US1094133A - Blades for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

J. DIANOVSZKY.

BLADES FOB. TUBBINES. APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1913.

1,094,133, I Patentd Apr. 21, 1914 UNITED s ATEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN DIANOVSZKY; Q01 IZIASSAIC, NEW JERSEY, ISSIGNOB F ONE-HALF TO OSWALD A.

. SCHLEGEL, OI PASSAIQ-ITEW JERSEY.

BLADES FOB TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 21,1914.

Application filed July 12, 1913. Serial 10. 778,627.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that '1, JOHN DIANOVSZKY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Passaic, Passaic county, New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Blades for Turbines, of which the following is a full, .clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in the bladeconstruction ofsteam, gas, or other elastic fluid turbines, and the object of my invention is to construct the blades and their supports so that the blades can be very easily made, can be readily inserted in the running rings of the turbine, will be shaped so that they will get the full force of the pressure fluid or the impact of the fluid which propels the turbine, and particularly to construct the blades with bases which can be readily inserted in grooves in the running rings, and in which .a. part of a blade will overlap the base of the next adjacent blade, thus binding the whole series of blades in place. This arrangement holds them against accidental displacement, and yet permits any one or more of them to be easily inserted. or removed whenever necessity requires. I have used these blades and fastenings of the same in a steam turbine, but they are just as well adapted to gas turbines or to other forms of machines where blades are used.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a broken side elevation of a running ring provided with my improved blades. Fig. 2 is"-a side elevation of a slightly modified form of the construction.

Fig. 3 shows another slight modification in which the top flanges are omitted. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 represent plans of the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Figs. 7 8 and 9 represent horizontal sections through the blades shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 6. Fig. 10 is a broken side elevation very much enlarged, of another slight modification of the invention. Fig. 11 shows asectional plan of another modification of the blade, and Fig. 12 is a detail of one of the blades.

The blades are adapted to be used in connection with running rings 10, which can be $5 of any approved or usual kind, and these are provided with parallel grooves 11 which extend diagonally across the face of the rings. These grooves are adapted to receive. the bases 12 of the blades 13, and the bases are always straight bases which will just fill the grooves 11 and lie flush with .the top of the ring 10, while the body of the blade itself may be changed somewhat, as presently described. The grooves are plane grooves which are rectangular in cross sec tion, and the bases 12 of the blades are of. the same shape as the grooves which they fill, so that the blade bases can be either driven in lengthwise of the grooves, or

driven in straight on the radial line of the ring. This makes the blade and ring very simple to construct, and enables a blade to be easily inserted or removed. The blade 13 is preferably formed with a sharp bend 14 at its forward or intake edge, and with a wide tail-piece 15 extending rearwardly as shown in Fig. 12. This causes the elastic fluid to strike against the blade in a manner to exert a forward propelling force, and the tail-piece 15 guides it to the next series of blades in the usual manner; but as it extends well rearward, it enables all the expansive force of the fluid to be used as well as the impact force. A particular advantage of the construction referred to and shown in detail in Figs. 7 9 and 12, is that each blade 13 has the part ll shaped to overlap the base 12 of the next adjacent blade, thus fastening said blade in place. It will be observed that this arrangement of the blade and base causes pressure on the blade (see Fig. 7) as exerted on a plane parallel with the movement of the ring 10, to be almost longitudinal of the base, or at least at less than a right angle to the base, so that the blade is very much stronger. Where the strain is transverse of the base, the blade is very likely to be broken oif.

The blades can be left open at the top, especially if they are short, as in Figs. 3 and 6, or they can be closed by flanges as for infrom without afli'ecting the principle of the invention. For instance the body of the blade .can be made trlangular as shown at 17 in Fig. 8, and this can be provided with flange 16 at the top, of the same general shape as the blade, and as shown in Fig. 5. The flanges can also be arranged at the bottom, and the flanges at top and bottom can' In such case the ring 19 has grooves to receive the tops 12 of the blades, which tops are made precisely like the bases 12 already referred to, and slip into the ring in the same manner.

In Fig. 11 I have shown a form of blade substantially as already described, except that the part 14 does not overlap the base of the next blade. This I find an efficient form of blade, but I prefer the form in which the blades lock.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the blade which I produce is exceptionally strong, that the means of locking it in the running ring is particularly easy, that each blade locks the next thus forming a chain of locked blades, and that the blades are constructed so as to get-the fullforceoft plane parallel grooves across'its face, of a series of blades each blade havinga base to fit one of the aforesaid grooves,-anda wing or body portion risingfrom the-base one edge portion of the wing being sharply inturned so as to project beyondthe base and overlap the base of a next adjoining blade, and the second edge of the wing projecting from the base at a less angle than the first edge, the two edges of the wing lying within the vertical planes of the ring sides.

2. The combination with the rin having diagonal grooves across its face, ot a series of blades having bases to fit the grooves, and curved bodies rising from the bases, the said bodies being so shaped that a portion of the body of one blade shall overlap the base of the next adjacent blade.

JOHN DIANOVSZKY \Vitnesses p GEORGE FEsKA, JOHN SHAFRAN. 'J

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