TWM544730U - Power source device with protection mechanism - Google Patents
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Description
本新型有關於一種電源裝置,特別是一種具有保護機制的電源裝置。The present invention relates to a power supply device, and more particularly to a power supply device having a protection mechanism.
一般來說,馬達或伺服器等裝置(含其控制及驅動電路)需與高功率的電源裝置連接,以便於取得電源裝置所提供的電源進行正常運作。但馬達或伺服器等裝置的輸入端經常有穩壓線路(通常是由大電容組成),用來提供負載變動時穩壓的功能。當高功率的電源裝置的主電源開關瞬間啟動運作時,這些穩壓線路的大電容會瞬間產生巨大的電流,即所謂的湧浪電流(Inrush Current)。這些過大的湧浪電流會使得保護電路誤判電路有短路的情況發生而啟動短路保護功能,導致馬達或伺服器無法正常運作。Generally, devices such as motors or servos (including their control and drive circuits) need to be connected to a high-power power supply unit in order to obtain the power supply provided by the power supply unit for normal operation. However, the input terminals of devices such as motors or servos often have a voltage stabilizing line (usually composed of a large capacitor) to provide a voltage regulation function when the load changes. When the main power switch of a high-power power supply unit is activated for a moment, the large capacitance of these regulated lines instantaneously generates a huge current, so-called Inrush Current. These excessive surge currents cause the protection circuit to misjudge the circuit and cause a short circuit to activate the short circuit protection function, resulting in the motor or servo not functioning properly.
雖然,有些電源裝置設有開關,甚至有些電源裝置可支持軟啟動功能,但使用者有時在電源裝置未先接好負載前,將電源裝置啟動,使得軟啟動功能執行完畢,造成電源裝置的輸出端產生電源電壓。在電源裝置的輸出端產生電源電壓的狀態下,當使用者將電源裝置與負載(火線)連接時,會瞬間產生巨大的湧浪電流,使得保護電路誤判電路有短路的情況發生而啟動短路保護功能,導致馬達或伺服器無法正常運作。Although some power supply units are equipped with switches, and even some power supply units can support the soft start function, the user sometimes activates the power supply unit before the power supply unit is connected to the load, so that the soft start function is completed, resulting in the power supply unit. The output generates a supply voltage. In the state where the power supply voltage is generated at the output end of the power supply device, when the user connects the power supply device to the load (hot wire), a huge surge current is instantaneously generated, so that the protection circuit misjudges that the circuit has a short circuit and starts the short circuit protection. Function that causes the motor or servo to malfunction.
另外,為了避免保護電路的誤動作以及長期允許湧浪電流的存在,會造成電源裝置及其內部元件的損壞,以致電源裝置不穩定或壽命減短。因此,供電裝置仍有改善的空間。In addition, in order to avoid the malfunction of the protection circuit and the long-term allowable surge current, the power supply device and its internal components may be damaged, so that the power supply device is unstable or the life is shortened. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the power supply device.
有鑑於此,本新型提供一種具有保護機制的電源裝置,藉以避免因只是瞬間的湧浪電流而誤判成短路現象,造成具有保護機制的電源裝置鎖定在保護狀態,同時可以壓抑或分割湧浪電流的電流值及能量,增加電路使用的安全性、便利性及可靠性。In view of this, the present invention provides a power supply device with a protection mechanism to avoid a short circuit phenomenon due to an instantaneous surge current, thereby causing a power supply device with a protection mechanism to be locked in a protection state, and at the same time, can suppress or divide the surge current. The current value and energy increase the safety, convenience and reliability of the circuit.
本新型提供一種具有保護機制的電源裝置,包括電源單元、軟啟動調整單元、輸出端、檢測單元與控制單元。電源單元產生電源電壓。軟啟動調整單元耦接電源單元,接收電源電壓與多個控制信號,並依據前述控制信號而將電源電壓轉換成軟啟動電流,並調整及輸出軟啟動電流或輸出或關閉電源電壓。輸出端耦接軟啟動調整單元,適於輸出軟啟動電流或電源電壓。檢測單元耦接輸出端,檢測輸出端的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,以產生檢測信號。控制單元耦接檢測單元與軟啟動調整單元,接收檢測信號,以產生控制信號。The invention provides a power supply device with a protection mechanism, comprising a power supply unit, a soft start adjustment unit, an output end, a detection unit and a control unit. The power supply unit generates a power supply voltage. The soft start adjustment unit is coupled to the power supply unit, receives the power supply voltage and the plurality of control signals, and converts the power supply voltage into a soft start current according to the foregoing control signal, and adjusts and outputs the soft start current or outputs or turns off the power supply voltage. The output end is coupled to the soft start adjustment unit and is adapted to output a soft start current or a power supply voltage. The detecting unit is coupled to the output end, and detects a current state and/or a voltage state of the output end to generate a detection signal. The control unit is coupled to the detecting unit and the soft start adjusting unit, and receives the detection signal to generate a control signal.
本新型提供一種具有保護機制的電源裝置,包括電源單元、開關單元、輸出端、檢測單元與控制單元。電源單元產生電源電壓。開關單元耦接電源單元,接收電源電壓與控制信號,以依據控制信號,輸出或關閉電源電壓。輸出端耦接開關單元,適於輸出電源電壓。檢測單元耦接該輸出端,檢測輸出端的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,以產生檢測信號。控制單元耦接檢測單元與開關單元,接收檢測信號,以產生控制信號。The invention provides a power supply device with a protection mechanism, comprising a power supply unit, a switch unit, an output end, a detection unit and a control unit. The power supply unit generates a power supply voltage. The switch unit is coupled to the power supply unit and receives the power supply voltage and the control signal to output or turn off the power supply voltage according to the control signal. The output end is coupled to the switch unit and is adapted to output a power supply voltage. The detecting unit is coupled to the output end to detect a current state and/or a voltage state of the output terminal to generate a detection signal. The control unit is coupled to the detecting unit and the switching unit, and receives the detection signal to generate a control signal.
本實施例所提供之具有保護機制的電源裝置,藉由檢測單元檢測輸出端的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,以產生檢測信號,且控制單元根據檢測信號來判斷具有保護機制的電源裝置的運作狀態,並產生對應的控制信號來控制軟啟動調整單元或開關單元進行相應的操作,以決定是否持續提供輸出電壓或進入保護狀態。如此一來,可以有效地判斷電路是否確實有短路的情況發生而避免誤動作的情況發生,即避免只是瞬間的湧浪電流而誤判成短路現象,同時將一個巨大的湧浪電流的電流及能量,藉由軟啟動調整單元導入軟啟動程序或利用開關單元多次短路保護進行分割,進而避免將具有保護機制的電源裝置鎖定在保護狀態。The power supply device with the protection mechanism provided by the embodiment detects the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal by the detecting unit to generate a detection signal, and the control unit determines the operating state of the power supply device with the protection mechanism according to the detection signal. And generate corresponding control signals to control the soft start adjustment unit or the switch unit to perform corresponding operations to determine whether to continuously provide the output voltage or enter the protection state. In this way, it can effectively judge whether the circuit actually has a short circuit and avoid the occurrence of malfunction, that is, avoid the instantaneous surge current and misinterpret the short circuit phenomenon, and at the same time, the current and energy of a huge surge current. The soft start program is introduced by the soft start adjustment unit or divided by the switch unit multiple short circuit protection, thereby preventing the power supply device with the protection mechanism from being locked in the protection state.
以上之關於本創作內容之說明及以下之實施方式之說明用以示範與解釋本創作之精神與原理,並且提供本創作之專利申請範圍更進一步之解釋。The above description of the present invention and the following description of the embodiments are intended to illustrate and explain the spirit and principles of the present invention, and to provide a further explanation of the scope of the patent application of the present invention.
以下在實施方式中詳細敘述本創作之詳細特徵以及優點,其內容足以使任何熟習相關技藝者了解本創作之技術內容並據以實施,且根據本說明書所揭露之內容、申請專利範圍及圖式,任何熟習相關技藝者可輕易地理解本創作相關之目的及優點。以下之實施例進一步詳細說明本創作之觀點,但非以任何觀點限制本創作之範疇。The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail below in the embodiments, which are sufficient to enable any skilled artisan to understand the technical contents of the present invention and implement it according to the contents, the scope of the patent application and the drawings. Anyone familiar with the relevant art can easily understand the purpose and advantages of this creation. The following examples further illustrate the inventive concept, but do not limit the scope of the creation in any way.
如在說明書及申請專利範圍當中使用了某些詞彙來指稱特定元件。本領域技術人員應可理解,硬體製造商可能會用不同名詞來稱呼同一個元件。本說明書及申請專利範圍並不以名稱的差異來作為區分元件的方式,而是以元件在功能上的差異來作為區分的準則。如在通篇說明書及申請專利範圍當中所提及的“包含”為一開放式用語,故應解釋成“包含但不限定於”。“大致”是指在可接收的誤差範圍內,本領域技術人員能夠在一定誤差範圍內解決所述技術問題,基本達到所述技術效果。此外,“耦接”一詞在此包含任何直接及間接的電性耦接手段。因此,若文中描述一第一裝置耦接於一第二裝置,則代表所述第一裝置可直接電性耦接於所述第二裝置,或通過其他裝置或耦接手段間接地電性耦接至所述第二裝置。說明書後續描述為實施本申請的較佳實施方式,然所述描述乃以說明本申請的一般原則為目的,並非用以限定本申請的範圍。本申請的保護範圍當視所附申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular elements. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a hardware manufacturer may refer to the same component by a different noun. The scope of the present specification and the patent application do not use the difference in the name as the means for distinguishing the elements, but the difference in function of the elements as the criterion for distinguishing. As used in the specification and the scope of the patent application, "include" is an open term and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". "Substantially" means that within the range of acceptable errors, those skilled in the art will be able to solve the technical problems within a certain error range, substantially achieving the technical effects. In addition, the term "coupled" is used herein to include any direct and indirect electrical coupling means. Therefore, if a first device is coupled to a second device, the first device can be directly electrically coupled to the second device, or electrically coupled indirectly through other devices or coupling means. Connected to the second device. The description of the specification is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention. The scope of protection of this application is subject to the definition of the scope of the appended claims.
還需要說明的是,術語“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他變體意在涵蓋非排他性的包含,從而使得包括一系列要素的過程、方法、商品或者系統不僅包括那些要素,而且還包括沒有明確列出的其他要素,或者是還包括為這種過程、方法、商品或者系統所固有的要素。在沒有更多限制的情況下,由語句“包括一個……”限定的要素,並不排除在包括所述要素的過程、方法、商品或者系統中還存在另外的相同要素。It is also to be understood that the terms "comprises", "comprising" or "comprising" or any other variations are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or Other elements not explicitly listed, or elements that are inherent to such a process, method, commodity, or system. An element that is defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional equivalent elements in the process, method, item, or system including the element, without further limitation.
以下所列舉的各實施例中,將以相同的標號代表相同或相似的元件或構件。In the various embodiments listed below, the same or similar elements or members will be denoted by the same reference numerals.
圖1為本創作之第一實施例所揭露之具有保護機制的電源裝置的示意圖。具有保護機制的電源裝置100包括電源單元110、軟啟動調整單元120、輸出端130、檢測單元140與控制單元150。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device with a protection mechanism disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention. The power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism includes a power supply unit 110, a soft start adjustment unit 120, an output terminal 130, a detection unit 140, and a control unit 150.
電源單元110產生電源電壓。在本實施例中,電源單元110例如為電源供應器或電池組,以產生大功率的電源電壓,以便於提供給外部負載使用。The power supply unit 110 generates a power supply voltage. In the present embodiment, the power supply unit 110 is, for example, a power supply or a battery pack to generate a high-power supply voltage to facilitate supply to an external load.
軟啟動調整單元120耦接電源單元110,接收電源電壓與多個控制信號,以依據多個控制信號,將電源電壓轉換成軟啟動電流,並調整及輸出軟啟動電流或輸出或關閉電源電壓。也就是說,軟啟動調整單元120受多個控制信號的控制,以調整軟啟動電流的大小,或是直接輸出或關閉電源電壓。The soft start adjustment unit 120 is coupled to the power supply unit 110, and receives the power supply voltage and the plurality of control signals to convert the power supply voltage into a soft start current according to the plurality of control signals, and adjust and output the soft start current or output or turn off the power supply voltage. That is to say, the soft start adjustment unit 120 is controlled by a plurality of control signals to adjust the magnitude of the soft start current or to directly output or turn off the power supply voltage.
進一步來說,軟啟動調整單元120包含主迴路主開關121及電流調整單元122(如軟啟動程序的有阻抗的限流迴路)。主迴路主開關121耦接電源單元110、控制單元150與輸出端130。電流調整單元122耦接控制單元150且並聯耦接主迴路主開關121。舉例來說,當軟啟動調整單元120開始運作軟啟動程序時,會根據控制單元150所產生的多個不同的控制信號,來動態控制電流調整單元122以產生不同的軟啟動電流的電流值,並控制主迴路主開關121斷開而不輸出電源電壓。或是,當軟啟動程序完成時,控制主迴路主開關121啟動而直接輸出電源電壓,並關閉電流調整單元122的運作。或是,當軟啟動程序進行中,控制單元150發現軟啟動程序無法正常完成,如外部線路短路,控制單元150會關閉主迴路主開關121及關閉電流調整單元122的運作,即關閉電源電壓的輸出。Further, the soft start adjustment unit 120 includes a main circuit main switch 121 and a current adjustment unit 122 (such as an impedance-limited current limiting circuit of a soft start program). The main circuit main switch 121 is coupled to the power supply unit 110, the control unit 150, and the output terminal 130. The current adjustment unit 122 is coupled to the control unit 150 and coupled to the main circuit main switch 121 in parallel. For example, when the soft start adjustment unit 120 starts to operate the soft start program, the current adjustment unit 122 is dynamically controlled according to a plurality of different control signals generated by the control unit 150 to generate current values of different soft start currents. And the main circuit main switch 121 is controlled to be turned off without outputting the power supply voltage. Alternatively, when the soft start procedure is completed, the main circuit main switch 121 is controlled to be activated to directly output the power supply voltage, and the operation of the current adjustment unit 122 is turned off. Alternatively, when the soft start program is in progress, the control unit 150 finds that the soft start program cannot be completed normally. If the external line is shorted, the control unit 150 turns off the operation of the main circuit main switch 121 and the off current adjustment unit 122, that is, the power supply voltage is turned off. Output.
輸出端130耦接軟啟動調整單元120,適於輸出軟啟動電流或電源電壓。並且,輸出端130亦適於與外部負載連接,以將軟啟動電流或電源電壓輸出至外部負載,而供外部負載使用。The output end 130 is coupled to the soft start adjustment unit 120 and is adapted to output a soft start current or a power supply voltage. Moreover, the output terminal 130 is also adapted to be connected to an external load to output a soft start current or a power supply voltage to an external load for use by an external load.
檢測單元140耦接輸出端130,檢測輸出端130的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,以產生檢測信號。其中,輸出端130的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態例如包括軟啟動電流的電流值的大小及/或輸出端130的電壓值、當具有保護機制的電源裝置100在運作狀態下輸出端130與外部負載連接時所產生的瞬間電流值的變化、或是線路短路時所產生的電流值的變化。The detecting unit 140 is coupled to the output end 130 and detects the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal 130 to generate a detection signal. The current state and/or voltage state of the output terminal 130 includes, for example, the magnitude of the current value of the soft-start current and/or the voltage value of the output terminal 130, and when the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism is in the operating state, the output terminal 130 and the external portion. A change in the instantaneous current value generated when the load is connected, or a change in the current value generated when the line is short-circuited.
控制單元150耦接檢測單元140與軟啟動調整單元120,接收檢測信號,以產生控制信號。也就是說,當控制單元150接收到檢測信號時,可以根據系統(即具有保護機制的電源裝置100)當時運作的情境或狀態,檢測信號中的電流值及/或電壓值的變化,來判斷具有保護機制的電源裝置100的運作對策機制,而對應產生控制信號。並且,前述的運作狀態例如包括軟啟動單元130是否完成軟啟動操作、輸出端130是否在具有保護機制的電源裝置100已開始運作時才與外部負載連接或是具有保護機制的電源裝置100是否第一次檢測到負載電流就達到觸發生短路保護的現象。The control unit 150 is coupled to the detecting unit 140 and the soft start adjusting unit 120 to receive the detection signal to generate a control signal. That is to say, when the control unit 150 receives the detection signal, it can determine the change of the current value and/or the voltage value in the signal according to the situation or state of the system (ie, the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism). The operation countermeasure mechanism of the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism generates a control signal correspondingly. Moreover, the foregoing operational state includes, for example, whether the soft start unit 130 completes the soft start operation, whether the output terminal 130 is connected to the external load when the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism has started to operate, or whether the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism is the first When the load current is detected once, the short-circuit protection is reached.
在整體操作上,假設具有保護機制的電源裝置100確實與外部負載連接,即輸出端130與外部負載連接。接著,使用者操作具有保護機制的電源裝置100的啟動開關,以便具有保護機制的電源裝置100開始運作,使得控制單元150產生控制信號給軟啟動調整單元120,以進行軟啟動操作。也就是說,軟啟動調整單元120會調整及輸出軟啟動電流,再透過輸出端130輸出軟啟動電流給外部負載。接著,檢測單元140可檢測輸出端130的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,而據以產生檢測信號給控制單元150,使得控制單元150進行對應的後續操作,以便達到監控與保護的效果。In overall operation, it is assumed that the power supply unit 100 having the protection mechanism is indeed connected to an external load, that is, the output terminal 130 is connected to an external load. Next, the user operates the start switch of the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism so that the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism starts operating, so that the control unit 150 generates a control signal to the soft start adjustment unit 120 for the soft start operation. That is to say, the soft start adjustment unit 120 adjusts and outputs the soft start current, and then outputs the soft start current to the external load through the output terminal 130. Then, the detecting unit 140 can detect the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal 130, and generate a detection signal to the control unit 150, so that the control unit 150 performs corresponding subsequent operations to achieve the monitoring and protection effect.
當軟啟動程序尚未完成時,控制單元150便會透過檢測單元140持續監控輸出端130所輸出之軟啟動電流的電流值是否正常。若是輸出端130所檢測到的軟啟動電流的電流值為正常時,控制單元150例如會產生不同的控制信號來控制軟啟動調整單元120調整對應的軟啟動電流的大小,使得外部負載的工作電壓逐漸地增加到相同或接近於電源電壓的電壓值。當完成軟啟動程序時,控制單元150會產生對應的控制信號來控制軟啟動調整單元120將電源電壓直接輸出給外部負載,以供外部負載使用。When the soft start procedure has not been completed, the control unit 150 continuously monitors whether the current value of the soft start current output by the output terminal 130 is normal through the detecting unit 140. If the current value of the soft start current detected by the output terminal 130 is normal, the control unit 150 generates different control signals to control the soft start adjustment unit 120 to adjust the corresponding soft start current to make the working voltage of the external load. Gradually increase to a voltage value that is the same or close to the power supply voltage. When the soft start procedure is completed, the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal to control the soft start adjustment unit 120 to directly output the power supply voltage to the external load for use by the external load.
另外,當軟啟動程序進行過程中,若是檢測單元140所產生的檢測信號的電流值不是所預期的軟啟動電流的大小,並且此電流值大於控制單元150中的預設軟啟動電流值,表示電路可能有短路的情況發生。在一預設監控時間後,當控制單元150判斷出其所接收到的檢測信號的電流值仍大於預設電流值時,表示電路有短路的情況發生,控制單元150產生對應的控制信號,將具有保護機制的電源裝置100停止輸出軟啟動電流或完全關閉,或是發出告警指示電路有短路的情況發生,進而告知使用者需要對具有保護機制的電源裝置100或其外部負載進行後續維修的處理。In addition, when the soft start program is in progress, if the current value of the detection signal generated by the detecting unit 140 is not the expected soft start current, and the current value is greater than the preset soft start current value in the control unit 150, A circuit may have a short circuit. After a preset monitoring time, when the control unit 150 determines that the current value of the received detection signal is still greater than the preset current value, indicating that the circuit has a short circuit, the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal, which will The power supply device 100 with the protection mechanism stops outputting the soft start current or is completely turned off, or issues an alarm indicating that the circuit has a short circuit, thereby informing the user that the subsequent maintenance of the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism or its external load is required. .
在另一實施例中,假設具有保護機制的電源裝置100尚未與外部負載連接,即輸出端130未與外部負載連接,並且使用者操作具有保護機制的電源裝置100的啟動開關,以便具有保護機制的電源裝置100開始運作,使得控制單元150控制軟啟動調整單元120進行軟啟動程序。接著,控制單元150便會透過檢測單元140持續監控輸出端130的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態是否正常,而控制單元150會發現輸出端130未與外部負載連接,此時控制單元150會回復到進行軟啟動程序的初始狀態,即不啟動主迴路主開關121,只啟動軟啟動程序的有阻抗的限流路徑,等待與外部負載連接,以便重新進行軟啟動程序。在超過一預設的”空載閒置時間”的等待,控制單元150產生對應的控制信號,可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置100完全關閉,以節省功耗。In another embodiment, it is assumed that the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism has not been connected to the external load, that is, the output terminal 130 is not connected to the external load, and the user operates the startup switch of the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism to have a protection mechanism. The power supply unit 100 starts operating, so that the control unit 150 controls the soft start adjustment unit 120 to perform a soft start procedure. Then, the control unit 150 continuously monitors whether the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal 130 is normal through the detecting unit 140, and the control unit 150 finds that the output terminal 130 is not connected to the external load, and the control unit 150 returns to the current time. The initial state of the soft start program is performed, that is, the main circuit main switch 121 is not activated, only the impedance current limiting path of the soft start program is started, and waiting for connection with an external load to restart the soft start procedure. After waiting for more than a predetermined "no-load idle time", the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal, and the power supply device 100 with the protection mechanism can be completely turned off to save power consumption.
另一情況,在未超過一預設的”空載閒置時間”,使用者將外部負載與具有保護機制的電源裝置100連接,即外部負載與輸出端130連接,由於具有保護機制的電源裝置100已經處在軟啟動程序的初始狀態,因此檢測單元140會檢測到外部負載連接時所產生的檢測信號的電流值給控制單元150,控制單元150會產生對應的控制信號,以完成軟啟動程序,並監控軟啟動程序的過程是否正常。若此電流值大於控制單元150中的預設軟啟動電流值,表示電路有短路的情況發生。接著,控制單元150產生對應的控制信號,將具有保護機制的電源裝置100停止輸出軟啟動電流或完全關閉,或是發出告警指示電路有短路的情況發生,進而告知使用者需要對具有保護機制的電源裝置100或其外部負載進行後續維修的處理。In another case, the user connects the external load to the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism, that is, the external load is connected to the output terminal 130, due to a predetermined "no-load idle time", due to the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism. Already in the initial state of the soft start procedure, the detecting unit 140 detects the current value of the detection signal generated when the external load is connected to the control unit 150, and the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal to complete the soft start procedure. And monitor the process of the soft start program is normal. If the current value is greater than the preset soft start current value in the control unit 150, it indicates that the circuit has a short circuit. Then, the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal, and stops the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism from outputting the soft start current or completely shuts down, or issues an alarm indicating that the circuit has a short circuit, thereby informing the user that the protection mechanism is required. The power supply device 100 or its external load performs processing for subsequent maintenance.
在另一實施例中,假設具有保護機制的電源裝置100尚未與外部負載連接,即輸出端130未與外部負載連接,並且使用者操作具有保護機制的電源裝置100的啟動開關,以便具有保護機制的電源裝置100開始運作,使得控制單元150控制軟啟動調整單元120進行軟啟動程序且完成軟啟動程序作業,並控制主迴路主開關121啟動而軟啟動調整單元120直接輸出電源電壓。接著,控制單元150便會透過檢測單元140持續監控輸出端130的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態是否正常,等待與外部負載連接。在超過一預設的”空載閒置時間”的等待,控制單元150產生對應的控制信號,可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置100完全關閉,以節省功耗。In another embodiment, it is assumed that the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism has not been connected to the external load, that is, the output terminal 130 is not connected to the external load, and the user operates the startup switch of the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism to have a protection mechanism. The power supply device 100 starts to operate, so that the control unit 150 controls the soft start adjustment unit 120 to perform a soft start procedure and completes the soft start program operation, and controls the main circuit main switch 121 to be activated and the soft start adjustment unit 120 to directly output the power supply voltage. Then, the control unit 150 continuously monitors whether the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal 130 is normal through the detecting unit 140, and waits for connection with an external load. After waiting for more than a predetermined "no-load idle time", the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal, and the power supply device 100 with the protection mechanism can be completely turned off to save power consumption.
另一情況,在未超過一預設的”空載閒置時間”,使用者將外部負載與具有保護機制的電源裝置100連接,即外部負載與輸出端130連接,由於具有保護機制的電源裝置100已經完成軟啟動程序,並且主迴路主開關121已啟動,因此檢測單元140會持續檢測輸出端130的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,並產生檢測信號給控制單元150,以進行後續的處理。接著,當檢測單元140所產生的檢測信號的電流值突然增加時,且此電流值大於控制單元150中的預設短路電流值,表示電路可能有湧浪電流或短路的情況發生。此時,控制單元150會啟動短路保護,關斷主迴路主開關121,並重新啟動軟啟動程序來限制湧浪電流或進行短路的保護。In another case, the user connects the external load to the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism, that is, the external load is connected to the output terminal 130, due to a predetermined "no-load idle time", due to the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism. The soft start procedure has been completed and the main loop main switch 121 has been activated, so the detection unit 140 will continuously detect the current state and/or voltage state of the output terminal 130 and generate a detection signal to the control unit 150 for subsequent processing. Then, when the current value of the detection signal generated by the detecting unit 140 suddenly increases, and the current value is greater than the preset short-circuit current value in the control unit 150, it indicates that the circuit may have a surge current or a short circuit. At this time, the control unit 150 activates the short circuit protection, turns off the main circuit main switch 121, and restarts the soft start procedure to limit the surge current or the short circuit protection.
之後,在重新啟動的軟啟動程序過程中,控制單元150會持續判讀出其所接收到的從檢測單元140所產生的檢測信號的電流值,若檢測信號的電流值小於預設軟啟動電流值時,表示電路未有短路的情況發生,亦即前述電流值突然增加為瞬間的湧浪電流,控制單元150產生對應的控制信號,以控制軟啟動調整單元120繼續進行軟啟動程序。若在重新啟動的軟啟動程序過程中,檢測信號的電流值大於預設軟啟動電流值時,表示電路有短路的情況發生,控制單元150產生對應的控制信號,將具有保護機制的電源裝置100停止輸出軟啟動電流或完全關閉,或是可以發出告警指示電路有短路的情況發生,進而告知使用者需要對具有保護機制的電源裝置100或其外部負載進行後續維修的處理。或是,控制單元150可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置100鎖定在保護狀態,或可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置100完全關閉,以節省功耗。After that, during the restarting soft start procedure, the control unit 150 continues to read the current value of the detection signal generated by the detection unit 140, if the current value of the detection signal is less than the preset soft start current value. When the circuit indicates that there is no short circuit, that is, the current value suddenly increases to an instantaneous surge current, the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal to control the soft start adjustment unit 120 to continue the soft start procedure. If the current value of the detection signal is greater than the preset soft start current value during the restarted soft start procedure, indicating that the circuit has a short circuit, the control unit 150 generates a corresponding control signal, and the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism The output of the soft start current is stopped or completely turned off, or an alarm can be issued to indicate that the circuit has a short circuit, thereby informing the user that the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism or its external load needs to be subjected to subsequent maintenance. Alternatively, the control unit 150 may lock the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism in a protected state, or may completely shut down the power supply device 100 having the protection mechanism to save power consumption.
圖2為本創作之第二實施例所揭露之具有保護機制的電源裝置的示意圖。具有保護機制的電源裝置200包括電源單元210、開關單元220、輸出端230、檢測單元240、控制單元250。2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device with a protection mechanism disclosed in a second embodiment of the present invention. The power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism includes a power supply unit 210, a switch unit 220, an output terminal 230, a detection unit 240, and a control unit 250.
電源單元210產生電源電壓。在本實施例中,電源單元210例如為電源供應器或電池組,以產生大功率的電源電壓,以便於提供給外部負載使用。The power supply unit 210 generates a power supply voltage. In the present embodiment, the power supply unit 210 is, for example, a power supply or a battery pack to generate a high-power supply voltage to facilitate supply to an external load.
開關單元220耦接電源單元210,接收電源電壓與控制信號,以依據控制信號,輸出電源電壓。在本實施例中,開關單元220例如為場效應電晶體(MOSFET),且開關單元220受控制信號的控制而導通或不導通,以對應輸出或不輸出電源電壓。The switch unit 220 is coupled to the power unit 210 and receives the power voltage and the control signal to output the power voltage according to the control signal. In this embodiment, the switching unit 220 is, for example, a field effect transistor (MOSFET), and the switching unit 220 is turned on or off by the control signal to output or not output a power supply voltage.
輸出端230耦接開關單元220,適於輸出電源電壓。並且,輸出端230亦適於與外部負載連接,以將電源電壓輸出至外部負載,而供外部負載使用。The output terminal 230 is coupled to the switch unit 220 and is adapted to output a power supply voltage. Moreover, the output terminal 230 is also adapted to be connected to an external load to output a power supply voltage to an external load for use by an external load.
檢測單元240耦接輸出端230,檢測輸出端230的電流及/或電壓狀態,以產生檢測信號。其中,輸出端230的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態例如包括輸出端230的電壓值、當具有保護機制的電源裝置200在運作狀態下輸出端230與外部負載連接時所產生的瞬間電流值的變化或是線路短路時所產生的電流值的變化。The detecting unit 240 is coupled to the output terminal 230 to detect the current and/or voltage state of the output terminal 230 to generate a detection signal. The current state and/or voltage state of the output terminal 230 includes, for example, the voltage value of the output terminal 230, and the change of the instantaneous current value generated when the output terminal 230 of the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism is connected to the external load in the operating state. Or the change in the current value generated when the line is short-circuited.
控制單元250耦接檢測單元240與開關單元220,接收檢測信號,以產生控制信號。也就是說,當控制單元250接收到檢測信號時,可以根據檢測信號中的電流值及/或電壓值的變化及當時具有保護機制的電源裝置200的運作狀態來判斷進而對應產生控制信號。並且,前述的運作狀態例如包括輸出端230是否在具有保護機制的電源裝置200在開始運作之前或之後才與外部負載連接,或是具有保護機制的電源裝置200在連接外部負載之當時或之後是否發生線路短路的現象。這意謂控制單元250內的控制機制設定是可依當時具有保護機制的電源裝置200的運作狀態來”動態的”及”可重新設定的”,也就是控制單元250接收到檢測信號時,會依當時控制單元250內的控制機制設定值,來產生對應的控制信號。例如,具有保護機制的電源裝置200在第一次系統起始運作時,控制單元250內的”短路電流保護閾值"及/或”短路保護延遲時間閾值”的設定值可以設定為較敏感的較低值,以便將外部負載接入時的湧浪電流的電流大小及能量進行分割。在湧浪電流消除與分割過程完成後,可以將控制單元250內的”短路電流保護閾值"及/或”短路保護延遲時間閾值”的設定值設定為較不敏感的較高值,以進行一般正常運行狀態下的短路保護。The control unit 250 is coupled to the detecting unit 240 and the switching unit 220 to receive a detection signal to generate a control signal. That is to say, when the control unit 250 receives the detection signal, it can judge and correspondingly generate the control signal according to the change of the current value and/or the voltage value in the detection signal and the operation state of the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism at that time. Moreover, the foregoing operational state includes, for example, whether the output terminal 230 is connected to the external load before or after the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism is started, or whether the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism is connected to the external load or after A short circuit occurs. This means that the control mechanism setting in the control unit 250 is "dynamic" and "resettable" according to the operating state of the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism at the time, that is, when the control unit 250 receives the detection signal, The corresponding control signal is generated according to the control mechanism setting value in the control unit 250 at that time. For example, when the power supply device 200 with the protection mechanism starts operating in the first time, the set values of the "short circuit current protection threshold" and/or the "short circuit protection delay time threshold" in the control unit 250 can be set to be more sensitive. Low value to divide the current magnitude and energy of the surge current when the external load is connected. After the surge current elimination and segmentation process is completed, the set values of the "short circuit current protection threshold" and/or the "short circuit protection delay time threshold" in the control unit 250 may be set to a relatively less sensitive higher value for general operation. Short circuit protection under normal operating conditions.
在整體操作上,在一實施例中,假設具有保護機制的電源裝置200確實與外部負載連接,即輸出端230與外部負載連接。接著,使用者操作具有保護機制的電源裝置200的啟動開關,以便具有保護機制的電源裝置200開始運作,使得控制單元250產生控制信號給開關單元220,來控制開關單元220導通。也就是說,開關單元220會透過輸出端230輸出電源電壓給外部負載。接著,檢測單元240可檢測輸出端230的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,而據以產生檢測信號給控制單元250,使得控制單元250進行對應的後續操作,以便達到監控與保護的效果。In overall operation, in one embodiment, it is assumed that the power supply unit 200 with the protection mechanism is indeed connected to an external load, i.e., the output terminal 230 is connected to an external load. Next, the user operates the start switch of the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism, so that the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism starts to operate, so that the control unit 250 generates a control signal to the switch unit 220 to control the switch unit 220 to be turned on. That is to say, the switching unit 220 outputs a power supply voltage to the external load through the output terminal 230. Then, the detecting unit 240 can detect the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal 230, and generate a detection signal to the control unit 250, so that the control unit 250 performs corresponding subsequent operations to achieve the monitoring and protection effect.
當檢測單元240所產生的檢測信號的電流值突然增加時,並且此電流值大於控制單元250中的預設短路電流值,表示電路可能有湧浪電流或短路的情況發生。此時,控制單元250會啟動短路保護,並在一預設時間內,控制單元250會試圖分辨此短路電流的來源是湧浪電流或真實線路短路。接著,依一預設時間間距,控制單元250會依序產生對應的控制信號,類似模擬軟啟動行為,例如低邏輯準位的控制信號、高邏輯準位的控制信號、低邏輯準位的控制信號、高邏輯準位的控制信號、低邏輯準位的控制信號、高邏輯準位的控制信號,以控制開關單元220進行3次的導通與不導通,進而透過輸出端230提供電源電壓給外部負載。同時,控制單元250會持續透過檢測單元240檢測輸出端230的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,以判斷電路是否確實有真實外部線路短路的情況發生。When the current value of the detection signal generated by the detecting unit 240 suddenly increases, and the current value is greater than the preset short-circuit current value in the control unit 250, it indicates that the circuit may have a surge current or a short circuit. At this time, the control unit 250 starts the short circuit protection, and the control unit 250 tries to distinguish whether the source of the short circuit current is a surge current or a real line short circuit within a preset time. Then, according to a preset time interval, the control unit 250 sequentially generates corresponding control signals, similar to the analog soft start behavior, such as a low logic level control signal, a high logic level control signal, and a low logic level control. The signal, the control signal of the high logic level, the control signal of the low logic level, and the control signal of the high logic level are controlled to be turned on and off three times by the switching unit 220, and then the power supply voltage is supplied to the outside through the output terminal 230. load. At the same time, the control unit 250 continuously detects the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal 230 through the detecting unit 240 to determine whether the circuit actually has a short circuit of the real external line.
在一預設時間後,當控制單元250判斷出其所接收到的檢測信號的電流值仍持續大於預設短路電流值時,表示電路有短路的情況發生,控制單元250產生對應的控制信號,將具有保護機制的電源裝置200停止運作,或是發出告警指示電路有短路的情況發生,進而告知使用者需要對具有保護機制的電源裝置200或其外部負載進行後續維修的處理,或是可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置200鎖定在保護狀態,或可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置200完全關閉,以節省功耗。After a predetermined time, when the control unit 250 determines that the current value of the received detection signal continues to be greater than the preset short-circuit current value, indicating that the circuit has a short circuit, the control unit 250 generates a corresponding control signal. The power supply device 200 with the protection mechanism is stopped, or an alarm is issued to indicate that the circuit is short-circuited, thereby informing the user that the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism or its external load needs to be repaired later, or The power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism is locked in the protection state, or the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism can be completely turned off to save power consumption.
在另一實施例中,假設具有保護機制的電源裝置200尚未與外部負載連接,即輸出端230未與外部負載連接,並且使用者操作具有保護機制的電源裝置200的啟動開關,以便具有保護機制的電源裝置200開始運作,使得控制單元250控制開關單元220導通,以輸出電源電壓給輸出端230。接著,控制單元250會持續透過檢測單元240持續監控輸出端230的電流狀態是否正常,等待與外部負載連接。在超過一預設的”空載閒置時間”的等待, 控制單元250產生對應的控制信號,可以將具有保護機制的電源裝置200完全關閉,以節省功耗。In another embodiment, it is assumed that the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism has not been connected to the external load, that is, the output terminal 230 is not connected to the external load, and the user operates the startup switch of the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism to have a protection mechanism. The power supply unit 200 starts operating, so that the control unit 250 controls the switching unit 220 to be turned on to output a power supply voltage to the output terminal 230. Then, the control unit 250 continuously monitors whether the current state of the output terminal 230 is normal through the detecting unit 240, and waits for connection with an external load. After waiting for more than a predetermined "no-load idle time", the control unit 250 generates a corresponding control signal, and the power supply device 200 with the protection mechanism can be completely turned off to save power consumption.
另一情況,在未超過一預設的”空載閒置時間”,使用者將外部負載與具有保護機制的電源裝置200連接,即外部負載與輸出端230連接,由於具有保護機制的電源裝置200已經開始運作,因此檢測單元240所產生的檢測信號的電流值突然增加,若此電流值大於控制單元250中的預設短路電流值,表示電路可能有巨大的湧浪電流或短路的情況發生。此時,在一預設時間內,控制單元250會依序產生對應的控制信號,例如低邏輯準位的控制信號、高邏輯準位的控制信號、低邏輯準位的控制信號、高邏輯準位的控制信號、低邏輯準位的控制信號、高邏輯準位的控制信號,以控制開關單元220進行3次的導通與不導通,進而透過輸出端230提供電源電壓給外部負載。並且,控制單元250會持續透過檢測單元240檢測輸出端230的電流狀態,以判斷電路是否確實有短路的情況發生。In another case, the user connects the external load to the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism, that is, the external load is connected to the output terminal 230, due to a predetermined "no-load idle time", due to the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism. The operation has started, so that the current value of the detection signal generated by the detecting unit 240 suddenly increases. If the current value is greater than the preset short-circuit current value in the control unit 250, it indicates that the circuit may have a large surge current or a short circuit. At this time, the control unit 250 sequentially generates corresponding control signals, such as a low logic level control signal, a high logic level control signal, a low logic level control signal, and a high logic level. The control signal of the bit, the control signal of the low logic level, and the control signal of the high logic level control the switching unit 220 to conduct and conduct three times, and then supply the power supply voltage to the external load through the output terminal 230. Moreover, the control unit 250 continues to detect the current state of the output terminal 230 through the detecting unit 240 to determine whether the circuit actually has a short circuit.
接著,在一預設時間後,控制單元250判斷出其所接收到的檢測信號的電流值小於預設電流值時,表示電路未有短路的情況發生,亦即前述電流值突然增加為瞬間的湧浪電流,控制單元250產生對應的控制信號,以控制開關單元220持續導通以繼續提供電源電壓給外部負載,而不是誤判成短路現象,因此不會將具有保護機制的電源裝置200鎖定在保護狀態。Then, after a preset time, the control unit 250 determines that the current value of the received detection signal is less than the preset current value, indicating that the circuit does not have a short circuit, that is, the current value suddenly increases to an instant. The surge current, the control unit 250 generates a corresponding control signal to control the switch unit 220 to continuously conduct to continue to supply the power supply voltage to the external load, instead of erroneously determining the short circuit phenomenon, so the power supply device 200 with the protection mechanism is not locked in the protection. status.
進一步來說,具有保護機制的電源裝置200還包括計數及計時單元260。計數及計時單元260連接控制單元250,提供(可程式的)計數值給控制單元250,使得當檢測單元240所產生的檢測信號的電流值突然增加時,控制單元250可以根據計數值所對應的預設時間,來控制開關單元220進行對應的導通與不導通,並持續透過檢測單元240檢測輸出端230的電流狀態,以便判斷出電路是否有短路的情況發生或只是瞬間的湧浪電流。Further, the power supply device 200 having the protection mechanism further includes a counting and timing unit 260. The counting and timing unit 260 is connected to the control unit 250 to provide a (programmable) count value to the control unit 250, so that when the current value of the detection signal generated by the detecting unit 240 suddenly increases, the control unit 250 can correspond to the count value. The preset time is used to control the switching unit 220 to perform corresponding conduction and non-conduction, and continuously detect the current state of the output terminal 230 through the detecting unit 240 to determine whether the circuit has a short circuit or only an instantaneous surge current.
本實施例所提供之具有保護機制的電源裝置,藉由檢測單元檢測輸出端的電流狀態及/或電壓狀態,以產生檢測信號,且控制單元根據檢測信號來判斷電路是否有短路的情況發生,並產生對應的控制信號來控制軟啟動調整單元或開關單元進行相應的操作,以決定是否持續提供輸出電壓或進入保護狀態。如此一來,可以準確地判斷電路是否確實有短路的情況發生而避免誤動作的產生,即避免只是瞬間的湧浪電流而誤判成短路現象,同時將一個巨大的湧浪電流的電流及能量,藉由軟啟動調整單元導入軟啟動程序或多次短路保護進行分割,進而避免將具有保護機制的電源裝置鎖定在保護狀態。The power supply device with the protection mechanism provided by the embodiment detects the current state and/or the voltage state of the output terminal by the detecting unit to generate a detection signal, and the control unit determines whether the circuit has a short circuit according to the detection signal, and Corresponding control signals are generated to control the soft start adjustment unit or the switch unit to perform corresponding operations to determine whether to continuously provide an output voltage or enter a protection state. In this way, it is possible to accurately determine whether the circuit actually has a short circuit and avoid the occurrence of malfunction, that is, avoid the instantaneous surge current and misinterpret the short circuit phenomenon, and at the same time, borrow a huge current and energy of the surge current. The soft start adjustment unit introduces a soft start program or multiple short circuit protection for splitting, thereby preventing the power supply device with protection mechanism from being locked in the protection state.
雖然本創作以前述之實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本創作。在不脫離本創作之精神和範圍內,所為之更動與潤飾,均屬本創作之專利保護範圍。關於本創作所界定之保護範圍請參考所附之申請專利範圍。Although the present invention has been disclosed above in the foregoing embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The changes and refinements that are made without departing from the spirit and scope of this creation are within the scope of patent protection of this creation. Please refer to the attached patent application scope for the scope of protection defined by this creation.
100、200‧‧‧具有保護機制的電源裝置
110、210‧‧‧電源單元
120‧‧‧軟啟動調整單元
121‧‧‧主迴路主開關
122‧‧‧電流調整單元
130、230‧‧‧輸出端
140、240‧‧‧檢測單元
150、250‧‧‧控制單元
260‧‧‧計數及計時單元
220‧‧‧開關單元100,200‧‧‧Power supply units with protection mechanisms
110, 210‧‧‧Power unit
120‧‧‧Soft start adjustment unit
121‧‧‧Main circuit main switch
122‧‧‧Current adjustment unit
130, 230‧‧‧ output
140, 240‧‧‧Detection unit
150, 250‧‧‧ control unit
260‧‧‧Counting and timing unit
220‧‧‧Switch unit
圖1為本創作之第一實施例所揭露之具有保護機制的電源裝置的示意圖。 圖2為本創作之第二實施例所揭露之具有保護機制的電源裝置的示意圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device with a protection mechanism disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device with a protection mechanism disclosed in a second embodiment of the present invention.
100‧‧‧具有保護機制的電源裝置 100‧‧‧Power supply unit with protection mechanism
110‧‧‧電源單元 110‧‧‧Power unit
120‧‧‧軟啟動調整單元 120‧‧‧Soft start adjustment unit
121‧‧‧主迴路主開關 121‧‧‧Main circuit main switch
122‧‧‧電流調整單元 122‧‧‧Current adjustment unit
130‧‧‧輸出端 130‧‧‧ Output
140‧‧‧檢測單元 140‧‧‧Detection unit
150‧‧‧控制單元 150‧‧‧Control unit
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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TW106204431U TWM544730U (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-03-29 | Power source device with protection mechanism |
US15/640,560 US9954432B2 (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2017-07-02 | Power supply apparatus with soft-start and protection |
JP2017130339A JP6682477B2 (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2017-07-03 | Power supply with soft start and protection |
CN201711068641.0A CN107918426B (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-11-03 | Power supply device with soft start and protection functions |
DE102017129244.6A DE102017129244A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-12-08 | POWER SUPPLY WITH INTAKE AND PROTECTION |
KR1020180016082A KR102103594B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-02-09 | Power supply apparatus with soft―start and protection |
CA2999318A CA2999318C (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-03-26 | Power supply apparatus with soft-start and protection |
JP2020054718A JP6876844B2 (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2020-03-25 | Power supply with soft start and protection |
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TW106204431U TWM544730U (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-03-29 | Power source device with protection mechanism |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI696066B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-06-11 | 英業達股份有限公司 | A power control device and control method |
TWI699948B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-07-21 | 上銀科技股份有限公司 | Fan protection device |
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2017
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI696066B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-06-11 | 英業達股份有限公司 | A power control device and control method |
TWI699948B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-07-21 | 上銀科技股份有限公司 | Fan protection device |
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