US1054041A - Method of treating brick. - Google Patents

Description

A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATINGBRIGK. APPLICATION FILED mm 31, 1912.

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neea w lid/ceases: HO 3 dd Patented Feb. '25, 1913.

A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATING BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

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A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATING BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1912.

. 4 04 Patented Feb.25, 1913.

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METHOD OF TREATING BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY31, 1912.

1 ,O54,04=1 Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHBE'1'4.

A..A. SCOTT. METHOD OF TREATING BRICK. APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

A. A. SCOTT. METHOD OF TREATING BRICK. APPLICATION FILED MAY 31,-1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

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ALEXANDER A. soon, or KNoxvILLn, rnnmzssnn.

METHOD or TREATING 1mm;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb; 2 1913.

Application filed May 31. 1912. Serial No. 701,110.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER-A. SCOTT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, (whose post-office address is 122 Scott street, Knoxville, Tennessee,) have invented a new and useful Method of Treating Brick, which method is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates to the art of brickmaking, and has for its object to provide an efiicient and continuously operating method or process for economically drying, burning,

cooling and handling brick.

In burning bricks according to the present invention, dried bricks are placed in a kiln-chamber, preferably mounted upon suitable trucks moving on a track or way, which may be, and preferably is, extended through a closed tunnel. When operating to the best advantage, a series of said kilnchambers are connected together in a train, which is advanced step by step through said closed tunnel, the said tunnel being spaced sufliciently away from the train of kilnchambers toform a drying chamber, preferably above the train of kiln-chambers, and the burning operation takes place at a point in the train of kiln-chambers intermediate the ends of the train, preferably near the middle portion thereof. Convenient means are provided for the introduction of fuel into a suitably arranged combustion chain ber constructed within each of the kilnchambers. The rear end of one kiln-chamber is connected to the forward end of the succeeding kiln-chamber in the train by a suitable fine or lines, preferably so arranged that the products of combustion are compelled to pass, and be distributed equally between all of the bricks contained in each kiln-chamber. This is preferably secured by constructing the combustion chamber in the front of each kiln-chamber with its discharge opening at or near the top of the kiln-chamber, and with the fines which connect with the next succeeding chamber in the train located at or near the bottom of the kiln-chamber, and leading into the combustion chamber of the succeeding kilnchamber.

The bricks are burned at the point where the fuel is admitted to the kiln-chamber, and the hot products of combustion are preferably passed in an indirect or zigzag line through the several kiln-chambers to the rear-chamber of the train, and thence to a suitable outlet, an artificial draft being employed to effect the passage ofjthe gases of combustion rearward. When the bricks in the middle kiln-chamber or chambers have been sufliciently burned, the train is. advanced the length of one kiln-chamber, a new chamber with dried (and preferably hot) bricks is added to the rear of the train and introduced into the tunnel as the train is advanced. By this means, the hot gases of-combustion act to burn the bricks in the kiln-chambers where combustion actually takes place, and as the gases are drawn rear- I ward through the train, serve to heat up the bricks in that portion of the train to the rear of the point where actual burning takes place, so that when they reach the point of actual combustion, they are already well heated and the actual burning operation can be thus performed much more rapidly and economically. In this way, the bricks are passed through a heating up, and then through a burning zone. Having been burned, the kiln-chambers containing the highly heated burned bricks are advanced step by step through the tunnel beyond the burning, station, as additional kiln-chambers containing dried vbricks are added to the rearofrthe train at the initial end of the inclosing tunnel.

Each. of the kiln-chambers is provided with an outlet or outlets, preferably located I in the top thereof, and closed by a suitable valve or cover during the heating up and the burning steps. After the kiln-chamber haspassed the burning station, however, the

valves or covers of these outlets are opened,

and cold air is introduced orallowed to enter at the forward end of the train at or near the outlet of the tunnel, which air passes between the heatedbricks, and cools them by absorbing the heat therefrom, and then passes through the outlets in'the kilnchambers into the space of the surrounding tunnel. The passage of this air over the burned'bri'cksis secured by an artificial draft. 7

Preferably the artificial draft, moves the hot products of combustion from the burning station rearward through the train to heat up the bricks previous to burning, is secured by a suction draft 10- end of the tunnel. This may be in the naother means for effectively producing a sucwhich r cated at'the rear end of the train or initial ture of a suction fan or suitable stack, orany' l tion draft. The artificial draft of air overthe burned bricks, however, may be a forced draft, such as a fan or any other means for forcing the air into the front end of the train and through the kilnchambers. This forced draft acts to force the cooling current of air between the hot bricks and outward through the outlets in the kiln-chambers, and also may be used to supply the requisite amount of air to support combustion at the combustion stat-ion.

The inclosing tunnel is preferably of sufficient length to permit the bricks which are introduced at the rear end of the train (.the initial end of the tunnel) to become properly heated up by the time they reach the combustion station, and also to permit the burned bricks to be cooled by the time they reach'the exit end'of the tunnelat the forward end of the train, to be removed there:

.' train at the initial endof the tunnel, the

' kiln-chamber is not only supplied with-dried bricks within the'kiln-chamber, but preferably there is also a quantity of wet bricks or bricksto be dried on top of the kilnchamber. Preferably, these bricks are in unit groups, which groups are also prefer ably of such size or contain such a number of bricks that one or more of the groups will fill or charge the kiln-chamber when they are dried and removed from. the top of the kiln-chamber and placed therein, as will be hereinafter described.

Preferably, each of the kiln-chambers has a forward Wall entirely closing the forward end of the kiln-chamber, except for the flue or fiues whereby it is connected to the kiln chamber immediately preceding it in the train, as before mentioned. The rear end of each of the kiln-chambers may be, and preterably is, open, that is, without anyend wall (this open ng being for the purpose of filling and emptying the chamber). When the several kiln-chambers are butted together end to end to form the train, the closed end of one kiln-chamber is joined to the open rear end of the immediatelypreceding kilnchamber, thereby e'liectively closing the said opening, but leaving communication between the chambers by reason of the fines. Suitable construction is provided for effectively.

sealing the joints between the kiln-chambers when the chambers are coupled together in any suitable manner to form a continuous train.

The hot products of combustion are drawn rearward by the suction draft within the several kiln-chambers to the rear of the com: bustion station, and pass outward through the outlet in the rear end of the train. The

closed joints under ordinary working conditions are intended to prevent. the leakage of the gases of combustion from the kiln-cham bers into the surrounding space of the tu-nnel to the rear of theco-mbustion chamber; however, there may be more or. less openings through the joints. but the suction draft prevents the exit of the gasesof combustion through such openings. This is of particular importance, since the gases of combus tion, it they come in contact with the wet bricks, would seriously injure the same, and materially reduce their appearance and market value. At the same time, while the hot. products of combustion are retained within the kiln-chambers, the heat radiated from the top, sides and bottom surfaces of all. the kiln-chambers of the train acts to heat up the air of the inclosing tunnel, and greatly assists in dryingthe' bricks. The air forced intothe rear end of the train at the exit end of the tunnel, and passing bet-ween the hot burned bricks, emerges through the outlets in the kiln-chambers. into the space of the surrounding tunnel, after becoming. highly heated through contact with the burneth bricks, and this heated air, in conjunction with the air heated by. radiation from the kiln-chambers serves to eflectively dry the bricks ontop of the kiln-chambers. It willthus be observed that the dried bricks within the kiln-chambers are continuously passed through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, and that the wet bricks on top of 'the kiln-chambers are simultaneously dried by theactionof waste heat.

lVhen a kiln-chamber having dried bricks within the. same and Wet or damp bricks 'on top of the same; is added to the rear end 1 of the train at the initial end of the tunnel, and the train advanced the length of one kiln-chamber, the forward kiln-chamber of the train emerges from the exit. end of the tunnel with hot .dried bricks thereon, and with burned brickstherein. And since preferably, as above suggested, the bricks are placed in the kiln-chan'iber in unit groups, suitable means for handling the bricks in unit groups are provided, which l'filIlOTQ the charge of bricks from within the kiln-cha1nher in one or more unit groups. This operation being performed by suitable 'apparatus, rather than removing. the bricks si fly by hand, the bricks 'CZULbQ removed while the kiln is still too hot to be entered by on top of the kili'rchanibcr lltili crably been placed. thereon in unit gr he said unit groups are lifted bodily 1*" h mm 0 units by suitable apparatus and placed with \I in the kiln through the open end thereof. Wet bricks-are then placed upon the kilnchamber, preferably in a unit group or groups, as before, and the kiln is then immediately returned to the initial end of the tunnel and attached to the rear end of the train, or the kiln may be charged or unloaded, and the bricks handled at any conbricks were introduced cold, are thus saved. A further and important advantage is; secured by having the bricks and the kilnchamber hot at the time. they are introduced into the train, and subjected to the action of the gases of combustion. These gases carry a considerable amount of moisture which would be condensed on the bricks if they were cold. This moisture would take up alarge amount of impurities carried by the gases of combustion, and when the moisture was again evaporated from the bricks as they were heated up, the impurities would remain on the burned bricks forming a white coatin known in the artas white wash.

' By havingthe bricks and kiln hot. when first subjected to the action of the gases of combustion, no condensation of the moisture on the bricks takes place, and the deposit of impurities and resultant whitewash is avoided.

A further advantage, due to the introduction of the hot kiln and hot bricks, "lies in the fact that the train itself and the inclosing tunnel need not be as long as would be required if the bricks and kiln-chambers were introduced at the initial end of the tunnel in a cold state, so that the cost of the plant is thus materially reduced.

The inventive idea involved in my method of drying, burning, cooling and handling bricks may be carried out with a variety of forms of apparatus, and for the purpose of assisting me in describing my. method, I have shown one form of apparatus in the accompanying drawings, but it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not limited to the use of the particular apparatus illustrated in the drawings, and that such apparatus is not intended to indicate the limits of the invention, reference being had to the claims for this purpose; Furthermore, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that certain steps of my novel method may be practised Without necessarily practising certain of the other steps. For example, the bricks may be heated up, burned and cooled according to my invention, even though the bricks may have been dried in any other approved Way, andv the appended claims are intended to cover and define such subprocesses or steps, as well as when the process is practised as awhole and in the preferred manner herein set forth.

)Vhile I have described producer gas as the fuel, either gas, oil, coal (preferably powdered) or other suitable fuel may be employed.

In the drawings illustrating one'form of the apparatuswhich I may employ in practising my invention,-Figure 1 is a broken plan view, and Fig. 2 a side elevation; Fig. 13 is an enlarged vertical sectional detail of 1/ the rear end of the train of kiln-chambers entering the initial end of the tunnel; Fig. 4 is a like view of the forward end of the train of kiln-chambers at the exit end of the tunnel; Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section taken at the combustion station 111- termediate the ends of the tunnel; Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 66 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a central longitudinal section of the train of kiln-chambers and the tunnel; Fig. 8 is a'perspectiie view of the transfer fork; Fig. 9 is a detail showing the joint closure; and Fig. 10 is a detail ,showing the means for coupling the kilnchambers together.

Referring to these drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like parts, 1 indicates an inclosing tunnel having a suitable track or way. 2 extending longitudinally therethrough, and 3 is a combustion supply station located intermediate the ends of the tunnel and provided with: any suitable or desired number (here shown as three) nozzles or other devices 4 for introducing the fuel through the Walls of the tunnel 1 and of, the kiln-chambers .into the distributing ducts 5 of the kiln-chambers. A gas producer G is connected by a suitable conduit 7 with the fuel supply stat-ion. On the track 2 extending through the tunnel is a train of wheeled kiln- chambers 8, 8, of suitable refractory material. These kiln-chambers are preferably of the crown-kiln type (an oval crown is shown, but a fly crown may be used), as shown in cross-section in Fig. 6,

and are closed at one end, shown in the presform a combustion chamber 11 in communica-,

tion with the distributing. ducts 5 through ports or openings 12. This flash wall 10 in the present instance extends entirely across the kiln-chamber and from the bottom there- .of upward, terminating short of the top or -crown of the chamber, so as to leave a free communication between the top of the combustion chamber 11 and the upper portion of the kiln-chamber. If desired, this flash wall' may be closed, or left open at its top and hottom, as shown. Suitable brick supports are arranged within the kiln-chambers 8 for supporting the bricks to be burned. These supports may be, and preferably are, in the form of longitudinally arranged ribs 17 of refractory material suitably spaced apart so as to leave fines or ducts 18 between them.

These ribs may be supported in any suitable way, andin the present instance are shown as resting upon the floors of the kiln-chambers, and the flues 18 between theribs areor may be in open communication with the bottoms of the fines or ducts 15.

\Vhile in the present instance, the fuel distributing ducts or flues 5 are shown at the bottom and at'the forward end of the kilnchambers, this particular location is not essential, since they maybe otherwise located and the combustion chamber correspondingly changed, but the arrangement shown is the one preferred.

Through the forward end wall of each of the kiln-chambers, a flue'or flues 19 is or may be provided communicating, as in the present instance, with the bottom of the combustion chamber 11, and through the top or 'crown of the kiln-chambers air-outlet flues 20 are formed, which are. provided with suitable closures or covers 21. One or more of such outlet flues maybe provided for each kiln-chamber, and as here shown, Fig. 6, there are-two of such lines. The covers 21 may be removed or placed in position by means of suitable rods or hooks introduced through openings 22, 22, in the side walls of f the tunnel 1.

Extending transversely or longitudinally on the top of the kiln-chambers are suitably spaced supporting ribs 23 for carrying the wet bricks. The rear face or end of the inclosing walls of the kiln-chambers has formed therein a suitable depression 24: (Fig. 9), for the reception'ofsuitable sealing plastic material, such asasbestos cement, and the forward or closed end wall of each kil n-section has a corresponding rib or projection 25 for entering the plasticmaterial inthe depression 24 when the kiln-chambers are butted together and coupled into the train, thus formmg a male and female joint. I

close ,the joint bet-ween the'hood and the.

kiln-chamber. This hood is mounted on a horizontal axis 29 (Fig. 1) so as to be on pable of swinging in a vertical plane to lift it out'of the way when a kiln-chamber is to be passed into the tunnel, as hereinafter described. The suction fan discharges through any suitable outlet, direotlyto the atmosphere or otherwise, as desired.

Arranged at the exit end of the tunnel is a suitable means, such as a fan 30, for producing a" forced draft, which fan, is connected by a suitable duct 31, with a hood 32, which extends across I the I rear end of the forward kiln-chamber in the train at the exit end of the tunnel. Thisv hood 32 is of such size and shape as to cover the flues, 19 leading into the combustion chambers 11, so that the air forced in by the fan 30 enters the kiln-chambers through the will be readily understood.

The tunnel 1 is provided at or near its initial end with a draft outlet, hereshown as a stack 33 (Fig. 3), and is provided at its initial end with a vertically adjustable gate or closure 34, preferably counterbalanced by aweight 35, andthe rear or exit end of the tunnel is provided with a like closure or gate 36 and 'counterbalancing weight 37 When these gates are in their raised position, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, they permit the passage of the kilns with the bricks on top thereof, and when thekilns have enflues 19 and the combustion chambers 11,.as

tered the tunnel, they are lowered and rest upon the upper surface of the kiln-chambers to close the ends of the tunnel, as will be readily understood. The space between the sides and bottom of the kiln-chambers and the tunnel walls and floor is closed by flexi- "ble shields 34 (Fig. 7'). I

Referring to Fig. 1, 38 is a transfer track extending, at right angles to the direction of' the tunnel and adjacent to the initial end thereof, and on'a plane below that of the track of the tunnel, as clearly shown'in Fig. 2, and 39 is a like transfer track extending transversely to the tunnel and on a plane below that of the track in thetunnel, while 40 is a track preferably on the same horizontal plane as the track in the tunnel, and parallel therewith, the tracks 38..a nd 39 extending past the ends ofthetrack 2 and the track 40. Upon the tracks 38 and 39 are suitable transfer trucks 41,. having short tracks or rails 42 extending transversely across the trucks, which tracks or rai1s are so spaced as to exactly register with and form extensions of the rails of the tracks 2 and 40', so that when the trucks are placed in a position opposite the tunnel, a "kiln-chamber resting. upon-the rails can be advanced off of the truck into the tunnel or out of the tunnel onto the truck, as the case may be, and likewise, the kilns may be readily transferred from or onto the track 40. Anysuitable means maybe employed for transferring the trucks from the point opposite the ends of the track 2 to the point opposite the ends of the'track 40.

For the purpose of-coupling the several kiln-chambers together into a continuous train when the closed end of one kilnchamber abuts the open end of the next kilnchamber in the train, any suitable coupling means may be provided. Preferably, a coupling which will act to draw the sections closely together and force the tongue. or male member 25 into the female member 24, is employed. As here shown, such coupling device consists of an eccentrically mounted hook 43 provided with a lever arm 44 on one of the kiln-chambers, which hook engages a pivoted link 45 mounted on the adjacent kiln-chamber (see Fig. 10). Any other suitable coupling means, however, may be employed.

Preferably, the wet bricks are mounted in unit groups 46, 46,- upon the supporting ribs or rails 23, and as here-shown, there are two of such unit-groups 46, which two groups together constitute a complete charge for the interior of'a kiln-chamber. These unit-groups may be originally stacked or constituted as such upon the tops of the kilnchambers, but preferably the wet bricks are stacked in unit-groups of the desired size at a suit-able station, and are then transferred as ,unit-groups from such station'to their position on top of the kiln-chambers.

This has the advantage that the hot kilnchamber does not have to remain out of the tunnel during the time that would be required to stack the unit-group's on the top thereof.

The unit-groups'of bricks, when the same have been dried, are transferred as unitgroups from the top of a kiln-chamber to the interior of a kiln-chamber, and preferably tothe interior of the same chamber u on which they'were dried, and when'the bricks are burned, they are preferably removedfrom the kiln-chamber as unit-groups, and deposited for storage or ina wagon or other suitable carrierfor removal.

For the purpose of handling thebricks in unit-groups as above described, suitable means are provided for lifting thev un it-'v groups of bri'cksonto and off ofthesupports! on top of the kiln-chambers, and for inserting the unit-groups as units within, and removing them from, the kiln chambers.

For this purpose, there is provided a series of vertically adjustable horizontal arms, which may be inserted between the rails or "ribs 23v on top' of the kilnchambers for placing the bricks in position upon the ribs 23, and when the weight of the bricks. is received by said ribs, the

horizontal .arms are slightly lowered and then withdrawn horizontally. Likewise, when the bricks are to be removed from the kiln-chambers, the horizontal arms are in: serted in the openings or spaces between the ribs 23, and are then raised or adjusted vertically so as to lift the unit group of bricks as a Whole. In the same way, the bricks are placed within the kiln-chambers by extending the horizontal arms into the open end of the kiln-chambers between the ribs for supporting the bricks therein, and are then slightly lowered and withdrawn horizontally, the reverse of this movement serving to remove the .bricks from the kiln-chamber. Any suitable means for effecting this function may be employed. As herein shown, there is arranged at the initial end of the tunnel 1 a, suitable overhead or elevated track '47 (Figs. 2 and 8), on which travels a truck 48, from which depends a chain or cable 49. A series of horizontally extending fingers or arms 50 so spaced as to permit the said fingers or arms to enter between the ribs 23 on top of. the kiln-chambers or the supporting ribs 17 within the kiln-chambers, are connected by suitable upright members .51 to an overhead horizontally extending member or members 52, the overhead members 52 and the lower arms 50 being preferably extended at approximately right-angles to the upright members 51." The whole is united into a kindof fork, by means of a suitable connecting member 53, 01. other--- wise, at the top, so as to 'forma rigid carryingdevice or structure, and mounted on the top thereof is a Windlass 54, around which chain 49 extends, which Windlass is secured to a shaft 55, which in turn carries a sprocket-wheel 56, over which extends an endless chain 57, which also passes around a lower sprocket-wheel 58, operated by a crank-handle 59. By operating the crankhandle 59, thechain 49 can be wound upon 'the indlass 54 or unwound therefromto raise or lower the forked carrier, whichis capable of being turned in a horizontal plane around the chain 49- as a'support', a suitable lever or handlesGO being provided for this purpose or this fork or lifting device may be attached to an overhead con ventional crane.

can be elevated into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, so as toextend the I forked arms 50 under-the pile of dried bricks 61 on 'top of thekiln chamber, and lift them therefrom as a un t group, after the male and v I into the tunneluntll the forward k1ln-chamwhich the truck 183 is run. rearward to the position shownin-full lines in Fig. 2, and the fork is then lowered into the position shown in said fulllines, when the truck 48 may be again advanced, thereby running the unit-group of dried bricks 61 into the kiln chamber 8 when, the forks being slightly lowered with the arms 50 in the spaces between the ribs or supports within the kiln-chamber, theunit-group of bricks comes to rest upon said ribs and the truck 48 being moved rearward, the fork is withdrawn and the second unit-group of bricks is then placed/within the kiln in the same manner.

It will be readily understood that instead of the horizontal fork 51'being advanced into and withdrawn from the kiln chamber,

the fork with its load of bricks might be permitted to remain stationary, and the kiln-chamber advanced to and from the fork carrying the bricks, the result in either event being the same, viz., that the unit- 3 group of bricks would be placed within the kiln-chamber, and such a methodof opera: tion would, therefore, be the equivalent of that in which the fork is advanced into the chamber and withdrawn therefrom as above described. 1

Operation: in operation, any suitable or desired number of kiln-chambers may be,

employed to form a train extending through the inclosed tunnel. As ordinarily employed, I prefer to make up a train of say twenty-four or more kiln-chambers, 'the 'iw closing tunnel being of such a length as to receive a train of this length, less one or inore chambers which may project out from each end of the tunnel.- 'lhekiln-chambers, with dried bricks therein and wet bricks thereon, are-advanced one at a time off of the trucks 41 onto the track 2 at the initial end of the tunnel, and the kiln-chambers coupled together as described, the sealing of the joints bein secured by the 'coaction of female members without the necessity of any particular labor or attention in connection therewith. A sufficient number of those kiln-chambers are thus connected together one at a time and advanced be! has reached thefirst fuel supply nozzle or means at the fuel supply station 3,when it,

is connected by such nozzle to the supply conduit, so that the fuel therefrom is permitted to enter the distributing duct or passage 5, and from thence supplied to 'the'combustion chamber 11 through the ports 12. The train remains'at rest for a suitable pe riod of time, which I find to be approximately' from 30 minutes to'one hour, according to the nature of the ole after which the fuel nozzle is disconnecte from the forward kiln. an additional kiln is attached to the rear end of the train at the initial sed,

- of the tunnehand the entire train advanced so as to bring the forward kiln opposite the second fuel supply nozzle, when it and the kiln-chamber immediately to the rear thereof are connected to the second and first nozzles respectively, and the train remains at rest, and the burning in the two forward chambers proceeds simultaneously. After a. proper time, the train is again advanced the length of one kiln-chamber, another kiln-cha1nber is added to the rear, and the forward three kiln-chambers are then connected to the vanced the length of one kiln-chamber, there.

is one kiln pushedfrom the exit end of the tunnel, and another one added'at the initial end thereof. f i

' Each of the kiln-chambers enters the'tunnel preferably with unit-groups wet bricks on. top thereof, and the fines or air outlets 20 are closed by the closures or 'cov.

' ers 21, and the suction fan 26' is in operation so as to cause a suction-draft from the fuel "supply station rearward through the kilnoharnbers. This causes the gases of combus tion as they pass out of the combustion chambers to extend into the space at the crown of the kiln-chamber and to descend uniformly downward through the spaces between the dried bricks within the kiln-chamber, and, when the flue 15 is employed, also causes gases of combustion to pass through the lines 13, 15 and 16, and alsoout through the lower opening 10 .to the space beneath the bricks; Thevgases whether passing to the crown at the top or taking any other.

course, by this means are uniformly distributed throughout the kiln-chamber, so that all the bricks therein are subjected'to a uniform burning action. I After passing downward around and between the bricks, the hot p'roducts of combustion pass through the fines 12 at the bottom of the kiln-chamber, and enter the combustion chamber ll of the next kiln-chamber in the rear, and so on throughout the length of the train, until they reach the hood 28, where; they are drawnfoff by the suction draft. It will thus be perceived that the bricks upon the top of the kiln-chambers are efi'ectively shielded from the action of the products of combustion, which latter come only in contact with the dried brickswithin the kiln-chambers. After the kilmohambers. one byone have passed the final fuel supply nozzle at the combustion station the tiues 20 are uncovered or opened, and the forced draft from the fan 30 forces a cooling draft of air through the spaces between the hot bricks, serving to cool the same, the air in turn becoming heated as the result of the heat ab.- sorbed from the bricks, after which the greater portion of it passes outward through the air outlets or tlues 20 into the exterior space of the tunnel, and through the unitgroups of bricks on top of the kiln-chambers.

The kiln-chambers are thus advanced step by step through the tunnel, and when the foremost kiln-chambers, say the forward two, approach the exit end of the tunnel, the air outlet flues 20 are preferably again closed, thus preventing the cold air which has only passed through the kiln-chambers containing bricks that are almost cooled from coming in contact with the dry bricks on top of the kiln-chambers. These dry bricks on top of the kiln-chamber at this point are quite hot, and it is desirable to retain some of the heat in the bricks until they are placed Within the hot kiln-chamber, and it also is desirable to bring this air to a higher temperature by passing same through chambers of a higher temperature before allowing such air to enter the drying chamber, as hereinafter described.

During the process of combustion, not only the bricks within the kiln-chambers become highly heated and burned, but the sid'e, top and bottom walls of the kiln-chambers themselves become highly heated and radiate a very considerable amount of heat from their exterior surfaces. which is recovv ered and utilized for heating up the drying chamber or the tunnel exterior to the kilnchamber, and this heat. in connection with the air driven in by the forced draft over the hot bricks and through the air outlets 20 into the tunnel, serves to efl'ectively dry the bricks which were wet at the initial end of the tunnel, and this air, with the moisture which is absorbed from the bricks, then passes outward through the stack 33.

W'hen the foremost kiln-chamber makes its exit from thetunnel, the bricks on top thereof are dry but not cold. The bricks within the kiln-chamber are burned and comparatively cool. and the kiln-chamber itself, by reason of its thick walls, is yet quite hot. This kiln-chamber is run upon the truck 41 at the exit end of the tunnel and shifted onto the track 40, and thence onto the truck ll on the trackylS. The burned bricks may be taken from the kilnchamber at any suitable point, but preferably ihey are removed therefrom at the point where-the kiln-chamber passes from the track 40 to the truck on the track 48, by means of the lifting fork or fingers 50, and deposited in a wagon or other suitable carrier. The hot dried bricks on top of the kiln-chamber are then removed by the fork 50,and placed within the kiln-chamber, and wet bricks, preferably in unit-groups, are placed on top of the kiln-chamber; the latter is then advanced to the initial end of the tunnel. attached to the train, and reinserted into the'tunnel while the kiln-chamber and i the bricks therein still retain a very considerable amount of heat.

As the kiln-chambers pass from the initial end of the tunnel forward therethrough to the exit end of the tunnel. the bricks are passed first'through a heating up zone. the heat being derived from the products of combustion drawn rearward through the train, and by the time they arrive at the burning station. they are highly heated. and thus the time consumed in .the burning function itself is shorter than would be the case if the bricks reached this station in a cold condition.- The bricks are then passed through the burning zone, and after being burned. they are then passed forward through that portion of the tunnel extending from the burning station to the exit end 1 thereof, which portion constitutes a cooling zone. the bricks being cooled by the forced draft of cold'air entering at the forward end of the train. Simultaneously with this passing of the bricks within the kiln-chambers, through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, the wet bricks on top of the kiln- =chamber are passed rearward through the tunnel in a drying atmosphere derived from v the waste heat radiated from the kiln-chambers constituting the train and that radiated from the burned bricks and absorbed by the column of cooling air under pressure. And during all this time. the bricks on top-of the kilnchambers have been effectively shielded from the products ofcombustion.

Moreover, by passing the bricks to be dried, through a gradually increasing temperature I and then through a gradually decreasing temperature, it possible to raise the drying bricks to a very high ten1perat1ire,and i still have the bricks at the time when they make their exit from the tunnel sufiiciently phere will not injuriously affect the same. Without the gradually decreasing temperature step. it would not be practicable to'employ so high, and hence so effective. a drying temperature asI am enabled to utilize. This is a natter of much importance in the practical operation of the system.

It will be noted that the opening in each kiln-chamber through which bricks are in sorted and removed from such chamber, is closed in forming *the train without the employment of any material other than that forming a part of the kiln-chamber itself, or without any additional labor other than that incident to coupling the kiln-chambers cool so that contact with the external atmostogether. Furthermore, after the bricks have been burned, the kiln-chamber is opened for the removal of the bricks by simply detaching the kiln-chamber from the train. The importance of this lies in the fact that the labor and materialheretofore necessarily incident to closing a kiln-chamber of a series for burning and in opening the same to remove the burned bricks, are entirely eliminated. Moreover, this is all accomplished in such a manner that any possible leakage of cold air into the kiln-chamber through the jointmust necessarily be drawn through the combustion chamber and be heated by the products of combustion before coming in direct contact with the bricks, thus avoiding the injurious eifect that the cold air would have if it came in contact with the highly heated bricks.

I claim .r

1. The method of burning bricks which consists in placing heated dried bricks in a heated kiln-chamber, and then passing the bricks while within the kiln-chamber continuously through a heating up and a burning zone.

The method of burning bricks which consists in placing heated dried bricks in a heated kiln-chamber, and then passing the bricks while within the kiln-chamber continuously through a heating up, aburning and a cooling zone. I

The method of drying, burning and cooling bricks, which consists in continuously passing dried bricks through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, and simultanecusly subjecting wet bricks to the action of waste heat derived from the cooling of the burned bricks.

4. The method of drying and burning bricks. which consists in continuously passing dried bricks through a heating up and a burning Zone, and simultaneously subjecting wet bricks to waste heat from the heating up and burning process While shielding the wet bricks from the products of combustion.

The continuous method of burning bricks. which consists in passing the bricks through a heating up, a burning, and a cooling zone while subjecting the heating up zone to a suction draft and the cooling zone.

to a forced draft.

6. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks, which consists in passing dried bricks through a heating up.a burning and a cooling zone, and wet bricks through a drying atmosphere while subjecting the heating up zone to. a. suction draft, and the'cooling zone and the drying zone to a forced draf I 7. The continuous methcd of drying, burning and cooling bricks, which consists in subjecting dried bricks to hot products of combustion in a heating up and a burning I zone. passing an air draft between the burned bricks, and then between the wet bricks. while shielding the wet bricks from the products of combustion.

8. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in simultaneously j heating up a kiln and drying wet bricks by burning a suitable fuel within the kiln While shielding the wet bricks from the products of combustion. and then placing the dried bricks within the heated kiln-chamber and passing both through a heating up and a burning zone. i

9. The process of dryin through a heating up and a burning zone and simultaneously passing wet bricks through an atmosphere gradually increasing in temperature and gradually decreasing in moisture.

10. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in passing dried bricks through a heating up and a burning zone and simultaneously passing wet bricks through an atmosphere whose temperature gradually increased by waste heat derived from the burning operation.

bricks which consists in passing dried bricks through a heating up and a burning zone and simultaneously passing wet bricks through a warm moist atmosphere whose moisture gradually decreases and whose temperature is radually increased by waste heat due to the urning operation.

12. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in simultaneously and continuously passing dried bricks to be burned and wet bricks to be dried through an inclcsure, subjecting the dried bricks to products of combustion to burn the same and the wet bricks to heat due to the burning operation to dry the same while shielding the wet bricks from the products of combustion. 13. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in placing wet bricks upon and exterior to a kiln'-chamber,subjecting said chamber interiorly to heated products ofcombustion while passing it through an inclosure, then placing the bricks within the kiln-chamber and subjecting them to the direct burning action of the products of combustion while again passing the kilnchamber through said tunnel.

14. The process of treating bricks which consists in moving bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a bu'rning and a cooling zone, the bricks to be dried belng separated and shielded from the products of combustion in the burning zone. v 15. A process of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in passing bricks and burning bricks, winch consists in passing dried bIlCkS.

11. The process of drying and burning to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning. and a cooling zone, shielding the bricks to be dried from the di rect heat of the burning zone and submitting t the bricks to be dried to the direct waste heatafter passing through the burning zone.

16. The process of treatingbricks which consists in moving bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously in the same direction through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, the bricks to be driedbeing separated and shielded from the products of combustion in the burning zone, the shield being moved simultaneously with the bricks to be dried and bricks to be burned.

17. The process of treating bricks which consists in moving bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, the bricks to be dried being separated and shielded from the products of combustion in the burning zone, and unloading the bricks in unit groups.

18. A process of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in passing bricks to be burned and-bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heat' ing up, a burning and a cooling zone, shielding the bricks to be dried from the direct heat of the burning zone, and submitting the bricks to be dried to the direct waste heat after passing through the burning zone, and unloading the bricks in unit groups.

19. The process of treating bricks which consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up. a burning and a cooling zone, shielding the bricks to be dried from the products of combustion, submitting the bricks to be dried to a gradually rising temperature. then to a gradually descending temperature. cooling the burned bricks, unloading the burned bricks in unit groups, replacingthe burned bricks by dried bricks, substituting for the dried bricks undried bricks, and repeating the operation.

20. The process of treating bricks which consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone. shielding the bricks to be dried from the products of combustion, submitting the bricks to be dried to a gradually rising temperature. then to a gradually descending temperature, cooling the burned bricks, unloading the burned bricks, replacing the burned bricks by the dried bricks, substituting for the dried bricks undried bricks, and repeating the operation.

21. A continuous process of drying, burning. cooling and handling bricks in unit groups which consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, submitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heat from the cooling of the burned bricks, unloading the burned and cooled bricks, re-

placing the burned bricks by the dried bricks and repeating the operation.

22. A continuous process of drying, burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a .tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, summitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heat from the cooling bricks, unloading the burned and cooled bricks in unit groups, replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks, substituting for the dried bricks undried bricks and again passing said bricks through the zones and repeating the operation.

23. A continuous process of drying, burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burn ing and a cooling zone, submitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heat from the cooling bricks, unloading the burned and cooled bricks, replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks, substituting for the dried bricks un-- dried bricks and repeating the operation.

24. A continuous process of drying, burning, COOllIlQ' and handling bricks in unit.

groups whicn consists in passing-bricks to be burned and brlcks to be dried simultane ously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone,

submitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heat from the burning zone and to the waste heat from the cooling bricks, unloading the burned and cooled bricks in unit groups, replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks. substituting for the dried bricks un-' burned bricks by dried bricks. replacing the a dried bricks by undried bricks and again passing said bricks through the zones and repeating the operation continuously.

26. An improved method of treating bricks which consists in passing bricks in loads to .be burned and bricks in loads to be dried simultaneously inithe same direction through cooled bricks in unit groups, replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks, replacing the dried bricks by undried bricks and again passing said bricks through said tunnel and repeating the operation continuously.

27. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks, gradually moving the bricks while within, said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone, and removing the bricks in unit groups from the said kiln chambers.

28. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable. kiln-chambers with bricks, gradually moving the bricks while within said. chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone, and removing the bricks in unit groups from the said kilnchambers.

29. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable-kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks, gradually moving the bricks while within said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone, and removing the bricks from the said kilnchambers.

30. The method of burning and cooling bricks which consists in loading unburned bricks in unit groups within a series of connectible, movable kiln-chambers, creating an artificial draft from end to end of said series, passing the bricks while within the chamber through a heating zone, then through a burning zone and finally through a cooling zone andremoving the burned bricks in unit groups, the said progressive movements being in the reverse direction to the movement of the artificial draft.

31. The method of burning and cooling bricks which consists in loading unburned bricks Within a series of connectib'l'e, movable kiln-chambers, providing andmaintaining an artificial draft from end to end of said series, passing the bricks while Within said chambers through a heating zone, then through a burning zone, and finally through a coo-ling zone, and removing the burned bricks in unit groups, the said progressive movements being in the reverse direction to the movement of the artificial draft.

The method of burning and cooling GO'bricks whichconsists in loading unburned bricks in unit roups Within a series of con nectible, movable kiln-chambers, providing and maintaining an artificial draft from end to end of said series, passing the bricks while within the chambers through a heat ing zone, then through a burning zone and finally through a cooling zone and removing the burned bricks, the said progressive movements being in the reverse direction to the movement of the artificial draft.

The method of burning, cooling and handling br1cks which consists in placing unburned bricks in unit groups within movable, connectible, intercommunicable kiln.- chambers connecting the chambers together, creating an artificial draft in one direction through the series of chambers, moving the bricks while within the chambers progressively in the opposite direction to the move ment of the draft through a heating up zone, then through a burning zone, and then through a cooling zone, and finally removing the burned bricks in unit groups from the kiln-chambers.

34. The method of burning, cboling and .handlingbricks which consists in placing unburned bricks within movable, connectible, intercommunicable kiln-chambers, con-- necting the chambers together, creating an artificial draft in one direction through the chambers, moving the bricks while within said chambers progressively in a direction opposite to that of the draft through a heating up zone, then through a burning zone, and then through a cooling zone and finally removing the cooled bricks in unit groups from the kiln-chambers.

35. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in placing unburned bricks in unit groups Within movable, connectible, intercommunicable kilnchambers, connecting the chambers'together, ereating an artificial draft in one direction through the chambers, moving the bricks while Within said chambers progressively in the opposite direction to the draftthrough a heating up zone, then through a burning zone, then through a cooling zone, and finally removing the cooled bricks from the. kiln-chambers.

36. The method of treating bricks which consists in placing bricks in unit groups horizontally into a series of intercommunicable kiln-chambers provided with fixed crowns, burning and cooling the bricks-pr'o- I gressively and removing the bricks in unlt groups horizontally from the kiln-chambers.

37. The method of treating bricks which consists in placing bricks in a series of intercon'imunicable kiln'chambers provided with fixed crowns, burning and cooling the bricks progressively and removing the bricks in unit groups horizontally from the kiln-chambers.

38. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in progressively loading movable fixed crown kilnchambers with bricks'in unit groups to be burned, gradually moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heat-z and through a cooling zone, and removing the bricks in unitgroups from the said kiln chambers.

39. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in progressively loading a seriesof openended movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks, gradually moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone, and finally removing the bricks in unit groups from the open ends of the kiln-chambers.

40. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in progressively loading a series of-openended movable kiln-chambers with bricks, gradually moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone, and finally removing the bricks in unit groups from the open ends of the kiln-chambers.

41. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of 'movable kiln-chambers by lifting the bricks in unit groups horizontally into said chambers, moving said bricks while within. said chambers through a heat zone, and through a cooling zone and finally removing the bricks in unit groups horizontally from said chambers.'

42. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consist in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of dried bricks, moving'said bricks while within said chambers through a heatzone and through a cooling zone and removing the bricks in unit'groups from the chambers before the kiln-chambers have cooled, and reloading the warm kiln chambers with unit groups of dried bricks to be again passed through the zones.

43. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers with dried bricks, moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and removing the bricks in unit groups from the chambers before the kiln-chambers have cooled and reloading the warm'kiln-chambers With dried bricks in unit groups to be again passed through the zones.

44. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of vmovable kiln-chambers with dried bricks in unit groups, moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and removing bricks from the chambers before the kiln-chambers have entirely cooled, and reloading the warm kiln-chambers with dried bricks in unit groups to be again passed through the zones.

45. The process of burning, coolin handling bricks which consists in'loa ing a and a series of warm movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of warm bricks, moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heatzone and then through a. cooling zone and finally removing the bricks from the chambers while said chambers are. warm and reloading said cars with "unit groups of warm bricks to be again passed through'the zones.'

.47. The method of burning bricks, which consistsin placing dried bricks in separate, connectible kiln-chambers on wheels, pass-' ing the kiln-chambers through a tunnel, creating a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, and causing a draft to flow through the series of connected chambers in ,a'continuous up and down direction, substantially as described.

48. The method of drying and burning bricks, which consists 'in placing dried bricks in separate, connectible kiln-chambers on wheels, placing wet bricks on said kilnchambers exterior thereto, connecting said chambers into a train, passing the train progressively through a tunnel, creating in said train a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, and causing a draft to flow through the train in a continuous upward and downward course, whereby the bricks in the train are heated up burned and cooled, and the .wet bricks on the exterior of the chambers are dried by the waste heat from the burn- -heat from the kiln-chambers in the heating up and burning zones, and by the direct heat from the cooling bricks zone.-

'50. The process of burning bricks, which consists in placing dried bricks within a in the cooling train; of kilnscha'mbers connected by flues,

, bricks passing said train step by ste through an inclosing tunnel, progressive y supplying products of combustion to one or more of said chambers intermediate the ends of the train, and passing a draft through said' an atmosphere gradually increasing in tem- )erature and 'raduall decreasing in moist I D are.

53. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in passing bricks through a heating up and a burning zone and simultaneously passing bricks through an atmosphere whose temperature is gradually increased by waste heat derived from the burning operation.

54. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricks within a kilnchamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof, closing said opening by connecting said chamber with another kilnchamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamber through a heating up zone, and afterward removing the bricks from the kilnchamber.

The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricks within a kilnchamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof, simultaneously closing and sealing said opening by connecting said chamber with another kiln-chamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamber through aheating up zone. and afterward removing the bricks from the kiln-chamber. The method of reating bricks, which consists in placing bricks to be burned within akiln-chamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof, closing said opening by connecting the said chamber with another kiln-chamber, moving the while within the kiln-chamber through a burning zone, and afterward removing the bricks from the kiln-chamber.

5-7. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricks to be burned within a kiln-chamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof, simulta neously'closing and sealing said opening by connecting said chamber with another kilnchamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamber through a burning zone, and afterward removing the bricks from the kiln-chamber.

58. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricks within a kilnchamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof, closin said opening by connecting said kiln-chain er with another kiln-chamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamber through a heating up zone, afterward opening the kiln-chamber by separating the same from its adjacent kiln chamber, and finally removing the bricks.

59. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricksto be burned within a kiln-chamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof, closing said opening by connecting said chamber with another kiln-chamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamber through a burning zone, opening the kiln-chamber by separating the same from its adjacent kiln-chamber, and finally removing the burned bricks.

60. The method of treating bricks which consists in placing bricks in unit groups horizontally into a series of intercommunicable kiln-chambers provided with fixed crowns, burning and cooling the bricks progressively and removing the bricks from the kiln-chambers.

61. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in progressively loading movable fixed crown kilnchambers with bricks to be burned, gradually moving said chambers through a heat Zone and through a cooling zone and removing the bricks in unit groups from the said kiln-chambers.

62. The method of burning, cooling and,

handling bricks which consists in progressively loading movable fixed crown kiln.- chambers with bricks in unit groups to be burned, gradually moving said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and removing the bricks from the said kiln chambers.

63. The continuous process of burning,

cooling and handling bricks which consists in progressively loading a series, of open ended movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks, gradually moving said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and finally removing the bricks from the open ends of the kiln-chambers.

G l. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers by lifting the bricks into said chambers, moving said chambers through'a heat zone, and through a cooling zone-and finally're moving the bricks in unit groups horizontally from said chambers.

G5. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers by lifting the bricks in unit groups horizontally into said chambers, movingsaid chambers through a heat zone, and through a cooling zone and finally removing the bricks from said chambers.

66. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in placing in each of a series of movable crownkilnchambers one unit group of bricks, moving the chambers progressively through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and unloading the kiln-chambers in unit groups.

67. The process of burning, cooling and handling Bricks which consists in placing in each of a series of movable crown kilnchambers bricks, moving the chambers progressively through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and unloading the kiln-chain hers in unit groups.

68. The process of' burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in placing in each of. a series of movable crown kilnchambers one unit group of bricks, moving the chambers progressively through a heat zone and through a cooling zone and unloading the kiln-chambers.

69. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks, moving said .chamb'ers through a heat zone and then through a cooling zone and finally removing the bricks from the chambers while said chambers are warm and reloading said cars with unit groups of bricks to be again passed through the zones.

70. The art of drying, burning and cooling bricks by a continuous processfrom a single source of heat, which consists in placing dried bricks within a series of traveling kiln-chambers, placing green bricks to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln-chambers progressively through zones of varying degrees of temperature, disconnecting the kiln-chambers from one end of the series, unloading said chambers, reloading said chambers with dried and green bricks, again passing the chambers through the zones, and repeating the process continuously.

71. The continuous process of drying, cooling and burning bricks which consists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln-chambers with dried bricks to be burned and cooled, placing undried bricks to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving the bricks in said kiln-chambers progressively through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks from within the kilnchambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers into the kilnchambers, again placing undried bricks on the tops of the kilns, and passing the kilns thus loaded againthrough thelzones, and repeating the operation.

72. The continuous process of dryin cooling and burning bricks which consists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln chambers with dried bricks in unit groups to be burned and coo-led, placing undried bricks in unit groups to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving the kiln chambers progressively through an inclosure provided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks in unit. groups from within the kilnchambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers into the kiln- "ch-ambers, again placing undried bricks in unit groups on the tops of the kiln-chambers, and repeating the operation.

73. The continuous process of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln-chambers with dried bricks to be burned and cooled, placing undried bricks to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving the kiln-chambers progressively through an inclosure provided with a heating up,.and a cooling zone and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks in unit groups from within the kiln-chambers,transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers into the kiln-chambers, again placing undried bricks on the tops of the kiln-chambers, and repeating the operation.

74. The continuous process of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln-chambers with dried bricks in unit groups to be burned and cooled, placing undried bricks to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving the kiln-chambers progressively through an inclosure provided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks within said chambers through a heating'up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks from within the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers into the kiln-chambers, again placing undried bricks on the tops of the kilns, and repeating the operation.

75. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in a series of travelin crown kiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the said kiln-chambers, passing the kiln-chambers and the undried bricks *through an inclosure provided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks from within the kilnchambers, transferring the dried bricks from above the kiln-chambers to within the kilnchambers, placing undried bricks above the kiln chambers, and repeating the operation.

76. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in unit groups in a series of traveling crown kiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the said kilnchambers, passing-the kiln-chambers and undried bricks through an inclosure provided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks in unit groups from within the kiln-chambers and the dried bricks from the tops to within the kiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the kiln-chambers, and repeating the operation.

77. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in a series of traveling crown kiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the said kiln-chambers, passing the kiln-chambers and the undried bricks through an inclosure provided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks in unit groups from within the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from above the kiln-chambers to within the kiln-chambers, again placing undried bricks above the kilnchambers, and repeating the operation.

i8. The continuous method of drying,

burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in unit groups in a series of traveling'crown kilnchambers, placing undried bricks above the said kilnchambers, passing the kiln-chambers and the undried bricks through an inclosure pro-- vided with a heating up zone and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks in unit groups from within the kiln-chambcrs, transferring the dried bricks from above the kiln-chambers to within the kilnchanibers, again placing undried' bricks above the kiln-chambers, and repeating the operation.

79. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in traveling kilnchambers, placing green bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln-. chambers through an inclosure provided with a heating up zoneand a cooling zone,

and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, using air from the kiln-chambers in the cooling zone to aid in drying the green bricks, removing the burned cooled bricks from within the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops ofthe kilnchambers to the interior thereof, and re peating the operation continuously;

80. The icontinuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in' placing dried bricks in unit groups in traveling "kiln-chambers, placing green bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln-chambers through an inclosure provided with a heating up zone and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, using air from the kilnchambers in the cooling zone to aid in drying the bricks on top of the kiln-chambers, removing the cooled burned bricks in unit groups from within the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers to the interior thereof, and repeating the operation continuously.

81. 'lhe'continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in traveling kilnchambers, placinggreen bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln through an inclosure provided with a heating up zone and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, using air from the kiln-chambers in the cooling zone to aid in drying the bricks on top of the kiln-chambers, removing the cooled burned chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers to the interior and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through a heatlng up, a burning bricks in unit groups from within the kilnclosure provided with a heating up zone,

and a cooling zone, using air from the kilnchambers in the cooling zone to aid in drying the bricks on top of the kiln-chambers, removing the cooled burned bricks in unit groups from" within the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers to the interior thereof, and repeating the operation continuously.

83. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks in unit groups in traveling kiln-chambers, placing green bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers,

a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chamhere through a, heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, using air from the kiln chambers in the cooling zone to aid in drying the bricks on top oft-he kiln-chambers, removing the cooled burned bricks from i within the kiln-chambers. transferring the moving said kiln-chambers through an in closure provided with a heating'upzone and

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