US1004979A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

0. L. BURNER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1907.

Patented Oct. 3, 1911.

ATENT FFICE.

OTTO LEO BURNER, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

atented Oct. 3, 1911v Application filed September 23, 1907. Serial No. 894,087.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ()trro Leo Roxanna, a citizen ol'f the Republic of Switzerland residing at London, llnglanl'l, have invented. Improvements in or Relating to Internal- UIHIHlSllUH Engines, of which the. following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal comlmstion engines operating on a two-stroke cycle.

In many forms of engine'oli this type, the exhaust port in the engine cylinder has been arranged more or less in line with and opposite the air and gas inlet port or ports so that with the aid of a. delleetor upon the engine piston, either the air or gas, or both, has or have beeurauscd to encounter the products of combustion at the time the exhaust port remains open, the object being to cause the entering charge to assist in expelling the products of combustion without becoming materially coinmingled therewith. Under existing arrangements however it has been found that the said dctlector does not insure the whole of the products of combustion being swept out of the cylinder, that is to say, the entering, charge of air or gas, or both, tends to rush directly to and through the exhaust port without entirely displao ing the products of combustion oi. the previous charge with the result that. there is not only a loss of uset'ul working mixture or charge but an incomplete expulsion of the products of combustion, both ol? which constitute serious disadvantages. With a view of expelling the products of combustion, it has also been proposed to divide the inner or combustion chamber end of the engine cylinder with an inlet port that is connected to a compressed air chamber and controlled by a spring loaded valve arranged to open automatically under the pressure of tin air thereon immediately the pressure (it the products o't combustion in the cylinder falls sutlieiently below the air pressure, as upon the opening ot the exhaust: port, so as to admit a scavenger charge ot air to the cylinder at'ter each explosion bc tore the opening of? the gas or ehargc,inlet port; controlled by the engine piston. For a like purpose. it has been proposed to construct the inner end of the engine cylinder with a corn stant'ly open inlet port provided with a detle t'or and connected by a passage to a, compressed charge reservpir having uncontrolled -.pring loaded outlet valves, the arrangement being such that part of the compressed charge will be introduced into the engine cylinder through the said inlet port and the remaining portion of the charge be simultai'icously introduced through an inlet port uncovered by the piston when at or near the limit of its out stroke. These known armiigements do not however enable the time at which the charge is introduced through the inlet port at the inner end of the eyliinler to be varied relatively to the time at which the remainder of the charge is admitted through the port controlled by the piston and therefore do not enable the working of the engine to be varied to suit dill'crent working requirements.

The object 01 the present invention is to overcome the objections just referred to and at the same time enable the means employed for this purpose to be used in starting the engine in a simple and etlieient manner. For this pin pose, products of combustion resulting t'roui the combustion of a previous charge are expelled from the engine cylin der and replaced by a fresh charge at any desired pressure by introducing part of the charge through a main inlet or inlets controlled by the engine piston and introducing the remainder of the charge at a later stage through one or more auxiliary inlets cont rolled or each controlled by a valve that is positively opened at the required time by a moving part of the engine. To attain the desired end, the combustible pressure, may be partialr introduced through an inlet or inlets arranged in line with and opposite tlnexhaust port as hitherto. while the remainder of the charge is introduced through one or more auxiliary valve-controllcd inlets arranged to cause a fluid llow which is more or less perpent ieular or at an angle to the path between the main inlet or inlets and exhaust port. A detleetor is provided upon the piston as before, and the whole arrangement is such that the auxiliary charge inlet or inlets is or are opened slightly in advance of the closing ot the main inlet or inlets so that a sweeping movement of the waste gases toward the exhaust will be initiated by the charge entering at the main inlet or inlets and be completed by the action of that portion ot the charge entering through the auxiliary inlet or inlets.

Obviously, in lieu of dividing the combustible charge as suggested, it might be convenient or desirable to cause the comlarge, under mined to suit different requirements.

bustible'to enter at the main inlet or inlets and the air at the auxiliary inlet or inlets, or vice versa, while naturally the timing of the instants at which the several inlets shduld open with respect to the opening or "closing of the exhaust port will be deter- For instance, in this way the richness of the combustible charge can be regulated.

By varying the instant at which the auxiliary inlet or inlets may be closed, it is possible to cause the cylinder to receive a charge which isproportionate in its volume to the load upon the engine. Thus, if a governor be employed to control the said auxiliary valve or valves, the latter may be arranged to be closed concurrently with or soon after the closing of the exhaust port to enable the whole of the gcontentsl of the cylinder, whether the same be at atmospheric pressure or at some higher pressure, to be compressed for heavy loads, or, if the closing of the mud iary valve or valves be delayed to an instant occurring later inthe travel of the piston, a portion of the admitted charge will be returned through the auxiliary inlet or' inlets, resulting in a reduced volume to be compressed, suitable for light loads.

The auxiliary valve or valves constitute a convenient means whereby the engine can either be assisted in starting or started. For instance, the said valve or valves may be timed to remain open until nearly the completion of the return stroke of the piston thereby substantially eliminating compressionousuch stroke and therefore enabling the engine to be started with compressed air or other fluid at a comparatively low pres sure. Any suitable or known means, adapted to be operated either manually or auto.- matically, are in this case, provided whereby, when the desired speed has been attained, the valve operating mechanism can be ad- 3' listed to cause the operation of the engine to be continued ii the manner first described.

By way of illustration, one construction and arrangement of parts suitable for the carrying out of the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 1 of the accomw panying drawings which is a part sectional elevation of a portion of the cylinder, piston, valve operating means and other parts of a vertical internal combustion engine. Fig. 2 shows a modified construction. Fig. 3 a part plan view of the valve operating lever and cam shown in Fig. 1 together with a governor and a hand lever for moving the cam endwise for timing the action of the supplementary inlet valve.

As shown-in Fig. 1, a jacketed cylinder 1 of ordinary construction is provided with a main inlet passage 2 and, directly opposite, with an exhaust passage 3, the lower side of the said passages being both substantially in the same plane as the top of the piston 4:

when the latter is in its lowest position or end of its outward or working stroke, as in known construction of internal combustion engines. 5 isthe ordinary delitlctor upon the top of the piston t "or diverting the flow of the charge as it enters the cylinder through the main inlet passage 2, which may be arranged either horizontally as shown in Fig. 1, or at an angle 'to the center line oi) the cylinder as shown in Fig.- 2. The latter arrangement will cause the entering charge to-flow in the direction of the top of the cylinder and therefore assists the movement produced by the deflector Within the top cover 1 of the cylinder is an auxiliary inlet 6 that is connected, as through a pipe or passage 6 and a main supply pipe 7, to the chamber or other device from which the charge to be used is obtained. The inlet 6 is provided with a'seating {Wand a co-acting valve 8 the stem 9 of which is arranged to be moved inward against the action of a spring t) to open the valve by a suitable moving part of the engine in any appropriate way, for instance by a rocking'levcr 10 which is pivoted at 11 and adapted to be oscillated by a cam 12 which is arranged to be rotated by a rotary shaft 13 and is made of suitable shape for the purpose hereinbefore mentioned.

The arrangement of lever 10 and cam 12 shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1, can be of any of the ordinary well known kinds now commonly used in and oil engines for varying the time and extent of opening of a valve for controlling the admission of each combustible charge to'the engine cyl-' inder, the said cam having an iinclined or spirally arranged cam projectionlZ andb'e-y ing arranged to be moved endwise on the shaft 1.3 by a hand operated lever 13 pivoted at 13 and also automatically by a governor 14 mounted upon and driven by the said shaft, as well understood and as inore clearly shown in Fig. 3. The spiiugt) is made sutliciently powerful to hold the valve 8 closed against any fluid pressure coming in contact therewith, so that the'valve can only be positively opened by the lever 10 or equivalent at the required time. Leading from the supply pipe 7 is a branch pipe 15 that is connected to the main inlet passage 2. On the main supply pipe 7 is. a regulating cock or valve 16 which may-be operated either manually, as by a hand wheel or automatically by a governor driven from the engine and adjusted so as only to come into action as and when required. 1

Vith the arrangement described, it will be understood from what has been previously herein set forth, that the products of combustion left within the engine cylinder at. the end of the working stroke will be acted upon more etliciently than was possible with the old arrangements. \Viththe the opening and closing particular arrangement illustrated, the said products are first acted upon by the charge entering at the main inlet 2 and thereafter by the charge entering at the inlet (3 past the valve 8.

By varying the times at which the valve 8 is opened and closed by suitable endwise ad justment of the cam 12, a smaller or larger quantity of air, gas or combustible at atmospheric pressure, or at a higher pressure, can be admitted, whereby the power of the engine can be regulated, or the starting thereof can be etl'ected, in the manner hereinbetore described. To facilitate the starting of the engine, the valve is opened, it may be by raising the outer arm of the lever 10 by hand or otherwise and raising the piston 4, the fluid in the cylinder then escaping through the pipe (3" and valve in which is then open. Upon the piston arriving at the end of its upstroke, the valve 10 is closed and a Valve 1.) on a compressed air supply pipe 18 is opened to admit compressed air through the port (3 to cause the return of the piston, these operations being repeated until the desired speed of the engine is attained when the valve 19 is finally closed, the valve 16 left open and the lever 10 reliased and allowed to assume its normal position.

The details of construction can be variously modified to suit the particular on gine to which the invention to be applied, the foregoing showing only one of several ways of carrying the same into effect.

\Vhat I claim is-- 1. Means for expelling products of combustion from a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a. main inlet through which part of the charge is admitted to the engine cylinder, an auxiliary inlet through which the remainder of the charge is admitted at predetcrmiued variable times and separate means for controlling said inlets.

2. Means for expelling products oi com bustion from a-two stroke cycle internal coin bustion engine, comprising a. cylinder having a main inlet through which part of the charge is admitted to the cylinder, an auxiliary inlet through which the remainder of the charge introduced, separate means for controlling said inlets and governor operated means adapted to actuate the control ling means for the auxiliary inlet so as to open such inlet at predetermined variable times after the main inlet has been opened and similarly to close it at prialetcrmined variable times after the main inlet has been closed.

3. Means for expelling products of combust-ion from a two stroke cycle internal co1nbustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a main inlet through which part of the charge is introduced and an auxiliary inlet of Which is positivcly ell'ected by means capable of time variation in operation and through which the remainder of the charge is introduced.

1-. Means for expelling products of combustion from a two stroke cycle internal con'ibustion engine, comprising a cylinder having a main inlet uncovered by the engine piston at the end o.t the working stroke and through which part of the charge is introduced and an auxiliary inlet through which the remainder ol the charge is introduced and means whereby the auxiliary inlet can be opened at predetermined variable times after the main inlet has been opened, and. similarly closed at linQtltl'ttrmined variable times after the main inlet has been closed.

5. Means tor expelling products of combustion from a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cyliinlcr having a main inlet uncovered by the engine piston at the end of the working stroke and through which part of the charge is introduced, and an auxiliary opening through which the remainder of the charge is introduced at a later stage with a direction of flow different to that of the flow of the main portion of the charge, and means capable of time variation in operation -.tor positively opening and closing said auxiliary inlet.

6. Means for expelling products of combustion from a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having in its wall an inlet arranged to he opened as the engine piston approaches the end of: its working stroke and through which part of the charge introduced and an inlet in one of its ends through which the remainder of the charge is introduced at a later stage, and governor controlled means for positively controlling the latter inlet.

7. llleans tor expelling products of combustion from a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having in its wall a main inlet arranged opposite to an exhaust outlet, controlled by the engine piston and through which part of the charge is introduced and an inlet in one of its ends through which the remainder of the charge is introduced at a later stage in a direction to divertthe natural direction of flow ot the charge admitted through the main inlet. and governor controlled means for positively controlling the latter inlet.

8. in an internal combustion engine operating on a two stroke cycle, means for expolling products of combustion from the engine cylinder and replacing them by a fresh charge at any desired pressure. comprising a main inlet or inlets controlled by the engine piston and through which part of the charge is introduced and an auxiliary valve controlled inlet or inlets through which the remainder or" the charge is introducedso that a sweeping movement of the products of combustion toward the ex haust will be initiated by the portion of the charge entering at the main inlet or inlets and be completed by the portion of the charge entering by the auxiliary inlet or inlets and governor controlled means for posivariation in operation for opening and closing the auxiliary inlet, While in communication with the fuel source.

10. In an internal combustion engine operating on a two stroke cycle, a cylinder having a main inlet passage opposite to the exhaust port and one or more auxiliary valve controlled inlets and, valve operating means whereby the time instants of opening and closing of the said auxiliary inlets can be determined or varied substantially as hereinbettore described, whereby the engine.

can be regulated or started as set .t'orth.

Signed at London England this 14th day of September 1907.

OTTO LEO BURNER.

V'Vitnesses: I

AR'rnUn WVoosNAM. "1. J. BROUGHAM.

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