US1002453A - Process of briqueting and pressing material. - Google Patents

Description

A. RO'N AY. PROCESS OF BRIQUETING AND PBBSSING MATERIAL. APPLICATION TILED JULY 21, 1909.

1,002,453. "immease t. 5,19 1.

v 2000mm.

' fi ab View Damion? or GE AN ETINIG ND RESS N MATERIALQ ce l 11 we we per lnlpo 'f time or per fraction brought ihto relation With the: f alf whiehfilspresent 1n the g operat on in question. 1 percentage of adnilxtu e of nger muse the lflse of pressure pjer e; If perf fm etion of thetotal Osal e biught about, whereas ll the gi'eatr may take place eoefrim ing my invention into practice, 'nstead of the continuoiispressure apl es possibleythe-greater f pressiire stages, in just as gh e'greeiis 2m approximation to ptee ire curve possible, 1 The ing mi nber of pressure stages has the 1 d ufiiepromoced bwing to the liciisslons." i

ijn e oftheideal pressure jeurve 2'; thus the fir ire stage I lasts a bout 6 seconds.

the emount (if the increa sew nem eupiedhy the pressing epem l shiiigfladnijixture of air a rise lof e 65 1 1e tofqrje, {one having several stages,

tage that the operation "of i gee" becen ee constantly s hotter nereasl ng-presure corresponding to the the second II only about 3 seconds, the third III aboutQ seconds, and so on, the last pressure stage VIII last about'hali a second. The diagram clearly showsl that the smaller the number of pressure stages. is, the less ,does the compression operation fit the ideal pressurestage, whereas, on the other hand, with an increasing number of pressure stages the Compression operation is the diagram that as the num:

tinually greater fraction of the total time,

the air is produced. Whereasthe ideal pressure curve 21 gives 'thosepressures which are exercised by the operative face of the stamp, z. e. by the face of the briquet press on the v materlal, 7' indicates the ideal curve of those pressures which'are exercised by-Jth'e water I on the hydraulic piston; a fourfold ratio of transmission is here supposed between the face of the hydraulic piston and the stamp ofthe press, a pressure ofQOOOatmospheres of the latter corres onding to a pressure of,

' stages I, II, III.

500 atmospheres o theformer,-'-s'o that at 3 I nate ofa point on thecurve j amounts to the fourth part of the ordinate any given'moment of the operation the ordi-v of'the corresponding point on the curve '5. "From this it follows that, for obtainingffhe pressure xt.'in the cylinder of the press, the machine mustbe adjusted corre-' ,isp'onding 'tothe" pressure stages I, II,

3 pressure stages .is equal.

III". which pp the t" each of the pressure-stages appertaining to the curve i is four times greater in the example represented than the: corresponding pressure stage whichbelongsto' the curve 7', whereas the'durati-on of these corresponding pressure stages to be employed is dependent on the percentage of air in the material, on the porosity, granularity, specific density,

J I and on special physical properties of 'the material to be pressed, size and shape of. the briquets tobe made, and so on. v

According to myinvention I may employ it'not only with materials such ascoal, salt,- s awdust, ore, fuels, refuse, peat,but" I. may

.- v I also use it for produclnga rigid combina- I other substances of like form, sheets of paper, metal foil,

tion of granular, powdery, leafy, fibrous or' etc. for example; for the purpose of alloying' metals in the press tions, as, e. g.,'-;forging, wire; draw1ng,and the like. n

liquid cold by producing the state termed -cold- The, invention, isv therefore not I 71 confined tobriqueting processes but may be applied also to all other compression opera- "continuou's shaking The ,"number 'of I into practice'is characterized by the outside surface 'otvthe briquetbeing made denser by A special: sphere oflei'nplcy ment of invention is briqueting metal chips, shavings ,;borings or otherwaste metal, such as,

iron filings, steel filings, andthe' like.

When employing my process for briquet-R ing metal'chips orother waste .metal, the

waste metal maybe pressed with such sub stances in an air-dry-state as will promote the subsequentsmelting or working-off proc-v v ess, namely diminis ing and replace thisv losses produced by'burning during thesmelting; as suitable for this h loss in weight by burn areeither clinker-forming substances and "substances which absorb or dissolve metallic oxids andall' impuritiesof the metal, such as, e. g.,lim e,-burned or crude or such substances which are lost by burning in the furnaces as, oe g.,

- The admixture 0 such substances in anaiia graphite," coal or the like,

dry state has the advantage that, on the one hand, the removal of air from the material eration, whereas, on' the other hand, uni-form formation of clinker and, accordingly,

diminution of waste-by burning is pro- 9o moted. 4

' A further special mode of executiiig my process consists in substances which promote the smelting or w0rking-off process as is' not-prevented during the briqueting op.--

being compressed with the metal chips or I waste metal in such manner that the one setof materials forms the core whereas the.

Iother formsthe outershell of the briquet.

that the propertiesflof the substances added in an air-dry state which makethemselves In this" manner the advantage is obtained 'feltin the subsequent working-oft or smelt-- I ing-process can becomevery prominent. v A; further mode of executingmy process con-- smelting processbeing placed in the briquets sists in the. substances which promote-the r in vertical or horizontal layers alternately with thewas'te metaL;

.Afurther modeiof carrying my process artificial means, for the purpose of making 1 inoperative atmospheric. influences which could ii'npair the durability of the briquet,

- diminishlngfwaste byjbu'rnin-g during smelt ing, 'increasing'the capability of conveyance owingto increased strength, and'bi'inging about likeeconomic advantages. Making the exter or surface of denser according to "my invention has,in :rd-' v,diteon, the special advantage that the degree :of pressure for producing the briquetdoes not require to be so high'as whenithe surface of'ithe briquet is not'made denser. v I

One mode of carrying-i my process mm actice consists in subjecting the br'iquets' action of water or aqueousacid or salt soluthe briquetl .eaving 'the press' 'foina' short time to the ti'pns, for example by sprinklingthc briquets Obtained matures 65 materials was 01';

for

21 a ow ernnmdthe uisiit which re. Now

For this substances,Jfsuch as binding substances'with merely" the outside surface" ofthe finished briquet,"andto. leave the core that the agglutinant is forced by the same I Q into the interior of the briquet,

The'fuel briquets made according to invention, particularly coal briquets, may

' be c'oked on the surface Further, in many cases it is preferable to impregnate these cok'ed briquets subsequently with bitumen tofprcvent ,moisture. penetrating into them.- f .Where I'have used in the specification Z1 and in the claimsthew rd completely @I as applied tothe'remova of air trom -thefi in order 7 material being acted upon byQ-Iny process,

' I do not'intend theword to be used in an 1 absolute sense, but only to signify that a;

very large percentage of 'theqoriginal air contained-isremoved: Complete'removal of theair man absolute scientific sense is "impossible,-'asvit has been found that even when ,exhaustion'is carried"to the highest ;.known degree there is still a certain amount "of air occluded or condensed upon solids v and that this occluded air, althoughcapable' of beingpartly removed by heating, can; never becompletely removed. Inthea'p-Q plication 'of my process, completely eliminatether'emovable airand the word com- I, v pletely refers tothat condition which .40 a'ir,although still present in minute vo l ume,has been entirely removed as an active ingredient. I clalm: I I

'1. The'hereindescribed process; of briduet "ing and pressing air-dry material" without [the aid of an agglutinant and completely removing the air therefrom, which consists in subjecting the material to pressure which rises duringadefinitefract-io'n'of-"the. duration of the pressure an increasing TiLIIlOllIlt per unit .of time as the percentage otair int-he material decreases/ '1 2. The hereindoscribcd process '0 ts. theaid of an agglutinant and completely removing the air-therefrom, which consists in subjecting the material to a-number of i 'pressuref stagcs; terminating with a final pressure stage of very high pressure, the isef'of pressure during a definite fraction of the duration' 'ofthe pressure increasing in amount per unit of time as the percent stratifying the waste metal, 1n a dry suba'gejof air in the material decreases. f .Th'e hercindcscribed process of briquetf briqtiet-w ring and pressingair-dry materiahwithout' and; air dry material without creases. 1 p 3 4,,Ilhe'hereindescribed processor briquetthe .aid of an agglutinant andcompletely insubjcctingthe material-to a large number minatingwith a'firial pressure stage ofvery decreases.-

raid ofa an agglutina-ntgand' completely resubjecting the Waste metal to .a' very high creasing amount per. unit of time. as the 6. The hereindcscribed process of briquetmoving the air. therefrom, which consists in bringing into contact 'w th'thewaste subsequent Working-off or smeltin of the jecting the materials to ver high pres:

sure which rises duringa definite fraction incasing'the waste metal with an inclosing shell composed of a dry substance ada ted and in; subjecting-the'niaterials to a very' fraction of the duration of the pressure an 8." The hereindescribed process of briquet- ,-in' and pressing wastemetal without the ai of anagglutinant and completely rcmovingthe air therefrom, whlch consists in stance adapted to promote the subsequent the 'aidof an'agglntinant andicompletely :removing'the air therefrom, which-consists in .subjectingrthe' materialto a: number of. umintcrrupte'dv pressure. stages terminating. with a final pressure" stage otveryfhigh pressure the rise of 'pressure d'urin'g a defi-- nite :fraction of the durationo'f the'pressure f increasing in amount per unit of time asthe percentage of air in the"material d e removing. the, air therefrom, which consists high pressure, therise ofi' pressure during" a definite fraction of the duration oiithe. pressure increasing in amount ,per umt 'po f time as the percentagejof' air'inthe material 5. The hereindescribed process of' briqnjet 'ingand'p1'essing.waste.meta1' without the moving the air therefrom, which consists in percentage of air in the, materiaLdecre-ases';

high pressure which rises during a definite:

7 ing and pressing air-dry-- material without of viable. continuous'pfes'sure s ages tern-s.

pressure which risesduring a definite 'frac-i- 4 .tion of the duration of the pressurean 1nin 'andpressing-waste metal without the ai of an aggl'utinant" and completelyre lot metal a dry-substance adapted-topromote the briquet which is finally formed,lan 'in sub v of theldurat-ion of the pressurejan incr'easing amount 'per-unit of t me as the per-.-

-aidof an aggllitinant and completely r e-;

moving the air,therefrom,wh 1ch consists in to promote the subsequent working-o or smelting of the 'briquet WhlCh- 1s formed, a

increasing amount. per unit of time as tn 2 .percentageof air in the materlalsdecreases.

"working-011" or smelting of the briquet which sformed,-'and in subjecting the materials toya very high pressure which rises during -a idefin'ite fraction of the duration of the pressure an increasing amount per 'iinit oftime asthe percentage of air in the inziterials decree scs.

9, t The hereindescribed process of briquetmg andpresslng air-dry material without the aid of anagglutinant and completely removing the air-therefrom, which consists in subjectingthe imaterial'to apressur'e which rises duringaldefiniteffraction ofthe dura- "tion of the pressure an increasing amount per unitzofftimeasflthe percentage of air-in the material decreases whereby a briquet is formed, and inqartili I dense the outside of the,briquet.

ciall making more 10? Thep'hereindelscribed process of briqueting and pres'sing air-dry material with out theaid-fo pletely removi a consists'in subject sure which rises during a definite fraction an; agglutinant and comthe air therefrom, which the material to, a presof the duration;of the pressure an increas:

ingamount per unit of time as the percentf: ageof air inlthe material decreases, wherev y by a briquet is formed, and inoxidizing the l outside-of the bri net. i

l queting and pressing air-dry material Withoutthe aidof an agglutinantand com- I "pletely removing the alr therefrom, which consists in subjecting the material to a pressure which risesduring a definitejraction" 'lL Th e herein escribed process of briof the fd ration of the pressure an increas- A ingf am ageof a1 a briquet isformed, and in artificially making more dense the outside of the briquet byheating the same.

per unit of time asfthe ercent 1n the material decreases, whereby 12; The hereindescrib ed-process of brinant and completely removing the air therea casing around the more eryhigh pressure which rises during a etinite fraction of the duration quet'ing and pressing difi'erent kinds and completely removing the air therefrom,

which consists inma netically stratifying the" materials in suc manner thattahe sligh tly magnetic and less refractorypinateetal, and in, subjecting the- I ressure an increasing amount per unitofftime' as the percentage of air in the "matefiialadecreases. w a i 13;?! The hereindescribed process ofibr Waste metahumetallic ores or mixtures (if the samie without the aid of an agglut rial locatedoutside the more magnetic and more refractory material, and in subjecting the stratified materials to a very high pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration of the pressure an increasing amount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the material decreases.

14. The hereindescribed process of briqueting'and pressing without theaid of an 'agglutlnant air-.dr material capable of compression to a co (1' liquid state and com vpletely removing the air therefrom, which consists in subjecting the material to a pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration of the pressure an mcreasingamount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the material decreases until the vcold li uidstate is obtained-in the material.

15. l h e hereindescribed process of briqueting and pressing without-the aid of an agglutmant air-dry ,material capable of compression to a cold liquid state and completely removing the air therefrom, which consists in subjecting the material to a pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration of the pressure an increasing amount per unit of time as the percent age of air in the material decreases-untilthe cold liquid staterisobtained' in part of-the compressed=-ihass -16, The hereindescribed process of brig quetingian'd pressing waste metal and metal plates" Without the aid of an agglutinant and completely removing the air therefrom, which consists in subjecting the same to a very high pressure which rises during a-- definite fraction of the duration of the ressure anincreasing amount per unit" of ime as the percerlage of air imthe material decreases until the cold a liquid state is obv 'tained and a solid block of metal is obtained by a cold process. 1

17.The herein escribed process of bri- "queting and pressing different waste metals andvmetal plates without the aid-of an agglutinantand' completely removing the air therefrom," which consists in subjecting the same as a very high pressure which r fles he pressure an increasing amount per unit obtained by a cold process;

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

, I ARPAD RONAY. Witnesses;

HENRY HABPER,

WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

durin'g'a definite fraction of the duration of t i f ime as the percentage of air in thewaste I etalsand metal plates decreases untilthe cold liquid state is obtained and an alloy is

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