US10608523B2 - 12-phase transformer rectifier - Google Patents
12-phase transformer rectifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10608523B2 US10608523B2 US15/763,621 US201615763621A US10608523B2 US 10608523 B2 US10608523 B2 US 10608523B2 US 201615763621 A US201615763621 A US 201615763621A US 10608523 B2 US10608523 B2 US 10608523B2
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- coils
- transformer
- circuit
- secondary coils
- phase
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/068—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode mounted on a transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to a 12-phase static electrical transformer rectifier.
- An electrical transformer is an electrical machine having a primary circuit and a secondary circuit.
- a transformer serves to modify the voltage and current values of the electricity as delivered by an alternating current (AC) source of electrical energy to the primary circuit of the transformer.
- AC alternating current
- TRU 12-pulse transformer rectifier unit
- the 12-phase transformer rectifiers 100 in general use are constituted by a transformer 40 followed by two six-phase rectifiers 50 and 60 , each formed by a bridge of six diodes 70 and coupled to a load 3 via two interphase inductors C.
- the transformer 40 comprises a primary circuit 110 having three primary coils 120 in a star configuration and coupled to the power supply network 2 , and two secondary circuits 111 and 112 .
- the first secondary circuit 111 comprises three first secondary coils 130 in a star configuration with each of the free terminals 130 b of the coils 130 coupled to a respective branch 50 a , 50 b , 50 c of the first three-phase rectifiers 50 .
- the second secondary circuit 112 comprises three second secondary coils 140 in a delta configuration, with each of the three nodes 140 b of the delta configuration being connected to a respective branch 60 b of the second three-phase rectifier 60 .
- This topology corresponds to the network quality requirements expected for electricity networks in aviation.
- phase-to-neutral secondary voltages of the transformer are phase shifted by 30°, i.e. by ⁇ /6. Because of this 30° phase shift between the phase-to-neutral secondary voltages, there is a phase shift of 30° between the two secondary line currents.
- the current flowing in the secondary windings can be determined simply.
- For the delta secondary there exists a relationship between of the secondary line currents and the winding currents. This relationship is valid over time and it is possible to write:
- the 12-phase transformer rectifier converts the three-phase AC voltages, e.g. having a root mean square (rms) voltage of 115 volts (V) or of 230 V, into a DC voltage of 28 V or of some other voltage, for example. This transformation is performed by the transformer and the two three-phase rectifiers.
- rms root mean square
- the invention seeks to provide an alternative configuration for the secondary circuit of the transformer that makes it possible to improve the quality of the electric circuit by minimizing or even eliminating the first harmonic frequencies of the electrical power supply network current, thereby off-loading the electricity generators and improving the overall power factor of the electricity network.
- the object is also to propose a solution for AC-DC conversion that is reliable, that is as simple as possible, and inexpensive, and with a power density that is at least equivalent to that of the equipment presently installed on board aircraft.
- the invention firstly provides a 12-phase static electrical transformer rectifier comprising a transformer, and both a first six-phase rectifier circuit and also a second six-phase rectifier circuit that are for coupling to a load, the transformer comprising a primary circuit having three primary coils arranged in a star configuration and a secondary circuit comprising three first secondary coils and three second secondary coils that are distinct from the first secondary coils.
- the secondary circuit of the transformer comprises a loop of six secondary coils formed by electrically connecting together the three first secondary coils and the three second secondary coils of the secondary circuit.
- the secondary circuit of the transformer thus proposes an alternative configuration for the secondary circuit of a transformer that presents a single secondary loop made up of the six coils.
- This configuration also makes it possible to provide an AC-DC conversion solution that is as simple as possible and inexpensive, with a power density that is at least equivalent to that of equipment presently installed on board aircraft.
- each second secondary coil of the transformer is connected between two first secondary coils, and each first secondary coil is connected between two second secondary coils.
- the hexagonal secondary winding of the secondary circuit is functionally equivalent to two interleaved delta windings. This arrangement makes it possible at least to provide output voltages of the same value, and thus to deliver voltages of the same value to the first and second rectifier circuits.
- the first secondary coils of the transformer present a first winding direction
- the second secondary coils present a second winding direction opposite to the first winding direction
- the three first secondary coils present a first dimension and the three second secondary coils present a second dimension distinct from the first dimension, the first and second dimensions being selected in such a manner that the three voltages measured between two output terminals of first secondary coils present a phase shift of 30° relative to the three voltages measured between the two output terminals of second secondary coils.
- the phase shift between the two delta configurations formed by the hexagonal secondary circuit needs to be 30°, i.e. ⁇ /6, as for a conventional transformer rectifier.
- phase shift of 30° between the two delta-equivalent secondary circuits makes it possible to satisfy the requirements concerning current harmonics that are required by aviation standards.
- This dimensioning of the first and second secondary coils also makes it possible to configure the transformer so as to obtain phase shifts of 15° and of 45° between the secondary voltages measured on the secondary circuits and the primary voltages measured on the primary circuit.
- each secondary coil of the transformer extends from a first electrical connection terminal to a second electrical connection terminal, the second terminals of the first and second coils being electrically connected to the first three-phase rectifier circuit, and the first terminals of the first and second coils being electrically connected to the second six-phase rectifier circuit.
- This arrangement makes it possible to deliver three first three-phase voltages that are identical in amplitude to the first rectifier circuit, and three second three-phase voltages that are identical in amplitude to the second rectifier circuit, the six voltages being identical in amplitude.
- the invention also provides an electrical voltage conversion system including at least one electrical transformer rectifier as defined above.
- the invention also provides an aircraft including at least one electrical voltage conversion system as defined above.
- FIG. 1 shows a prior art transformer rectifier
- FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically a transformer rectifier in an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the transformer of the FIG. 2 transformer rectifier
- FIG. 4 is a plot showing the input phase current of a conventional prior art transformer rectifier
- FIG. 5 is a plot showing the input phase current of a transformer rectifier in an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plot showing the input phase current of a 24-pulse transformer rectifier in an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical system comprising a 12-phase electrical transformer rectifier 1 in an embodiment of the invention.
- the transformer rectifier 1 is coupled to an input electricity network 2 and to an output load 3 via interphase inductors 8 and 9 .
- the transformer rectifier 1 comprises a transformer 4 , a first six-phase rectifier 5 , and a second six-phase rectifier 6 .
- Each six-phase rectifier 5 and 6 is made up of a bridge of six diodes 7 connected in three branches 5 a , 5 b , 5 c and 6 a , 6 b , 6 c , each of two diodes 7 connected to conduct in the same direction.
- Each branch 5 a , 5 b , 5 c and 6 a , 6 b , 6 c of a six-phase rectifier 5 and 6 has a respective input terminal 25 a , 25 b , 25 c and 26 a , 26 b , 26 c arranged between the two diodes 7 of the branch 5 a , 5 b , 5 c or 6 a , 6 b , 6 c such that a first diode 7 is conductive for a positive current flowing in the branch 5 a , 5 b , 5 c or 6 a , 6 b , 6 c while the second diode 7 is not conductive, and conversely the second diode 7 is conductive for a negative current flowing in the branch 5 a , 5 b , 5 c or 6 a , 6 b , 6 c while the first diode 7 is not conductive.
- Each of the two rectifiers 5 and 6 has its output coupled to the load 3 via the two interphase inductors 8 and 9 .
- the transformer 4 has a primary circuit 10 and a secondary circuit 11 .
- the primary circuit 10 is made up of three primary coils 12 in a star configuration.
- Each primary coil 12 of the primary circuit 10 thus possesses a first terminal 12 a coupled to the other two primary coils 12 , and a second terminal 12 b that is distinct from the first terminal 12 a and that is electrically connected to a respective one of the phases 2 a , 2 b , 2 c of the electrical power supply network 2 .
- the second terminal 12 b of each primary coil 12 is connected to a respective phase 2 a that is distinct from the other phases, 2 b and 2 c in the example described, which phases are connected to the second terminals 12 b of the other two primary coils 12 .
- the secondary circuit 12 which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3 , forms a loop of six secondary coils 13 and 14 . More particularly, the loop comprises three first secondary coils 13 and three second secondary coils 14 .
- the three first secondary coils 13 are of the same first dimension and they are wound in the same first direction.
- the three second secondary coils 14 are of the same second dimension, different from the first dimension, and they are wound in the same second winding direction, different from the first winding direction.
- the second winding direction is opposite to the first winding direction.
- the winding directions of the coils 13 and 14 are indicated in FIG. 3 in conventional manner by means of a dot in a circle to indicate the first winding direction and by means of a cross in a circle to indicate the second winding direction.
- each secondary coil 13 and 14 has a start-of-winding terminal 15 and an end-of-winding terminal 16 , with each of the secondary coils 13 or 14 being wound from the start-of-winding terminal 15 to the end-of-winding terminal 16 , as shown in FIG. 3 , then the secondary circuit 12 has three first nodes 17 , each having coupled thereto a start-of-winding terminal 15 of a first secondary coil 13 and a start-of-winding terminal 15 of a second secondary coil, and three second nodes 18 , each having coupled thereto an end-of-winding terminal 16 of a first secondary coil 13 and an end-of-winding terminal 16 of a second secondary coil.
- Each of the three first nodes 17 is electrically connected to a respective distinct branch 25 a , 25 b , 25 c of the first rectifier circuit 5 .
- Each of the three second nodes 18 is electrically connected to a respective distinct branch 26 a , 26 b , 26 c of the second rectifier circuit 6 .
- the first and second secondary coils 13 and 14 have respective first and second dimensions selected to present a phase shift of 30° between the two secondary voltages and phase shifts of 15° and of 45° between the secondary voltages and the primary voltages, so as to be in phase with the fundamental frequencies of the primary currents.
- the transformation ratios of the transformer rectifier 1 compared with a prior art transformer rectifier having a secondary comprising three secondary coils in a delta configuration and three secondary coils in a star configuration as shown in FIG. 1 are as follows:
- m 1 2 ⁇ m ′ ⁇ sin ⁇ ( ⁇ 4 )
- m 2 2 ⁇ m ′ ⁇ sin ⁇ ( ⁇ 12 )
- m′ is the transformation ratio between the star primary winding and the star secondary of a conventional transformer rectifier as shown in FIG. 1
- m 1 is the transformation ratio between the star primary winding and the winding presented by the long sides of the hexagon of the transformer rectifier 1 , i.e. with the first secondary coils 13
- m 2 is the transformation ratio between the star primary winding and the winding presented by the short sides of the hexagon of the transformer rectifier 1 , i.e. with the second secondary coils 14 .
- the transformer rectifier 1 of the invention when it is used in parallel with a transformer rectifier having two secondary circuits as shown in FIG. 1 and of equivalent power, serves to minimize or even eliminate the eleventh and thirteenth current harmonics of the network constituted in this way.
- FIG. 4 is a plot of the input phase current of a conventional prior art transformer rectifier, with current I plotted up the ordinate axis and phase ⁇ plotted along the abscissa axis.
- the curve C 1 shows the neutral phase voltage.
- the waveform of the input current of a phase of a conventional transformer rectifier is given by the waveform of the curve C 2 in the plot of FIG. 4 .
- the waveform of the input current for the same phase of the transformer rectifier 1 of the invention is given by the waveform of the curve C 3 in the plot of FIG. 5 , which plots current I up the ordinate axis and phase ⁇ along the abscissa axis.
- the curves C 1 and C 2 of FIG. 4 are also plotted on FIG. 5 .
- the sum of two input currents then corresponds to the waveform of the input phase current of a 24-pulse transformer rectifier given by the waveform of the curve C 4 on the plot of FIG. 6 , thereby eliminating current harmonics 11 and 13 when the powers absorbed by the two 12-phase transformers are equal.
- This result is thus obtained since the level portions of the two 12-phase transformer rectifiers present a phase shift through an angle of ⁇ /12 that stems from the particular geometry of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer rectifier 1 of the invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
where J2a, J2b, J2c are the currents flowing respectively in the three second
where m′ is the transformation ratio between the star primary winding and the star secondary of a conventional transformer rectifier as shown in
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1559124A FR3041833B1 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2015-09-28 | TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER DODECAPHASE |
FR1559124 | 2015-09-28 | ||
PCT/FR2016/052459 WO2017055739A1 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | Twelve-phase transformer-rectifier |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180287483A1 US20180287483A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
US10608523B2 true US10608523B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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ID=55072854
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/763,621 Active 2036-12-23 US10608523B2 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | 12-phase transformer rectifier |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10608523B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3357151B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108141128B (en) |
FR (1) | FR3041833B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017055739A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10689999B2 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2020-06-23 | Ge Aviation Systems, Llc | Power generation system |
US20200052631A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-13 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Electric system architecture with a permanent magnet generator and interleaved active rectifiers |
US10651770B2 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-05-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Direct current voltage regulation of a six-phase permanent magnet generator |
US10778127B2 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-09-15 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Direct current voltage regulation of permanent magnet generator |
US10855216B2 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-12-01 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Voltage regulation of multi-phase permanent magnet generator |
FR3089713B1 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-12-25 | Safran Electrical & Power | Electric filtering system of an intelligent electric motor with decoupled multi-windings and associated intelligent electric motor. |
GB201907146D0 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-03 | Rolls Royce | Power converter |
FR3109678B1 (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-04-22 | Renault Sas | Battery charger for a motor vehicle, vehicle and associated method of implementation |
RU208998U1 (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-26 | Евгений Николаевич Коптяев | SEMICONDUCTOR RECTIFIER |
CN114465494A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-05-10 | 广东福德电子有限公司 | Direct-current power supply of high-power pulse load and control method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4255784A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-03-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Transformer-rectifier apparatus |
US6198647B1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-03-06 | Rockwell Technologies, Llc | Twelve-phase transformer configuration |
US20100176755A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Power conversion system and method |
WO2012116263A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Crane Electronics, Inc. | Ac/dc power conversion system and method of manufacture of same |
US20140313800A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-23 | Yaskawa America, Inc. | Balanced flux isolation transformer based eighteen pulse rectification scheme for use with variable frequency drives |
-
2015
- 2015-09-28 FR FR1559124A patent/FR3041833B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-09-28 CN CN201680060884.7A patent/CN108141128B/en active Active
- 2016-09-28 WO PCT/FR2016/052459 patent/WO2017055739A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-28 EP EP16785235.9A patent/EP3357151B1/en active Active
- 2016-09-28 US US15/763,621 patent/US10608523B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4255784A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-03-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Transformer-rectifier apparatus |
US6198647B1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-03-06 | Rockwell Technologies, Llc | Twelve-phase transformer configuration |
US20100176755A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Power conversion system and method |
WO2012116263A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Crane Electronics, Inc. | Ac/dc power conversion system and method of manufacture of same |
US20140016356A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2014-01-16 | Crane Electronics, Inc. | Ac/dc power conversion system and method of manufacture of same |
US20140313800A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-23 | Yaskawa America, Inc. | Balanced flux isolation transformer based eighteen pulse rectification scheme for use with variable frequency drives |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
International Search Report dated Oct. 23, 2017 in PCT/FR2016/052459 filed Sep. 28, 2016. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180287483A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
CN108141128B (en) | 2020-06-09 |
WO2017055739A9 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
EP3357151B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
FR3041833A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
FR3041833B1 (en) | 2017-11-17 |
CN108141128A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
WO2017055739A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3357151A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
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