US1081049A - Safety device for fluid-actuated pistons. - Google Patents

Description

WALTER B. KOLIJAR, O15 LANSING, MJIIHIGrAN.

SAFETY DEVICE FOR FLUID-ACTUATED PISTONS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 9, 1913.

Application filed. June 17, 1912. Serial No. 704,013.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, WALTER B. KoLLAR, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Lansing, in the county of Ingham and State of lilichigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Safety Devices for Fluid-Actuated Pistons; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention refers to safety appliances for fluid actuated pistons, its object being to provide simple, effective and positive means for preventing overthrow of such fluid actuating pistons whereby the heads of cylinders containing the same are prevented from being knocked due to overthrow caused by the piston being disconnected from its rod either by breakage or withdrawal therefrom.

My present invention is particularly degm signed with reference to improving and simplifying apparatus of the type such as patented by me February 21, 1911, No. 98 1935, for improvements in safety devices for steam engines.

The specific object of my invention is to provide an independent valve-controlled fluid inlet which is adapted to operate in conjunction with a tappet member whereby the independent fluid force is admitted to so the cylinder head, incidental to shift of the engine valve, caused through overthrow of the piston.

With the above and other minor objects in view the invention consists in what is as herein described with reference to the accompanying illustration and subsequently claimed.

The drawing represents a side elevation of an engine cylinder and valve gear with parts 1' broken away and parts in section to better show the structural features, said engine cylinder being shown equipped with a safety appliance embodying the features of my in vention.

Referring by characters to the drawing 1 represents the base of a steam cylinder 2, which cylinder is closed at one end by a head 3 and provided at its opposite end with a stuffing-box 1 for the reception of a pis to ton-rod 5 that carries a piston 6 adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder. The bed 1 is also provided with a steam-chest 7 that communicates with inlet and exhaust chambers 8, 9, respectively. The cylinder has at steam channels 10 and 11 that communicate respectively with the upper and lower ends of said cylinder and also with the steamchest 7 in the usual manner, whereby steam is admitted upon opposite sides of the piston. A hollow valve-shell 12 is fitted within the steam-chest for controlling the several ports that communicate therewith. The port 8 is provided with a steam-supply pipe 8 and the exhaust port 9 carries a suitable pipe connection 9. The valve-shell carries a stem 13 that extends through a stufiingboX in the head of the steam-chest, which stem is connected by a link 16 to a pin 14, the pin being carried by a rocker 15. The opposite end of the rocker 15 has attached thereto a valve-rod 17 through which valverod the engine valve-gear is manually controlled. The valve mechanism just described constitutes the ordinary valve-gear and forms no part of my invention, it being also understood that the steam cylinder and its channels are also of standard type.

One form of the safety appliance constituting my invention, as shown in the accompanying illustration, consists of a member or tappet 18 that passes through a valvehousing 19, which housing is secured to the head 3 and communicates with the cylinder, the said tappet in this instance constituting a stem for a valve 20, which valve is adapted to seat within the valve-housing 19, whereby communication between the upper end of the cylinder and valve-housing is controlled. Said valve-housing and valve-1nember constitute an auxiliary valve mechanism that controls an independent steam supply, which supply 1s admitted to the housing through a pipe connection 21, that, in this instance, is

connected to the feed pipe 8 and C01111Dl1111- cates with the auxiliary valve-housing. The upper end of the valve-stem or tappet 18 is slightly notched for engagement with a lever 22, which lever in this instance, is shown fulcrumed to the cylinder through a link 23. The opposite end of the lever 22 has connected thereto a sectional rod 25, the sections of which are in turnbuckle connection where by the rod may be adjusted as to length. The rod constitutes a connecting link between the safety mechanism and valve-gear, the lower end of said rod being provided with a slotted head 27 through which slot the pin 14 of the rocker extends. The length of the slot in the head 27 is sufficient to per mit free movement of the valve-gear in either direction under the ordinary control. While I have mentioned the fact that this valve-gear under certain conditions may be manually controlled it should be understood that the same under certain conditions may be automatically shifted, the manual control 5 being utilized when the apparatus is applied to a hammer or analogous tool, it being also understood that said invention may be as readily applied to saw-mill carriages or like mechanisms wherein the application of power through a piston and cylinder is required. The invention in its primary sense contemplates means in connectlon with the valve-gear whereby said valve-gear is shifted to reverse the direction of steam sup ply incidental to abnormal or overthrow movement of the piston due to any cause. In order to hold the lever 22 in a set position said lever is provided with a dog 28, which do is adapted to engage any one of a series of teeth 29 that are carried by a post 80, the post being extended upwardly from the engine head 3.

In the operation of my invention as shown in the drawing the piston is at the extreme lower end of its working stroke the slide-valve having just been reversed. Steam is now admitted under the piston through channel 11 and is exhausted through channel 10. The piston 6 will consequently now be forced upward upon its idle stroke to the position indicated in dotted lines under normal conditions. Should breakage occur of the piston rod or the same become loose from its connections through any cause the piston would have a further upward movement, causing engagement of the valve stem or tappet 18. This thrust upon the valve stem will cause the lever 22 to lift, which lever movement through its link connections with the valve-gear will impart movement to the valve-shell whereby the latter will be lifted to thus reverse the steam suipply whereby steam will be exhausted through channel 11 from the under side of the piston and admitted through channel to the upper side of said piston. Thus further upward movement of the piston is instantaneously cushioned. Incidental to the upward movement of the valve-stem it will be apparent that valve 20 will be lifted from its seat whereby an auxiliary supply of steam will be admitted to the head end of the cylinder, which, in conjunction with the supply of steam through channel 10 will cause said piston to be instantly returned to the position shown in full lines in the drawing.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that when the shift of the engine valve takes place, were it not for the auxiliary steam supply being admitted directly to the head end of the steam cylinder, the said valve might in some instances only partially complete its full shift movement, 65 in which instance the auxiliary supply of live steam admitted to said head end of the cylinder would co-act with the steam-supply admitted through channel 10, to thus positively check and return the piston upon its working stroke. It will also be observed that after the safety appliance has been lifted to shift the valve, that said valve will be positively held in its shifted position due to engagement of the lever-dog with one of the series of teeth 2-9 carried by the post 30, said device being thus securely held until manually reset by the operator. It will also be apparent that when the auxiliary valve 20 is in its normal position resting upon the valve-seat that the supply of high pressure steam thereto will securely hold the valve in this position, it being only unseated by a severe blow imparted to the stem by the pis ton through overthrow of the same. This seating of the auxiliary valve would result, even though the pressure of steam were equal, in both directions, owing to the differential area of the valve faces.

I claim:

1. In an engine having a cylinder, a head therefor, a piston mounted in the cylinder, a piston-rod carried by the piston, steam channels connecting the opposite ends of the cylinder, a controlling valve for the steam channels, and valve-gear for the controlling valve; the combination of a,by-pass in com munication with the cylinder head, an auxiliary valve therefor, means in connection with the auxiliary valve for engagement with the piston incidental to abnormal movement of the latter, and means connecting the auxiliary valve and engine valvegear whereby said valves are simultaneously opened by engagement of the piston with said auxiliary valve mechanism to admit separate volumes of steam over the aforesaid piston.

2. In an engine having a cylinder, a head therefor, a piston mounted in the cylinder, a piston-rod carried by the piston, steam channels connecting the opposite ends of the cylinder, a controlling valve for the steam channels, and valve-gear for the controlling valve; the combination of a by-pass in communication with .the cylinder head, an auxiliary valve therefor, means depending from the auxiliary valve for engagement of the piston incidental to abnormal movement of the latter, and a lever in connection with the auxiliary valve and engine valve-gear whereby said valves are simultaneously opened incidental to overthrow of the piston to admit separate volumes of steam over said piston.

3. In an engine having a cylinder, a head therefor, a piston mounted in the cylinder, a piston-rod carried by the piston, steam channels connecting the opposite ends of the cylinder, a controlling valve for the steam channels, and a valve-gear for the controlling valve; the combination of a bypass in communication with one of the steam channels and cylinder, an auxiliary valve mounted in the by-pass for controlling the admission of steam to said cylinder, means in connection with the auxiliary valve for engagement with the piston incidental to abnormal movement of the latter, and means in connection with said auxiliary valve and the aforesaid engine valve-gear, whereby said valves are positively opened simultaneously by engagement of the piston with the auxiliary valve mechanism to simultaneously admit steam from the by-pass and one of the steam channels to the cylinder.

in testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand at Lansing in the county of Ingham and State of Michigan in the presence of two witnesses.

\VALTER l3. KOLLAR.

Witnesses FRANK E. DAVIS, F. L. SoHnAY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

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