US10040007B2 - Filtration system for filtration of solids from a liquid - Google Patents
Filtration system for filtration of solids from a liquid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10040007B2 US10040007B2 US14/648,460 US201314648460A US10040007B2 US 10040007 B2 US10040007 B2 US 10040007B2 US 201314648460 A US201314648460 A US 201314648460A US 10040007 B2 US10040007 B2 US 10040007B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- liquid
- filtration system
- residue
- transducers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
-
- B01D29/0075—
-
- B01D29/0086—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/66—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/70—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element
- B01D29/72—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element involving vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
- B01D2321/2033—By influencing the flow dynamically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
- B01D2321/2066—Pulsated flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
- B01D2321/2066—Pulsated flow
- B01D2321/2075—Ultrasonic treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/22—Electrical effects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
Definitions
- Wastewater treatment and other water treatment schemes are useful for providing treated water for numerous uses, particularly in locations where access to sufficient fresh water (sometimes referred to as “white water”) is limited.
- There are several treatment methods in use ranging from primary settling treatment through secondary and tertiary treatment regimes, each using various degrees of physical sedimentation and floatation, biological treatment, filtration, chlorination, ozonation, and so on.
- filtration systems there are several types of filtration systems in use, depending on the type and quality of both the water being treated and the desired end use of that water.
- examples include hollow fiber filters with pore sizes in the micrometer and nanometer range. Smaller pore sizes are found in reverse osmosis systems which may be used for example to de-salinate sea water for human consumption.
- Cleaning regimes may include liquid or gas backwashing, gas scouring, or chemical treatment.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to filtration systems, filter modules, and methods for removing residue (for example, a filter cake) from a filter used in filtering a liquid (for example, grey water, black water, municipal water, river water, sea water, another liquid, etc.).
- residue for example, a filter cake
- a liquid for example, grey water, black water, municipal water, river water, sea water, another liquid, etc.
- Such embodiments allow materials such as solids or other residues that can become caked against an upstream surface of a filter of such a filtration system to be at least in part removed.
- An embodiment is directed to a filtration system for filtering a liquid.
- the filtration system may include a vessel having an inlet through which a liquid can be introduced during use and an outlet through which filtered, cleaned liquid can exit.
- a filter that is configured to filter residue from such a liquid may be disposed within the vessel between the inlet and outlet.
- the filtration system may further include at least one transducer disposed in, on or adjacent to the filter.
- the at least one transducer may be configured to generate one or more pressure waves effective to dislodge residue collected on an upstream side of the filter.
- the at least one transducer may employ an electrical power input to produce an energy output in a different form (for example, heat energy, mechanical movement, audio energy, light or other electromagnetic energy, a spark, etc.) that results in generation of a pressure wave within the liquid.
- An embodiment is directed to a filter module for use in a filtration system for filtering solids from a liquid.
- the filter module includes a plurality of hollow fiber membrane filters. Each hollow fiber membrane filter may be configured to filter a liquid.
- the filter module includes at least one transducer disposed in, on, or adjacent to the plurality of hollow fiber membrane filters. The at least one transducer may be configured to generate one or more pressure waves effective to dislodge at least some residue from the plurality of hollow fiber filters.
- Another embodiment is directed to a method for removing at least some residue from a filter used in filtering a liquid.
- the method includes generating at least one pressure wave within a liquid at a location in, on, or adjacent to a filter having a residue disposed thereon. Generation of the pressure wave dislodges at least some of the residue from the filter, which would otherwise reduce performance of the filter. Once dislodged, the dislodged residue may be removed.
- FIG. 1A is a cut-away perspective view of an embodiment of a filtration system including a vessel having a filter disposed therein with at least one transducer disposed adjacent to the filter that is configured to generate a pressure wave to dislodge at least some residue from the upstream side of the filter.
- FIG. 1B is a cut-away perspective view of the filtration system of FIG. 1A , illustrating generation of a vapor bubble and resulting pressure wave.
- FIG. 1C is a cut-away perspective view of the filtration system of FIG. 1B illustrating dislodgement of residue from the upstream side of the filter as a result of action of the generated pressure wave.
- FIG. 1D is a cut-away perspective view of the filtration system of FIG. 1C illustrating removal of dislodged residue material through a bypass valve adjacent to the upstream side of the filter.
- FIG. 2A is a cut-away perspective view of another embodiment of a filtration system similar to that of FIG. 1A , but including a pressure wave reflector configured to reflect a portion of a generated pressure wave that propagates away from the filter back towards the filter.
- FIG. 2B is a cut-away perspective view of the filtration system of FIG. 2A illustrating reflection of a portion of the generated pressure wave.
- FIG. 3 is a cut-away perspective view of another embodiment of a filtration system similar to that of FIG. 1A , but including a plurality of transducers disposed adjacent to an upstream side of the filter.
- FIG. 4A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a filter including a plurality of transducers disposed thereon, with one or more electrically conductive traces disposed on the filter to provide electrical power to the transducers.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view through the filter of FIG. 4A .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a filtration system that provides a cross-flow configuration.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic perspective view of a filtration system configured as a plurality of hollow filters.
- FIG. 6B is an end view of the outlet of the filtration system of FIG. 6A .
- FIG. 6C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the filtration system of FIG. 6B .
- FIG. 6D is a longitudinal partial cross-sectional view through another embodiment of a filtration system configured with a plurality of hollow fiber membrane filters.
- FIG. 6E is a transverse cross-sectional view through the filtration system of FIG. 6D .
- FIG. 6F is a transverse cross-sectional view through a single hollow fiber membrane filter such as that included in the filtration system of FIG. 6D .
- FIG. 7 is a perspective and partial cut away view of a helically wound filtration system.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart describing an illustrative embodiment of a method of removing at least some residue from a filter used to filter a liquid.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to filtration systems, filter modules, and methods for removing residue from a filter used in filtering a liquid. Such embodiments may provide a convenient, simple, and inexpensive mechanism for removing accumulated filtered residue material from the upstream side of a filter of a filtration system.
- FIG. 1 The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.
- FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate an embodiment of a filtration system 100 including vessel 102 (for example, a cylindrical pipe) having inlet 104 and outlet 106 . While system 100 may be shown with a single inlet 104 and single outlet 106 , it will be understood that any of the various filtration systems within the scope of the present disclosure may include one or more than one inlets and one or more outlets at any suitable location on the vessel 102 .
- a liquid for example, grey water
- Filtration system 100 may include a filter 108 disposable within vessel 102 between inlet 104 and outlet 106 .
- Filter 108 is configured to filter solids from a liquid (for example, grey water, black water, river water, mains water, a liquid other than water, etc.) introduced through inlet 104 .
- Filtration system 100 may further include at least one transducer 110 disposed in, on or adjacent to filter 108 .
- transducer 110 is illustrated as being disposed downstream relative to filter 108 , although other placement is possible, some of which are described below.
- Transducer 110 is capable of generating one or more pressure waves that are effective to dislodge at least some of residue 112 disposed on an upstream side of filter 108 .
- residue 112 may comprise various solids or other residue materials that are stopped by filter 108 , which residue materials may form what may be referred to as a fouling layer.
- residue materials may include, but are not limited to, solid particulate materials, dissolved salts (for example, which may precipitate as solids), bacteria, or other materials within the grey liquid that may be denied passage through filter 108 .
- Filter 108 may comprise any suitable material or construction.
- filter 108 may be a reverse osmosis filter.
- Filter 108 may be configured as a flexible, mesh membrane substrate, and may be formed of a material such as, but not limited to cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyamide, polyolefins, and combinations thereof. Other materials (for example, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, metallic fiber or web, etc.) may also be employed. It will be readily apparent that any suitable filter material capable of filtering undesirable materials from a liquid may be employed.
- a reverse osmosis filter may be semi-permeable so as to allow passage of water or other liquid through filter 108 , while preventing passage of other materials.
- a pressure may be applied to the feed side of the filtration system to provide a pressure gradient that causes water or other liquid to flow through the filter.
- Transducer 110 may be any structure capable of converting an electrical energy (for example, an applied voltage) or other energy input to another output form (for example, heat energy, mechanical movement, audio energy, for example in the form of ultrasound waves, light, for example laser light or other electromagnetic energy, a spark, etc.) that results in generation of a pressure wave.
- an electrical energy for example, an applied voltage
- another output form for example, heat energy, mechanical movement, audio energy, for example in the form of ultrasound waves, light, for example laser light or other electromagnetic energy, a spark, etc.
- transducers include, but are not limited to, a resistive heating element, a high frequency ultrasound generator (for example, a piezoelectric transducer), a laser, a sparking gap for generating a spark which heats the liquid to induce a phase change from liquid to vapor, or any other structure capable of converting an electrical or other power input to another form of energy that results directly or indirectly in generation of a pressure wave within the liquid (for example, grey water) within vessel 102 .
- a resistive heating element for example, a piezoelectric transducer
- a laser for example, a laser
- sparking gap for generating a spark which heats the liquid to induce a phase change from liquid to vapor
- any other structure capable of converting an electrical or other power input to another form of energy that results directly or indirectly in generation of a pressure wave within the liquid (for example, grey water) within vessel 102 .
- a resistive heating element may act to heat liquid immediately adjacent to and in contact with the transducer so as to induce a phase change from liquid to gas.
- the nearly instantaneous phase change results in a substantial increase in volume, generating a pressure wave.
- a high frequency ultrasound (for example, about 20,000 Hz or higher) generator may include a piezoelectric generator that can result in cavitation of the liquid (for example, as a result of a substantial drop in pressure), which similarly results in generation of a pressure wave within the liquid.
- Transducers operating under various other principles so as to result in generation of a pressure wave may also be employed.
- transducer 110 acts to heat liquid immediately adjacent to transducer 110 so as to induce a phase change
- the flow rate through system 100 may be reduced immediately prior to activation of transducer 110 .
- Such slowing of the flow serves to reduce the pressure of the liquid, which reduces the input power requirements needed to achieve vaporization of the liquid at a given pressure.
- a pressure drop typically occurs as a result of passage through a filter such as filter 108 so that placement of transducer 110 downstream from filter 108 also reduces the pressure of the liquid and, thus, the power required to effect vaporization and pressure wave generation.
- transducer 110 may be disposed downstream from filter 108 , and/or the flow rate of liquid through filter 108 may be reduced so as to reduce the pressure and input power that would otherwise be required to achieve vaporization and pressure wave generation.
- transducer 110 is disposed near filter 108 , at a location that is downstream relative to filter 108 .
- transducer 110 for example, a vapor bubble generating resistive heating element
- a vapor bubble 114 forms within the liquid at transducer 110 .
- Bubble 114 may form as a result of heating of the liquid adjacent to transducer 110 . Because the heated portion of liquid expands rapidly upon vaporization, a vapor bubble 114 forms, generating a pressure wave 116 within the liquid.
- Pressure wave 116 results because vapor bubble 114 occupies a substantially larger volume than the same material before it was vaporized, when it was in a liquid state. As seen in FIG.
- the vapor bubble may quickly collapse as the material of vapor bubble 114 quickly recondenses, while pressure wave 116 propagates outward from its point of origin.
- Pressure wave 116 hits the downstream side of filter 108 , applying a force to residue 112 (for example, caked solids forming a fouling layer) that causes at least some of residue 112 to be dislodged from the upstream side of filter 108 .
- residue 112 for example, caked solids forming a fouling layer
- at least a portion of pressure wave 116 may propagate in an upstream direction, dislodging material 112 from an upstream side of filter 108 as pressure wave 116 passes through or otherwise contacts filter 108 .
- pressure wave 116 propagates in a direction that may be substantially opposite to the typical direction of flow F (see FIG. 1A ).
- Portions of generated pressure wave 116 located away from the longitudinal center of vessel 102 may include a shearing vector component as well as a component that is substantially opposite the flow direction F.
- transducer 110 may be disposed at a location other than along the longitudinal center of vessel 102 , it will be apparent that the force vectors applied by pressure waves 116 will differ. For example, that portion of the pressure wave that is aligned with the point of origination (for example, transducer 110 ) of pressure wave 116 may propagate in a direction that is substantially opposite the flow direction F.
- pressure wave 116 may result in at least some back flow of liquid as a result of the action of pressure wave 116 upon the liquid within vessel 102
- dislodgment of residue 112 may be achieved largely as a result of the action of pressure wave 116 upon residue 112 rather than any backflow of the liquid that may momentarily occur.
- FIG. 1D shows how once residue 112 is dislodged from filter 108 , they may be removed from vessel 102 . It will be readily appreciated that pressure wave 116 is not required to dislodge all of residue 112 , and that some portion of residue 112 may remain caked on filter 108 after the dislodgement by pressure wave 116 . Whatever the fraction or portion of residue 112 dislodged, these materials may be removed to prevent their redeposition onto filter 108 . While any removal mechanism may be employed, FIG. 1D illustrates opening of a bypass valve at a location adjacent to and upstream from filter 108 , so that dislodged residue 112 may be removed after being dislodged. Any suitable mechanism for physical removal of residue 112 may be employed, the bypass valve of FIG. 1D merely represents a non-limiting embodiment of such a mechanism. Other mechanisms will be apparent to one of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure.
- system 100 may further include pressure wave reflector 118 configured to reflect a portion 116 ′ of pressure wave 116 that propagates away from the upstream side of filter 108 .
- reflector 118 may be disposed downstream relative to transducer 110 , so as to redirect that portion of pressure wave 116 that would otherwise be wasted.
- Reflector 118 may comprise any suitable rigid material (for example, rigid plastic, ceramic, metal, etc.). Reflection of portion 116 ′ of pressure wave 116 back towards filter 108 increases the fraction of generated pressure wave 116 that is directed in a manner calculated to dislodge residue 112 caked or otherwise disposed on filter 108 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of another filtration system 100 in which transducers 110 are disposed on an upstream side of filter 108 , adjacent to where residue 112 becomes disposed onto filter 108 .
- the one or more transducers 110 may actually be disposed on or in filter 108 itself.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate such an embodiment. It will be readily apparent that placement of one or more transducers 110 may thus vary (for example, upstream from filter, downstream from filter, on filter, etc.), as desired.
- transducers 110 may be disposed not more than about 10 cm, not more than about 5 cm, not more than about 3 cm, or not more than about 1 cm from the upstream side of filter 108 where residue 112 accumulate. All else being equal, closer placement increases the efficacy of the pressure wave 116 in dislodging residue 112 .
- the transducers 110 a - 110 c may be located in very close proximity relative to residue 112 (for example, not more than about 10 mm, not more than about 5 mm, or not more than about 3 mm)
- residue 112 for example, not more than about 10 mm, not more than about 5 mm, or not more than about 3 mm
- Such close placement provides relatively greater strength to the dislodging force delivered to residue 112 by the generated pressure wave.
- Such relatively close placement also orients the generated pressure wave so that a larger fraction of the wave exhibits a force vector that is configured to shear the residue 112 from the surface of filter 108 , rather than pushing residue 112 further into filter 108 .
- transducers 110 a - 110 c results in a smaller radius exhibited by the pressure wave at the time it first contacts residue 112 .
- the pressure wave is oriented to push residue 112 further into filter 108
- the vast majority of the circumference of the pressure wave is oriented to shear solids 112 from filter 108 .
- the applied shearing force is concentrated within a relatively smaller radius circle, so that the shearing force applied to any given location along residue 112 is correspondingly higher than if the pressure wave exhibited a relatively larger radius (which corresponds to further placement from filter 108 and residue 112 ).
- transducers may be particularly beneficial where the transducers are disposed upstream relative to filter 108 .
- no portion of the pressure wave may exhibit a force vector that pushes residue 112 further into filter 108 .
- relatively close placement to filter 108 may be particularly beneficial where the transducers are placed upstream relative to filter 108 .
- transducers may be placed both upstream and downstream (or on the filter and downstream, or on the filter and upstream).
- FIG. 3 further illustrates how one of 3 illustrated transducers 110 a - 110 c fires, generating a vapor bubble and associated pressure wave 116 .
- Pressure wave 116 shears at least some residue 112 from filter 108 adjacent to transducer 110 c .
- Additional transducers 110 b and 110 a may fire relative to transducer 110 c in any desired sequence. In an embodiment, all transducers may fire substantially simultaneously. In another embodiment, all transducers may fire in a non-simultaneous sequence, for example, that may be configured to more effectively or efficiently dislodge residue 112 . In an embodiment, transducer 110 c may fire, followed by firing of transducer 110 b , followed by firing of transducer 110 a .
- transducers 110 a - 110 c may fire again, even in a different sequence.
- transducer 110 c may fire, followed by 110 b , followed by 110 a , followed by simultaneous firing of all of transducers 110 a - 110 c .
- a controller 111 may be provided to provide electrical power to transducers 110 a - 110 c (for example, through electrically conductive traces or other wiring) in a desired sequence.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an embodiment of a filter 208 including a plurality of transducers 210 disposed on filter 208 , and in which filter 208 further includes one or more electrically conductive traces 218 disposed on filter 208 configured to provide electrical power to transducers 210 .
- transducers 210 may be selectively activated so as to result in generation of a pressure wave that dislodges at least some residue 212 caked or otherwise disposed on an upstream side of filter 208 .
- transducers 210 may be disposed on only one side of filter 208 (for example, that side of filter 208 which becomes the upstream side of filter 208 during use).
- Traces 218 may be flexible, as the substrate 220 of filter 208 may also be flexible, allowing such a filter to be employed in helically wound or other layered filtration systems.
- Filter 208 may comprise a flexible, polymeric mesh membrane substrate 220 , for example, such as those typically employed for reverse osmosis separation or other filtration techniques.
- Suitable polymeric materials from which filter substrate 220 may be formed include, but are not limited to cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyamide, polyolefins, and combinations thereof. Other materials (for example, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, metallic fiber or web, etc.) may also be employed. It will be readily apparent that any suitable substrate material capable of filtering undesirable residue materials from a liquid may be employed.
- Substrate 220 may advantageously exhibit thermal stability so as to resist degradation that might otherwise occur upon exposure to heating, or repeated exposure vaporized liquid (for example, steam) within the liquid feed.
- Substrate 220 may also advantageously be bondable to electrically conductive traces 218 so as to prevent separation of traces 218 from substrate 220 .
- traces 218 , transducers 210 , and or other components may be coated with a protective coating (for example, a silicone or similar protective polymer coating) to protect and/or insulate such components.
- transducers 210 may include an electrically insulative layer 222 disposed over a portion of transducer 210 to reduce a surface area of heating element transducer 210 exposed to the liquid to be vaporized. Such a reduction in surface area serves to decrease the power required to be delivered to vaporize the liquid in contact with heating element transducer 210 .
- an insulative layer 222 may comprise any suitable electrically insulative material (for example, plastic, ceramic, etc.). Layer 222 may also exhibit thermal insulative characteristics to aid in focusing delivery of the generated heat to a desired area.
- insulative layer 222 may comprise a substantially rigid material (for example, a rigid plastic or ceramic) that also serves as a pressure wave reflector to reflect that portion of a generated pressure wave that propagates away from a fouling layer residue back towards the upstream side of the filter so as to direct more of the energy of the generated pressure wave so that it results in dislodgement of residue materials caked onto or otherwise disposed on filter 208 .
- a separate rigid pressure wave reflector may be provided (for example, similar to reflector 118 of FIG. 2A ).
- electrically conductive traces 218 and transducers 210 cover only a relatively small fraction of the face of filter 208 on which they are disposed.
- traces 218 and transducers 210 may be disposed on the upstream face of filter 208 , and may cover or occlude no more than about 10% of the surface area of the face on which they are disposed, no more than about 5% of the face on which they are disposed, or no more than about 3% of the face on which they are disposed.
- Such small fractions prevent the inclusion of traces 218 and transducers 210 from interfering significantly with efficacy of filter 208 .
- the generated pressure wave may include at least a portion thereof that propagates upstream, through the filter so as to dislodge residue materials disposed on the upstream face.
- traces 218 may be embedded within substrate 220 .
- electrical connections are described as being formed with the use of electrically conductive traces, it will be understood that any other electrical connection (for example, one or more wires) may also be employed.
- electrically conductive trace is to be broadly construed to include wires or similar electrical connections.
- Filtration systems including one or more transducers for generating a pressure wave may be employed within any suitable filtration configuration.
- FIGS. 1A-1D show filter 108 configured as a dead end filter that extends across vessel 102 (for example, a pipe) in an orientation that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow F.
- vessel 102 for example, a pipe
- FIGS. 1A-1D show filter 108 configured as a dead end filter that extends across vessel 102 (for example, a pipe) in an orientation that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow F.
- vessel 102 for example, a pipe
- other configurations such as, but not limited to, cross-flow filters, helically wound filters, and hollow filters (for example, a hollow fiber filtration system) are also contemplated. Other configurations may also be employed.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a filtration system 300 having a cross-flow configuration in which the direction of flow F is substantially parallel to filter 308 during operation.
- a feed liquid may be introduced through inlet 304 into portion 305 of vessel 302 .
- Pressure may be applied to grey liquid within portion 305 so as to cause a portion of the liquid to flow through filter 308 , into portion 307 , while residue 312 within the liquid are collected against filter 308 .
- Concentrated grey liquid 306 a may exit from system 300 through outlet 306
- filtered cleaned liquid (for example, clean water) 306 b may exit through a separate outlet at outlet 306 .
- portion 305 may be considered to be on a “upstream” side of filter 308 , as liquid within this portion has not yet passed through filter 308 .
- portion 307 may be considered to be on a “downstream” side of filter 308 , as liquid within this portion has passed through filter 308 .
- Residue 312 collects on the upstream side of filter 308 , within portion 305 .
- Filter 308 may include one or more transducers 310 disposed thereon (for example, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B ) so as to generate one or more pressure waves to dislodge at least some of residue 312 .
- one or more transducers 310 may be disposed adjacent to filter 308 , for example, within portion 307 , downstream from filter 308 similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 1A , or upstream from filter 308 , within portion 305 , similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 3 .
- transducers 310 are disposed so as to generate one or more pressure waves effective to dislodge residue 312 . It will thus be appreciated that any suitable disposition of transducers (for example, disposed in, on, or adjacent to filter 308 ) may be possible.
- FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate an embodiment of a filtration system 400 configured as a hollow (for example, a tube) filter, which specifically has a configuration including a plurality of hollow filters 424 that may be disposed within a vessel (for example, a tube) 402 .
- the cylindrical wall 408 of each hollow filter 424 may comprise a filter configured to filter residue 412 from a liquid feed F.
- Liquid feed F may be introduced into filtration system 400 through inlet 404 so that the liquid is fed into hollow filters 424 .
- Hollow filters 424 may operate as parallel filtration systems, increasing the filtration capacity of the system as compared to a single hollow filter. In other words, any given portion of the liquid to be filtered may pass through only one of hollow filters 424 .
- hollow filters 424 may comprise hollow fiber membrane filters (for example, to form a hollow fiber filtration system).
- the hollow fiber membrane filters may be in the form of microfilters or nanofilters.
- such a configuration may operate in a cross-flow configuration, where the interior 405 of hollow filters 424 may be considered to be on an “upstream” side of filter 408 , as liquid within hollow filters 424 has not passed through filter 408 .
- Portion 407 that is exterior hollow filters 424 and within outer vessel 402 may be considered to be a downstream side of filter 408 , as liquid within this portion has passed through filter 408 .
- the opposite configuration may be employed, where grey liquid is fed into region 407 , exterior hollow filters 424 , so that the relationships are reversed. In other words, filtered clean liquid would then exit from the outlet ends of hollow filters 424 , while the concentrated “dirty” grey liquid would remain within portion 407 , exterior hollow filters 424 .
- each hollow filter 424 may itself comprise the filter. As shown in FIG. 6C , the flow of liquid through hollow filters 424 results in residue filtered from the liquid collecting on the inside or upstream surface of filter wall 408 , as filtered clean liquid (for example, clean water) passes through the filter wall 408 into region 407 .
- filter walls 408 may include one or more transducers 410 disposed thereon or therein so as to generate one or more pressure waves to dislodge residue fouling layer 412 .
- one or more transducers 410 may be disposed adjacent to (but perhaps not on or in) filter wall 408 so as to generate one or more pressure waves effective to dislodge at least some of residue 412 . It will thus be appreciated that any suitable placement of transducers 410 (for example, disposed on or adjacent to filter 408 ) may be possible.
- FIGS. 5 and 6A-6C have been described in terms of a cross-flow system, it will be understood that such systems could also be configured to operate as a direct flow system.
- Filtration system 400 ′ includes a bundle of hollow fiber membrane filters 424 ′ oriented so as to extend longitudinally within system 400 ′. Bundles of hollow fiber membrane filters 424 ′ may be provided in a plurality of filter modules 401 ′ (for example, system 400 ′ may include 4 modules 401 ′). Each module includes a plurality of hollow fiber membrane filters 424 ′, so that individual modules 401 ′ may be removed and replaced, as needed.
- System 400 ′ may include a header 403 ′, in which the hollow fiber membrane filters 424 ′ are mounted in header 403 ′ in close proximity to one another to prevent excessive movement therebetween, for example, as seen in FIGS.
- Filtrate from the plurality of modules 401 ′ may be collected through a common manifold 407 ′ for delivery to outlet 406 ′.
- the plurality of hollow fiber membrane filters 424 ′ may be contained within a protective perforated cage (for example, screen mesh) 402 ′.
- the wall 408 ′ of each fiber membrane filter may comprise a filter configured to filter residual materials 412 ′ from a liquid feed, which enters any given fiber membrane filter 424 ′ through wall 408 ′. Liquid to be filtered is conveyed from the outside of each hollow fiber membrane filter 424 ′, through wall 408 ′, leaving fouling layer residue 412 ′ surrounding the outside of each fiber membrane filter 424 ′ (see FIG. 6F ).
- the liquid filtrate passes up the hollow central lumen 405 ′ of each fiber membrane filter 424 ′ where it is then conveyed into a collection manifold 407 ′ and outlet 406 ′.
- Hollow fiber filtration system 400 ′ may be submerged in the liquid F (for example, grey water) to be filtered.
- the system may be configured to draw liquid F inwardly along a length of fiber membrane filters 424 ′, which serve as inlets 404 ′ through wall 408 ′. Drawing of liquid F may be achieved in a system at atmospheric pressure through placement of a pump on a downstream side of system 400 ′. Alternatively, liquid F may be pressurized for force flow into walls 408 ′ of fiber membrane filters 424 ′.
- Filtration system 400 ′ includes one or more transducers for generating pressure wave(s) configured to dislodge residue fouling layer 412 ′.
- transducers 410 ′ may be disposed within central cavity 411 ′.
- transducers 410 ′ may be disposed on or within fiber walls 408 ′ (for example, on the exterior surface, where fouling layer 412 ′ forms) so as to generate one or more pressure waves to dislodge residue fouling layer 412 ′.
- one or more transducers may be disposed adjacent to (but perhaps not on or in) filter wall 408 ′ so as to generate one or more pressure waves effective to dislodge at least some of residue 412 ′.
- transducer(s) 410 ′ may be disposed longitudinally among the plurality of hollow fiber membrane filters 424 ′. In another embodiment, transducer(s) 410 ′ may be disposed axially within module 401 ′. It will thus be appreciated that any suitable placement of transducers (for example, disposed on or adjacent to wall 408 ′) may be possible.
- transducers 410 ′ may be disposed on an inside surface of lumen 405 ′, where fouling layer residue 412 ′ collects, within cavity 411 ′, or anywhere else that will result in the desired dislodgement of at least some of residue 412 ′.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a filtration system 500 configured as a helically wound filtration system.
- a helically wound configuration may include a plurality of filter membrane layers 508 a separated by a plurality of spacer layers 508 b .
- filter layers 508 a may be sandwiched between adjacent spacer layers 508 b
- spacer layers 508 b are similarly sandwiched between adjacent filter layers 508 a .
- the sandwiched, alternating layer structure may be helically or spirally wound for placement within a cylindrical housing 502 .
- Liquid feed F is fed through inlet 504 , while grey liquid concentrate 506 a and filtered clean liquid 506 b exit separately through outlet 506 .
- Pressurized grey liquid feed F may be introduced through a seal 526 at inlet 504 .
- Feed F enters between layers 508 a and 508 b , and the clean portion of the liquid (for example, pure water) passes through filter layer 508 a , where it may proceed to product collection vessel 528 that may be disposed at the center of helically wound filtration system 500 .
- Vessel 528 may include perforations 530 through which the filtered clean liquid is allowed to enter for conveyance towards outlet 506 .
- Filtered clean liquid 506 b exits through the outlet 506 of vessel 528 . Concentrated “dirty” liquid that does not penetrate through filter layer 508 a is conveyed towards outlet 506 , exiting separately as concentrated liquid at 506 a.
- a surface of filter layers 508 a that is adjacent to feed F may be considered to be on an “upstream” side of filter layer 508 a .
- An opposite surface of filter layer 508 a that is adjacent to where filtered clean liquid exits from the filter layer 508 a may be considered to be a downstream side of filter layer 508 a.
- One or more of filter layers 508 a may include one or more transducers (not shown so as to not overly complicate FIG. 7 ) disposed thereon or therein so as to generate one or more pressure waves to dislodge filter residue materials stopped by the upstream side of filter layers 508 a .
- one or more transducers may be disposed adjacent to (but perhaps not on or in) the filter layers 508 a so as to generate one or more pressure waves effective to dislodge a fouling layer residue disposed on filter layers 508 a . It will thus be appreciated that any suitable placement of transducers (for example, disposed on or adjacent to filter layers 508 a ) may be possible.
- FIG. 8 describes a method S 10 by which a filter residue may be removed from a filter used in filtering a liquid.
- a pressure wave may be generated on or adjacent to a filter having filtered residue adhered thereto.
- Such a pressure wave may be generated by a transducer disposed on, in or adjacent to the filter.
- the transducer may employ an electrical power or other power input, and output energy in another form that directly or indirectly results in generation of a pressure wave.
- the one or more transducers may apply electrical resistance heating to the liquid so as to result in vaporization of a portion of the liquid adjacent to the transducer. Where heating is employed, the method may further include reducing the flow into the filter prior to activation of the transducer so as to reduce the power required to achieve liquid vaporization.
- a transducer may comprise a high frequency ultrasonic generator that similarly results in generation of vapor bubbles within the liquid. In either case, the generated vapor bubble results in the generation of a pressure wave as a result of the near instantaneous expansion of the liquid as it undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a gas.
- the transducer may activate a laser (for example, a laser diode) that results in heating of liquid adjacent to the laser, which causes the liquid to undergo a phase change from a liquid to a gas, resulting in generation of a pressure wave due to the near instantaneous expansion associated with the phase change.
- a laser for example, a laser diode
- Another transducer that similarly results in heating and vaporization may include a spark gap.
- Various other transducers may also be suitable for use.
- the pressure wave may advantageously be generated in a manner so that at least a portion of the force vector applied by the pressure wave is configured to shear or otherwise dislodge filter residue materials from the filter surface, rather than press the filter residue materials further into the filter.
- the dislodged materials may be removed at S 16 (for example, through a bypass valve or other suitable removal mechanism).
- the method may operate as a continuous or batch process.
- the method may involve continuous or periodic activation of the one or more transducers so as to dislodge the filter residue materials collected on an upstream side of the filter.
- the transducers may be activated at desired intervals, while a bypass valve may be activated to remove dislodged filter residue materials at the same or a different interval.
- the pressure wave(s) may be generated substantially continuously or periodically.
- the dislodged filter residue materials may be removed from the system substantially continuously or periodically.
- the present methods do not necessarily require a “back-flush” operation that would require flow reversal through the filter.
- the present methods do not necessarily require introduction of a mixed liquid/gas stream into the system to scour or “airlift” the filter fouling layer residue from the filter.
- this vapor may simply represent the liquid (for example, water) of the feed vaporized from liquid to a vapor state (for example, still water), and thus may not typically involve the introduction or generation of dangerous gases (for example, H 2 or O 2 ) within the system.
- dangerous gases for example, H 2 or O 2
- a range includes each individual member.
- a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells.
- a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2012905265 | 2012-11-30 | ||
AU2012905265A AU2012905265A0 (en) | 2012-11-30 | Filtration systems and methods for filtering solids | |
PCT/US2013/066836 WO2014084997A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-10-25 | Filtration systems and methods for filtering solids |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150306525A1 US20150306525A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
US10040007B2 true US10040007B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 |
Family
ID=50828344
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/648,460 Expired - Fee Related US10040007B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-10-25 | Filtration system for filtration of solids from a liquid |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10040007B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014084997A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11232684B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2022-01-25 | Appleton Grp Llc | Smart luminaire group control using intragroup communication |
US11328564B2 (en) | 2019-08-31 | 2022-05-10 | Appleton Grp Llc | Event indications of hazardous environment luminaires using visual sequences |
US11343898B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-05-24 | Appleton Grp Llc | Smart dimming and sensor failure detection as part of built in daylight harvesting inside the luminaire |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014112798A1 (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel | Self-cleaning dead-end filter system with micro sieve |
US20200376417A1 (en) * | 2017-11-19 | 2020-12-03 | Oded SHAMIR | Filter apparatus and/or method |
CN109911474B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-07-16 | 北京华夏光谷光电科技有限公司 | Underwater laser bubble collection system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4158629A (en) | 1974-08-12 | 1979-06-19 | Vernon D. Beehler | Dynamic self-cleaning filter for liquids |
US4645542A (en) | 1984-04-26 | 1987-02-24 | Anco Engineers, Inc. | Method of pressure pulse cleaning the interior of heat exchanger tubes located within a pressure vessel such as a tube bundle heat exchanger, boiler, condenser or the like |
US6221255B1 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2001-04-24 | Achyut R. Vadoothker | Ultrasound-assisted filtration system |
WO2001047399A2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-05 | Strix Limited | Electric water heating appliances |
US7347937B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2008-03-25 | Entegris, Inc. | Perfluorinated thermoplastic filter cartridge |
-
2013
- 2013-10-25 US US14/648,460 patent/US10040007B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-10-25 WO PCT/US2013/066836 patent/WO2014084997A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4158629A (en) | 1974-08-12 | 1979-06-19 | Vernon D. Beehler | Dynamic self-cleaning filter for liquids |
US4645542A (en) | 1984-04-26 | 1987-02-24 | Anco Engineers, Inc. | Method of pressure pulse cleaning the interior of heat exchanger tubes located within a pressure vessel such as a tube bundle heat exchanger, boiler, condenser or the like |
US6221255B1 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2001-04-24 | Achyut R. Vadoothker | Ultrasound-assisted filtration system |
WO2001047399A2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-05 | Strix Limited | Electric water heating appliances |
US7347937B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2008-03-25 | Entegris, Inc. | Perfluorinated thermoplastic filter cartridge |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2012/065927 dated May 21, 2013. |
Robinson et al., The dymanics of spherical bubble growth, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (Aug. 18, 2004), 47:5101-5113. |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11328564B2 (en) | 2019-08-31 | 2022-05-10 | Appleton Grp Llc | Event indications of hazardous environment luminaires using visual sequences |
US11769380B2 (en) | 2019-08-31 | 2023-09-26 | Appleton Grp Llc | Event indications of hazardous environment luminaires using visual sequences |
US11232684B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2022-01-25 | Appleton Grp Llc | Smart luminaire group control using intragroup communication |
US11343898B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-05-24 | Appleton Grp Llc | Smart dimming and sensor failure detection as part of built in daylight harvesting inside the luminaire |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014084997A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
US20150306525A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10040007B2 (en) | Filtration system for filtration of solids from a liquid | |
US7008540B1 (en) | Ultrasonically cleaned membrane filtration system | |
JP4445862B2 (en) | Hollow fiber membrane module, hollow fiber membrane module unit, membrane filtration device using the same, and operating method thereof | |
EP2537807A1 (en) | Separation membrane module for processing of oil-containing waste water, method for processing oil-containing waste water, and apparatus for processing oil-containing waste water | |
KR101684722B1 (en) | Apparatus for the treatment of liquids | |
US8852441B2 (en) | Apparatus for purifying liquids, in particular for purifying ballast water | |
JP4369153B2 (en) | Membrane separation device and membrane separation method | |
KR101604017B1 (en) | RO Membrane device and Counter Cross Current method for scale prevention for RO Membrane device | |
JP4251879B2 (en) | Operation method of separation membrane module | |
JP4225471B2 (en) | Operation method of multistage separation membrane module | |
TW200401664A (en) | Spiral membrane element, reverse osmosis membrane module, and reverse osmosis membrane apparatus | |
JPH03165818A (en) | Hollow fiber membrane separating module and hollow fiber membrane separating apparatus | |
JP2002113338A (en) | Separation membrane element and module using the same | |
JP2020093233A (en) | Separation membrane module and separation membrane system | |
KR20050033547A (en) | Separation membrane module and method of operating separation membrane module | |
JPH10230145A (en) | Spiral membrane element | |
US20180229188A1 (en) | Unhoused Filtration Device and Methods of Use | |
JP5811162B2 (en) | Pleated filter, ballast water treatment apparatus using the pleat filter, and ballast water treatment method | |
JP7101453B2 (en) | Cleaning method of ceramic filtration membrane, filtration membrane device and filtration container | |
JP2008183561A (en) | Membrane separation device and membrane separation method | |
JP2010194405A (en) | Membrane filtration system and membrane filtration apparatus | |
JPH10230140A (en) | Spiral membrane element | |
JP2004202409A (en) | Separation membrane module, separation membrane apparatus and method for operating the same | |
US11305234B1 (en) | Supercoil filtration unit | |
RU2398619C2 (en) | Membrane ultra-micro-filtration roll element |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ADAM MECHANICA PTY LTD., AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAM, QUENTIN ARTHUR CARL;REEL/FRAME:031479/0873 Effective date: 20120223 Owner name: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAM MECHANICA PTY LTD.;REEL/FRAME:031479/0934 Effective date: 20120605 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ADAM MECHANICA PTY LTD., AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAM, QUENTIN ARTHUR CARL;REEL/FRAME:035744/0628 Effective date: 20120223 Owner name: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAM MECHANICA PTY LTD.;REEL/FRAME:035744/0759 Effective date: 20120605 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CRESTLINE DIRECT FINANCE, L.P., TEXAS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC;REEL/FRAME:048373/0217 Effective date: 20181228 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20220807 |