US11152171B2 - Direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer and breaking method thereof - Google Patents

Direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer and breaking method thereof Download PDF

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US11152171B2
US11152171B2 US16/712,720 US201916712720A US11152171B2 US 11152171 B2 US11152171 B2 US 11152171B2 US 201916712720 A US201916712720 A US 201916712720A US 11152171 B2 US11152171 B2 US 11152171B2
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branch
direct current
current
blowout
transfer
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US20200343062A1 (en
Inventor
Yi Wu
Yifei Wu
Fei Yang
Mingzhe RONG
Chunping NIU
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Assigned to XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY reassignment XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NIU, CHUNPING, RONG, MINGZHE, WU, YI, WU, YIFEI, YANG, FEI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6641—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings making use of a separate coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H2085/386—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc with magnetic or electrodynamic arc-blowing

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of direct current breakers, and more particularly relates to a direct current breaker which regulates and controls an arc by using a magnetic blowout circuit to realize or assist in current transfer, and a breaking method thereof.
  • direct current power grid technology Due to the unique superiority of direct current power supply systems, a direct current power grid technology has a broad application prospect in the field of power transmission and distribution, and is an important direction for the development of power technologies in China in the future.
  • the direct current power supply systems are used in many important industries such as urban trolleybus, subway, smelting, chemical engineering, solar power generation, rolling, marine electric & electronic engineering and mining.
  • a direct current breaking technology is a guarantee for the safe operation of power systems.
  • a direct current breaker has a protection function of cutting off fault current of a loop and is the most important protection element in the direct current system.
  • the present disclosure aims to provide a direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer and a breaking method thereof.
  • An applied magnetic field is generated by a magnetic blowout circuit to substantially raise a vacuum arc voltage.
  • the current transfer effect is enhanced under the condition that the arc extinguish performance of an insulating medium is constant.
  • a direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer including:
  • a first connection terminal configured as an inlet wire of the direct current breaker
  • a second connection terminal configured as an outlet wire of the direct current breaker
  • a main current branch connected between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal, wherein during current conduction of the direct current breaker, the current flows through the main current branch;
  • blowout unit arranged between the main current branch and the transfer branch, wherein the blowout unit includes a blowout circuit and a blowout coil; during current breaking of the direct current breaker, the blowout circuit excites the blowout coil to generate magnetic blowout so as to raise an arc voltage; and the current is transferred from the main current branch to the transfer branch based on the arc voltage.
  • the blowout coil includes a transverse-magnetic blowout coil and/or a longitudinal-magnetic blowout coil.
  • the blowout circuit is an independent external circuit.
  • the transfer branch is turned off, and the current is transferred into the energy dissipation branch to achieve direct current breaking.
  • the main current branch includes a vacuum break, an air insulation break, a high-voltage gas insulation break, a power electronic element and a combination thereof.
  • the transfer branch includes a power electronic element, a capacitor, a reactor and a series-connected and parallel-connected combination thereof.
  • the power electronic element includes a thyristor, a diode, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator), an IGCT (Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor) and a combination thereof.
  • the transfer branch includes a capacitor and a magnetic coupling current transfer module which are connected in series, and the magnetic coupling current transfer module includes a plurality of magnetic induction units connected in parallel.
  • the blowout unit includes a blowout circuit, a capacitor and a thyristor which are connected in series.
  • the direct current breaker is a one-way direct current breaker or a two-way direct current breaker.
  • the transfer branch includes a first branch, a second branch connected in parallel with the first branch, and a third branch connected with the first branch and the second branch.
  • the first branch includes a first diode and a second diode.
  • the second branch includes a third diode and a fourth diode.
  • the third branch includes a capacitor and an inductor.
  • the positive pole of the first diode is connected in series with the positive pole of the second diode.
  • the negative pole of the third diode is connected in series with the negative pole of the fourth diode.
  • the positive pole of the third diode is connected with the negative pole of the first diode.
  • the positive pole of the fourth diode is connected with the negative pole of the second diode.
  • One end of the capacitor is connected between the positive pole of the first diode and the positive pole of the second diode, and the other end of the capacitor is connected in series with the inductor.
  • the other end of the inductor is connected between the negative pole of the third diode and the negative pole of the fourth diode.
  • the third branch is replaced by a plurality of IGBTs and/or IGCTs connected in series.
  • a breaking method of the direct current breaker includes the following steps:
  • Step I during current conduction of the direct current breaker, enabling the current to pass through the main current branch;
  • Step II during current breaking of the direct current breaker, exciting, by the blowout circuit, the blowout coil to generate magnetic blowout so as to raise an arc voltage, and transferring the current from the main current branch to the transfer branch based on the arc voltage;
  • Step III after the current is completely transferred from the main current branch to the transfer branch, turning off the transfer branch, and transferring the current into the energy dissipation branch to achieve direct current breaking.
  • the present disclosure greatly raises the arc voltage and changes the current situation that the natural current transfer is hardly realized due to the low vacuum arc voltage.
  • the present disclosure is easy to realize, includes a small number of parts, does not affect the structure of an original vacuum mechanical switch and is high in reliability.
  • the blowout magnetic field may be freely adjusted according to a requirement and is an effective way to realize the current transfer.
  • the present disclosure is high in reliability, has an extremely high engineering application value, greatly raises the arc voltage and accelerates the current transfer process, has application value in all the fields of a rapid alternating current breaker, a current limiter and the like, and even may directly break the current in the low-voltage direct current field.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein in the present embodiment, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator) series-connected assembly constitutes a transfer branch;
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein in the present embodiment, a capacitor and an inductor constitute a transfer branch;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein in the present embodiment, a vacuum switch and an SF 6 switch jointly constitute a main current branch;
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a two-way direct current breaker according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a two-way direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a two-way direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker which assists in current transfer by using magnetic blowout according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein a blowout circuit is independent from a main topology;
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein a blowout circuit is dependent on a main topology.
  • B 1 main current branch
  • B 2 transfer branch
  • B 3 energy dissipation branch
  • M blowout unit
  • M 1 blowout circuit
  • M 2 blowout coil
  • S 1 first connection terminal
  • S 2 second connection terminal
  • MICCM magnetic coupling current transfer module
  • FIGS. 1 to 10 The specific implementations of the present disclosure are described below in combination with FIGS. 1 to 10 .
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a breaker body.
  • a direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer includes:
  • a first connection terminal S 1 configured as an inlet wire of the direct current breaker
  • a second connection terminal S 2 configured as an outlet wire of the direct current breaker
  • a main current branch B 1 connected between the first connection terminal S 1 and the second connection terminal S 2 , wherein during current conduction of the direct current breaker, the current flows through the main current branch B 1 ;
  • a transfer branch B 2 connected between the first connection terminal S 1 and the second connection terminal S 2 and connected in parallel with the main current branch B 1 ;
  • an energy dissipation branch B 3 connected between the first connection terminal S 1 and the second connection terminal S 2 and connected in parallel with the main current branch B 1 and the transfer branch B 2 ;
  • blowout unit M arranged between the main current branch B 1 and the transfer branch B 2 , wherein the blowout unit M includes a blowout circuit M 1 and a blowout coil M 2 ; during current breaking of the direct current breaker, the blowout circuit M 1 excites the blowout coil M 2 to generate magnetic blowout so as to raise an arc voltage; and the current is transferred from the main current branch B 1 to the transfer branch B 2 based on the arc voltage.
  • the main current branch, the transfer branch and the energy dissipation branch of the present disclosure are connected in parallel.
  • the current transfer may be performed in the three parallel-connected branches.
  • the blowout circuit excites the blowout coil to generate the magnetic blowout, and the current transfer is realized or assisted under the action of the magnetic blowout.
  • the two connection terminals serve as the inlet wire and the outlet wire of the direct current breaker to realize a function of connecting the breaker with an external line.
  • the special blowout unit generates the external magnetic blowout to realize or assist in the current transfer process.
  • the blowout coil M 2 includes a transverse-magnetic blowout coil and/or a longitudinal-magnetic blowout coil.
  • the blowout circuit M 1 is an independent external circuit.
  • the transfer branch B 2 is turned off, and the current is transferred into the energy dissipation branch B 3 to achieve direct current breaking.
  • the main current branch B 1 includes a vacuum break, an air insulation break, a high-voltage gas insulation break, a power electronic element and a combination thereof.
  • the transfer branch B 2 includes a power electronic element, a capacitor, a reactor and a series-connected and parallel-connected combination thereof.
  • the power electronic element includes a thyristor, a diode, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator), an IGCT (Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor) and a combination thereof.
  • the transfer branch B 2 includes a capacitor and a magnetic coupling current transfer module which are connected in series, and the magnetic coupling current transfer module includes a plurality of magnetic induction units connected in parallel.
  • the blowout unit M includes a blowout circuit M 1 , a capacitor and a thyristor which are connected in series.
  • the direct current breaker is a one-way direct current breaker or a two-way direct current breaker.
  • the transfer branch B 2 includes a first branch, a second branch connected in parallel with the first branch, and a third branch connected with the first branch and the second branch.
  • the first branch includes a first diode and a second diode.
  • the second branch includes a third diode and a fourth diode.
  • the third branch includes a capacitor and an inductor.
  • the positive pole of the first diode is connected in series with the positive pole of the second diode.
  • the negative pole of the third diode is connected in series with the negative pole of the fourth diode.
  • the positive pole of the third diode is connected with the negative pole of the first diode.
  • the positive pole of the fourth diode is connected with the negative pole of the second diode.
  • One end of the capacitor is connected between the positive pole of the first diode and the positive pole of the second diode, and the other end of the capacitor is connected in series with the inductor.
  • the other end of the inductor is connected between the negative pole of the third diode and the negative pole of the fourth diode.
  • the third branch is replaced by a plurality of IGBTs and/or IGCTs connected in series.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, including a main current branch B 1 , a transfer branch B 2 , an energy dissipation branch B 3 , a blowout unit M, a first connection terminal S 1 and a second connection terminal S 2 .
  • the blowout unit includes a blowout circuit M 1 and a blowout coil M 2 .
  • the two connection terminals S 1 and S 2 serve as an inlet wire and an outlet wire of the direct current breaker to realize a function of connecting the breaker with an external line.
  • the three branches B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are connected in parallel.
  • the main current branch B 1 bears the whole rated current, and when the breaker performs current breaking, the current is transferred stage by stage and is finally broken. Since the main current branch B 1 is composed of a single vacuum mechanical switch, the vacuum arc voltage is often extremely low, and the arc voltage transferring mode is low in speed and low in reliability, so that it is difficult to meet the requirements for timeliness and reliability of the direct current breaking.
  • the external blowout unit M is added in the traditional direct current breaker solution, so that during the current breaking, the blowout circuit M 1 is used to excite the blowout coil M 2 to generate the magnetic blowout, and the arc voltage is raised under the action of the magnetic blowout, which makes it possible to directly transfer the current by the arc voltage, thereby realizing the current transfer from the branch B 1 to the branch B 2 and greatly improving the speed and reliability of the current transfer.
  • constituting elements of the transfer branch include, but not limited to, a power electronic element thyristor, a diode, an IGBT, an IGCT and a series-connected and parallel-connected combination thereof, a capacitor, a reactor and a series-connected and parallel-connected combination thereof.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an IGBT series-connected assembly constitutes a transfer branch.
  • a breaking process is as follows: firstly, a vacuum mechanical switch of a main current branch B 1 is turned on and strikes an arc, and also triggers the IGBT assembly of the transfer branch B 2 to be conducted; at the moment, a blowout circuit M 1 excites a blowout coil M 2 to generate an external magnetic blowout; then, current is rapidly transferred from the main current branch to the transfer branch under the action of the magnetic blowout; after the current is completely transferred, the vacuum switch quenches the arc; and finally, the current is transferred into an energy dissipation branch B 3 by turning off the IGBT assembly, and an arrester dissipates system energy to finally achieve the direct current breaking.
  • the IGBT series-connected assembly also may be equivalently replaced by an IGCT series-connected assembly.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a capacitor and an inductor constitute a transfer branch.
  • the main current branch B 1 of the present disclosure may be composed of a single vacuum mechanical switch, and also may be composed of an air insulation switch, a high-voltage gas insulation switch and a power electronic element which are connected in series and in parallel on the basis of the vacuum switch.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a circuit schematic diagram of a topological structure of a direct current breaker according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the main current branch B 1 is jointly composed of a vacuum mechanical switch and an SF 6 switch. Functionally, the current is still transferred from the main current branch B 1 to the transfer branch B 2 by depending on the action of the magnetic blowout of the blowout unit M.
  • the direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer according to the present disclosure may not only be applied to the above one-way direct current breaker, but also be applied to a two-way direct current breaker.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate three possibly implemented two-way direct current breaker solutions based on the present disclosure.
  • the current transfer may be realized by completely depending on the magnetic blowout generated by the blowout unit of the present disclosure, and the magnetic blowout of the present disclosure also may serve as an assisting measure for the current transfer.
  • the current transfer process is accelerated and enhanced through the magnetic blowout generated by the blowout unit.
  • FIG. 8 is a topological structure of a direct current breaker which assists in current transfer by using magnetic blowout according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure is implemented on the basis of an original magnetic coupling current transfer module MICCM so as to achieve the aim of enhancing the current transfer effect.
  • the blowout circuit M 1 may be an independent external circuit, and also may be a contact-related internal circuit.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 respectively illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure: an independent capacitance power supply mode and a dependent power supply mode connected in series with a contact.
  • the present disclosure solves the problems of slow current transfer and non-reliable transfer by raising the arc voltage, has the advantages of simplicity, easy and convenient adjustment and no influence on an original contact structure and the insulation characteristic of the contact, and has extremely high engineering application value.
  • the direct current breaker bears system current during normal working, and the main current branch includes a vacuum break.
  • the main current branch also may include, but not limited to, an air insulation break, a high-voltage gas insulation break, a power electronic element and a combination thereof.
  • constituting elements of the transfer branch include, but not limited to, a power electronic element, a capacitor, a reactor and a series-connected and parallel-connected combination thereof.
  • the power electronic element includes, but not limited to, a thyristor, a diode, an IGBT, an IGCT and a combination thereof, and also may include a series-connected and parallel-connected combination of a single type or various types of power electronic elements.
  • the blowout coil may be a transverse-magnetic blowout coil, and also may be a longitudinal-magnetic blowout coil. Furthermore, a plurality of or various coils may simultaneously perform blowout.
  • the blowout circuit may be an independent external circuit, and also may be a contact-related internal circuit.
  • the energy dissipation branch includes, but not limited to, an arrester assembly.
  • the current transfer may be realized or assisted by the magnetic blowout. Specifically, the current transfer may be realized by completely depending on the magnetic blowout generated by the blowout unit, and the current transfer process also may be accelerated and enhanced through the magnetic blowout generated by the blowout unit.
  • the direct current breaker may be a one-way direct current breaker, and also may be a two-way direct current breaker.
  • a breaking method of the direct current breaker includes the following steps:
  • Step I during current conduction of the direct current breaker, the current passes through the main current branch B 1 ;
  • Step II during current breaking of the direct current breaker, the blowout circuit M excites the blowout coil M 2 to generate magnetic blowout so as to raise an arc voltage, and the current is transferred from the main current branch B 1 to the transfer branch B 2 based on the arc voltage;
  • Step III after the current is completely transferred from the main current branch B 1 to the transfer branch B 2 , the transfer branch B 2 is turned off, and the current is transferred into the energy dissipation branch B 3 to achieve direct current breaking.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US16/712,720 2019-04-23 2019-12-12 Direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer and breaking method thereof Active US11152171B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2019103222571 2019-04-23
CN201910322257.1 2019-04-23
CN201910322257.1A CN109935479A (zh) 2019-04-23 2019-04-23 基于真空磁吹转移的直流断路器及其开断方法

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US11152171B2 true US11152171B2 (en) 2021-10-19

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