TWM535610U - Shell mold sintering device - Google Patents
Shell mold sintering device Download PDFInfo
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本實用新型涉及精密鑄造工藝， 特別涉及一種殼模燒結裝置。The utility model relates to a precision casting process, in particular to a shell mold sintering device.
精密鑄造是相對於傳統鑄造工藝而言的一種鑄造方法， 它能夠獲得相對準確的形狀和較高的鑄造精度。精密鑄造的工藝過程為：首先，製作蠟模，該蠟模與所需鑄造的產品大小形狀相一致；然後，在所製作的蠟模表面形成陶殼；隨後，對所述陶殼進行脫蠟處理(將其內部的蠟模熔化後去除)；之後，在高溫下燒結陶殼；最後， 向燒結後的陶殼內澆注金屬材料，待金屬材料冷卻凝固後，破碎去除所述陶殼，得到的鑄件即為所需的產品。Precision casting is a casting method relative to conventional casting processes that achieves relatively accurate shape and high casting accuracy. The process of precision casting is: first, a wax mold is produced, which is consistent with the size and shape of the product to be cast; then, a ceramic shell is formed on the surface of the prepared wax mold; and then, the ceramic shell is dewaxed. Processing (after melting the wax mold inside thereof); after that, the ceramic shell is sintered at a high temperature; finally, the metal material is poured into the sintered ceramic shell, and after the metal material is cooled and solidified, the ceramic shell is broken and removed, and the ceramic shell is obtained. The casting is the desired product.
在上述工藝過程中，陶殼的製作至關重要，它的品質好壞決定了鑄件的優劣。目前，陶殼製作通常採用的方法為：殼模法，具體地常採用水溶性矽溶膠製殼法，該方法在製作陶殼時，是使用耐火材料配製不同的漿料與砂， 一層漿一層砂逐漸一層層的堆集在蠟模表面，製成所需要厚度的陶殼。然後，將製得的陶殼乾燥、脫蠟並放入燒結機內於900~1400℃下高溫燒結。由於燒結是殼模製作必不可少的一步環節，因此，燒結的好壞直接影響到殼模品質，以及最終鑄件的品質。In the above process, the production of ceramic shell is very important, and its quality determines the pros and cons of the casting. At present, the commonly used method for making ceramic shells is: shell moulding method, in particular, water-soluble cerium sol shelling method is used. In the method of making ceramic shell, refractory material is used to prepare different slurry and sand, and one layer of pulp is layered. The sand is gradually layered on the surface of the wax mold to form a ceramic shell of the desired thickness. Then, the obtained ceramic shell is dried, dewaxed, and placed in a sintering machine at a high temperature of 900 to 1400 ° C for sintering. Since sintering is an indispensable step in the production of shell molds, the quality of the shell directly affects the quality of the shell mold and the quality of the final casting.
現有技術通常採用平臺型燒結爐或隧道型燒結爐進行殼模的燒結工作，燒結過程中直接升溫至殼模燒結溫度進行燒結操作。兩者的區別在於：平臺型燒結爐，根據是否配備通風煙囪又分為如圖1-1所示的封閉式平臺型燒結爐，其燒結過程為：首先將脫蠟後的殼模澆口杯向下倒扣於燒結爐內腔1的平臺上，然後關閉封閉門3同時控制系統4控制加熱裝置2對燒結爐內腔1進行加熱直至燒結爐內腔1的溫度達到殼模燒結溫度，控制系統4控制加熱裝置維持燒結爐內腔1的溫度，對殼模進行燒結操作，全程燒結爐內腔1近似處於封閉狀態；以及如圖1-2所示的對流式平臺型燒結爐，其燒結過程為：首先將脫蠟後的殼模澆口杯向下倒扣於燒結爐內腔1的平臺上，然後關閉封閉門4同時控制系統5控制加熱裝置2對燒結爐內腔1進行加熱直至燒結爐內腔1的溫度達到殼模燒結溫度，控制系統5控制加熱裝置維持燒結爐內腔1的溫度，對殼模進行燒結操作，由於燒結爐內腔1連接有敞開的對流煙道3，因此燒結過程全程處於熱對流狀態。In the prior art, the sintering process of the shell mold is usually carried out by using a platform type sintering furnace or a tunnel type sintering furnace, and the sintering temperature is directly raised to the sintering temperature of the shell mold for sintering operation. The difference between the two is that the platform type sintering furnace is divided into a closed platform type sintering furnace as shown in Figure 1-1 according to whether it is equipped with a ventilation chimney. The sintering process is as follows: firstly, the decarburized shell mold is poured into the cup. Downwardly buckled on the platform of the inner chamber 1 of the sintering furnace, and then closes the closing door 3 while the control system 4 controls the heating device 2 to heat the inner chamber 1 of the sintering furnace until the temperature of the inner chamber 1 of the sintering furnace reaches the sintering temperature of the shell mold, and the control The system 4 controls the heating device to maintain the temperature of the inner cavity 1 of the sintering furnace, and performs a sintering operation on the shell mold, and the inner chamber 1 of the whole sintering furnace is approximately closed; and the convection platform type sintering furnace shown in Fig. 1-2 is sintered. The process is as follows: firstly, the dewaxed shell mold pouring cup is turned down on the platform of the sintering furnace inner cavity 1, and then the closing door 4 is closed while the control system 5 controls the heating device 2 to heat the sintering furnace inner cavity 1 until The temperature of the inner cavity 1 of the sintering furnace reaches the sintering temperature of the shell mold, and the control system 5 controls the heating device to maintain the temperature of the inner cavity 1 of the sintering furnace, and performs a sintering operation on the shell mold. Since the inner chamber 1 of the sintering furnace is connected with the open convection flue 3, So sintered Cheng Chengcheng is in a state of thermal convection.
現有隧道型燒結爐，如圖2所示，其燒結過程為：脫蠟後的殼模，其澆口杯向下倒扣於一平板小車3上，將平板小車3推入燒結爐內腔1中，關閉封閉門4同時控制系統5啟動加熱裝置2對燒結爐內腔1進行加熱直至燒結爐內腔1的溫度達到殼模燒結溫度，控制系統5控制加熱裝置維持燒結爐內腔1的溫度，對殼模進行燒結操作，由於燒結爐內腔1下方鋪設有導軌，因此不能完全封閉，因導致燒結過程全程處於熱對流狀態。The existing tunnel type sintering furnace, as shown in FIG. 2, has a sintering process: a shell mold after dewaxing, the pouring cup is inverted downward on a flat trolley 3, and the flat trolley 3 is pushed into the sintering furnace. In the chamber 1, the closing door 4 is closed while the control system 5 activates the heating device 2 to heat the sintering furnace chamber 1 until the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber 1 reaches the shell mold sintering temperature, and the control system 5 controls the heating device to maintain the sintering furnace chamber 1 The temperature of the shell mold is sintered. Since the guide rail is laid under the inner chamber 1 of the sintering furnace, it cannot be completely closed, and the whole process of the sintering process is in a state of thermal convection.
現有燒結爐燒結殼模時需要澆口杯倒扣的目的在於防止殼模燒結過程中產生的陶渣掉落至殼模內，影響最終澆注製得的鑄件品質。In the existing sintering furnace, the purpose of the pouring cup is to prevent the slag generated during the sintering process of the shell mold from falling into the shell mold, thereby affecting the quality of the casting obtained by the final casting.
使用現有燒結方法和裝置存在以下問題：The following problems exist with existing sintering methods and devices:
1. 使用平臺型燒結爐燒結製得殼模，澆注鋼水後製得的鑄件上通常會帶有沙孔。1. The shell mold is obtained by sintering in a platform type sintering furnace, and the castings obtained by pouring molten steel usually have sand holes.
2. 使用封閉式平臺型燒結爐燒結製得的殼模，鑄件澆注鋼水時往往會存在鋼水向外噴濺的現象，使得澆注過程的危險係數大增；此外，製得的鑄件往往會因為存在穿入性氣孔而報廢。2. The shell mold obtained by sintering in a closed platform type sintering furnace often causes the molten steel to splash outward when casting the molten steel, which greatly increases the risk factor of the casting process; in addition, the obtained castings tend to Due to the presence of penetrating stomata, it is scrapped.
3. 使用對流式平臺型燒結爐和隧道型燒結爐，往往會在鑄件脫模時發生脫碳現象以及在鑄件上出現表面腐蝕現象。3. The use of convection platform type sintering furnaces and tunnel type sintering furnaces tends to cause decarburization during casting demoulding and surface corrosion on castings.
4. 如使用平臺型燒結爐進行連續生產，則使用第2爐及之後燒結的殼模澆注鋼水製得的鑄件，通常會存在灰邊——即毛邊或凸水紋，或出現淺凹圓底的雞爪紋——即凹水紋。4. If continuous production is carried out using a platform type sintering furnace, the castings obtained by casting the molten steel using the second furnace and the sintered shell mold usually have gray edges - that is, burrs or embossed water, or shallow concave circles. The bottom of the chicken claw pattern - that is, the concave water pattern.
上述問題，均會導致鑄件品質不穩定，從而導致鑄件次品、廢品率高，現行的解決方法通常是對次品進行進一步的精加工以達到需要的鑄件精度，對廢品進行迴圈再利用。現有解決方法雖然在一定程度彌補了鑄件品質問題，但是，現行的解決方法嚴重降低了生產效率、提高了生產成本、並且難以生產處精度足夠高的鑄件。All of the above problems will lead to unstable casting quality, resulting in defective castings and high scrap rate. The current solution is usually to further refine the defective products to achieve the required casting precision and recycle the waste. Although the existing solution compensates for the quality of the casting to a certain extent, the current solution seriously reduces the production efficiency, increases the production cost, and makes it difficult to produce a casting having a sufficiently high precision.
為解決上述問題，本創作的目的在於提供了一種新型殼模燒結裝置，該裝置包括殼模放置平臺、加熱裝置、鼓風裝置、排風煙道、控制系統、燒結內腔和封閉門；其中，待燒結殼模澆口杯倒扣放置於殼模放置平臺上；殼模放置平臺內裝於燒結內腔內；封閉門可以開啟或關閉燒結內腔；加熱裝置可以對燒結內腔進行加熱操作；鼓風裝置進風口一端位於燒結裝置外，出風口一端位於燒結內腔內；排風煙道內裝有開關裝置，其進風口一端位於燒結內腔內，出風口一端位於燒結裝置外；控制系統包括溫度感應模組和控制模組，其中溫度感應模組安裝於燒結內腔內，可以感應燒結內腔內的環境溫度並向控制模組回饋溫度資料，控制模組分別與加熱裝置、鼓風裝置和排風煙道內的開關裝置連接，可根據預設的程式控制加熱裝置、鼓風裝置以及排風煙道的開啟或關閉；In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel shell mold sintering apparatus, which comprises a shell mold placing platform, a heating device, a blowing device, a exhaust flue, a control system, a sintering inner chamber and a closed door; The inverted shell of the shell mold to be sintered is placed on the shell mold placing platform; the shell mold placing platform is installed in the sintering inner cavity; the closing door can open or close the sintering inner cavity; the heating device can heat the sintering inner cavity One end of the air inlet of the air blowing device is located outside the sintering device, one end of the air outlet is located in the sintering inner cavity; a switching device is arranged in the exhaust flue, one end of the air inlet is located in the sintering inner cavity, and one end of the air outlet is outside the sintering device; The system comprises a temperature sensing module and a control module, wherein the temperature sensing module is installed in the sintering cavity, can sense the ambient temperature in the sintering cavity and feed back the temperature data to the control module, and the control module is respectively connected with the heating device and the drum The wind device is connected to the switch device in the exhaust flue, and the heating device, the air blowing device and the exhaust flue can be controlled according to a preset program or Closed;
進一步的，所述殼模放置平臺可固定安裝於燒結內腔內或與燒結內腔活動連結。Further, the shell mold placement platform may be fixedly mounted in the sintered inner cavity or movably coupled to the sintered inner cavity.
進一步的，所述鼓風裝置和排風煙道可使燒結內腔內形成亂流氣流且亂流的風力強度不足以將陶渣吹入殼模內。Further, the air blowing device and the exhaust air flue may form a turbulent airflow in the sintering inner cavity and the turbulent wind strength is insufficient to blow the ceramin into the shell mold.
進一步的，鼓風裝置的鼓風通道內還裝有開光裝置B，該裝置可以開啟或關閉鼓風通道。Further, the air blowing device of the air blowing device is further provided with a light-opening device B, which can open or close the air blowing channel.
優選的，所述鼓風裝置內的開關裝置B安裝於鼓風裝置位於燒結內腔腔壁上的出風口外側。Preferably, the switching device B in the air blowing device is installed outside the air outlet of the air blowing device on the wall of the sintering inner cavity.
優選的，所述排風煙道內的開關裝置安裝於排風煙道位於燒結內腔腔壁上的進風口外側。Preferably, the switching device in the exhaust flue is installed outside the air inlet of the exhaust flue on the wall of the sintering inner cavity.
進一步的，所述控制系統還包括氧濃度監測模組，該模組的一端連入燒結內腔，可以監測燒結內腔中的即時氧濃度；另一端與控制模組連接，可將燒結內腔中的即時氧濃度回饋至控制模組；控制模組根據獲得的氧濃度控制鼓風裝置的輸出功率。Further, the control system further includes an oxygen concentration monitoring module, one end of the module is connected to the sintering cavity, and the instantaneous oxygen concentration in the sintering cavity can be monitored; the other end is connected to the control module, and the sintering cavity can be The instantaneous oxygen concentration is fed back to the control module; the control module controls the output power of the air blowing device according to the obtained oxygen concentration.
進一步的，所述殼模放置平臺放置殼模的一端面上帶有凹槽，凹槽寬度可以讓殼模燒結時產生的陶渣落入凹槽內且不會致使殼模自身滑落至凹槽內會發生殼模傾斜現象。Further, the shell mold placing platform is provided with a groove on one end surface of the shell mold, and the groove width can make the slag generated when the shell mold is sintered fall into the groove without causing the shell mold to slide down to the groove itself. The shell mold tilt phenomenon occurs inside.
進一步的，所述通過鼓風裝置和排風煙道在燒結內腔內形成的亂流氣流可以沿凹槽自殼模的澆口杯處進入殼模內部。Further, the turbulent airflow formed in the sintering cavity by the air blowing device and the exhaust flue can enter the interior of the shell mold along the groove from the gate cup of the shell mold.
優選的，如殼模只有一個澆口杯，則亂流氣流可在殼模內部形成對流；如殼模有多個澆口杯，則亂流氣流可在殼模內部形成環流。Preferably, if the shell mold has only one gate cup, the turbulent air flow can form convection inside the shell mold; if the shell mold has a plurality of gate cups, the turbulent air flow can form a circulation inside the shell mold.
優選的，殼模放置平臺上放置或安裝有一可拆卸或替換的平板，殼模放置於平板一端面上，平板放置殼模的端面上帶有凹槽，凹槽寬度可以讓殼模燒結時產生的陶渣落入凹槽內且不會致使殼模自身滑落至凹槽內會發生殼模傾斜現象。Preferably, a detachable or replaceable flat plate is placed or mounted on the shell mold placing platform, and the shell mold is placed on one end surface of the flat plate, and the end surface of the flat plate is placed with a groove on the end surface thereof, and the groove width can be generated when the shell mold is sintered. The slag is dropped into the groove and does not cause the shell mold to slip into the groove itself, which may cause the shell mold to tilt.
優選的，所述平板為組合式平板，平板整體由多塊子結構平板組合而成。Preferably, the flat plate is a combined flat plate, and the flat plate is integrally composed of a plurality of substructure flat plates.
進一步的，所述凹槽通過波浪形端面得到，此時，待燒結殼模的澆口杯杯壁倒扣放置於波浪形端面的波峰位置。Further, the groove is obtained by the undulating end surface, and at this time, the gate cup wall of the shell mold to be sintered is placed at the peak position of the wavy end surface.
優選的，波浪形端面的波浪結構其波峰高3~10cm。Preferably, the wave structure of the wavy end face has a peak height of 3 to 10 cm.
進一步的，所述排風煙道上還裝有震動裝置和清灰口，所述震動裝置可將排風煙道內壁上附著的煙塵震落至煙道的清灰口。Further, the exhaust flue is further provided with a vibrating device and a ash cleaning port, and the vibrating device can shake the dust attached to the inner wall of the exhaust flue to the ash cleaning port of the flue.
優選的，所述震動裝置包括：震動電機、驅動裝置和控制裝置。其中，震動電機活動安裝於排氣煙道外側壁上；控制裝置與震動電機連接，可以控制震動電機的開啟或關閉，同時可通過驅動裝置控制震動電機沿排氣煙道的外側壁運動。Preferably, the vibration device comprises: a vibration motor, a driving device and a control device. The vibration motor is movably mounted on the outer side wall of the exhaust flue; the control device is connected with the vibration motor to control the opening or closing of the vibration motor, and the vibration motor can be controlled to move along the outer side wall of the exhaust flue by the driving device.
優選的，所述驅動裝置包括驅動電機和運動軌道，控制裝置與驅動電機連接，可以根據預設程式通過驅動電機控制震動電機沿排氣煙道外側壁上的運動軌道運動。Preferably, the driving device comprises a driving motor and a moving track, and the control device is connected with the driving motor, and the moving motor can be controlled to move along the moving track on the outer sidewall of the exhaust flue by the driving motor according to a preset program.
本實用新型殼模燒結裝置的工作過程為：The working process of the shell mold sintering device of the utility model is as follows:
a. 在殼模放置平臺上放入待燒結殼模後，啟動裝置，控制裝置控制加熱裝置、鼓風裝置和排風煙道開啟；a. After the shell mold to be sintered is placed on the shell mold placing platform, the starting device is controlled, and the control device controls the heating device, the air blowing device and the exhaust flue to open;
b. 待燒結內腔溫度達到第一階段設定溫度時，控制加熱裝置的開啟或關閉，以維持燒結內腔溫度在第一階段設定溫度範圍內，維持時間根據殼模的形狀和複雜程度預先設定；b. When the temperature of the cavity to be sintered reaches the set temperature of the first stage, the heating device is turned on or off to maintain the temperature of the sintering cavity in the first set temperature range, and the maintenance time is preset according to the shape and complexity of the shell mold. ;
c. 關閉鼓風裝置和排風煙道，同時開啟加熱裝置，繼續加熱直至第二階段設定溫度；c. Close the air blowing device and the exhaust flue, and turn on the heating device to continue heating until the second stage set temperature;
d. 控制加熱裝置的開啟或關閉，以維持燒結內腔溫度在第二階段設定溫度範圍內，維持時間根據殼模的形狀和複雜程度預先設定。d. Controlling the opening or closing of the heating device to maintain the temperature of the sintering cavity within the set temperature range of the second stage, and the maintenance time is preset according to the shape and complexity of the shell mold.
優選的，所述第一階段設定溫度可以是600℃~800℃。Preferably, the first stage set temperature may be 600 ° C ~ 800 ° C.
所述第一階段設定溫度範圍為模蠟燃燒溫度至碳粉燃燒溫度。The first stage set temperature ranges from the mold wax combustion temperature to the carbon powder combustion temperature.
優選的，所述第一階段設定的溫度範圍可以是600℃~800℃。Preferably, the temperature set in the first stage may be in the range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C.
優選的，所述第二階段設定溫度可以是1200℃~1400℃。Preferably, the second stage set temperature may be 1200 ° C ~ 1400 ° C.
所述第二階段設定溫度為殼模燒結溫度，第二階段設定的溫度範圍可以為殼模燒結溫度±100℃。The second stage set temperature is the shell mold sintering temperature, and the second stage set temperature range may be the shell mold sintering temperature ± 100 ° C.
優選的，所述第二階段設定的溫度範圍可以是1200℃~1400℃。Preferably, the temperature set in the second stage may be 1200 ° C ~ 1400 ° C.
本創作所述殼模燒結裝置具有以下優點：The shell mold sintering device of the present invention has the following advantages:
1.用本創作所述殼模燒結裝置所制殼模進行鋼水澆注時，幾乎不存在鋼水向外噴濺的現象，製得的鑄件也幾乎不存在穿入性氣孔。1. When the molten steel is poured by the shell mold made by the shell mold sintering apparatus of the present invention, there is almost no phenomenon that the molten steel is splashed outward, and the obtained casting has almost no penetrating pores.
2.用本創作所述殼模燒結裝置所制殼模進行鋼水澆注時，幾乎不會產生模壁反應，提高了鑄件的精度。2. When the steel mold is poured by the shell mold made by the shell mold sintering device of the present invention, the mold wall reaction is hardly generated, and the precision of the casting is improved.
3.本創作所述殼模燒結裝置可以進行殼模的連續化生產，且幾乎不會存在連續生產過程中鑄件產生凸水紋或凹水紋的問題。3. The shell mold sintering device of the present invention can carry out the continuous production of the shell mold, and there is almost no problem that the casting has a convex water mark or a concave water pattern in the continuous production process.
4.用本創作所述殼模燒結裝置所制殼模澆注製得的鑄件，幾乎不存在沙孔。4. The casting obtained by casting the shell mold made by the shell mold sintering device of the present invention has almost no sand holes.
5.用本創作所述殼模燒結方法和裝置所制殼模澆注製得的鑄件品質穩定，次品、殘品率低且生產效率遠高於現有燒結方法和裝置。5. The castings prepared by the shell mold casting method and device of the present invention have stable casting quality, low defect rate and low product rate, and the production efficiency is much higher than the existing sintering method and device.
為了使本創作的目的、技術方案及優點更加清楚明白，以下結合附圖，對本創作進一步詳細說明。應當理解，此處所描述的具體實施例僅僅用以解釋本創作，並不用於限定本創作。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
發明人經過對現有技術的研究發現，現有燒結方法和燒結裝置會產生上述問題的原因分別在於：The inventors have found through research on the prior art that the existing sintering method and sintering device cause the above problems respectively:
使用現有封閉式平臺型燒結爐燒結製得的殼模澆注鋼水時會產生鋼水向外噴濺的現象及鑄件上出現穿入性氣孔的原因在於：現有的燒結方法均為加熱燒結爐至殼模的燒結溫度並保持一段時間直至殼模燒結完成，殼模的燒結的溫度通常為1200~1400℃；然後殼模在放入燒結爐前往往不能將製作殼模時用到的蠟完全脫除乾淨（加熱殼模，待蠟溶化後將蠟倒出），特別是殼模較大或構造複雜時，此時，未完全脫除的蠟在高溫低氧環境下被直接碳化，從而以殘碳的形式附著在殼模內部。當往殼模內澆注鋼水時，殼模內的殘碳因鋼水的高溫和模內的空氣急速燃燒反應形成CO高壓氣體，CO與鋼水之間不會發生反應，由於殼模與鋼水接觸的內層質密而高強，因此CO高壓氣體只能逆向外排，而從導致鋼水向外噴濺，殘留的CO氣體還會在鑄件上形成穿入性氣孔。When the molten steel is cast by the shell mold obtained by sintering in the existing closed platform type sintering furnace, the phenomenon that the molten steel is splashed outward and the penetrating pores appear on the casting are: the existing sintering methods are heating the sintering furnace to The sintering temperature of the shell mold is maintained for a period of time until the shell mold is sintered, and the sintering temperature of the shell mold is usually 1200~1400 ° C; then the shell mold can not completely remove the wax used in the shell mold before being placed in the sintering furnace. In addition to being clean (heating the shell mold, pouring the wax after the wax is dissolved), especially when the shell mold is large or the structure is complicated, at this time, the wax that has not been completely removed is directly carbonized in a high-temperature and low-oxygen environment, thereby The form of carbon adheres to the inside of the shell mold. When pouring molten steel into the shell mold, the residual carbon in the shell mold forms a CO high-pressure gas due to the high temperature of the molten steel and the rapid combustion reaction of the air in the mold, and there is no reaction between the CO and the molten steel due to the shell mold and the steel. The inner layer of water contact is dense and high-strength, so the CO high-pressure gas can only be reversed to the outside, and from the molten steel, the residual CO gas will form a penetrating pore on the casting.
1.使用對流式平臺型燒結爐和隧道型燒結爐燒結製得的殼模往往會在鑄件脫模時發生脫碳現象以及在鑄件上出現表面腐蝕現象的原因在於：殼模的製作過程中為了防止模壁反應以及提高殼模的透氣性，通常都會加入碳粉；但是由於對流式平臺型燒結爐和隧道型燒結爐其燒結環境為半封閉環境，氧含量很高，因此加入的碳粉會被很快氧化反應完，從而使製得的殼模不能起到應有的保護作用。當澆注鋼水時，外部環境中的氧大量滲透進殼模內層；當氧滲透到鋼水與殼模接觸的內層表面時，在鋼水的高溫作用下，鋼水中的金屬氧化物與殼模內層中的氧化矽發生反應形成低熔點的矽酸鹽，即發生模壁反應，從而使得鑄件脫模時發生脫碳現象以及在鑄件上出現表面腐蝕現象。使用高濃度的矽溶膠製作殼模會進一步加重模壁反應。1. The shell mold obtained by sintering the convection platform type sintering furnace and the tunnel type sintering furnace tends to cause decarburization during the demolding of the casting and the surface corrosion phenomenon on the casting is due to the fact that the shell mold is produced in order to To prevent mold wall reaction and improve the gas permeability of the shell mold, carbon powder is usually added; however, since the convection type plate type sintering furnace and the tunnel type sintering furnace have a semi-closed environment and a high oxygen content, the added carbon powder will be added. It is quickly oxidized and reacted, so that the obtained shell mold can not play its proper protection. When pouring molten steel, the oxygen in the external environment penetrates a lot into the inner layer of the shell mold; when oxygen penetrates into the inner layer surface where the molten steel contacts the shell mold, the metal oxide in the molten steel is under the action of the high temperature of the molten steel. The ruthenium oxide in the inner layer of the shell mold reacts to form a low-melting tantalate, which is a mold wall reaction, which causes decarburization during casting release and surface corrosion on the casting. The use of a high concentration of cerium sol to form a shell mold further aggravates the mold wall reaction.
2.使用現有燒結爐進行連續生產，則使用第2爐及之後燒結的殼模澆注鋼水製得的鑄件出現毛邊/凸水紋或凹水紋的原因在於：在連續燒結第二爐殼模及以後的殼模時，由於爐內溫度極高，且殼模的導熱能力較差，因此會導致殼模內外溫差大，進而發生外殼模的膨脹大於內殼模，使得內殼模上出現細裂紋。如果產生的細裂紋不足以使鋼水穿過，則細裂紋處積壓的氣體在高溫下膨脹產生瞬間高壓，從而使得鑄件表面出現凹水紋。如果產生的細裂紋可以使鋼水穿過，則鋼水穿過裂紋，使得鑄件上出現嚮往突出的毛邊或凸水紋。2. For the continuous production using the existing sintering furnace, the reason why the casting obtained by casting the molten steel using the second furnace and the sintered shell mold has a burr/convex water or a concave water grain is that the second furnace shell mold is continuously sintered. In the subsequent shell molds, due to the extremely high temperature in the furnace and the poor thermal conductivity of the shell mold, the temperature difference between the inner and outer shell molds is large, and the expansion of the outer shell mold is larger than that of the inner shell mold, so that fine cracks appear on the inner shell mold. . If the generated fine crack is insufficient to pass the molten steel, the accumulated gas at the fine crack expands at a high temperature to generate an instantaneous high pressure, so that a concave water groove appears on the surface of the casting. If the generated fine cracks allow the molten steel to pass through, the molten steel passes through the cracks, causing a burrs or embossing that protrudes upward on the casting.
3.使用平臺型燒結爐燒結製得殼模，澆注鋼水後製得的鑄件上通常會帶有沙孔的原因在於：殼模的燒結過程必然會伴隨著陶渣的產生——即殼模外層陶體在燒結過程中不能維持應有結構強度而發生掉落，掉落的陶渣在平臺上堆積，此時，由於倒扣澆口杯而防止了燒結過程中的陶渣掉落，但是附著在澆口杯上的殘留陶渣會在澆注鋼水時滑落進殼模內部，滑落的陶渣在鋼水的高溫作用下回形成耐高溫型結構，從而致使鑄件表面出現沙狀凹洞，這些凹洞被稱為沙孔。現也有技術放置沙孔，即採用及時清理殘留陶渣的方式，但是現有技術存在：（1）如進行陶渣清理必然要停止生產，降低燒結爐內溫度才可進行；（2）陶渣降溫過程中往往會發生凝結，從而難以清除，強行清除甚至會損壞燒結機的燒結平臺。現有清理技術極大降低了生產效率，同時提高了生產成本。3. The shell mold is obtained by sintering in a platform type sintering furnace, and the castings obtained by pouring molten steel usually have sand holes because the sintering process of the shell mold is inevitably accompanied by the generation of the slag - the shell mold The outer pottery body cannot fall due to the structural strength during the sintering process, and the fallen pottery slag accumulates on the platform. At this time, the slag is prevented from falling during the sintering process due to the inverted gate cup. The residual slag adhering to the pouring cup slides into the shell mold when the molten steel is poured, and the slipped slag forms a high temperature resistant structure under the high temperature of the molten steel, thereby causing sand-like recesses on the surface of the casting. These holes are called sand holes. There are also techniques for placing sand holes, that is, the method of cleaning residual slag in time, but the prior art exists: (1) If the slag cleaning is carried out, production must be stopped, and the temperature in the sintering furnace can be lowered; (2) slag cooling Condensation often occurs during the process, making it difficult to remove, forcibly removing or even damaging the sintering platform of the sintering machine. Existing cleaning techniques greatly reduce production efficiency while increasing production costs.
基於上述研究發現，發明人提供了一種殼模燒結裝置，如圖3所示，該裝置包括包括殼模放置平臺1、加熱裝置2、鼓風裝置3、排風煙道4、控制系統5、燒結內腔6和封閉門7。其中：Based on the above research findings, the inventors have provided a shell mold sintering device, as shown in FIG. 3, the device includes a shell mold placing platform 1, a heating device 2, a blowing device 3, an exhaust flue 4, a control system 5, The inner chamber 6 is sintered and the door 7 is closed. among them:
殼模放置平臺1內裝於燒結內腔6內，待燒結殼模澆口杯倒扣放置於殼模放置平臺1上，殼模放置平臺1與殼模澆口杯接觸的一面為波浪形結構，波峰高度為10cm，此時，澆口杯倒扣且懸空放置于波峰上。The shell mold placing platform 1 is installed in the sintering inner cavity 6, and the shell mold pouring cup to be sintered is placed on the shell mold placing platform 1, and the side of the shell mold placing platform 1 contacting the shell mold pouring cup is a wave structure. The peak height is 10cm. At this time, the gate cup is inverted and suspended on the wave crest.
根據本創作的一個實施例，殼模放置平臺1的波峰高度可以是3cm。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the peak height of the shell mold placement platform 1 may be 3 cm.
根據本創作的一個實施例，殼模放置平臺1的波峰高度可以是5cm。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the peak height of the shell mold placement platform 1 may be 5 cm.
根據本創作的一個實施例，殼模放置平臺1可採用可拆卸的活動連接結構內裝於燒結內腔6內。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the shell mold placement platform 1 can be housed within the sintering chamber 6 in a detachable movable joint structure.
根據本創作的一個實施例，殼模放置平臺1上的波浪形結構可以換為其他帶有凹槽的結構。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the undulating structure on the shell mold placement platform 1 can be replaced with other recessed structures.
根據本創作的一個實施例，如圖5所示，殼模放置平臺1為平板平臺，殼模放置平臺1放置有由多塊子板12組合而成的燒結板11。殼模倒扣於燒結板11上。燒結板11與殼模接觸的一面為波浪形結構面，波峰高度10cm，此時，殼模的澆口杯倒扣且懸空放置於燒結板11的波峰上。According to an embodiment of the present creation, as shown in FIG. 5, the shell mold placing platform 1 is a flat plate platform, and the shell mold placing platform 1 is placed with a sintered plate 11 composed of a plurality of sub-boards 12. The shell mold is inverted on the sintered plate 11. The side of the sintered plate 11 in contact with the shell mold is a wave-shaped structural surface having a peak height of 10 cm. At this time, the gate cup of the shell mold is inverted and suspended on the peak of the sintered plate 11.
根據本創作的一個實施例，燒結板的波峰高度可以是3cm。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the peak height of the sintered plate may be 3 cm.
根據本創作的一個實施例，燒結板的波峰高度可以是5cm。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the peak height of the sintered plate may be 5 cm.
根據本創作的一個實施例，燒結板上的波浪形結構可以換為其他帶有凹槽的結構。According to one embodiment of the present creation, the undulating structure on the sintered plate can be replaced with other structures having grooves.
封閉門7可以開啟或關閉燒結內腔6。加熱裝置2可以對燒結內腔6進行加熱操作。The closing door 7 can open or close the sintering chamber 6. The heating device 2 can perform a heating operation on the sintering chamber 6.
鼓風裝置3進風口一端位於燒結裝置外，出風口一端位於燒結內腔6內。鼓風通道內還裝有開光裝置31，該裝置可以開啟或關閉鼓風通道。所述鼓風裝置內的開關裝置31安裝於鼓風裝置位於燒結內腔6腔壁上的出風口外側。One end of the air inlet of the air blowing device 3 is located outside the sintering device, and one end of the air outlet is located in the sintering inner cavity 6. An opening device 31 is also provided in the blast passage, which can open or close the blast passage. The switching device 31 in the air blowing device is installed outside the air outlet of the air blowing device on the wall of the sintering inner cavity 6.
排風煙道4內裝有開關裝置41，其進風口一端位於燒結內腔內，出風口一端位於燒結裝置外。所述排風煙道內的開關裝置安裝於排風煙道位於燒結內腔6腔壁上的進風口外側。所述排風煙道上還裝有震動裝置42和清灰口43，所述震動裝置可將排風煙道內壁上附著的煙塵震落至煙道的清灰口。所述震動裝置42包括：震動電機、驅動裝置和控制裝置。其中，震動電機活動安裝於排氣煙道外側壁上；驅動裝置包括驅動電機和運動軌道，控制裝置與震動電機和驅動電機連接，可以根據預設程式控制震動電機的開啟或關閉，同時可通過驅動電機控制震動電機沿排氣煙道外側壁上的運動軌道運動。震落的煙塵可通過清灰口43取出。The exhaust duct 4 is provided with a switch device 41, one end of the air inlet is located in the sintering inner cavity, and one end of the air outlet is located outside the sintering device. The switch device in the exhaust flue is installed outside the air inlet of the exhaust flue on the cavity wall of the sintering cavity 6. The exhaust flue is further provided with a vibrating device 42 and a ash cleaning port 43 for damaging the dust attached to the inner wall of the exhaust flue to the ash cleaning port of the flue. The vibration device 42 includes a vibration motor, a driving device, and a control device. The vibration motor is movably mounted on the outer side wall of the exhaust flue; the driving device comprises a driving motor and a moving track, and the control device is connected with the vibration motor and the driving motor, and the vibration motor can be controlled to be turned on or off according to a preset program, and can be driven at the same time. The motor controls the vibration motor to move along a moving orbit on the outer sidewall of the exhaust stack. The scattered soot can be taken out through the cleaning port 43.
如圖4所示，在鼓風裝置3和排風煙道4的共同作用下，燒結內腔6內形成亂流氣流。所述亂流氣流可以沿殼模懸空放置的澆口杯位置處進入殼模內部。如殼模只有一個澆口杯，則亂流氣流可在殼模內部形成對流；如殼模有多個澆口杯，則亂流氣流可在殼模內部形成環流。同時，鼓風裝置3鼓入的風力強度不足以將陶渣吹入殼模內。As shown in Fig. 4, under the combined action of the air blowing device 3 and the exhaust flue 4, a turbulent air flow is formed in the sintering inner chamber 6. The turbulent airflow may enter the interior of the shell mold at a position of the gate cup in which the shell mold is suspended. If the shell mold has only one sprue cup, the turbulent air flow can form convection inside the shell mold; if the shell mold has a plurality of sprue cups, the turbulent air flow can form a circulation inside the shell mold. At the same time, the strength of the wind blown by the air blowing device 3 is insufficient to blow the slag into the shell mold.
控制系統5包括溫度感應模組51和控制模組52，其中溫度感應模組51安裝於燒結內腔6內，可以感應燒結內腔6內的環境溫度並向控制模組52回饋溫度資料，控制模組52分別與加熱裝置2、鼓風裝置3和排風煙道4以及鼓風裝置3內的開關裝置31、排風煙道4內的開關裝置41連接，可根據預設的程式控制加熱裝置、鼓風裝置、排風煙道以及開關裝置31和41的開啟或關閉。The control system 5 includes a temperature sensing module 51 and a control module 52. The temperature sensing module 51 is mounted in the sintering cavity 6, and can sense the ambient temperature in the sintering cavity 6 and feed back the temperature data to the control module 52. The module 52 is respectively connected to the heating device 2, the air blowing device 3 and the exhaust flue 4, the switching device 31 in the air blowing device 3, and the switching device 41 in the exhaust flue 4, and can be controlled according to a preset program. The device, the air blowing device, the exhaust flue, and the switching devices 31 and 41 are turned on or off.
根據本創作的一個實施例，所述控制系統5還包括氧濃度監測模組，該模組的一端連入燒結內腔6，可以監測燒結內腔6中的即時氧濃度；另一端與控制模組52連接，可將燒結內腔6中的即時氧濃度回饋至控制模組52；控制模組52根據獲得的氧濃度控制鼓風裝置3的輸出功率。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control system 5 further includes an oxygen concentration monitoring module, one end of the module is connected to the sintering cavity 6, and the instantaneous oxygen concentration in the sintering cavity 6 can be monitored; the other end and the control mode The group 52 is connected to feed back the instantaneous oxygen concentration in the sintering chamber 6 to the control module 52; the control module 52 controls the output power of the air blowing device 3 according to the obtained oxygen concentration.
本創作殼模燒結裝置的工作過程為：The working process of the present shell mold sintering device is:
a. 在殼模放置平臺1上的燒結板上放置好待燒結殼模後，啟動裝置，控制裝置5控制加熱裝置2、鼓風裝置3以及鼓風裝置3內的開關裝置31和排風煙道4內的開關裝置41開啟。a. After the shell mold to be sintered is placed on the sintered plate on the shell mold placing platform 1, the starting device is controlled, and the control device 5 controls the heating device 2, the air blowing device 3, and the switching device 31 and the exhaust gas in the air blowing device 3. The switching device 41 in the track 4 is turned on.
b. 待燒結內腔6溫度達到700℃溫度時，控制加熱裝置的開啟或關閉，以維持燒結內腔溫度在600℃~800℃溫度範圍內，維持時間根據殼模的形狀和複雜程度預先設定為5~20min；b. When the temperature of the cavity 6 to be sintered reaches 700 ° C, the heating device is turned on or off to maintain the temperature of the sintering cavity in the temperature range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C. The maintenance time is preset according to the shape and complexity of the shell mold. 5~20min;
c. 關閉鼓風裝置3以及鼓風裝置3內的開關裝置31和排風煙道4內的開關裝置41。同時開啟加熱裝置2，繼續加熱燒結內腔6直至燒結內腔6溫度達到殼模的燒結溫度。殼模的燒結溫度可以根據殼模的形狀和複雜程度在1200℃~1400℃內選定。c. The blower device 3 and the switch device 31 in the blower device 3 and the switch device 41 in the exhaust flue 4 are closed. At the same time, the heating device 2 is turned on, and the sintering of the inner cavity 6 is continued until the temperature of the sintering inner cavity 6 reaches the sintering temperature of the shell mold. The sintering temperature of the shell mold can be selected from 1200 ° C to 1400 ° C depending on the shape and complexity of the shell mold.
d. 控制加熱裝置的開啟或關閉，以維持燒結內腔溫度在1200℃~1400℃溫度範圍內，維持時間根據殼模的形狀和複雜程度預先設定為30~180min。d. Control the opening or closing of the heating device to maintain the temperature of the sintered cavity in the temperature range of 1200 ° C ~ 1400 ° C. The maintenance time is preset to 30 ~ 180 min according to the shape and complexity of the shell mold.
本創作燒結裝置的優點在於：The advantages of the inventive sintering device are:
1.採用分段式加熱方法，將殼模燒結過程分為了燒蠟階段和燒結階段，燒臘階段保證了燒結環境內有充足的氧與蠟進行充分燃燒反應，使得製得的殼模內幾乎不存在因為殘蠟碳化形成的殘碳，避免了因此產生的澆注時的鋼水噴濺問題及鑄件有穿入性氣孔的問題。同時，在燒結階段盡可能降低了燒結環境內的氧濃度，避免了殼模內的石墨在燒結階段就完全燃燒完，致使殼模澆注鋼水時發生嚴重的模壁反應現象。1. Using the segmented heating method, the shell mold sintering process is divided into the wax burning stage and the sintering stage. The roasting stage ensures that sufficient oxygen and wax are fully combusted in the sintering environment, so that the obtained shell mold is almost There is no residual carbon formed by carbonization of the residual wax, which avoids the problem of molten steel splashing during casting and the problem of penetrating pores in the casting. At the same time, the oxygen concentration in the sintering environment is reduced as much as possible in the sintering stage, and the graphite in the shell mold is completely burned in the sintering stage, so that the mold wall reaction phenomenon occurs when the shell mold is poured into the molten steel.
2.燒結裝置與殼模澆口杯接觸的一面為波浪形，該構型由於澆口杯與波峰接觸，接觸面幾乎均為切線面，因此澆口杯翻轉過來進行鋼水澆注時，其澆注口幾乎不會殘留有陶渣，也就避免了因此產生的沙孔現象。2. The side of the sintering device that is in contact with the shell mold cup is wave-shaped. The configuration is almost tangent to the contact surface due to the contact of the gate cup with the wave crest. Therefore, when the gate cup is turned over for pouring the molten steel, the pouring is performed. There is almost no residue of ceramsite in the mouth, and the resulting sand hole phenomenon is avoided.
3.在鼓風裝置和排風煙道共同作用下，燒結內腔內可以形成亂流氣流。該亂流氣流可以沿殼模懸空放置的澆口杯位置處進入殼模內部，降低了殼模內外層之間的溫差，避免了由於殼模內外溫差導致的殼模內層發裂，進而導致鑄件出現灰邊/凸水紋或凹水紋的問題。同時，亂流氣流的風力強度較低，不足以將陶渣吹入殼模內。3. Under the joint action of the air blowing device and the exhaust flue, a turbulent air flow can be formed in the sintering inner cavity. The turbulent airflow can enter the interior of the shell mold along the position of the pouring cup which is suspended by the shell mold, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the inner and outer layers of the shell mold, thereby avoiding cracking of the inner layer of the shell mold due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer shell molds, thereby causing The casting has a problem of gray edges/convex water marks or concave water lines. At the same time, the wind power of the turbulent airflow is low, which is not enough to blow the ceramsite into the shell mold.
4.採用組合式燒結板作為殼模的放置平臺，可以在燒結板的凹槽內積攢了較多陶渣時及時拆換燒結板，不僅方便清理燒結板內的殘留陶渣，而且對連續生產的影響較小，提高了生產效率。4. The composite sintered plate is used as the placement platform of the shell mold, and the sintered plate can be removed in time when more ceramsite is accumulated in the groove of the sintered plate, which is not only convenient for cleaning the residual slag in the sintered plate, but also for continuous production. The impact is small and the production efficiency is improved.
採用本創作燒結裝置不僅降低了因為現有殼模鑄造過程造成的鑄件品質不穩定，鑄件次品、廢品率高的問題，提高了生產效率、降低了生產成本、並且可以生產出精度足夠高的鑄件。The use of the present sintering device not only reduces the instability of the casting quality caused by the existing shell mold casting process, the problem of defective castings and high scrap rate, improves production efficiency, reduces production cost, and can produce castings with sufficiently high precision. .
應該注意到並理解，在不脫離本創作申請專利範圍所要求的精神和範圍的情況下，能夠對上述詳細描述的本創作做出各種修改和改進。因此，要求保護的技術方案的範圍不受所給出的任何特定示範教導的限制。It should be noted and appreciated that various modifications and improvements can be made to the present invention described in detail above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the claimed technical solutions is not limited by any particular exemplary teachings presented.
1‧‧‧殼模放置平臺
11‧‧‧燒結板
12‧‧‧子板
2‧‧‧加熱裝置
3‧‧‧鼓風裝置
31‧‧‧開光裝置
4‧‧‧排風煙道
41‧‧‧開關裝置
42‧‧‧震動裝置
43‧‧‧清灰口
5‧‧‧控制系統
51‧‧‧溫度感應模組
52‧‧‧控制模組
6‧‧‧燒結內腔
7‧‧‧封閉門1‧‧‧Shell placement platform
11‧‧‧Sintered board
12‧‧‧ daughter board
2‧‧‧heating device
3‧‧‧Blowing device
31‧‧‧Lighting device
4‧‧‧Exhaust flue
41‧‧‧Switching device
42‧‧‧Vibration device
43‧‧‧Clean mouth
5‧‧‧Control system
51‧‧‧Temperature sensing module
52‧‧‧Control Module
6‧‧‧Sintered cavity
7‧‧‧Closed door
[圖1-1] 為現有封閉式平臺型燒結爐。 [圖1-2] 為現有對流式平臺型燒結爐。 [圖2] 為現有隧道型燒結爐。 [圖3] 為本創作燒結裝置結構示意圖。 [圖4] 為本創作燒結裝置的燒結內腔結構圖。 [圖5] 為本創作組合式波浪形燒結平板結構示意圖。[Fig. 1-1] It is a conventional closed platform type sintering furnace. [Fig. 1-2] It is an existing convection platform type sintering furnace. [Fig. 2] It is an existing tunnel type sintering furnace. [Fig. 3] A schematic view of the structure of the present sintering device. [Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is a structural view of a sintered inner cavity of the present sintering device. [Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a combined wave-shaped sintered flat plate.
1‧‧‧殼模放置平臺 1‧‧‧Shell placement platform
2‧‧‧加熱裝置 2‧‧‧heating device
3‧‧‧鼓風裝置 3‧‧‧Blowing device
31‧‧‧開光裝置 31‧‧‧Lighting device
4‧‧‧排風煙道 4‧‧‧Exhaust flue
41‧‧‧開關裝置 41‧‧‧Switching device
42‧‧‧震動裝置 42‧‧‧Vibration device
43‧‧‧清灰口 43‧‧‧Clean mouth
51‧‧‧溫度感應模組 51‧‧‧Temperature sensing module
52‧‧‧控制模組 52‧‧‧Control Module
6‧‧‧燒結內腔 6‧‧‧Sintered cavity
7‧‧‧封閉門 7‧‧‧Closed door
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620569315.2U CN205834112U (en) | 2016-06-12 | 2016-06-12 | Shell mould sintering equipment |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWM535610U true TWM535610U (en) | 2017-01-21 |
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| TW (1) | TWM535610U (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105903898B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2017-12-05 | 蔡政达 | Shell mould sintering method and device |
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2016
- 2016-06-12 CN CN201620569315.2U patent/CN205834112U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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