US10852339B2 - Method for sensing lightning-current parameters at installations having one or more capturing devices and lightning-current diversion paths - Google Patents
Method for sensing lightning-current parameters at installations having one or more capturing devices and lightning-current diversion paths Download PDFInfo
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- US10852339B2 US10852339B2 US15/754,446 US201615754446A US10852339B2 US 10852339 B2 US10852339 B2 US 10852339B2 US 201615754446 A US201615754446 A US 201615754446A US 10852339 B2 US10852339 B2 US 10852339B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lightning
- current
- currents
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0842—Measurements related to lightning, e.g. measuring electric disturbances, warning systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/30—Lightning protection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
- G01R15/181—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using coils without a magnetic core, e.g. Rogowski coils
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/83—Testing, e.g. methods, components or tools therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for sensing lightning-current parameters at installations comprising one or more capturing devices and lightning-current diversion paths, in particular for exposed and/or tall buildings, including wind turbines, by using a plurality of sensors on the lightning-current diversion paths to identify a lightning-current event, and comprising subsequent evaluation of the lightning-current event and the effect of the lightning-current event on the particular installation according to claim 1 .
- Lightning currents are so-called impressed currents. Lightning current therefore represents a primary danger taken into account by all of the protective measures according to Lightning Protection Standard DIN EN 62305.
- Lightning protection components through which the entire lightning current or partial lightning currents flow(s) depending on the power distribution in an overall plant, must resist the thermal and mechanical effects of the lightning current. It is known to use lightning-current measuring units to detect lightning strikes and thus lightning currents. Such measuring units also serve to identify the lightning-current parameters of the entire lightning current or the partial lightning currents in order to analyze the same so that the load of particular installation parts can be identified. The respective determined data will then allow maintenance works to be executed in the installations.
- a method for detecting lightning strikes on wind turbines is already known from US 2014/0093373 A1, wherein a current sensor is situated in the common ground connector and detects whether and to what extent the receptors in the rotor blades were exposed to an influence of lightning current.
- EP 2 385 246 A1 shows a further arrangement for detecting lightning strikes in wind turbines, with an ozone sensor being provided in the area of the turbine of the wind power plant. A spark discharge is generated in case of a lightning strike which in turn releases a certain amount of ozone which can then be detected.
- EP 1 631 846 B1 it is known to guide a lightning current of a rotor blade completely or in part through at least one electrical resistor and to determine the heating of the resistor so as to enable a qualitative current evaluation from this.
- the generic document EP 1 754 887 A1 art discloses field sensors arranged to be distributed across a rotor blade of a wind turbine in order to record lightning strikes. The data from theses sensors are combined in an evaluating unit. Furthermore, a central entity is present serving the purpose of lighting current determination.
- Erosion however, also depends on the charge which occurs in case of electric arcs caused by lightning current. Consequently, it is provided by standards that the respective manufacturers define methods for a regular inspection of the capturing devices so that the estimated design value of lifetime and the maintenance and exchange intervals can be fixed and verified.
- an identification of the charge caused by long-term currents is performed along with determining the specific energy in this respect over the complete long-term current flow duration so that damages due to high charge values are reliably assessable.
- charge values and W/R of short-term and long-term components of a lightning stroke are thus identified. This makes it possible to also consider that case in the evaluation in which only a long-term current having low superimposed pulses occurs which cannot be recorded in known measuring devices.
- the teaching according to the invention moreover enables long-term currents without superimposed pulse currents to be detected and evaluated.
- Such long-term currents represent about 50% of the lightning discharges at installations having a tall operating height.
- a lightning-current detection sensor is arranged at each of the capturing devices or at each lightning-current diversion path, which lightning-current detection sensor exclusively provides a yes/no statement concerning a lightning-current event in relation to the respective capturing device of the respective lightning-current diversion path.
- These lightning-current detection sensors may be of a very simple configuration. They only serve to detect at which capturing device or in which lightning-current diversion path a strike has actually occurred.
- the lightning-current detection sensors are configured according to the invention so as to supply data to a central evaluating unit without any additional measuring line, and in fact especially give notice of a lightning current having flown in the diversion path concerned.
- At least one lightning-current measurement sensor is provided at a central point of the merging of the lightning-current diversion paths toward the ground, which lightning-current measurement sensor detects both surge currents having a duration of less than 5 ms and long-term currents having a duration of more than 5 ms, wherein furthermore the magnitude of the charge of the particular long-term current that has occurred is determined and used to determine possible effects on the installation.
- the sensors may be constructed in a simple manner and may be realized at low cost. Moreover, such sensors have a very low energy consumption so that expensive external power supply devices may be omitted.
- the necessary energy for the lightning-current detection sensor may be obtained, for instance, from the electromagnetic field of the actual lightning current.
- lightning-current detection sensors provided in movable lightning conductors, e.g. rotor blades of wind turbines, to obtain the necessary energy from the kinetic energy of the rotor blades, e.g. while utilizing piezo elements.
- the obtained lightning-current parameters are allocated to the respective lightning-current diversion path, wherein the spatial allocation of the lightning-current detection sensors to the corresponding parts of the installation is referred to for this purpose.
- the respective lightning-current detection sensor when forwarding a yes statement related to a lightning-current event, will also transmit an address indicating the spatial allocation of the respective lightning-current sensor.
- the charge values due to the lightning current are used to analyze the expected lifetime of mechanical, energized components of the installation, wherein a tabular assignment of empirical values from long-term studies may be referred to in this respect.
- the at least one lightning-current measurement sensor comprises two Rogowski coils.
- a first Rogowski coil detects single pulses of a high current level with up to 200 kA and a short pulse duration of up to 5 ms.
- a second Rogowski coil is used for long-term current detection of lower currents at a pulse duration of up to 1 s.
- the method according to the invention is in particular intended for being used in wind turbines, wherein the lightning-current detection sensors are provided at the respective connection point between the respective wind power rotor blade and the hub, and the at least one lightning-current sensor is provided at or in proximity of the rotor shaft, preferentially in the area of the transition of the hub to the nacelle.
- the signal transmission for the yes/no decision is performed in a wireless manner between the lightning-current detection sensors and an evaluating unit.
- the electrical operating power required for operating the lightning-current detection sensors is obtained, in a further development according to the invention, from the kinetic energy of the rotor blades.
- Thunderclouds Due to the height and exposed position of the rotor blades of wind turbines, the entire rotor blade construction is often subjected to strong electrical fields during its operating lifetime. Thunderclouds generate strong static and transient electrical fields which act upon the rotor blade construction by electricity and deteriorate the insulating properties of composite materials over time.
- the inventive method in its preferred application in wind turbines serves to detect all relevant lightning-current parameters, and this both of short-term pulses and long-term components and the charge values thereof, so that a very reliable assessment of damages can be performed and maintenance intervals fixed in a reasonable manner.
- the advantage as compared to wired lightning-current sensors is that the measuring signal can be transmitted over rotating components.
- the central data acquisition with respect to the yes/no values delivered by the lightning-current detection sensors is performed by means of a unit which is expediently accommodated in the nacelle of the wind turbine.
- the hub or shaft leading to the actual electrodynamic generator via a gear forms the central point of the merging of the lightning-current diversion paths toward the ground.
- a lightning-current measurement sensor will be provided which is composed, for instance, of two specifically modified Rogowski coils.
- the Rogowski coils are designed such that single pulses are detected from the current level, on the one hand, and yet a long-term current detection of lower currents of up to a pulse duration of 1 s can be realized, on the other.
- the data obtained and collected in the evaluating unit of the respective wind turbine can be checked for relevance and transmitted to the plant operator in terms of an alarm function upon detecting abnormal disturbance variables.
- a UMTS or GSM telecommunication connection backed by emergency power may be referred to.
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015011739 | 2015-09-04 | ||
DE102015011739 | 2015-09-04 | ||
DE102015011739.4 | 2015-09-04 | ||
DE102016000930.6 | 2016-01-28 | ||
DE102016000930 | 2016-01-28 | ||
DE102016000930.6A DE102016000930A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-01-28 | Method for detecting lightning current parameters on installations with one or more catching devices and lightning current discharge paths |
PCT/EP2016/069465 WO2017036793A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-08-17 | Method for sensing lightning-current parameters at installations having one or more capturing devices and lightning-current diversion paths |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20180238947A1 US20180238947A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
US10852339B2 true US10852339B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
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US15/754,446 Active US10852339B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-08-17 | Method for sensing lightning-current parameters at installations having one or more capturing devices and lightning-current diversion paths |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10852339B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3345008B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108027397B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016000930A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017036793A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11454653B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-09-27 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Device for detecting electrical currents on or in the vicinity of electrical conductors |
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US10135310B2 (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-11-20 | Infinitum Electric Inc. | System and apparatus for modular axial field rotary energy device |
DE102017100785B4 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2021-05-12 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Device for lightning or thunderstorm warning |
JP6573923B2 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-09-11 | エムエイチアイ ヴェスタス オフショア ウィンド エー/エス | Wind power generation facility and method of operating wind power generation facility |
DE102018107475B4 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-05-09 | DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. | Apparatus for detecting electrical currents at or near electrical conductors |
CN108051676B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2020-04-21 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Lightning current amplitude cumulative probability distribution curve fitting calculation method |
DE102020100151A1 (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-08 | Rwe Renewables Gmbh | Wind power plant, in particular offshore wind power plant |
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2016
- 2016-01-28 DE DE102016000930.6A patent/DE102016000930A1/en active Granted
- 2016-08-17 WO PCT/EP2016/069465 patent/WO2017036793A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-08-17 US US15/754,446 patent/US10852339B2/en active Active
- 2016-08-17 EP EP16753361.1A patent/EP3345008B1/en active Active
- 2016-08-17 CN CN201680050818.1A patent/CN108027397B/en active Active
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11454653B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-09-27 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Device for detecting electrical currents on or in the vicinity of electrical conductors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017036793A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
US20180238947A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
EP3345008B1 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
CN108027397B (en) | 2021-04-30 |
EP3345008A1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CN108027397A (en) | 2018-05-11 |
DE102016000930A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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