US1084546A - Chuck. - Google Patents

Description

J. HARTNESS.

CHUCK. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1912.

Patented J an. 13, 1914.

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CHUCK. APPVLIUATIOI'IILED Jun 24, 1912.

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CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1912.

Patented Jan. 13, 1914.

JAMES HARTNESS, or srsrncrmrn, vn monr.

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. Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 24, 1912. Serial No. 705,384.,

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMEs HARTNnss, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Springfield, in the county of VVind-sor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chucks, of

which the following is a specification.

This invention has relation to chucks for.

metal working machines, of that type in which the jaws are actuated by a rotatable scroll, one of the objects of the invention being to provide always accessible means for actuating the scroll either While the spindle is stationary or while it is in operation.

A further object of the invention is to pro vide a chuck capable of withstanding the tremendous pressure required for holding the work.

On the accompanying draWings,,Figure 1 represents in plan view a portion of the head of a metal turning machine, some of the parts being shown in section. represents a front elevation of said head. Fig. 3 represents a section on the line 3-3 of Fig, 2. Fig. 4 represents a. section on the line 44: of Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 6 represent respectively end elevations of said head.

.Figs. 7 and 8 represent sections on the line 77, 88 respectively of Fig. 1. Fig. 9-

represents a section through the body of the chuck. Fig. 10 shows the scroll in section. Fig. 11 illustrates one of the jaws. Fig. 12 shows the centralgear or pinion from which power is transmitted to the scroll. Fig- 13 v(Sheet 3) illustrates the scroll actuating quill as being provided with-a hand wheel for eilecting its rotation.

For convenience, a form of chuck embodying'the invention is illustrated as being employed in a machine substantially like that shown and described in the application of James Hartness and George A. Perry, Serial No. 648,147, filed September 7, 1911, but it may be employed in many dilierent kinds of turning and grinding machines.

The work or chuck spindle is indicated at 20 and is hollow so that it may be used for bars as well as for detachedpieces of work such as gear blanks and the like. It is mounted in suitable bearings, the-character of which forms no part of the present invention. As illustrated, these bearings are formed by or supported in a head which is box-like in structure, and which has end walls 21, 22, a front wall 23, a removable ea or cover 24, and a transverse internal wall Fig; 2

or web 25. It will be observed from anlinspection of Fig. 1, that on one end the spin- .dle 20 is. formed with a large relatively heavy integral flange 26'which constitiites the back or back-plate of the chuck, and

which is provided on its periphery with gear teeth so that power may be transmitted directly to the chuck if desirable or necessary.

In the particularmachines illustrated, there are two work spindles arranged side by side,

and the two chucks and spindles are rotated by a pinion 27 to which power is supplied trom a convenient source.- The body of the chuck is indicated at 28, and 1 is .provided'with radial ways in its face or the reception of the jaws 29 each- "of which has a tongue. and groove connection with the adjacent walls of saidface" plate. The body is bolted to the back 2 6 PatentedJan,13,1914.

by bolts 30, relatively near the axis, and 1s, further held rigidly in place by the pins 280 engaging notches 281 in the rim of the body,-

and by a collar 31 threaded on the body and on the back-plate. The rear portion of the body is recessed or chambered, as shown by f Fig. 9, to. receive the scroll 32 which consists of anannul-us having the spiral scroll teeth e 33 on its face, and also having a flange or rim 34 which is internally toothed, as shown.

Projecting forward from the back-into. the

recess in the body are three pins 35 on each'- of which is journaled apinion 36 meshin' with the internal teeth on the scroll, an

these pinions likewise mesh with a pinion 37 formed on or secured to'an actuator consisting of a quill or sleeve 38 extending through thehollow spindle and pro ecting from the opposite end thereof. On rotating the actuator, as by means of a hand wheel 880 on the projecting end thereof, see

Fig. 13, the scroll will .be/ rotated tomove the jaws in or out simultaneously aswillbe apparent. By the provision of three pinions 36, power will 'be distributed equally at separate points to the scroll to reduce the stress on the teeth of the scroll, each pinion being located immediately behind one of the jaws if desired. Any arrangement of the pinions may be -followed, provided space is left for the bolts 30. I should not,

however, deem it a departure from the invent-ion if the .number of pinions36 changed or if only one were used:

As a result of he construction which-I have described, the jaws may be actuated with ease when the spindle is atrestorfwhen were it is rotating. actual practice, itis pos- .sible, when the spindle is quiescent, to turn the quill until the jaws lightly engage the work, and then, while holding the hand wheel against rotation, to start the spindle in rotation under power until the jaws clamp the work with the proper pressure. By reversing the rotation of the spindle ahd holding the hand wheel, the jaws may be released from the work. k l

P I have contemplated emp 0 ing' instrumentalities other than a ban wheel for controlling the operation of the actuator, and, when two spindles are employed, for selecting either of the actuators for operation;

It will be observed by an inspection of Fig. 1 that upon the ends of the actuators or quills 38, I secure gears 40 40, these gears being arranged in parallel planes. A slidable shaft 41 is arranged between the two spindles and has on its end a pinion 42,

which may be moved axially into engage ment with either of the gears 40, or to a position (as in Fig. 1) where it is in engagement with neither. The axial or,slid'-. ing movement of the shaft 41 is accomplished by a' rock shaft 43 projecting through the front wall 23 of the head and having a handle 44 on its exposed end. The rear end of said rock shaft is equipped with a pinion 45 engaging a circular rack 46 on the slidable shaft 41. The rotation of the a shaft 41 is effected by a shaft 47 likewise projecting through the wall 23, and having a hand wheel 48 on its exposed end. On its inner end said shaft 47 has a spiral gear 49 intermeshing with a complemental gear 50 splined on the shaft 41. .By the instrumentalities thus described, the Operating pinion 42 may be engaged with the gears on either of the actuators after which the rotation of the hand wheel -(if the corresponding spindle is stationary) will effect the actuation of the jaws to grip or releasethe work. WVhen the spindle is in rotation in one direction or the other, the hand wheel 48 will likewise rotate, and, by retarding its rotation with the hand, the jaws will be opened or closed as the case may be.

The mechanism which I have described possesses advantages, in addition to those already pointed out, which will doubtless be apparent to persons skilled in this art, and to some of which I will briefly call attention. In the first place, the chuck-has a rigid stiil' back on which the scrollactuating pinions are supported, and the body has a stiff outer rim which is secured rigidly in place to the face thereof both near the center and at the outer edge. so that but two parts are necessary to receive and support the jaws, the scroll and the scroll-actuating pinions. As a result of this construction,

The formation of the back 26 as an inte- 7o gral part of the spindle lessens the number of necessary parts, and shortens the total distance between the work and the bearing for the spindle, and decreases the possibility ofspringing the spindle, which is a feature of value. Moreover the back 26 itself furnishes a direct connection between the driving pinion and the'spindles and the driving pinion and the chuck as a whole.

By the provision of the annular internally so toothed scroll and the quill and pinions driven thereby, I obviate the necessity of employing a key wrench or other form of tool for actuating the scroll or of accurately positioning the chuck about its axis before the jaws can be actuated. Furthermore, the power of the machine can be utilized for actuating the jaws, the operator merely retarding the rotation of the actuator-controlling hand wheel. Again, by forming the annular scroll with the internally toothed rim, power is applied to the scroll, substantially at its periphery, so that substantially the greatest possible leverage is secured, and by locating the transmission gears'or pinions within the rim, I eliminate the necessity of cutting away or weakening the back-plate, or of interrupting the rim of the body.

The body of the ordinary scroll chuck is the weak member, because of the slots which are necessarily formed to receive the jaws, and of the chamber to receive the scroll. In the present case, however, the body 28 has, as has been stated, an unbroken rim 5 encircling the chamber in which the scroll is seated, the back-plate 26 is rigid and powerful, and the body is so connected to the back-plate near the center and at or near its outer edge that a strong closed shell is provided capable of withstanding any pressures or stresses which may be exerted upon it. According to my construction, power is not applied to the jaw-operating mechanism by passing a key or tool or other instru- 11,5

mentality through the shell, but on the contrary is applied by a centrally located pinion, which is actuated by a quill passing through the spindle, so that it is possible to preserve the rigid construction of and the rigid connection between the body and backplate to which I have referred.

What I claim is 1. In a chuck, a plurality of jaws, a body grooved to receive said jaws, a back-platel25 secured to said body, a rotatable annular scroll located between the back-plate and' the body and having an internally toothed rim, one or more pinions for rotating said scroll, and means between the body and the back-plate for rotating said pinion orpinions.

2. In a chuck, a plurality of jaws, a body grooved to receive said jaws, a solid backplate, a rotatable annular scroll located between said back-plate and body and having an internally toothed rim, one or more pinions between said body and back-plate for rotating said scroll, and an actuator concentric with said scroll for rotating said pinion or pinions.

3. In a chuck, a back-plate, a body secured thereto, a plurality of jaws carried'by the body, an annular scroll engaged with the jaws and having an internally toothed rim, one or more pinions journaled on said backplatebetween said body and back-plate and meshing with the teeth on said rim, and an actuator concentric with the body and having a gear meshing with said pinion or pinions.

4. In a chuck, a back-plate, a body secured thereto, an annular scrollbetween said backplate and said body, jaws on the body engaged by said'scroll, gear teeth formed on said scroll, one or more gears also between the back-plate and the body meshin with said gear teeth, and a centrally located act-uator having a gear meshing with said lastmcntioned gear or gears.

5. In a chuck, a back-plate having a central aperture, a body secured thereto and having a rear flange forming a recess be tween it and the back-plate, a plurality of F jaws, an annular j aw-operating scroll in said recess having war teeth, a pin on the backplate, a gear jo urnalcd on said pin'and engaging said toothed scroll, and a rotatable centrally located actuator indenting through the aperture in the back-plate and having means for rotating said last-mentioned gear.

6. In a chuck, a body,a back-plate, aws, a centrally located rotary actuator, means for rotating said actuator independently of the rotation of the chuck body, and' awoperating connections between the jaws and said actuator, and located between the backplate and the body.

' 7. In a chuck, a body, a back-plate having a central aperture, jaws, a centrally located rotary actuator, means for rotating the actuator imlcpcmlently of said body and backplate, and jaw-operating connections between the jaws and said actuator, co1npr is ing a j a w-opcrating scroll between the backplate and thebody, one or'more gears between the bzu-k-plate and the body, and a driving gear on the actuator.

. 8. In a chuck, a solid back-plate, a body having an unbroken rim abutting against said back-plate, means for securing the body to said back-plate, jaws carried by the body, a jaw-operating annular scroll within said rim. a centrally disposed actuator, and one or more gears between the actuator and the scroll for transmitting power from said actuator to said scroll.

9. The combination with a body and jaws carried ther'eby, of a spindle having an integral peripheral flange which constitutes the back-plate of the chuck, and means for points at .or near their peripheries.

10. A chuck comprising a spindle having '75 back-plate, teeth on said flange by which the a peripheral flange which constitutes the spindle and chuck may be rotated, a body having radial guideways, jaws in said guideways, means for operating said jaws, and

means for securing said back-plate and body together adjacent their peripheries.

11. The combination with a body, jaws carried thereby, and a scroll for operatingsaid jaws, ofa hollow spindle having a peripheral flange which constitutes a back-plate,

securing said body to said back-plate at means for securing said body to said backf' plate, and a sleeve within sa d spindle, and scroll-operating mechanism operable by said sleeve.

12. The combination with the body of a chuck, jaws thereon, a scroll for actuating said jaws. and one or more gears for'operating'said scroll, of a hollow spindle having at its end an integral flange formin back-plate ofthe chuck and constituting a support for said gear or gears, and means the located interiorlv of said spindle for transmitting power to said gear or gears.

13. The combination with a hollow spindle,

a chuck thereon having jaws, ,a'scrolhfor operating said jaws, and means extending through said spindle for actuating said scroll. i

' 14, A chuck which consists of a body and a solid back-plate forming an unbroken chambered shell, a scroll within said shell, jaws onsaid body operable by said scroll, means for relatively rotating said scroll, and means for securing said body and back-plate together near their centers and near their peripheries.

15. In a chuck, a plurality of radially movable jaws, a chuck body grooved to receive said jaws, a back-plate, said back-plate and bodyhaving unbroken contiguous rims,

means for securing said plate and body together at their rims and at points between their centers and their rims, a jaw-operating scroll located within said rims and between said back-plate and body.

16. In a chuck, a bacleplate, a body having an unbroken rim abutting against the backplate, means for securing the body to the back-plate, supplemental means connecting the rim to the back-plate to prevent rotat-ive movement of one in rclation to the other, radially movable jaws carried by the body, and an annular scroll confined between the body and the back-plate for actuating the jaws.

17. A chuck which consists of a body and a' back-plate forming an unbroken shell, means for securing said parts together at points near their centers and near their peripheries, a scroll located in arecess formed between the back-plate and the body,,and jaws on said body operable by said scroll.

18. A chuck which consists of a body having radial guideways, a back-plate having a central aperture, means for securing said back-plate and said body together at or near their peripheries, jaws carried by said body and movable in said guideways, a scroll located in a recess between the body-and the back-plate,.an actuator extending through the aperture in the back-plate, and powertransmitting connections between the actuator and the scroll.

19. A chuckcomprising a body and a backplate,; means -for securing said parts together at or near their peripheries, jaws on thebody, a jaw-operating scroll located between the body and the back-plate and having an internally toothed rim, and gearing located between the body and the back-plate and intermeshing with said toothed rim for causing the operation of the scroll.

20. A chuck comprising a body having converging radial guideways, a centrally apertured back-plate secured at or near its periphery to the body, said body and backplate having a recess or chamber between them, a scroll located in-said recess, jaws movable in said guideways and operated by said scroll, and means for operating said scroll extending through said central aperture.

21. A chuck comprising a body having converging radial guideways, a centrally apertured back-plate secured at or near its periphery to the body, said body and backplate having a recess or chamber between them, a scroll located in said recess, jaws movable in said guideways and operated by near their centers, a scroll located between i the back-plate and the body and between points at which said body and back-plate are secured together, jaws operable by said scroll, and means for actuating said scroll to move said jaws.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

. JAMES HARTNESS. Witnesses GEORGE- A. PERRY, J. W. WALKER.-

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