' R. KUTSGHINSKI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11, 1913- 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

ROBERT KUTSCHINSKI, or KOHLHASENBRU'CK, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

COMBUSTION-TURBINE.

Application filed November 11, 1913. Serial No. 800,322.

To alt whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT KUTsomNsKI,

of Kohlhasenbriick, near Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Im- ...pro.vcments in Combustion-Turbines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such. as will enable others skilled in the art 'to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

The present invention relates to arrangenients in combustion turbines, in particular in such turbines as are run with gaseous or 'l ichuid fuels.

he invention, essentially, consists in that the pressure of the explosion in the combustion chamber is utilized for automatically opening and closing both the valve, which controls the entrance of the explosion gases into the nozzle of the turbine, and also the fuel admission valve. The movements of the nozzle valve, and therewith also of the admission valve are regulated by the adjustment of a liquid brake co-acting with the first mentioned valve.

In the accompanying drawings the invention is exemplified in a constructional form. In these drawings Figure 1 is a vertical axial section through the turbine, the section being laid on the right side of the figure through the combustion chamber. Fig. 2' is a vertical section transversely to the axis, which is laid on the left side of the figure through the combustion chamber, and in a plane which lies in front of the sectional plane through the turbine itself.

The arrangement consists of the turbine itself,'comprising the rotor 1 and the stator 2, the combustion chamber 3, the fan 4 and the various valves and accessories.

In the drawings a two-stage axial turbine with partial impingement has been shown. The: combustion gases pass from the combustion chamber 3 through a nozzle 5 into the blades 6 of the first stage, flow through the guide blades 7, and after having again expended their energy in the blade flange 8, they escape into the housing of the turbine,

whence they pass into the exhaust.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

10, which penetrate the bearing of the turbine shaft next to the combustion chamber. Thereby a very effective cooling of this "bearing is insured, which would otherwise,

owing to the proximity of the hot combustion chamber, have to be moved farther away. A similar arrangement may also be provided for the other bearing.

On the fan 4 follows in an axial direction the combustion chamber, which is made integral with the housing of the turbine, following the lines of the latter. The ringshapcd passage 11 encircling the delivery side of the fan 4 communicates through a conduit 12 with-an, ante-chamber 13 of the combustion chamber. In the partition a non-return valve 14: is fitted, which opens inward and serves to admit the scavenging air into the combustion chamber. Before the air in conduit 12 enters into the chamber 13 the compressed air may be submitted to the action of a throttle valve. From the delivery side of the fan 4 another conduit 15, not seen in Fig. 1, proceeds, which supplies the necessarv compressed air to the injection "alve. This valve is made in form of a mixing valve, so that it is unnecessary to provide any special means for gasifying liquid fuels, or in other words no carbureter is required. The arrangement of the valve will be more particularly described farther below. The admission valve is automatically operated by the outlet valve 21 controlling the gasnozzle 5 of the turbine.

The outlet valve consists of the valve cone the valve body 22, so that the valve is lifted contrary to the action of a spring 24, when the pressure within the combustion chamber 3 rises. The valve spindle 25 further has a piston 26 which works'in the cylinder containing the spring 24. This cylinder communicates through three passages 27 28 and 29 with a chamber 30. The passage 29 can be made narrower by means of a set screw 31. This arrangement, the cavities ofwhich contain oil or some other liquid, forms a regulable liquid brake and has the object of keeping the nozzle valve 23 so long open after the explosion, until the scavenging air has driven out the burnt gases.

The. free end of the valve spindle 25 is connected by means of a double-armed lever 32 with the spindle of the admission '22, the spindle of which carries a piston 23, the. section of which is larger than that of valve 16, the nozzle body of which 34 fitted into the outer housing has two bores 35 and 36 respectively. The smaller bore 35 is, tapered at the end toward the mouth of the nozzle and terminates in the mouth of the nozzle 37: which consists of a fine bore of about 0.3 millimeter diameter. The wider bore 36 has about at its middle slots 38 in the sides, which lead into a ring-pas sage 19 cut into the housing 16, and which communicates directly with the atmosphere or through the pipe 15 with the fan or a compressed air vessel. The nozzle needle 17, the free tapered end of which in its terminal position closes the bore of the nozzle, is ground into the cylindrical part ofthe bore 35 and acts there as a piston. In the wider part 3.6 there is another piston 18 likewise conneeted to the nozzle needle. which piston 18 is preferably provided with packing rings. The front end of the nozzle body is tapered and is surrounded by a threaded shoulder which con-, tains two inverted conical cavities. 'Of these cavities the inner one 39 approximately follows the taper of the front end of the nozzle, while the other 40 flares toward outside. The cavity 39 communicates with the cvlindrical chambe 36 through a. pluralitv of passages 41. The fuel is introduced through a connection tube 42 wh ch communicates through a. passage with the bore 35 of the nozzle bodv.

The operation of the iniection valve is as follows: A fter the bore 35 of the nozzle has filled partlv w th fuel after the need e 17 has been w thdrawn. and the cvlind ical chamber in front of the piston 18 has been p t into communication with the atmoshere or the so ce of the compressed air. t e nozzle n ed e 17 is driven forward. The ebv the liouid in the bore 35 is driven out th o h the graduallv contracted rip-I- shaned slot between the front end of the nozzle needle and the wall .of the bo e of the noz e and th owzh the fine orifice of the nozz the fuel be ng, thereh finelv diffused. This diffus ng a d the further S read ng of the cone of d ffused fuel is ass sted bv the, air dri en bv the piston 18 th gh the as ges 41 into the. cavitv 39 which air is driven through the ringsha ed nap between the cont action of the two hollow cones and the f ont end of the n le. and is th bv int mate v mixed t the alreadv d fused fuel. It mav be further mentioned. that it is not absolutelv nece arv to emn ov com ressed air for wo k the ini t on valve: a verv effect e diffus on will be alreadv obtained. if air is su lied at 15 under atmospheric pressure onlv. The niect on valve mav. of 001"0. also be e'mnlnved for internal 30m- -bust on engines of other kinds.

At 33 a connection is shown intended to receive a spark plug, which operates when the gas turbine is started. During the normal running of the turbine the ignition is automatic, as the combustion chamber is continuously at a high temperature.

The operation of the turbine is as follows: It shall be assumed that the turbine is already'running and a charge of'fuel has just been injected through the valve 16 into the chamber 3. v The fuel is introduced through the nozzle finely diffused and intimately mixed with the combustion air, so that an instant and complete combustion takes place on the hot inside walls of the chamber. In consequence of the rise of the pressure caused thereby the nozzle valve 22, which, untilthen was kept closed by the spring 94. is opened, as the pressure acting on the piston 23 exceeds the pressure on the effective surface of the valve cone. The combustion gases under high. pressure pass out through the nozzle 5 and impinge on the turbine Wheel. The instant closing of the nozzle valve 21 is prevented by the liquid brake. which allows of the valve re-- turning ouiteegradually onlv. 'During this period the pressure in the combustion chamber gradually drops until the spring of thescavenm'ng' valve 14 together. with the pressure of the air in the chamber 13 act ng on the outside of the valve prevails and opens the valve toward inside. The sprin of the valve is so dimensioned. that it will hold the valve normallv closed against the pressure of the scavenging air.

n nerallv not exceeding 1 atmosphere. Th o gh the valve the compressed air supplied bv the fan or compressor/t enters into the combust on chamber and passes out th oun'h the still o en valve of the nozzle 5, whe ebv the combust on chamber is thorousrhlv scavenged and all'combustion products are remo ed therefrom. After this has taken place. the nozzle valve 22 c oses again under action of the spring 24. The time in which the valve returns can be'varied in a verv s m le m nner by adjusting the screw 31 of the liqu d brake.

The scavenging air is su plied. as herein before d sc ibed. to the chamber 13 by the fan 4. which sucks it through the assaaes 10 in the bearing of the turbine shaft. Also the compressed air entering at 15 into the fuel valve 16 is sup lied bv the fan 4.

The control of the inlet valve is positively geared to the outlet valve in such a manner. that when the latter is lifted, for

instance. when the combustion gases under. high pressure escape through the nozzle 5 both the admission of draft air is closed bv the piston valve 18 and. that of the fuel through the needle valve 17 whereas when the nozzle valve is closed the piston valve and the needle valve are open, so that the fuel can enter into the chamber 3. As the movements of the inlet valve are dependent on those of the outlet valve and thus also on the liquid brake of this valve, the succession of the explosions and thereby also the running of the turbine can be controlled in a simple manner by the adjustment of the throttle screw 31.

\ In place of the single nozzle 5 shown obviously also several nozzles, and also several combustion chambers may be provided, which are then preferably distributed in an even manner over the whole circumference of the turbine.

I claim:

1. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, at nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said nozzle valve positively coupled to said inlet valve in such a manner, that the inletvalve closes automatically when the nozzle valve opens and viceversa.

2. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said nozzle valve positively coupled to said inlet valve in such a manner, that the inlet valve closes automatically when the nozzle valve opens and vice versa and means for automatically opening the nozzle valve under the action of the pressure of the combustion gases.

3. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said nozzle valve positively coupled to said inlet valve in such a manner, that the inlet valve closes automatically when the nozzle valve opens and vice versa, :1 piston in connection to said nozzle 'alve and being under action of the combustion gases and of a yielding opposed force, said piston having a larger section than the effective surface of said nozzle valve.

4.. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle,-an

inlet valve for the fuel, said nozzle valvepositively coupled to said inlet valve in such a manner, that the inlet valve closes automatically when the nozzle valve opens and vice versa and a regulable brake in combination with said nozzle valve.

5. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct thecombustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said nozzle valve positively coupled to said inlet valve in such a manner, that the inletw'alve closes automatically when the nozzle/valve opens and 'vice versa, means 'for automatically opening the nozzle valve under the action of the pressure of the combustion gases, and a liquid brake with adjusting screw in combination with said nozzle valve.

6. In a combustion turbine comprisin a separate combustion chamber, a rotor agd an outlet nozzle. adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, a double'armed lever coupled at one end to the said nozzle valve, at the other end to the said inlet valve, and means for automatically opening the nozzle valve under the action of the pressure of the combustion gases.

7. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, a double-armed lever coupled at one end to the said nozzle valve, at the other end to the said inlet valve, a cylinder communicating with said combustion chamber and a piston in said cylinder and in combination with the said. nozzle valve and under the action of a spring, said piston having a larger section than the effective surface of said nozzle valve.

8. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, a bearing for the turbine shaft, in the Walls of said bearing passages and means for conducting the combustion air through said passages.

9. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said nozzle valve positively coupled to said inlet valve in such a manner, that the inlet valve closes automati.--- eally when the nozzle valve opens and vice versa a blower for the combustion air di rectly driven from the turbine shaft, a bearing for the turbine shaft, passages in the walls of the body of said bearing and means for sucking the air for the blower through said passages.

10. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate. con'ilmstion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle. adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an Inlet valve under action-of a spring, in the wall of said combustion chamber for admitting the scavenging air, said spring so dimensioned that the non-return valve opens before the said nozzle valve closes and closes essentially simultaneously with the same.

11. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said inlet valve comprising an injection nozzle, a 'heedle displaceable in said nozzle and having a shoulder, adapted to drive the fuel introduced into the nozzle shortly before the mouth of the nozzle is closed through the ring-shaped gap left free by the needle.

12. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber, a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said inlet valve comprising a nozzle having two bores arranged in the same axis, a narrow one and a wide one, the wider bore communicating with the pipe for thecombustion air, the narrow bore with the fuel supply pipe, a nozzle needle displaceable in said bores, said nozzle needle having a piston and a shoulder, said piston being displaceable in the wider bore, said shoulder 1n the narrow bore, and adapted to drive the fuel introduced into the nozzle shortly before the mouth of the nozzle is closed through thering-shaped gap left free by the needle.

13. In a combustion turbine comprising a separate combustion chamber,a rotor and an outlet nozzle, adapted to conduct the combustion gases into the said rotor, a nozzle valve controlling said outlet nozzle, an inlet valve for the fuel, said inlet valve comprising a nozzle having two bores arranged in drive the fuel introduced into the nozzle shortly before the mouth of the nozzle is closed through the ring-shaped gap left free by the needle. I

In testimony that I claim the foregoing 'as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT KUTSCHINSKI.

VVi-tnesses:

WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HAsPER,

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