US1041289A - Device for governing the speed of water-turbines. - Google Patents

Description

A. HUGUENIN.

DEVICE POR GOVBRNING THE SPEED OF WATER TURBINES.

APPLICATION EILBD JUNE 13, 1912, a 1,041,289, Patented 0015.151912.

llNlillt i tlLlBElfl SWITZERLAND.

Environ Fon Govnalvvo THE SPEED F Wariitwr'onnnns. Leiljl, S9801fimi-idiiviif-eliersPatent. Paientedct. illtli..

Application led .Tune 13, l9l2. Serial Il'o. 70,35%. i .To all whom it may concern.' i ment is explained below with reference to Be it known that l, Annnn'r l-l'UnUnNiN, a the examples shown in the accompanyiner citizen of the Swiss litepublicS res'ling' at iflrawing. Zrich, inthe Swiss Republic7 have invented A ln lfigjure l a` partI of the wheel l of a new and useful improvements in Devices lfelton-iurbine is shown, 2 being the nozzle 60 for Governing the Speed ci lVater-'lurby which the water jet is directed against bines, ol which the following is a speciticathe turbine wheel l. The pin 3 closes the tion. section of said nozzle 2 more or less and The invention relates to irnnr vements in regulates the Water energy at disposal acdevices for defiecting the nomi! of tree jet cordinaf to the power required by the tnr- Water turbines when said turbines are sud bine. For moving the pin 3 for normal denly unloaded. punch turbines are usually loading' and unloading' conditions the folgoverned by causingy the n' ,er jet to be lowing mechanism can be adopted: By any quicklyrnioved away from the turbine Wheel, auxiliary engine which is under 'the inlluwhen said wheel is suddenly unloaded, by ence of a l`qovernor the rod 4- is moved hori- P then gradually reducing' the cross section of zontally baclnvard and forward so that the the nozzle and moving the uit tnus reduced lever 5 is 'turned about the lixed axls 6.

back to act on the wheel. The object` of The lever .''nioves through the agency of such devices is to prevent the turbine from the connecting' rod 'Y a iframe 8, which, by

`racing and the water pipe from being' closed means ot' the collar 9, pulls the rod l0 and 75 too quickly, so thatundesirable high prestherefore also the needle 3 toward the left. sures are avoided. ln order to enable the lit the bottom end oi the lever 5 is turned Water jet to act on the turbine Wheel in a toward the right, and accordingly moves fullyeffeetive way for overcoming` the full the frame 8 also toward the right through load, its middle axis must be at a certain the agency the connecting rod 7, said distance from the axis oit' the vWheel. lithis lranze will release, the collar 9, so that it distance is maintained not only for 'the full will also be tree to move in the same .direcload but also for a lower l. ich that is to say, tion, and this movement is effected by the for Water jets havingr a larger and smaller spring ll actingl on the piston l2 and thus scctioln there is danger that on suddenly re also on `the rod l()l to which the needle 3 is 85 ducingr an average load the Water jet, in attached. The piston 12 moves in a fixed spite of the devint-ing device being put into cylinder 1S Alilled with a retarding liquid, action at once, will still act too long on the tor example oil. Said piston has a comparturbine Wheel and produce an undesirably atively large opening'. which so closed by high speed ot the same. the turbine is a valve lll that the movement of the piston coupled with "a dynamo, for example, Ian from the right toward the left requires electric current of excessively high tension conu'iaratively little powerr even when it will be produced. This drawback is to be 'taires place quickly. 'becausey the oil on the avoided according to the present` invention. left side of vthe piston l2 can pass `With For this purpose the jet deviating device is slight resistance past the valve 14e to the 95 so` operated as to be moved more quickly right. side oi the piston. lWhen however `finto the jet accordingr as the load which is thepiston lJ is moved trom the left toward suddenly reduced or entirely removed is the rient the valve il will close the opening smaller. lt the previous, 'iermanent load partly or entirely. so that ithe oil on the was also the normal one the deviatmg' deright side ol the piston l2 can only pass 100 vice is moved with a certain speed toward through smaller openings which may be and 'beyond the middle oit the `j et. Thisy provided in the piston or between the small speed of movement is quicker when, for en# space left between the circlunierence of the ample, the'y permanent load `was equal to piston l2 and the cylinder 13. Under the half of the normal load, and is still quicker influence of the springl,l..the piston it? and when the turbine'was working.Y at about a accordingly also the pin 3 can only be quarter of the normal load, previous tobc-l vslmvly moved :toward the right, While a ing' suddenly unloaded. llovf the'deviating movement toward the left, as above men- :device .is moved. and what mechanism is tioned. can takeilaoe without anv essential preferably used ttor obtaining this moveresistance. This device .ailfords security 119 restrict the supply of water to the a too quick closing ot' the nozzle 2 bv the pin 3, and therefore avoids a sudden and dangerous increase ot the pressure due to throttlingg'oiz the water.

The device above described can be used alone when the loading and particularly the unloading of the turbine takes placehnt comparatively slowly. lli, on the other hand, the unloading' takes place suddenly a device must. be'used to detleet the water jet away frm the turbine wheel as quicltl y as possible and to allow it to gradually return to the Wheel, the s ction of the nozzle Q, being' in the meantime slowly reduced by the needle 3 moving` slowly ttnvard the right. ln Fig. 1 a deviating device 153 is .shown by way ot example which when the turbine is suddenly unloaded cuts o'ti" a part or all of the water ln its posit-ici. oil rest the device l?? always occupies the same position, in which it 'ly touches the )et o''lavgest diameter.

denly reduced a sullices to thus to wheel 1. lli1 however the unloading ot the turbine taires place when it working against a smaller load, for example, about one fourth of the maximum load, so that 'the water iet only has halt' its maximum diameter, the

.li' tlxs maximum load is sud small movement of the device. 15 cut on a part of the water Jet and front edge othe deviating' device lo must pass through'a certain distance before it touches the jet and begins to cut oli' the supply of water to the wheel. Be'torethis takes place the jet has the opportunity to accelerato the speed ol the unloaded wheel l to an extent which may be. dangerous for the turbine itself or 'for the machines or other apparatus driven thereby. This didiculty however' is overcome by the present invention. ln all cases in which a turbine is workinfr at less than the full load when unloaded so that. the Yatei' iet has a smaller diameter than its normal one` the deviatiug' device l5 is caused to be moved with a much higher. speed than when the water jet has its lull normal diameter. Consequently the distance between the front edge of the device l5 and the water jet is moved through in lesst'imo. The smaller water jet, therefore deliected so quickly that it has no opportunity to accelerate the speed of the turbine wheel beyond an allowable point. The device preferably used 'for this purpose is described below with reference to l, it being' understood that other constructions may he en'iployed within the scope ot my in vention. To the lever 5, which turns about the pivot (i, isy secured a second arm 1G which extends npivard. rlhis arm has a cannsliay e and rolls against the lever t3 adapted to turn about the fixed axis 17. lt the lever l?) is moved about the axis G in the opposite direction to the hands of a clot-l:` the lever 18 will be turned in the same direction as lautres@ the hands of a clock. Said lever 18 moves,

through the a gency of the connecting rod 19, the piston 20 toward the left: in the cylinder 21. This cylinder 21 is filled on both sides of the p'iston 20 with a retardingr liquid, for example oil. lit the piston Q0 is moved t0- ward the left su'hciently slowly the liquid on the left side ot the piston can passl through a pipe 22 toward the right end of the cylinder. The throttling action exercised by the iixed spindle 22 is comparatively small and is only increased when the lever 16, by means of the lever 18 and connecting' rod 19, produces a quick movement oit the piston toward the left. At the same time the piston 2O exercises, through the agency of the retarding liquid on the left side thereof, such wall of the cylinder 21, that this cylinder is moved toward the lett, being guided on the iixed supports 24, 25. The cylinder 21 is closed toward the right by a cover 26, to' which the connecting' rod 27 is attached, which, when the cylinder Q1 is moved as just explained. moves the deviatiug device 15 in the opposite direction According to the position ofthe cam-lever 16 in regard to the cam--lever 18 thepurchase between the two levers is altered. If, 'for example, the lever 1G is supposed to. be uniformly turned, the lever 18 will move with an increasing' angular velocity, that is, it will move at the lowest angular velocity, when it touchesthe lever 16 at the point a and at the highest velocitywhen it touches said lever at e. The contact between the levers at I), c and (Z produces angular velocities of the lever 1S which lie between the two extremes. 'l he Contact of the levers at the points a, o, c. /Z and e corresponds withv the positions A, l, (l, D and Eloi the lever or, for example, with the full load, ly, 3; thereof, or with a completely unloaded condition.

Fig. 2 shows a diagram showing the dependence of the angular velocity of the lever 1S from the momentary position ofthe lever 5, supposing that the latter turns at" a uniform angular velocity in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock. If the lever or its lower end is in the position A or ll, C or l), represented by the absoiss, then the angular speed transferred by it to the lever IS A-a, llwb, C--o or D-d' (ordinates). It the turbine is suddenly unloaded whih` working' at a tnll load (the lever 5 being at A) the lever 1S will firstly be moved with the angular speed A-o, which increases up to and beyond Dmfl'. If the monwntanvy permanent load is only half of the normal load (the lever being at C) thon the angular speed with which the level' 1S. on being suddenly unloaded. will be moved. is tirs-tlv equal to Gmc and increase gradually up to and beyond D-(Z. For

a pressure on the leftto the hand of a clock.

ine-inse such sudden unloading of the turbine the le- Ver 1S is therefore moved with t greater engular velocity when the permunent loud was only or or even less of the normal load. If now rthe lever 18 were rigidly connected with the deviuting device this` device i' wouldbe moved too fur into the jet when the turbine is unloaded from the full loud, supposing that the proportions of the lever `und deviuting device are so chosen that u suflicientmovementl of suid device is also obtained lwhen the turbine is unloaded while working with a lower output. In order to avoid the deviating device being moved too far when the full loud is reduced the following arrangement is adopted: it. is ussunied that the lower end'of the lever 5 is moved by the rod il out of the position A toward thev right and the levers 1G und 18 touch each other along the points o, o, e. d. The

piston LO. then moved from the right toward Athe vleft moves the cylinder 2l zit first at its .own increusmg speed. At the same time the *sleeve 22 attached to the cylinder Q1 is moved in regard to the fixed .spindle 23, and when the sleeve 22 has been moved fur enough to.- war'd the left the :innular recess 2S provided in the sleeve Q2 will move over the pointed end of the spindle 23. By this Ineens u larger outlet section is afforded for the oil on the left side of the piston Q0 und said piston 2O is then not able to exercise pressure toward the left on the cylinder 2l. rlhe letter reduces its speed, although the speed ot' the piston 20 continuously increases, and the device 15 connected with Suid cylinder 21 Will not be moved so fur toward the lett, as if the spindle 23 in the sleeve were to exercise the same throttling fiction throughH ont. A spring 29 opposes theniovemcnt of the cylinder 21 toward the lett and this spiingwvill acquire un overbelance as soon usthe throttling action of the spindle Q3 in the sleeve .22 is reduced and the tension oi' said spring 29 has increased sufficiently. lt een therefore occur that the cylinder 21 stops its movementl although the piston 2O is moved farther toward the left. Consequently the path of the device 15 is restricted. .If the lower pivot of the lever 5 is moved toward the right into the end position E, for exemple, or ii it comes to rest previously, then ,the lever 18 und consequently the piston 20 will also stop. The spring 29 pulls the cylinder 21 over the inomentury fixed piston 20 towurd the right und thel returding liquid will nnss through the opening 30 und the valve over said opening from th'e right side ton'urd the left side of the piston without, meeting. uny considerable resistance. in this manner the devinting device 15 arrives in its stm-ting position. In the meantime the piston 12 will have had opportunity to move slowly toward die right and the` nozzle :2 Will therefore be closed by the pin 3 to .such an extent that the reduced water jet will be suitable for the new load acting on the turbine wheel l. Seid turbine will. therefore properly utilize the energy contained in the water. The spindle 23 or the sleeve can be provided with grooves und enlargements. which will produce e. deiinite displacement between the piston 20 und cylinder 21. Further, the piston 12 und fixed cylinder 13 can be so constructed ns to provide any desired degree of throtlling of the returding liquid.

For the salie 'of cleurness l? snows on ai larger seele which highest position the tront oi the deviuting device 15 occupies when the turbine is unloaded while working at 'anxious pernulnentfloads. l f the turbine is suddenly entirely unloaded while Working ut its highest output the front edge oi the device 1J would be moved into the position A, il? the parts 2li- Q8 were not in operution. These parts conse the irontedge to zii-rive into the position 11'? und it is only moved into the position ii, B', C or D when the tnrbineis suddenly unloaded, while working et or of the full load, the

Yeter jet having the diameters D4, D3, D2 und D respectively.

The device 15 has preferably u, form resembling u snow-plow, so that the excess water is not only deflected downward but also toward both sides (Fig. il).

llilhut .l claim and desire to secure by Letters Potent oi" the United States is 1. A device for defleeting the water jet of turbine when suddenly unloaded, comprising in combination, n detlector adapted to be moved into the path of the water jet, und menus to automatically move said deleclor into the path of the water jet :it u. higher speed, according es the turbine is working against n lower loud when suddenly unloaded, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.

A device for delecl'ing the water jet of n turbine when suddenly unloaded, comprising in conil'iinution, e defleclor adapted to be moved into the path of the water jet, a sliding cylinder connected with said defied tor, n piston adapted to move in seid cylinder und huving u vulve controlled opening therein, liquid in Suid cylinder on both sides of said piston, n cam-lever connected with Suid piston. u second cum-lever adapted to move suid first cum-lever, und means to permit said liquid to pass from one side of said piston to the other, substantially us und for the Inn-pose, set forth.

El. A device for deflecting the wuter jet of u turbine when suddenly unloaded, comprisino' in combination, u dctieetor ndupted to bc moved into the puth of the wutcr jet, u sliding cylinder, ineens to connect said dciiector with said sliding cylinder, a piston adapted to move in said cylinder and having a valve controlled opening therein, liquid in said cylinder on both sides of said piston, a sleeve connecting the ends of said cylinder, a fixed spindle litting said sleeve, a cam-lever connected with said piston, and a second cam-lever Working against said first cam-lever with increasing purchase according as said second cam-lever is turned, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.

-l, A device for deflecting the water jet of a turbine When'suddenly unloaded, comprising in combination, a .delector adapted to be moved into thepath of the Water jet, a sliding cylinder, means to connect said deilector with said sliding cylinder, a. piston adapted to move in said cylinder and having a valve controlled opening therein, liquid in said cylinder on both sides of said piston, a sleeve connecting the ends of said cylinder, a Fixed spindle itting said sleeve, a camlever connected 'with said piston, a second cani-lever working against said first camlever with increasing purchase according as .said second cam-lever is turned, a needle adapted to reduce the section of the Water `iet, and means to automatically slowly move said needle When said second cam-lever is turned, substantially as, and for the purs l pose, set forth.

5. A device for delecting the Water jet of a turbine when suddenly unloaded, comprising in combination, a deflector of a snowplovv like form adapted to'be moved into the path of the Water jet,l a sliding cylinder,-

means to connect said defiector with said sliding cylinder, a piston adapted to move in said cylinder and having a valve controlled opening therein, liquid in said cylinder on both sides of said piston, a sleeve connecting the endsof said cylinder, a fixed spindle fitting said sleeve, a camLlever conneet-ed With said piston, and a second .camlever bearing against said first cam-lever with increasing purchase according as said second cam-lever is turned, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence oftWo subscribing Witnesses.

ALBERT HUC UEIN.

Witnesses: K l

i F. HULDREIGH KELLER,

AUGUST REGG.

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