US1113484A - Headlight-engine and governing mechanism therefor. - Google Patents

Description

G. S. RANSTEAD.

HEADLIGHT ENGINE AND GOVBRNING MBGHANISM THEREFOR.

APYLIOATION FILED PEB. 23, 1912.

Patented Oct. 13, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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w THE NORRIS PETERS C0.. PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGIUM D. c

G. S. RANSTEAD.

HEAIQLIGHT ENGINE AND GOVBRNING MBGHANISM THEREFOR. APPLICATION FILED H1123, 1912.

11 1 3,484. Patented 001. 13, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Jl Harney THE NORRIS PETERS CO., PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON. D. C.

G. S. RANSTEAD;

HBADLIGHT ENGINE AND GOVERNING MEGHANISM THBREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB, 2a, 1912.'

1,1 13,484. Patented 001. 13, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

llt forney THE NDRRIS PETERS CO1, PHOTO-LITHDA. WASHINGTON, D4

GUY SYDNEY RANSTED, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

HEADLIGHT-ENGINE AND GOlf-ERTING MECHANISM THEREFOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. i

Patented 0ct. 13, 1914.

Application led February 23, 1912. Serial No. 679,235.

ToaZZ lwhoa-i, t may concern lle it linoivn that l, GUY SYDNEY RAN- srmo, a citizen of the United States, resid.- ing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and` vState of illinois, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Headlight-Fngines and Governing Mechanism Therefor, of which the follovvinof is a speciiication.

liiy invention relates more particularly to improvements in headlight engines of the turbine type together with a novel governi; mechanism,- the features of Which Will hereinafter be particularly pointed out, and the objects of my improvements are, first, to construct an engine of the turbine type in which the steam or fluid will be utilized toa greater and more economical advantage than present engines of the turbine type; second, to provide a governing mechanism which will eifectually and economically control tne amount of steam or fluid through the engine; third, to providea means for substantially preventing the steam from escaping from vithin the casing through the borev of the shaft bearings of the turbine; fourth, to provide means for substantially taking up the longitudinal Wear of the engine shaft Without affecting the adjustment of the governing mechanism; fifth, to provide means for preventing the kadyustment of the governing mechanism from being affected by the longitudinal movement of the engine shaft; sixth, to provide means by which the Wear caused by the gyratory motion of the engine shaft can be readily and substantially taken up.

, ther objects of my improvements Will present themselves in the drawings and be more particularly described in the following specication.

i" attain these objects by the mechanism strated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l, Sheet l, is a longitudinal elevation my invention, partly in. section, disclosing in part, my improvements embodied therein. Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a section taken en line fir-ft of Fig. l on a smaller scale. l" Sheet .is a section taken on line -B of Figs. l and 2, disclosing in particular, the buckets or vanes yon the rotor of the engine and the steam redirecting chambers or pockets in the engine casing, and, the inlet ports. Fig. 4, Sheet 3, is

side view of the OY(Wer-nine mechanism as mounted on the engine shaft; thel casing therefor being partly in section to disclose more in detail the governing mechamsm. Fig. 5, Sheet 3, is an end view of Fig. Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a section taken on line i-X of F ig. l, with the engine shaft removed. Fig. 7, Sheet 3, is an end view in detail of the oscillating governor cam. Fig. S, SheetB, is a side view ofFig. 7. Fig. 9, Sheet 3, is a section taken on liney Y-Y of Fig. l, Sheet l, (on a different scale and With the engine shaft and sleeve removed) showing more in detail, the construction of the valve lever operating cam.

Fig. 10, Sheet 3, is a modification of part of the governing mechanism shown in Figs. 8 and 9, and to be known respectively as the oscillating governor cam and the valve lever operating cam; said modification, and other parts (to be described later), are shown partly in section andk partly in full. y

' Similar letters refer :to similar parts throughout the several views.

In the vieivs l, 2 Vand 3, (A) represents the turbine, (B) represents the generator, and (C) represents the base to Which both the turbine (il) and the generator (B) are secured, `making substantially a self-contained unit. This arrangement maintains practically, rigidity and alinement. lt will also be particularly noted that the points of bearing, or the bearings, are spaced substantially equidistant, so that any gyratory motion of the revolving shaft (D) is brought down to the minimum. It Will be further noted that the shaft (D) is supported in self-contained roller, or ball bearings (E) secured in the journals (A1), (B1) and (B2) of the turbine and generator respectively. The journals are constructed to contain oil for lubrication of the bearings; there being means provided for filling in the oil.

rl`he generator (the conductors and commutator, etc., not shown) is of the ordinary electric generator f or dynamo type, with the exception of the bearings and ournal bones, there being in the central bearing, means for taking up the Wear caused by the gyratory motion of the shaft ln said bearing is a take-up nut (F) for drawing the split cone sleeve (Gr) into the compound internal cone roller, or ball container (G1). Drawing said sleeve into said container (G1) causes said sleeve (G) to clamp se curely on the shaft- (D). fit the opposite end from the take-up nut (lf) on said cone sleeve (G), is a flanged adjusting nut (G2) and a lock nut Jfiftor the proper adjustment of the nuts and (G3), and the sleeve has been adjusted to its proper location and secured, it Will be seen, by referring to F ig. 1, that by any further tightening up of the nut (F), forces the right hand half (GA) of the container (G1) into the left hand (G5) of the container (G1), and as (G5) is backed by the nut (G2), substantially forces same in the opposite direction to jv4), thereby filling in the space that was originally occupied by the balls and ball races of said central ball bearing (E) before the reduction of the balls and the enlargement of the ball races took place, caused by the gyratory motion of the shaft (D) The annular ring, or ball race, (G6) is slidably mounted in the journal (B2), but secured from 'turning with the shaft and ball bearings by a shouldered scren7 or screvvs (GT). rlhe end (GS) of the screvvY (G7) projects in the slot or groove (G9) of said ring (GG) which permits of the bearing 1') being carried along with the longitudinal movement of the shaft D), if such movement occurs. On the extremities of the shaft (D) is provided nuts` (H) for taking up the longitudinal Wear.

The journals (A1), (B1) and (B2) are provided With screiv caps (l) g making them dust proof. Between the caps and the bearings (E) are liner rings (J) which can, from time to time, be increased to make up for longitudinal Wear. This arrangement also permits of adjusting the rotor (l) of the turbine engine (ik) to its proper position. In one of the screw caps (l), is provided a screw hole (L) in 'which a screvv (M) is inserted. On removal of this screiv (M) a speedometer can be inserted in place thereof and pressed against the shaft- (D). The shaft (D) is shouldered at several places, as at (N), for the proper alinement of the rotor (K) and the armature of the generator (-B) the armature not being shoivn. The rotor (K), as Will be seen, is keyed to the. shaft, preferably by a )Voodruff key (lil), and secured from longitudinal movement, against the shoulder (lil), by the screw collar (O). intermediate (A) and (B), and upon the shaft (D), is disposed and secured the governing mechanism, including the balance valve (V).

The governing mechanism, together With the balance valve (V) are composed of the parts as follo-vvs:-The casing (P) is keyed to a sleeve, by a key (P1), but held from longitudinal movement, by a shouldered screw through the easing hub it) and in the sleeve (P2), vvhich is feathered on the shaft (D) by the feather key (D1) secured in said shaft (D). The sleeve (P2) has a flange (P3) which is rotatably secured against the engine casing (A) and held from longitudinal movement with the shaft (D), by the flanged ring (P4) which is secured to said casing by screws (l'), are pivotally secured, Weight arms (S), to which are adjustably secured weights (T). To the free end of the Weight arms (S), is pivotally secured a link (U) connecting said Weight arms to pivot `pins (ill), pivotally secured `in the oscillating governor cam (X), which is mounted on said sleeve (P2). Through one end of the pins (lll is passed a tension screiv (Y), one end bi 'ng secured to balance or governor springs .g. On the free end of said screws (Y) are lock nuts (11) for adjusting the tension of the balance springs Together with the balance springs, and means for :uljustinfT same, and the adjustable Weight I' will be seen that a very delicate, but substantial and practical adjustment. can oe maintained for any desired speed, this feature being one of the main objects of the invention. On the open sido of the casing (P) is a cover (12) secured, to prevent dust and foreign substances from entering into same and clogging up the joints, etc. lt ivill be particularly noted in Figs. 1, el, (l, 7, S and 9, that the oscillating governor sleeve has on one end, cam surfaces (ral) Which mesh into corresponding cam surfaces (X3) in the valve lever operating cam sleeve X2), so that When any slight movement of the governor Weights occur, due to tl e high excessive speed of the turbine throwing the governor Weights (T), outwardly of the shaft, causes the cam (X) to oscillate and force the lever operating cam (X2) longitudinally of the shaft (D). Said cam (X2 is slidably mounted on the sleve (P2), and is prevented from rotating about the sleeve (P2) by feather keys (13) and (le secured in said sleeve (P2). in Figs. 9 and 10 particularly, it will be seen that is made up of tivo parts, (as) and (Xt) to accommodate the construction of the valve lever (15) at (l5), The .lever is nivotally hung on a pin (17) mounted in adjustable bearings (17A), adjustably secured by adjust-ing screws (17B) in the bracket which is fastened to the turbine at 19). At the end (20) of the lever (15) said end is forked to st-raddle the valve stem (21).

The forked members (15A) and (15B) of the lever (15) are enlarged, as at (18) and to allow for free movement of said lever to and from its normal position. Valve stem (2l) is provided With tivo pairs of adjusting lock nuts (23), which permit of adjusting the valve disks (V1) to their proper relation with the said governing cams and valve seats. Also, on either side of the enlarged ends (16) of the lever (15) are fiber rings or Washers (24) which can ln the casing be replaced or renewed from time toi time, as wear requires. The" parts and (X4) areflanged, as at (X5), to prevent foil from being thrown, 'from the recess formed by said flange, by the ceiit'rilfugal force due to the high speed of the engine. ln Fig. 10, will be seen a modification of the oscillating governor cam (fi), and the valve lever op-r erating cam (X2), in which ,screw threads of the proper pitch are employedy instead of the cam surfaces (X1) and )lilith this arrangement, the necessity of having an auxiliaryspringA `to keep thev valve lever operator (X2) in its proper relation with the oscillating governor is done away with.V It beingquite evident, however, that in order to keep saidfcam surfaces in contact withv ea ch other, said'spring must necessarily beemployedg but in the modification,it will be seen that the adjacent or `cooperating ends of the oscillating governor '(X) and said leveroperator (X2) have re-` spectively, cooperating screw threads (X6) and (X7), which, when. any oscillating movement of l occurs, (X2) will ybe moved. longitudinally of the shaft fIn vorder to prevent (X) from longitudinal movement on the sleeve (P2), a set collar (26) is employed. rThis collar (26) or a Asimilar one, is also used as a backingi'or the auxiliary spring (Q5) when said cam arrrng'ement is employed.

The valve (V) as before stated is kof the balanced type, and has the usual packing gland and nut 'for making steam-tight the bore through which the valve stem (21) passes. Said valve r(V) has a steam inlet aipe screwed in the opening (2,8) of the valve body. ln said pipe (27) an ordinary valve is inserted for controlling the supply olf steam to the turbine. The valve (V) is screwed on a block (29) at (30); said block extends inwardly of the casing and secured thereto bolts (29B) through the flange (29A). The block "has a bore (31) communicating with the chamber (V2) of the valve (V). This bore (3l) communicates also with two angular bores and (33), in the block (29), which lead angularly in the direction of rotation of the rotor (K). These bores and are contracted intermediate their extremities, as at This construction has the same effect upon the liow of steam, as does the Venturi meter upon the ilow of water. `The bores rand lead to and direct the steam into the vanes or buckets of the rotor (K). But the velocity of the steam is always'greater than t iat of the buckets (35), and so continues on beyond said buckets into backwardly inclined curved openings and is directed 'further vwith substantially the same velocity and force as the initial steam against oncoming buckets, forward or backward of the inlet ports'(32) and (83). With this arrangement it is quite evident that the force of the steam is utilized to a greater land more economical advantage'thanpresent engines of this type olifturbine.

The casing of the turbine (A) is made in two halves, (A2) and (r`il3),'iiorming an inclosm-e for the rotor (K), and as well, an expansion chamber (A4) for lthefexhaust steam. The two halves `have each an expansion chamber (Afp through which the sl'ial't `(D)'passe's. The bores (AG) of the casing` i/712),and (A3) have a smooth workingflit for said shaft (D). But,it\has been heretofore, quite a difficult matter to "pre-y vent the steam escaping where the moving parts pass through the casingy of the turbine,l especially around the shalt; even' water pockets, and packing joints of `dilierent kinds have been tried without avail; `'so in order vto overcome this dilliculty, T construct the auxiliary expansion chambers (A5) as shown -inlfigs l and 2, and, also provide packing ,rings (D2) as ordinarily used on vpistons,as a further precaution for prevent-` ing steam from escaping around the shaft (D) through the bores (AG). The steam after it vhas lett the buckets expands into the'fcliamber (A4) and thence passes outfthrough the exhaust port (A7)v into an exhaust pipe, (not shown). )Vlien the steam has "entered into the chamber (A5) itloses practically most. all of its expansion force; but nevertheless there is substantially enough force left to lpossibly cause same, due-,toits pressure, to force its way frointhe chamber (A4),other thany through the exhaust por (1917); and so, .vhatjlittlesteam maypass from the chambery o through the borey (AG) around the shaft (D) into the auxiliary chambers (A5), further expands* sub? stantially to' its practical limit, soth'at no force is left therein, `except to pass from the casing through an-auxiliary port (AS), (the path or leastresistance), which commi'ini# cates with each of said chambers (A5) and the exhaust pipe, (not shown). The two halves of the 'turbine (A) are secured'to each otherfbybolts.

Referring to `Fig. l, it will be seen that the valve (V) is closed; being the position maintained until. the engine hasslowed down to its normal speed .or 4speed required. f

As regards the operation of Lthe above described mechanism, it will be understood that the said,y valve, and valve governing from the pipe (27) into the valve chamber (V3), thence through the valve ports (V4) into the chamber (V2), thence through the ports (32) and (33) onto the blades or buckets (35) of the turbine' rotor (K), causing same to rotate. Vhen the speed of said rotor (K) has attained any speed over a certain limit, the governing mechanism being indirectly a part of the rotor (K), is l'at once acted upon' by the centrifugal force, throwing, as before stated, the weights outwardly of the shaft. Therefore, the weights being operatively connected with the valve operating lever and also to the governor springs, moves said lever which closes the valve to its abnormal position.

It will be seen by referring to the several views and particularly to Fig. l, that my construction is, in comparison with the types of engines for similar purposes, very compact, which is an important item to users as well as to manufacturers of this type of mechanism. Simplicity of construction is another important feature taken into consideration in my improvements as set forth, which is also not overlooked by the users and buyers of these engines.

Having thus described my invention, it will be seen that the minor details of my construction can be altered in many ways without departing from thespirit of my inven-` tion, but i What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. The combination ina turbine engine governing mechanism, of, a sleeve feathered to the engine shaft and rotatably secured against the housing or casing of the turbine engine; a controlling-valve-lever operating mechanism slidably mounted on said sleeve, laterally relative to the movement of governor or balance weights adjustably secured to arms operatively secured toan oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve carried by said feathered sleeve; of governor or balance weight arms pivotally secured to and within a casing mounted on and adjustably secured to said feathered sleeve; a steam controlling valve lever adjustably secured in a bracket secured to theengine casing.

2. rThe combination in a turbine engine governing mechanism in combination with a turbine of, a feathered sleeve mounted on the engine shaft and rotatably held against the housing or casing of the turbine engine; a feathered cam or screw threaded sleeve mounted on said feathered sleeve and operatively connected to a controlling valve oper` ating lever; said cam or screw threaded sleeve slidably operative laterally relative to an oscillatingcam or screw threaded sleeve rotatably mounted on said feathered sleeve; an oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve operatively connected to governor or balance weight arms pivotally secured to and within a casing or housing adjustably secured to said feathered sleeve.

3. In a turbine engine governing mechanism, the combination, of a sleeve feathered upon the engine shaft; said sleeve rotatably secured against the turbine casing or housing from longitudinal movement with the engine shaft; of a governor or balance weight containing case adjustably secured on said sleeve; of governor weight arms pivotally secured to and within said governor case and operatively connected to an oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve; an oscillating cam or 'screw threaded sleeve, mounted on said feathered sleeve, operating laterally a camor screw threaded sleeve longitudinally feathered on said. feathered sleeve; a longitudinally feathered cam or screw threaded sleeve, mounted on said feathered sleeve, operatively connected to a governing or controlling valve lever; a ccntrolling valve operating lever pivotally mounted adjustably in a bracket secured to the engine casing; a balance or controlling valve operatively controlled by said governing mechanism 4f.' ln a turbine governing mechanism, the combination of, a governor or balance weight controlled oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve moving laterally thereof a cam or screw threaded feathered sleeve; an oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve controlled caln or screw threaded sleeve mounted on Aa feathered sleeve mounted on the turbine engine shaft; a feathered sleeve mounted on the engine shaft and rotatably secured from longitudinal movement therewith against the turbine casing; said feathered sleeve carrying said oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve, and said cam or screw threaded feathered sleeve, and a casing or housing having mounted therein the said oscillating cam or screw threaded sleeve operating governor or balance weights.

5. The combination in a headlight steam or fluid turbine engine fluid governing and controlling mechanism of, an automatic steam and speed governing and controlling mechanism, substantially as described, mounted slidably adjustable longitudinally on a fluid turbine shaft, but operatively secured to the turbine casing.

6. The combination in a headlight steam or fluid turbine governor of, an adjustable steam controlling valve controlling lever relatively adjustable to the seat of the steam controlling valve and the position of the steam -controlling valve controlling -lever governing or controlling mechanism, substantially as described; said steam valve operating and controlling means, or valve lever, operatively secured to the governor or governing mechanism carried by a sleeve feathered on a steam turbine shaft but rotatvely held against the turbine casing from longitudinal movement; a feathered sleeve carried by a turbine shaft, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination in a headlight steam or fluid turbine engine governing and ysteam controllingmechanism of, a sleeve, carrying an automatic steam and speed governing and controlling mechanism, of the class described, carried by a steam turbine shaft but operatively secured against the turbine casing; a steam-controlling-valvecontrollingmeans or lever controlled by the before described ycontrolling and governing mechanism.

S. The combination in a headlight steam or fluid turbine engine governing and steam controlling mechanism of, the described governing mechanism mountedon the turbine shaft and operatively secured against the turbine casing;l a feathered sleeve rotatively held against the turbine casing from longitudinal movement, and carried by the turbine shaft; a steam or fluid turbine speed Copies of this patent may be obtained for governing and controlling mechanism carried by said sleeve; a steam controlling valve controller, or adjustable lever, operatively connected With the steam valve and With the described governing mechanism or governor.

9. rlhe combination in aheadlight steam or fluid engine governing and speed controlling mechanism, of the described governor operatively secured alongthe engine shaft and against the turbine casing and connected with a steam-controlling-valve-controllinglever adj ustably secured in a bracket secured to the turbine casing; of means for adjusting said lever for maintaining, substantially, a positive relative position between the steam controlling valve and the steam controlling valve controlling and governing mechanism, substantially as described.

, GUY SYDNEY RANSTEAD.

Witnesses:

W. HARDING, LAWRENCE VVILsoN, J r.

ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. c.

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