US1127535A - Impact-machine. - Google Patents

Description

W. L. SMITH.

IMPACT MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 001'. 25, 1910.

Patented Feb. 9, 191 5.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

LW ENTOR. m

W. L. SMITH.

IMPACT MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED omzs, 1910.

1,12%535 Patented Feb. 9, 1915 2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

LYVEYTOR.

I V] T N E SSZZS WILLIAM L. SMITH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPACT-MACHINE.

Specification of Iietters Patent.

Patented m. e, was,

Application filed October 25, 1910. Serial No. 588,961.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM L. ,Smrrn, citizen of the United States of America, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have inventedcertam new and useful Improvements 1n Impact- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in impact machmes of the class in which a reciprocatory element 1s forcibly brought in engagement with a dullsteel, riveting-set or other tool which 1s l mgitudinally-movably held in the forward end of the housing in which the said element has its movement.

One object of the invention resides in the provision of a hammer of spherical or partly spherical form which during its reciprocating movement within acylmdrrcal guiding wall will engage therewlth only along a circumferential line, whereby friction 13 reduced to a minimum, and which will engage the end of a tool supported in axial almement with the said guiding member, at but one point in which the entire force of 1ts impact is concentrated.

Another object of the invention, of equal importance, resides in the provision of an operating mechanism in which slmpllclty of construction is combined with practicability in use, by which the impact of the hammer upon the tool is rendered effective to a high degree without the employment of an air-compressor, steam-generator or other source of motive fluid, which performs its function with the minimum of friction, and in which the reactive forces of the reciproeating element are absorbed to destroy the1r detrimental efi'ect upon the supporting and operating parts of the machine.

An embodiment of my invention in its simplest form, is illustrated the accompanying drawings, in the various v ews of which like parts are s milarly designated and in which Figures 1 and 2 represent longitudinal sections of my improved machine with the hammer in its extreme positions, F 1g. 3, a longitudinal section taken along the line 3-3 Figs. 1 and 2, with the hammer in an intermediate position and showing a modified construction of the cylinder, and Figs. 4 and 5, fragmentary views ofthe plston rod comprised in the construction, showing mgldified forms of the hammer at its outer en Referring to the drawings by numerical reference characters, 2 designates a housing which in the form shown, consists of a circular crank-case 3 and a cylindrical trunk 4 whose axes extend at right angles to each other. The case 3 is provided with an axial bearing 5 for the support of a rotatory shaft 6 which at its inner extremity, carries a crank 7. The latter is composed of a crank arm 7 and a thereto diametrically opposed counterpoise 7 which serves to render its movement equable, and a ball-bearing 8 applied within the bearing 5, aids in reducing the friction between the moving and stationary parts.

An air-cylinder 9 is pivotally secured at the end of the crank arm 7 by means of a wrist 9 which is preferably formed integral with the circumferential wall of the cylinder, at right angles to its longitudinal axis. The wrist 9 is held against longitudinal displacement by a cap 10 which, being screwed into a threaded bore in its outer end, engages the inner surface of the crank-arm, and the cylinder 9 is provided with a stuffing box 9 and a gland 12 which is elongated for the better support and guidance of the rod 13 -of a piston 13 which is movably fitted within the cylinder in fluid tight engagement with the interior surface thereof. The rod 13 which constitutes the pitman by means of which the rotatory movement of-" the crank .7 is converted into a reciprocating movement of the impact-element, is formed at its opposite end, with a spherical head 14 which is slidably fitted in the cylindrical trunk 4 of the housing, to impingeupon the end of a tool disposed in axial a'linement therewith. The tool, which in the drawings is indicated by the numeral 15, has an angular shank 15 which is longitudinally movably disposed in a correspondingly formed opening in a chuck 16, which is rotatably mounted upon the circumferential surface of the trunk 4 and which is provided with a handle 17 bymeans of which it may be moved to impart a partial rotation to the tool, while the machine is in operation.

A combined thrust-washer and bearing composed of fiber or other suitable material to supply the air to the drill hole or to the is interposed between the end of the member 4 of the casing and the inner surface of the chuck and the latter is provided with a hand-valve 19 which, when in its normal position, partly closes an opening 20, provided to establish communication between the interior of the trunk and the atmosphere.

A nipple 21, the passage through which is controlled by a check-valve 21 isscrewed into an opening in the forward end of the chuck, which communicates with its interior, and it is adapted for the attachment of a flexible conduit 22 by means of which the air displaced in front of the hammer 14 may be conveyed into the drill-hole to dislodge and remove the cuttings contained therein.

It will be understood that in case a hollow drill-steel is employed, the conduit 22 may be dispensed with, and that the valve 19 is'closed only when it is required conduit 22 at more than ordinary pressure.

In the operation of my improved machine, the shaft is connected by any suitable means, withan electro-motor or other device for producing or transmitting mechanical energy and its rotatory movement is, by means of the crank 7, converted into a combined circular and oscillatory motion of the cylinder 9, which for reasons hereinafter to be explained, is provided at a point approximately midway between its ends, with an air-hole 9.. When the hammer 14 is in its rearmost position, as is illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and the shaft 6 rotates in the direction of the arrow in Fig; 3, the piston is at the end of its rearward stroke and the air in the rear end of the cylinder is in consequence, compressed to the maximum. During the subsequent circular movement of the cylinder toward the forward dead center of the crank, this body of compressed air, will by its expansive action, accelerate the piston with the result that it travels forward at a rate of speed exceeding that of the crank-shaft and that when the parts approach the position shown in Fig.2of the drawings, the hammer 14 is, in consequence, brought forcibly in contact with the end of the drill-shank projecting into the trunk 4. When'the crank is near the forward cycle change, the space in the cylinder back of the piston is in communication with the exhaust opening, while the body of air in the forward part of the cylinder is under compression and serves together with the recoil of impact, to start the piston on its rearward movement, thereby assisting the crank in its motion after the exhaust opening is closed by the piston. The alternate compression of the bodies of air at opposite sides of the piston serves in addition to the functions hereinabove explained, to provide the numeral 2.

cushions which by absorption of the reactive forces, relieve the parts of the machine from detrimental shocks.

' By the provision of the air-hole 9, un-

equal distribution of the air at opposite sides of the piston, by leakage or other causes, will be averted, and the latter will at all times be properly balanced, i. c. it will be returned to its proper position at the end direction of its movement, is compressed while, when. the piston has passed the center of the cylinder, it will admit air at the opposite side thereof.

It will be observed that during the rapid rotatory motion of the crank, the centrifugal force of the cylinder 9 at-its extreme end, becomes an important factor in rendering the impact of the hammer upon the tool forceful and effective, and that the spherical shape of the hammer, besides reducing its frictional contact with the guiding surface to the minimum, will serve to concentrate the forces which produce its impact, in the single point atwhich it comes in contact with the extremity of the tool.

The hammer 26, as shown in Fig. 4, is pear-shaped in form, its partly spherical portion 26 being designed to contact with the guiding surface of the housing along a circumferental 'line, while its point 26 may be spherical-to tangentially engage the tool. In the form illustrated in Fig. 5, the hammer 27 is cylindrical to move between parallel guiding surfaces, and the projection 27 at its forward end, is made spherical to engage the tool as hereinbefore described.

It will be observed that in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the hammer together with the piston and the piston rod, are free to rotate about their common axis, thus equalizing the wear of the guiding surface in the trunk 4, the gland 12, the stufling box, the interior surface of the cylinder and the therewith engaging parts of the piston.

The machine in its simplest form, as shown in the drawings, is designed to be held in the hand of the operator, it being to this end, provided as usual,'with a handle the shank of which has been designated by It is obvious, however. that by immaterial changes in the con struction of the device as shown, it may be used in connection with a column or other support, that it may be applied to Liz-536st any of the mechanical feeding devices at present in common use, and that the rotatory motion of the tool, whichin the form shown, is effected by manipulation of the handle 17, may be automatically accomplished by mechanical means, which, not forming part of the present invention, have not been shown in the drawings.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is 1. In an impact machine, a casing having a fixed cylindrical guiding surface, a spherical impact-element slidably fitted therein, and means for imparting a combined reciprocating and oscillatory movement to said element, said element bein adapted to engage a tool held in the path 0 its reciprocating movement.

2. In an impact machine, a casing having a fixed cylindrical guiding surface, a rotary crank, a cylinder pivotally connected with the latter, a piston movably fitted in the cylinder, and a spherical impact element rigidly connected with said piston, slidably fitted in said guiding surface and adapted to engage a tool held in the path of its movement with the said piston.

3. In an impact machine, a casing having a fixed rectilinear guiding surface, a rotary crank, a cylinder pivotally connected therewith, a piston movably fitted in said cylinder, and an impact element of firm material in rigid connection with said piston and in linear contact with said surface,

so as to be capable of oscillation while being impelled along said surface by movement of said crank.

4. In an impact machine, a casing having a fixed rectilinear guiding surface, an impact element of firm material in linear contact with said surface and capable of oscillation while moving along the same, and

means for imparting to said element a combined reciprocating and oscillating movement.-

5. In combination, an' oscillating cylinder having a movement in a circular path, apiston slidably fitted in said cylinder, an impact element in rigid connection with said piston, and rigid means for guiding said element for rectilinear reciprocation, the said element being adapted to oscillate while moving along said guiding means.

6. In an impact machine, a casing having a fixed rectilinear guiding surface, and a spherical impact element movable along said surface to engage a tool held in its path, and means for imparting a combined reciprocating and oscillatory movement to said element.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES T. ARKINS, R. F.. DENNIS.

Images