TWM497385U - Active balancing module for a series battery - Google Patents
Active balancing module for a series battery Download PDFInfo
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- TWM497385U TWM497385U TW103217710U TW103217710U TWM497385U TW M497385 U TWM497385 U TW M497385U TW 103217710 U TW103217710 U TW 103217710U TW 103217710 U TW103217710 U TW 103217710U TW M497385 U TWM497385 U TW M497385U
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本創作係關於一種串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,尤其是一種結合電感型及模組化平衡結構之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組。This creation is about an active balancing module for a series battery pack, especially an active balancing module that combines an inductive and modular balanced structure.
由於環保意識抬頭,以電力為動力來源的應用日益蓬勃,如:全電動汽車(EV或BEV)、混合燃氣/電動汽車(HEV)、插電式混合電動汽車(PHEV)或儲能系統(ESS)等,在上述應用中,普遍需要使用電池組(Battery)儲存及供應動力,該電池組可由複數高功率密度、高峰值功率鋰聚合物或鋰鐵磷酸(LiFePO4)電池串聯組成。以鋰電池組為例,大量串聯的鋰電池使用過程中,會因老化而導致電池容量不同,每次充電時,因電池間的殘餘電荷、充電速度等差異,將導致電池中的電荷狀態(SoC)不平衡,為避免鋰電池因過壓(over voltage)而降低效能或損壞,通常需由電池管理系統(BMS)管控電池組的電荷平衡狀態。As a result of environmental awareness, applications such as electric power sources are growing, such as all-electric vehicles (EV or BEV), hybrid gas/electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or energy storage systems ( ESS), etc., in the above applications, it is generally required to use a battery to store and supply power. The battery pack can be composed of a plurality of high power density, high peak power lithium polymer or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries connected in series. Taking a lithium battery pack as an example, a large number of series connected lithium batteries may cause different battery capacities due to aging. Each time charging, due to the difference in residual charge and charging speed between the batteries, the state of charge in the battery will be caused ( SoC) imbalance, in order to avoid lithium battery due to over voltage to reduce performance or damage, it is usually necessary to control the battery pack's charge balance state by the battery management system (BMS).
為免電池充電過量,可採用簡單低廉的被動平衡(passive balance)方式,將儲電量較高的電池分流至旁路電阻(bypass resistor),以免有些電池過量充電,其餘電池卻充電不足,惟此方式除會耗散功率外,還有發熱及充電速度慢等情況尚待改進。因此,逐漸發展出可重新分配電荷狀態的主動平衡(active balance)方式,可於充放電過程中,可補償電壓較低之電池,除確保各電池均不會過量充電外,且可快速充電及降低充電溫度,進一步提高電池的效能、可靠性及安全性,並可降低系統成本。 是以,主動平衡式電池管理系統實乃促進電動應用產業發展的關鍵技術。In order to avoid excessive battery charging, a simple and low passive balance method can be used to shunt the battery with higher storage capacity to the bypass resistor, so that some batteries are not overcharged, but the remaining batteries are not fully charged. In addition to dissipating power, there are still cases of heat generation and slow charging. Therefore, an active balance method that can redistribute the state of charge is gradually developed, which can compensate the battery with a lower voltage during the charging and discharging process, in addition to ensuring that each battery is not overcharged, and can be quickly charged and Lowering the charging temperature further improves battery performance, reliability and safety, and reduces system cost. Therefore, the active balanced battery management system is a key technology to promote the development of the electric application industry.
習知主動平衡式電池管理系統主要分為電容型平衡、電感型平衡及模組化平衡方式,電容型平衡方式雖易控制且不需電壓偵測電路,但其平衡時間較長,不適用於須快速充電的應用;另,電感型平衡方式雖可快速平衡電荷且能量轉換效率高,惟須克服變壓器互感及漏感等情況;又,模組化平衡方式雖可提供穩定的電壓,然其所需成本較高,且各模組僅能控制有限的電池數量(區域式電池平衡),無法達成全域式電池平衡。The active active balanced battery management system is mainly divided into a capacitive balance, an inductive balance and a modular balance. The capacitive balance is easy to control and does not require a voltage detection circuit, but its balance time is long and does not apply to For applications requiring fast charging; in addition, the inductive balance method can quickly balance the charge and high energy conversion efficiency, but must overcome the transformer mutual inductance and leakage inductance; and the modular balance method can provide a stable voltage, but The cost is high, and each module can only control a limited number of batteries (regional battery balance), and it is impossible to achieve a global battery balance.
有鑑於此,有必要改善上述先前技術的缺點,以符合實際需求,提升其實用性。In view of this, it is necessary to improve the shortcomings of the prior art described above to meet practical needs and improve its practicability.
本創作係提供一種串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,可快速達成全域式電池平衡。This creation provides an active balancing module for a series battery pack that quickly achieves a global battery balance.
本創作揭示一種串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,係包含:一轉換單元,設有一初級側線圈及數個次級側線圈;一返馳開關,電性連接該轉換單元之初級側線圈;一初級側調控器,電性連接該轉換單元及該返馳開關,該初級側調控器、該返馳開關及該轉換單元共同構成具有初級側調節功能之返馳式架構;數個分時切換器,電性連接於該轉換單元之數個次級側線圈與一串聯電池組之數個蓄電單元之間;及一處理器,電性連接該分時切換器及該初級側調控器,該處理器用以分時切換各分時切換器的導通狀態,使各次級側線圈分時輸出一定電流至各蓄電單元,並由該初級側調控器分時取得一參考訊號,用以估算各蓄電單元的充電量。The present invention discloses an active balancing module of a series battery pack, comprising: a conversion unit having a primary side coil and a plurality of secondary side coils; a flyback switch electrically connected to the primary side coil of the conversion unit; a primary side governor electrically connected to the conversion unit and the flyback switch, the primary side governor, the flyback switch and the conversion unit together forming a flyback architecture having a primary side adjustment function; and a plurality of time sharing switches Electrically connected between the plurality of secondary side coils of the conversion unit and the plurality of power storage units of the series battery pack; and a processor electrically connected to the time division switch and the primary side regulator The device is configured to switch the on-state of each time-sharing switch in a time-sharing manner, so that each secondary-side coil outputs a certain current to each of the power storage units in a time-sharing manner, and a reference signal is obtained by the primary-side controller in time to estimate each power storage unit. The amount of charge.
所述初級側調控器具有一取樣端及一調節端,該取樣端電性連接該轉換單元之初級側線圈,該調節端電性連接該返馳開關。The primary side regulator has a sampling end and an adjustment end. The sampling end is electrically connected to the primary side coil of the conversion unit, and the adjustment end is electrically connected to the flyback switch.
所述轉換單元設有一輔助線圈,該輔助線圈之極性與各次級側線圈之極性相同。The conversion unit is provided with an auxiliary coil whose polarity is the same as the polarity of each secondary side coil.
所述初級側調控器具有一取樣端及一調節端,該取樣端電性連接該轉換單元之輔助線圈,該調節端電性連接該返馳開關。The primary side regulator has a sampling end and an adjustment end. The sampling end is electrically connected to the auxiliary coil of the conversion unit, and the adjustment end is electrically connected to the flyback switch.
所述處理器由該初級側調控器之調節端分時取得一脈寬調變訊號,並依據該脈寬調變訊號之工作週期等比換算各蓄電單元的電壓值。The processor obtains a pulse width modulation signal by the adjustment end of the primary side regulator, and converts the voltage values of the power storage units according to the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal.
所述串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,另包含一限流元件,該限流元件電性連接於該返馳開關與一接地端之間。The active balancing module of the series battery pack further includes a current limiting component electrically connected between the flyback switch and a grounding terminal.
所述串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,另包含一變阻切換器,該變阻切換器電性連接於該返馳開關及該處理器。The active balancing module of the series battery pack further includes a varistor switch, and the varistor switch is electrically connected to the flyback switch and the processor.
所述變阻切換器設有一變阻開關、一小阻元件及一大阻元件,該電磁開關電性連接該返馳開關及該處理器,該小阻元件及該大阻元件電性連接該電磁開關。The varistor switch is provided with a varistor switch, a small resistance component and a large resistance component. The electromagnetic switch is electrically connected to the flyback switch and the processor, and the small resistance component and the large resistance component are electrically connected to the Electromagnetic switch.
所述串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,另包含數個隔離器,各隔離器電性連接於該處理器與各分時切換器之間。The active balancing module of the series battery pack further includes a plurality of isolators, and each of the isolators is electrically connected between the processor and each time-sharing switch.
所述隔離器為一光耦合器。The isolator is an optical coupler.
所述串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,另包含一電壓偵測器,該電壓偵測器設有數個偵測端及數個管控端,各偵測端電性連接各蓄電單元,各管控端電性連接各分時切換器。The active balancing module of the series battery pack further includes a voltage detector, the voltage detector is provided with a plurality of detecting ends and a plurality of control terminals, and each detecting end is electrically connected to each of the power storage units, and each of the control terminals Electrically connected to each time-sharing switch.
所述電壓偵測器設有一指示燈,用以指示該電壓偵測器的工作狀態。The voltage detector is provided with an indicator light for indicating the working state of the voltage detector.
所述各分時切換器設有一分時開關,該分時開關具有一輸入端、一輸出端及一受控端,該輸入端電性連接至該次級側線圈,該輸出端電性連接該蓄電單元,該受控端電性連接該處理器。Each of the time-sharing switches is provided with a time-sharing switch having an input end, an output end and a controlled end. The input end is electrically connected to the secondary side coil, and the output end is electrically connected. The power storage unit is electrically connected to the processor.
所述各分時開關的輸入端與各次級側線圈之間電性連接一逆止元件,該逆止元件與各次級側線圈之間電性連接一RC並聯迴路。An anti-stop element is electrically connected between the input end of each of the time-sharing switches and each of the secondary side coils, and the anti-stop element and each of the secondary side coils are electrically connected to an RC parallel circuit.
所述逆止元件為一蕭基二極體。The backstop element is a Schottky diode.
所述分時開關為一PMOS電晶體。The time sharing switch is a PMOS transistor.
所述返馳開關為一NMOS電晶體。The flyback switch is an NMOS transistor.
所述初級側調控器之取樣端與該轉換單元之輔助線圈之間電性連接一分壓器。A voltage divider is electrically connected between the sampling end of the primary side regulator and the auxiliary coil of the conversion unit.
所述初級側調控器與該處理器之間電性連接一電子開關。An electronic switch is electrically connected between the primary side governor and the processor.
所述處理器設有二擷取端及數個切控端,該二擷取端電性連接該初級側調控器之取樣端及調節端,各切控端電性連接各分時切換器。The processor is provided with two sampling ends and a plurality of switching terminals. The two sampling ends are electrically connected to the sampling end and the adjusting end of the primary side controller, and each cutting end is electrically connected to each time-sharing switch.
所述處理器另設有一通訊埠。The processor is further provided with a communication port.
所述通訊埠電性連接一電壓偵測器。The communication is electrically connected to a voltage detector.
所述處理器設有一換阻端,該換阻端電性連接該變阻切換器。The processor is provided with a switching end, and the switching end is electrically connected to the varistor switch.
本創作另揭示一種主動平衡模組的控制方法,係應用於上述之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組,該控制方法包含一補充步驟,係由該主動平衡模組之處理器接收一補充電池名單,該補充電池名單具有需要補充電力之蓄電單元,導通該補充電池名單所列蓄電單元與該轉換單元的次級側線圈之間的充電路徑,使該次級側線圈分時以一定電流補充電力至該補充電池名單所列蓄電單元。The present invention further discloses a method for controlling an active balancing module, which is applied to the active balancing module of the above-mentioned series battery pack, and the control method includes a supplementary step of receiving a supplementary battery list by the processor of the active balancing module. The supplementary battery list has a power storage unit that needs to be supplemented with electric power, and turns on a charging path between the power storage unit listed in the supplementary battery list and the secondary side coil of the conversion unit, so that the secondary side coil is supplemented with a certain current in a time-sharing manner. To the storage unit listed in the supplementary battery list.
所述處理器設有一通訊埠,並由該通訊埠接收該補充電池名單。The processor is provided with a communication port, and the supplementary battery list is received by the communication port.
所述補充步驟前另包含一偵測步驟,係由該處理器分時導通各蓄電單元與該轉換單元的各次級側線圈之間的充電路徑,排序各次級側線圈分時耦合至該初級側調控器之電性特徵,依據排序結果選擇至少一蓄電單元列入該補充電池名單。The replenishing step further includes a detecting step, wherein the processor turns on the charging path between each of the power storage units and each of the secondary side coils of the converting unit, and the secondary side coils are time-divisionally coupled to the The electrical characteristics of the primary side governor are selected according to the sorting result to select at least one power storage unit to be included in the supplementary battery list.
所述處理器計算該輔助線圈對應各蓄電單元之電壓值與該等電壓值中的最大值之差異值,將該差異值大於一門檻值的蓄電單元列入 該補充電池名單。The processor calculates a difference value between a voltage value corresponding to each of the power storage units and a maximum value of the voltage values, and the power storage unit whose difference value is greater than a threshold value is included The list of supplemental batteries.
所述門檻值為該最大值與一百分比的乘積。The threshold value is the product of the maximum value and a percentage.
所述補充步驟之次級側線圈輸出的電流為一補充電流,所述偵測步驟之次級側線圈輸出的電流為一偵測電流,該偵測電流小於或等於該補充電流。The current output by the secondary side coil of the supplementing step is a supplementary current, and the current output by the secondary side coil of the detecting step is a detecting current, and the detecting current is less than or equal to the supplementary current.
上揭串聯電池組的主動平衡模組主要藉由該轉換單元的初級側線圈或輔助線圈耦合次級側線圈的電氣訊號,利用分時導通所有次級側線圈之過程,即可得知各蓄電單元的充電狀態,並輸出補充電流至電荷狀態不平衡的蓄電單元。相較於習知模組化平衡方式僅能調節電池組中的某一區域(全域平衡須用多個控制模組),本案僅需一組控制電路,即可達成全域式電池平衡,改善習知返馳式轉換器(次級側調節)之「初級側無法接收多組回授訊號」及「用於多線圈控制時,易造成磁飽和而致線圈毀損」等問題。另,上揭主動平衡模組的控制方法可利用分時導通所有次級側線圈,即可偵測所有次級側線圈連接的蓄電單元狀態,可進一步補充電力至蓄電單元,並可降低功率消耗。藉此,可達成「節省設置成本」、「有利於量產」、「避免電池電壓過高」、「降低功率消耗」等功效。The active balancing module of the series-connected battery pack is mainly obtained by coupling the primary side coil of the conversion unit or the auxiliary coil to the electrical signal of the secondary side coil, and using the process of turning on all the secondary side coils in a time-sharing manner, the power storage can be known. The state of charge of the unit, and outputs a supplemental current to the storage unit whose charge state is unbalanced. Compared with the conventional modular balance method, only one area of the battery pack can be adjusted (multiple control modules are required for the global balance). In this case, only one control circuit is needed to achieve the global battery balance and improve the conventional return. In the case of a chirp converter (secondary side adjustment), the "primary side cannot receive multiple sets of feedback signals" and "when used for multi-coil control, it is easy to cause magnetic saturation and the coil is damaged". In addition, the control method of the active balance module can detect the state of the power storage unit connected to all the secondary side coils by using all the secondary side coils in a time-sharing manner, further supplementing the power to the power storage unit, and reducing power consumption. . This will achieve the benefits of "saving installation costs", "producing mass production", "avoiding high battery voltage" and "reducing power consumption".
1‧‧‧轉換單元1‧‧‧Conversion unit
11‧‧‧初級側線圈11‧‧‧Primary side coil
12,12a,12b‧‧‧次級側線圈12, 12a, 12b‧‧‧ secondary side coil
12c,12d‧‧‧次級側線圈12c, 12d‧‧‧second side coil
13‧‧‧輔助線圈13‧‧‧Auxiliary coil
2‧‧‧返馳開關2‧‧‧Return switch
21‧‧‧輸入端21‧‧‧ input
22‧‧‧輸出端22‧‧‧ Output
23‧‧‧受控端23‧‧‧Controlled end
3‧‧‧初級側調控器3‧‧‧Primary side regulator
31‧‧‧取樣端31‧‧‧Sampling end
32‧‧‧調節端32‧‧‧ Adjusting end
4,4a,4b‧‧‧分時切換器4,4a, 4b‧‧‧Time Switcher
4c,4d‧‧‧分時切換器4c, 4d‧‧‧time switch
41‧‧‧分時開關41‧‧‧Time switch
411‧‧‧輸入端411‧‧‧ input
412‧‧‧輸出端412‧‧‧output
413‧‧‧受控端413‧‧‧ controlled end
42‧‧‧逆止元件42‧‧‧Backstop element
5‧‧‧處理器5‧‧‧ Processor
51,51a,51b‧‧‧擷取端51, 51a, 51b‧‧‧ capture end
52,52a,52b‧‧‧切控端52, 52a, 52b‧‧‧ cutting end
52c,52d‧‧‧切控端52c, 52d‧‧‧ cutting end
53‧‧‧通訊埠53‧‧‧Communication埠
54‧‧‧換阻端54‧‧‧Change the end
6‧‧‧隔離器6‧‧‧Isolator
61‧‧‧輸入端61‧‧‧ input
62‧‧‧輸出端62‧‧‧output
7‧‧‧電壓偵測器7‧‧‧Voltage Detector
71‧‧‧偵測端71‧‧‧Detection
72‧‧‧管控端72‧‧‧Control
73‧‧‧通信埠73‧‧‧Communication埠
74‧‧‧指示燈74‧‧‧ indicator lights
8‧‧‧變阻切換器8‧‧‧Resistive Switcher
81‧‧‧變阻開關81‧‧‧Resistive resistance switch
82‧‧‧小阻元件82‧‧‧Small resistance components
83‧‧‧大阻元件83‧‧‧Great resistance components
C,C1,C2‧‧‧蓄電單元C, C1, C2‧‧‧ power storage unit
C3,C4‧‧‧蓄電單元C3, C4‧‧‧ electricity storage unit
L1,L2‧‧‧關係曲線L1, L2‧‧‧ relationship curve
L3,L4‧‧‧關係曲線L3, L4‧‧‧ relationship curve
M‧‧‧取樣點M‧‧‧ sampling point
P‧‧‧電源P‧‧‧Power supply
P1‧‧‧正極端P1‧‧‧ positive end
P2‧‧‧負極端P2‧‧‧ negative end
R‧‧‧限流元件R‧‧‧ current limiting components
S1、S2‧‧‧接點S1, S2‧‧‧ joints
S3、S4‧‧‧接點S3, S4‧‧‧ joints
T0‧‧‧偵測步驟T0‧‧‧ detection steps
T1‧‧‧補充步驟T1‧‧‧Additional steps
V‧‧‧供電端V‧‧‧Power supply
W‧‧‧電子開關W‧‧‧Electronic switch
第1圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第一實施例的電路示意圖。Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of an active balancing module of a series battery pack of the present invention.
第2圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之輸出電壓與輸出電流的關係曲線圖。Figure 2: The relationship between the output voltage and the output current of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present creation.
第3圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第二實施例的電路示意圖。Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present invention.
第4圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第三實施例的電路示 意圖。Figure 4: Circuit diagram of the third embodiment of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present invention intention.
第5圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第四實施例的電路示意圖。Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present invention.
第6圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之不同輸出電流的輸出電壓關係曲線圖。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the output voltage of different output currents of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present invention.
第7圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之初級側調控器的取樣端的電壓曲線圖。Figure 7: Voltage plot of the sampling side of the primary side regulator of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present creation.
第8圖:本創作之串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之初級側調控器的調節端的電壓曲線圖。Figure 8: Voltage curve of the regulation terminal of the primary side regulator of the active balancing module of the serial battery pack of the present invention.
第9圖:本創作之主動平衡模組的控制方法實施例之流程示意圖。Figure 9: Schematic diagram of the embodiment of the control method of the active balance module of the present invention.
為讓本創作之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉本創作之實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:本創作全文所述之「一芯多繞組變壓器」(one-core multi-winding transformer),係指變壓器之鐵芯可繞置數個次級側線圈,各次級側線圈可為相同或不同,係本創作所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可以理解。In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. "One-core multi-winding transformer" means that the core of the transformer can be wound around a plurality of secondary side coils, and the secondary side coils can be the same or different, which is a common knowledge in the technical field of the present invention. Can understand.
請參閱第1圖所示,其係本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第一實施例的電路示意圖。其中,該串聯電池組可包含數個串聯的蓄電單元C,並由一電源P供應直流電力。該主動平衡模組實施例可包含一轉換單元1、一返馳開關2、一初級側調控器3、數個分時切換器4及一處理器5。該轉換單元1電性連接該電源P、返馳開關2、初級側調控器3、分時切換器4及處理器5,各分時切換器4電性連接於該轉換單元1與各蓄電單元C之間,該處理器5電性連接各分時切換器4。在此實施例中,該串聯電池組電性連接於該電源P之一正極端P1及一負極端P2之間,該串 聯電池組係以四個蓄電單元C作為實施態樣說明,該蓄電單元C可為任何以電壓形式儲存能量之元件,如:鋰(Lithium)聚合物電池、鉛酸(Lead Acid Battery)電池、鎳氫(Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery)電池或各式電容器(capacitor)等,惟不以此為限。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of an active balancing module of the present invention. The series battery pack may include a plurality of power storage units C connected in series, and a power source P supplies DC power. The active balancing module embodiment can include a converting unit 1, a flyback switch 2, a primary side governor 3, a plurality of time-sharing switches 4, and a processor 5. The conversion unit 1 is electrically connected to the power source P, the flyback switch 2, the primary side controller 3, the time-sharing switch 4, and the processor 5. Each of the time-sharing switches 4 is electrically connected to the conversion unit 1 and each power storage unit. Between C, the processor 5 is electrically connected to each time-sharing switch 4. In this embodiment, the series battery pack is electrically connected between the positive terminal P1 and the negative terminal P2 of the power source P. The battery unit is described as an implementation example. The power storage unit C can be any component that stores energy in a voltage form, such as a lithium (Lithium) polymer battery or a lead acid battery. Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery or various capacitors, etc., but not limited to this.
請再參閱第1圖所示,該轉換單元1可為具有輔助線圈(auxiliary coil)之一芯多繞組變壓器(one-core multi-winding transformer)。該轉換單元1可設有一初級側線圈(primary side coil)11及數個次級側線圈(secondary side coils)12,該初級側線圈11電性連接於該電源P與返馳開關2之間,各次級側線圈12電性連接各分時切換器4。該轉換單元1還可設有一輔助線圈13,該輔助線圈13與各次級側線圈12之極性相同,用以感知各次級側線圈12的運作狀態(如:電流等),該輔助線圈13可電性連接該初級側調控器3。在此實施例中,該轉換單元1之初級側線圈11與次級側線圈12之間具有一匝數比例關係,如:該初級側線圈11之匝數可為該次級側線圈12之匝數與該次級側線圈12之個數的乘積,若該次級側線圈12之匝數為10、該次級側線圈12之個數為4,則該初級側線圈11之匝數可為40(=10*4),該初級側線圈11與次級側線圈12、輔助線圈13之極性可為相反或相同,另,在此僅以四個次級側線圈12a、12b、12c、12d作為實施態樣說明,各次級側線圈12之匝數比可介於1±0.1範圍,惟不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 1 again, the conversion unit 1 can be a one-core multi-winding transformer having an auxiliary coil. The conversion unit 1 can be provided with a primary side coil 11 and a plurality of secondary side coils 12 electrically connected between the power source P and the flyback switch 2, Each of the secondary side coils 12 is electrically connected to each of the time-sharing switches 4. The conversion unit 1 can also be provided with an auxiliary coil 13 having the same polarity as each of the secondary side coils 12 for sensing the operating state (eg, current, etc.) of each secondary side coil 12, the auxiliary coil 13 The primary side regulator 3 can be electrically connected. In this embodiment, the primary side coil 11 and the secondary side coil 12 of the conversion unit 1 have a proportional relationship, for example, the number of turns of the primary side coil 11 may be the top of the secondary side coil 12. If the number of turns of the secondary side coil 12 is 10 and the number of the secondary side coils 12 is 4, the number of turns of the primary side coil 11 may be 40 (=10*4), the polarity of the primary side coil 11 and the secondary side coil 12 and the auxiliary coil 13 may be opposite or the same, and here, only four secondary side coils 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are used. As an embodiment, the number of turns of each secondary side coil 12 may be in the range of 1 ± 0.1, but not limited thereto.
請再參閱第1圖所示,該返馳開關2可為習知電子開關,如:雙極性電晶體(BJT)、金屬氧化物半導體電晶體(MOS transistor)等,該返馳開關2電性連接該轉換單元1之初級側線圈11及該初級側調控器3,使該返馳開關2與轉換單元1共同構成一返馳式(fly-back)轉換器。在此實施例中,該返馳開關2可為一NMOS電晶體,該返馳開關2具有一輸入端21、一輸出端22及一受控端23,該輸入端21電性連接該轉換單元1之 初級側線圈11;該輸出端22可電性連接一限流元件R(如習知定值電阻器)至一接地端,以避免該返馳開關2之電流過高而損壞;該受控端23可電性連接該初級側調控器3,惟不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 1 again, the flyback switch 2 can be a conventional electronic switch, such as a bipolar transistor (BJT), a metal oxide semiconductor transistor (MOS transistor), etc., and the flyback switch 2 is electrically The primary side coil 11 of the conversion unit 1 and the primary side regulator 3 are connected such that the flyback switch 2 and the conversion unit 1 together form a fly-back converter. In this embodiment, the flyback switch 2 can be an NMOS transistor, and the flyback switch 2 has an input end 21, an output end 22, and a controlled end 23, and the input end 21 is electrically connected to the conversion unit. 1 a primary side coil 11; the output end 22 can be electrically connected to a current limiting element R (such as a conventional fixed value resistor) to a ground terminal to prevent the current of the flyback switch 2 from being too high and damaged; the controlled end 23 can be electrically connected to the primary side regulator 3, but not limited thereto.
請再參閱第1圖所示,該初級側調控器3可為習知具有初級側調節功能(primary side regulation)之控制器,該初級側調控器3具有一取樣端31及一調節端32,該取樣端31可電性連接該轉換單元1之初級側線圈11或輔助線圈13,用以輸入源自該初級側線圈11或輔助線圈13之取樣電壓(sampling voltage),如:具有至少一取樣點之類比訊號;該調節端32電性連接該返馳開關2,用以輸出對應該取樣電壓的脈寬調變(PWM)訊號,作為調整該返馳開關2的切換頻率之依據,如:利用脈寬調變訊號之頻率(frequency)或工作週期(duty cycle),使該初級側調控器3、返馳開關2及轉換單元1共同構成具有初級側調節(primary side regulation)功能之返馳式架構,可改善習知返馳式轉換器(次級側調節)之「初級側無法接收多組回授訊號」及「用於多線圈控制時,易造成磁飽和而致線圈毀損」等問題。在此實施例中,該初級側調控器3係以德州儀器公司(TI)的UCC28700控制器作為實施態樣說明,惟不以此為限;該初級側調控器3之取樣端31與該轉換單元1之輔助線圈13之間可電性連接一分壓器(voltage divider,如:以二電阻器串聯而成),以便將該輔助線圈13之電流轉為適當電壓,供該取樣端21進行電壓取樣;另,該初級側調控器3與處理器5之間可電性連接一電子開關W(如繼電器,Relay),該電子開關W可電性連接一供電端V(如:+12V),以便於該串聯電池組開始充電時,立即啟動該初級側調控器3,惟不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 1 again, the primary side regulator 3 can be a controller having a primary side regulation. The primary side regulator 3 has a sampling end 31 and an adjustment end 32. The sampling end 31 can be electrically connected to the primary side coil 11 or the auxiliary coil 13 of the conversion unit 1 for inputting a sampling voltage derived from the primary side coil 11 or the auxiliary coil 13, for example, having at least one sampling. The analog terminal 32 is electrically connected to the flyback switch 2 for outputting a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal corresponding to the sampling voltage as a basis for adjusting the switching frequency of the flyback switch 2, such as: Using the frequency or duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal, the primary side regulator 3, the flyback switch 2 and the conversion unit 1 together form a return with a primary side regulation function. Structure, which can improve the problem that the primary side can't receive multiple sets of feedback signals and the other is used for multi-coil control, which is easy to cause magnetic saturation and cause coil damage. . In this embodiment, the primary side governor 3 is described by the Texas Instruments Corporation (TI) UCC28700 controller as an implementation aspect, but not limited thereto; the sampling end 31 of the primary side governor 3 and the conversion A voltage divider (such as a series of two resistors) can be electrically connected between the auxiliary coils 13 of the unit 1 to convert the current of the auxiliary coil 13 to an appropriate voltage for the sampling end 21 to perform. Voltage sampling; in addition, the primary side regulator 3 and the processor 5 can be electrically connected to an electronic switch W (such as a relay, Relay), the electronic switch W can be electrically connected to a power supply terminal V (eg: +12V) In order to start charging of the series battery pack, the primary side regulator 3 is started immediately, but not limited thereto.
請再參閱第1圖所示,各分時切換器4電性連接於該轉換單元1之數個次級側線圈12與該數個蓄電單元C之間,用以切換各次級側線圈12與其對應之蓄電單元C的連接狀態。在此實施例中,係以四個分 時切換器4a、4b、4c、4d作為實施態樣說明,各分時切換器4設有一分時開關41,該分時開關41電性連接於該轉換單元1之各次級側線圈12與各蓄電單元C之間,用以切換各次級側線圈12對其對應連接的蓄電單元C之連接狀態,該分時開關41可為PMOS電晶體,該分時開關41具有一輸入端411、一輸出端412及一受控端413,該輸入端411可電性連接至該次級側線圈12,各次級側線圈12與輸入端411之間可電性連接一逆止元件42,如:蕭基二極體(schottky barrier diode)等,該逆止元件42與各次級側線圈12之間可電性連接一RC並聯迴路,該輸出端412可電性連接該蓄電單元C,該受控端413可經由一接點電性連接該處理器5,又,該處理器5與受控端413之間可設有具備電性隔離及調壓功能之電子元件,可將該處理器5輸出電壓調整為該受控端413適用之範圍,及降低該處理器5與受控端413間的電性干擾,惟不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 1 again, each time-sharing switch 4 is electrically connected between the plurality of secondary side coils 12 of the conversion unit 1 and the plurality of power storage units C for switching the secondary side coils 12 The connection state of the power storage unit C corresponding thereto. In this embodiment, there are four points. The timing switches 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are described as an implementation example. Each of the time-sharing switches 4 is provided with a time-sharing switch 41 electrically connected to each of the secondary-side coils 12 of the conversion unit 1 and Between each of the power storage units C, the connection state of the power storage unit C to which the secondary side coils 12 are connected is connected, and the time sharing switch 41 can be a PMOS transistor, and the time sharing switch 41 has an input terminal 411. An output end 412 and a controlled end 413, the input end 411 is electrically connected to the secondary side coil 12, and each of the secondary side coils 12 and the input end 411 is electrically connected to a backstop element 42, such as a Schottky barrier diode or the like, the backstop element 42 and each of the secondary side coils 12 are electrically connected to an RC parallel circuit, and the output end 412 is electrically connected to the power storage unit C. The controlled terminal 413 can be electrically connected to the processor 5 via a contact. In addition, an electronic component with electrical isolation and voltage regulation can be disposed between the processor 5 and the controlled terminal 413. 5 The output voltage is adjusted to the range applicable to the controlled terminal 413, and the electrical drying between the processor 5 and the controlled terminal 413 is reduced. , But is not limited thereto.
請再參閱第1圖所示,該處理器5可為具有訊號處理功能之元件,如:微控制器(MCU)、數位訊號處理器(DSP)或特殊功能積體電路(ASIC)等,該處理器5可設有二擷取端51及數個切控端52,該二擷取端51可電性連接該初級側調控器3之取樣端31、調節端32,用以取得取樣端31、調節端32的電性訊號,各切控端52電性連接各分時切換器4之分時開關41;另,該處理器5內部可儲存一控制程式及參數資料(如:電池之電壓與電流之關係表、曲線或方程式等),用以執行一電池平衡控管作業,該處理器5可依據該擷取端51輸入之訊號,如:脈寬調變(PWM)訊號或具有至少一取樣點之類比訊號等,於各切控端52輸出訊號(如PWM訊號)分時(Time Division)控制各分時開關41的開關狀態,進一步控管各蓄電單元C之充電狀態。又,該處理器5可另設有一通訊埠(communication port)53,供該處理器5與外界通訊,進而得知各蓄電單元C的充電情況,惟不以此為限。在此實施例中,該處理器5係以擷取端 51a、51b分別電性連接該取樣端31、調節端32,並以四切控端52a、52b、52c、52d作為實施態樣說明,惟不以此為限;其中,該切控端52a、52b、52c、52d可內建電性隔離及調壓功能,該切控端52a、52b、52c、52d可分別經由接點S1、S2、S3、S4連接各受控端413,用以控制該蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4之充電狀態,惟不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 1 again, the processor 5 can be a component having a signal processing function, such as a microcontroller (MCU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a special function integrated circuit (ASIC). The processor 5 can be provided with two extraction terminals 51 and a plurality of switching terminals 52. The two extraction terminals 51 can be electrically connected to the sampling end 31 and the adjustment end 32 of the primary side regulator 3 for obtaining the sampling end 31. The electrical signal of the adjusting terminal 32 is electrically connected to the time-sharing switch 41 of each time-sharing switcher 4; in addition, the processor 5 can store a control program and parameter data (such as the voltage of the battery). And a current relationship table, a curve or an equation, etc., for performing a battery balance control operation, the processor 5 can input a signal according to the capture end 51, such as a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal or have at least An analog signal such as a sampling point, etc., outputs a signal (such as a PWM signal) at each of the switching terminals 52 to control the switching state of each of the time-sharing switches 41, and further controls the state of charge of each of the power storage units C. Moreover, the processor 5 can be further provided with a communication port 53 for the processor 5 to communicate with the outside world to know the charging status of each power storage unit C, but not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the processor 5 is connected to the processor. 51a, 51b are electrically connected to the sampling end 31 and the adjusting end 32, respectively, and the four cutting ends 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d are described as an implementation aspect, but not limited thereto; wherein the cutting end 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d can be built in electrical isolation and voltage regulation function, the cutting terminals 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d can be connected to each controlled end 413 via contacts S1, S2, S3, S4, respectively, for controlling the The state of charge of the power storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4 is not limited thereto.
本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組上述實施例實際使用時,如第1圖所示,該串聯電池組之蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4可串聯連接於該電源P的正極端P1與負極端P2之間,以便利用該電源P之一充電電流對該蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4充電。在充電過程中,該處理器5可分時切換各分時切換器4a、4b、4c、4d之分時開關41的導通狀態(如:導通順序為4a→4b→4c→4d),各次級側線圈12a、12b、12c、12d可輸出定電流,對各蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4充電,該定電流與該初級側調控器3之調節端32輸出的脈寬調變訊號之工作周期呈比例關係,例如:當對耐壓3伏特(V)的電池以2安培(A)充電時,該工作周期調整為30%;當對耐壓2伏特的電池以2安培充電時,該工作周期調整為20%,惟不以此為限。The active balance module of the present series battery pack is actually used. As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4 of the series battery pack can be connected in series to the positive terminal P1 of the power source P. Between the negative terminals P2, the storage cells C1, C2, C3, C4 are charged by a charging current of the power source P. During the charging process, the processor 5 can switch the on-state of the time-division switch 41 of each time-sharing switch 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d in a time-sharing manner (eg, the conduction sequence is 4a→4b→4c→4d), each time The stage side coils 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d can output a constant current to charge each of the power storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4, and the constant current and the pulse width modulation signal output from the adjustment terminal 32 of the primary side regulator 3 The duty cycle is proportional. For example, when charging a battery with a voltage of 3 volts (V) at 2 amps (A), the duty cycle is adjusted to 30%; when charging a battery with a voltage of 2 volts at 2 amps, The work cycle is adjusted to 20%, but not limited to this.
同時,由於各次級側線圈12a、12b、12c、12d的輸出功率(P=I×V)及定電流(I),因此,該處理器5可利用各次級側線圈12耦合至輔助線圈13的訊號(即該初級側調控器3之取樣端31輸入的訊號),以該轉換單元1釋放完能量且開始振盪前的電壓值作為該蓄電單元C之電壓值。或者,該處理器5可利用該初級側調控器3之調節端32輸出的脈寬調變訊號等比換算各蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4之電壓(V),以偵測各蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4之充電狀態,例如:該處理器5可預設各蓄電單元的電壓值與該工作週期的關係式為一線性方程式(y=ax+b),x為該工作週期,a為調整參數,b為偏移值,若a、x、b分別為1/10、30、0,則y為 3伏特(1/10×30+0),惟若x表示為30%,則a須改為10,用以維持y為3伏特(10×30%+0);其中,若需制訂該線性方程式之參數,則可實際量測該蓄電單元C之電壓值與該調節端32之工作週期而定之,如:該電壓值為3伏特時,該工作週期為30%(y=30a+b),且該電壓值為2伏特時,該工作週期為20%(y=20a+b),則可知該線性方程式之a、b分別為1/10、0,用以計算後續充電過程中的電壓值,惟不以此為限。At the same time, due to the output power (P=I×V) and the constant current (I) of each of the secondary side coils 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d, the processor 5 can be coupled to the auxiliary coil by each of the secondary side coils 12. The signal of 13 (i.e., the signal input from the sampling end 31 of the primary side regulator 3) is used as the voltage value of the storage unit C by the voltage value before the conversion unit 1 releases the energy and starts to oscillate. Alternatively, the processor 5 can convert the voltage (V) of each of the storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4 by using a pulse width modulation signal output from the adjustment terminal 32 of the primary side regulator 3 to detect each storage unit. The charging state of C1, C2, C3, C4, for example, the processor 5 can preset the relationship between the voltage value of each power storage unit and the duty cycle as a linear equation (y=ax+b), where x is the duty cycle , a is the adjustment parameter, b is the offset value, if a, x, b are 1/10, 30, 0 respectively, then y is 3 volts (1/10×30+0), but if x is expressed as 30%, then a must be changed to 10 to maintain y at 3 volts (10×30%+0); The parameter of the equation can actually measure the voltage value of the storage unit C and the duty cycle of the adjustment terminal 32. For example, when the voltage value is 3 volts, the duty cycle is 30% (y=30a+b). When the voltage value is 2 volts, the duty cycle is 20% (y=20a+b), then it can be seen that the linear equations a and b are 1/10 and 0, respectively, for calculating the voltage during the subsequent charging process. Value, but not limited to this.
其中,若有任一蓄電單元C(如:C2)之電荷狀態(SoC)不平衡,則該處理器5可經由接點S2切換該分時切換器4b為導通(ON)狀態,令該次級側線圈12b額外輸出一補充電流至蓄電單元C2,以利用該補充電流及充電電流共同對該蓄電單元C2充電,以加速補充該蓄電單元C2的電荷量,直到其電荷狀態平衡為止(如第2圖之L1所示),即可切換該分時切換器4b為截斷(OFF)狀態。依此類推,若有任何電荷狀態不平衡之蓄電單元C(如第2圖之L2所示),即可藉由上述方式加速補充其充電量,使該蓄電單元C之電荷狀態平衡。又,由於該次級側線圈12的輸出電壓為電流固定,可由該處理器5設定之電壓為該蓄電單元C充電,且該定電流之關係可供該處理器5估算電池老化情況。If the state of charge (SoC) of any of the storage cells C (eg, C2) is unbalanced, the processor 5 can switch the time-sharing switch 4b to the ON state via the contact S2, so that the time The stage side coil 12b additionally outputs a supplemental current to the power storage unit C2 to collectively charge the power storage unit C2 by the supplemental current and the charging current to accelerate the charge amount of the power storage unit C2 until the charge state is balanced (eg, 2 (shown as L1 in the figure), the time-sharing switch 4b can be switched to the OFF state. Similarly, if there is any power storage unit C whose charge state is unbalanced (as shown by L2 in FIG. 2), the charge amount can be accelerated by the above-described manner to balance the charge state of the power storage unit C. Moreover, since the output voltage of the secondary side coil 12 is constant, the voltage set by the processor 5 can charge the power storage unit C, and the relationship of the constant current can be used by the processor 5 to estimate the battery aging condition.
請參閱第3圖所示,其係本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第二實施例的電路示意圖。其中,相較於第一實施例,該第二實施例另包含數個隔離器6,各隔離器6電性連接於該處理器5之各切控端52與各分時切換器4之分時開關41的受控端413之間,用以隔離該分時開關41與處理器5之間的傳輸雜訊,避免該蓄電單元C在充電過程中受雜訊干擾而損壞。在此實施例中,係以四隔離器6作為實施態樣說明,各隔離器6可為一光耦合器(photo coupler),惟不以此為限;其中,各隔離器6具有一輸入端61及一輸出端62,各輸入端61電性連接各切控端52,各輸出端62電性連接各受控端413,以便隔離該處理器5與各分時切換器4之間的 電氣雜訊,且可調整該處理器5輸出至受控端413的電壓,惟不以此為限。Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the active balancing module of the present series battery pack. In the second embodiment, the second embodiment further includes a plurality of isolators 6 , and each of the isolators 6 is electrically connected to each of the cutting ends 52 of the processor 5 and the time-sharing switches 4 . The control terminal 413 of the switch 41 is used to isolate the transmission noise between the time-sharing switch 41 and the processor 5 to prevent the power storage unit C from being damaged by noise during charging. In this embodiment, the four isolators 6 are used as an embodiment. Each of the isolators 6 can be a photo coupler, but not limited thereto. Each of the isolators 6 has an input end. 61 and an output terminal 62, each input end 61 is electrically connected to each of the control terminals 52, and each output end 62 is electrically connected to each controlled end 413 to isolate the processor 5 from each of the time-sharing switches 4. Electrical noise, and the voltage output from the processor 5 to the controlled terminal 413 can be adjusted, but not limited thereto.
請參閱第4圖所示,其係本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第三實施例的電路示意圖。其中,相較於第一實施例,該第三實施例還可以設有一電壓偵測器7,該電壓偵測器7設有數個偵測端71、數個管控端72及一通信埠(communication port)73,各偵測端71可電性連接各蓄電單元C,用以偵測各蓄電單元C的充電狀態;各管控端72電性連接各分時切換器4之分時開關41,用以替代該處理器5控制該分時開關41;該通信埠73可電性連接該處理器5之通訊埠53,供該電壓偵測器7與處理器5相互通訊;又,該電壓偵測器7還可以設有一指示燈74,用以指示該電壓偵測器7的工作狀態,如:該管控端72是否輸出訊號接管該分時開關41的開關狀態。在此實施例中,該電壓偵測器7可採用凌力爾特公司(LINEAR)之LTC6804控制器,惟不以此為限。詳言之,由於串聯電池組的串聯電壓相當高,如在電池充電過程中,稍有不慎或有雜訊,均有可能會使該處理器5或初級側調控器3故障,而造成該蓄電單元C運作異常或損壞,故,為避免此一情況發生,可由該電壓偵測器7作為備用控制器,並由該偵測端71偵測各蓄電單元C的充電狀態,以便於該蓄電單元C運作異常時,即時將偵測情況傳送至該處理器5,該處理器5分析該偵測情況後,可傳送控制命令至該電壓偵測器7,使該電壓偵測器7由該管控端72管控各蓄電單元C的充電過程,同時,可由該指示燈74提醒相關人員進行檢測,以防損害範圍擴大。Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the active balancing module of the present series battery pack. The third embodiment may further include a voltage detector 7 configured with a plurality of detecting ends 71, a plurality of control terminals 72, and a communication port (communication). Port 73, each detecting end 71 can be electrically connected to each power storage unit C for detecting the charging state of each power storage unit C; each control terminal 72 is electrically connected to the time sharing switch 41 of each time-sharing switch 4, In place of the processor 5, the time-sharing switch 41 is controlled; the communication port 73 is electrically connected to the communication port 53 of the processor 5 for the voltage detector 7 to communicate with the processor 5; The indicator 7 can also be provided with an indicator light 74 for indicating the operating state of the voltage detector 7, such as whether the control terminal 72 outputs a signal to take over the switching state of the time-sharing switch 41. In this embodiment, the voltage detector 7 can be used with the LTEC6804 controller of LINEAR, but not limited thereto. In detail, since the series voltage of the series battery pack is relatively high, such as during battery charging, a slight inadvertent or no noise may cause the processor 5 or the primary side regulator 3 to malfunction, resulting in The power storage unit C operates abnormally or is damaged. Therefore, in order to avoid this, the voltage detector 7 can be used as a standby controller, and the detecting terminal 71 detects the charging state of each power storage unit C to facilitate the power storage. When the operation of the unit C is abnormal, the detection situation is immediately transmitted to the processor 5. After analyzing the detection condition, the processor 5 can transmit a control command to the voltage detector 7, so that the voltage detector 7 is The control terminal 72 controls the charging process of each of the power storage units C, and at the same time, the indicator light 74 can be used to remind relevant personnel to perform detection to prevent the damage range from expanding.
請參閱第5圖所示,其係本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組之第四實施例的電路示意圖。其中,相較於第一實施例,該第四實施例還可以設有一變阻切換器8,該變阻切換器8電性連接於該返馳開關2及該處理器5所設之一換阻端54,用以調整輸出至該蓄電單元C的充電電流,以便對需要補充電荷容量的蓄電單元C使用大電流充電,另利用小電流時 偵測輪流各蓄電單元C之狀態。在此實施例中,該變阻切換器8可設有一變阻開關81(可為電磁閥、雙極性電晶體或金屬氧化物半導體電晶體等,惟不以此為限)、一小阻元件82及一大阻元件83,該變阻開關81電性連接該返馳開關2及處理器5,該小阻元件82及大阻元件83電性連接於該變阻開關81與該接地端之間,惟不以此為限。以下說明其使用方式。Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the active balancing module of the present series battery pack. The fourth embodiment may further be provided with a varistor switch 8 electrically connected to the flyback switch 2 and the processor 5 The blocking end 54 is configured to adjust the charging current outputted to the power storage unit C so as to use a large current charging for the power storage unit C that needs to supplement the charge capacity, and when using a small current The state of each power storage unit C in turn is detected. In this embodiment, the varistor switch 8 can be provided with a variable resistance switch 81 (which can be a solenoid valve, a bipolar transistor or a metal oxide semiconductor transistor, etc., but not limited thereto), a small resistance component 82 and a large resistance element 83, the variable resistance switch 81 is electrically connected to the flyback switch 2 and the processor 5, and the small resistance element 82 and the large resistance element 83 are electrically connected to the variable resistance switch 81 and the ground end Between, but not limited to this. The following describes how to use it.
舉例而言,請再參閱第5圖所示,以該處理器5導通該分時切換器4a為例,當該分時切換器4a導通時,該次級側線圈12a可輸出定電流對該蓄電單元C1充電,同時,該處理器5可得知該蓄電單元C1之充電電壓,已如前述。值得注意的是,當該返馳開關2與接地端之間具有小電阻時,該次級側線圈12a可輸出電流固定之大電流(如第6圖所示之L3),用以快速充電至該蓄電單元C1。反之,當該返馳開關2與接地端之間具有大電阻時,該次級側線圈12a可輸出電流固定之小電流(如第6圖所示之L4),同時,該次級側線圈12a耦合至該輔助線圈13所產生一分壓訊號(如第7圖所示),可輸入至該初級側調控器3之取樣端31,且該初級側調控器3之調節端32可輸出一調節訊號(如第8圖所示),該處理器5可利用該調節訊號及分壓訊號推算該蓄電單元C1之電壓值;其中,由於輸出至該蓄電單元C1的電流為小電流(定電流)狀態,使該蓄電單元C1的充電量緩慢增加,可以降低該處理器5在計算過程中的充電量誤差,因此,該蓄電單元C1的充電量較為精確。依此類推,可在得知需補充電荷之蓄電單元C後,即可針對蓄電單元C充電,且不超過其耐壓值(如:5伏特),可避免該電池單元的電壓過高造成蓄電單元損壞。For example, referring to FIG. 5, the processor 5 turns on the time-sharing switch 4a as an example. When the time-sharing switch 4a is turned on, the secondary-side coil 12a can output a constant current to the The power storage unit C1 is charged, and at the same time, the processor 5 can know the charging voltage of the power storage unit C1 as described above. It should be noted that when there is a small resistance between the flyback switch 2 and the ground, the secondary side coil 12a can output a large current with a fixed current (such as L3 shown in FIG. 6) for fast charging to The power storage unit C1. On the other hand, when there is a large resistance between the flyback switch 2 and the ground, the secondary side coil 12a can output a small current with a fixed current (L4 shown in FIG. 6), and at the same time, the secondary side coil 12a A voltage dividing signal (shown in FIG. 7) generated by the auxiliary coil 13 can be input to the sampling end 31 of the primary side regulator 3, and the regulating end 32 of the primary side regulator 3 can output an adjustment. The signal (as shown in FIG. 8), the processor 5 can use the adjustment signal and the voltage division signal to estimate the voltage value of the power storage unit C1; wherein, the current output to the power storage unit C1 is a small current (constant current) In the state, the charge amount of the power storage unit C1 is slowly increased, and the charge amount error of the processor 5 during the calculation can be reduced. Therefore, the charge amount of the power storage unit C1 is relatively accurate. By analogy, after the storage unit C that needs to be replenished is known, the storage unit C can be charged and does not exceed its withstand voltage value (for example, 5 volts), thereby avoiding the battery voltage being excessively high and causing storage. The unit is damaged.
請參閱第9圖所示,其係本創作之主動平衡模組的控制方法實施例之流程示意圖。其中,該控制方法實施例包含一補充步驟T1,係由該處理器接收一補充電池名單,該補充電池名單具有需要補充電力之蓄電單元,導通該補充電池名單所列蓄電單元與該轉換單元的次級側線圈之間 的充電路徑,使該次級側線圈分時以一定電流補充電力至該蓄電單元。在此實施例中,請一併參閱第1圖所示,該處理器5可由該通訊埠53取得該補充電池名單,該補充電池名單可由該主動平衡模組外部之裝置(如第4圖所示之電壓偵測器7)或儀器(如電表)所產生,該補充電池名單中的蓄電單元數量可為一個或數個,若該補充電池名單中僅有一個蓄電單元C(如:C1),則該處理器5可送出訊號至該分時切換器4a,使該蓄電單元C1與該轉換單元1之間的充電路徑導通,令該轉換單元1之次級側線圈12a補充電力至該蓄電單元C1;若該補充電池名單中有數個蓄電單元C(如:C2、C3、C4),則該處理器5可採分時多工(TDM)方式輪流送出訊號至該分時切換器4b、4c、4d,使該蓄電單元C2、C3、C4與該轉換單元1之間的充電路徑輪流導通,令該轉換單元1之次級側線圈12b、12c、12d分時維持定電流,以補充電力至該蓄電單元C2、C3、C4,並分別維持一段補充時間,該補充電力之定電流以大電流為佳,以利快速充電,惟亦可用小電流充電,並不以此為限;例如:C2大電流充電(1秒)→C3大電流充電(1秒)→C4大電流充電(1秒),或者,C1小電流(1秒)→C2大電流充電(1秒)→C3大電流充電(1秒)→C4大電流充電(1秒),惟不以此為限。Please refer to FIG. 9 , which is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a control method for an active balancing module of the present invention. The control method embodiment includes a supplementary step T1, in which the processor receives a supplementary battery list, the supplementary battery list has a power storage unit that needs to be supplemented with power, and turns on the power storage unit listed in the supplementary battery list and the conversion unit. Between secondary side coils The charging path is such that the secondary side coil replenishes power to the power storage unit with a constant current. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 together, the processor 5 can obtain the supplementary battery list from the communication port 53, and the supplementary battery list can be externally connected to the active balancing module (as shown in FIG. 4). The voltage detector 7) or the instrument (such as an electric meter) is generated, and the number of power storage units in the supplementary battery list may be one or several, if there is only one power storage unit C in the supplementary battery list (for example: C1) The processor 5 can send a signal to the time-sharing switch 4a to turn on the charging path between the power storage unit C1 and the conversion unit 1, so that the secondary side coil 12a of the conversion unit 1 replenishes power to the power storage. The unit C1; if there are a plurality of power storage units C (for example, C2, C3, and C4) in the supplementary battery list, the processor 5 can transmit the signals to the time-sharing switch 4b in turn by using a time division multiplexing (TDM) method. 4c, 4d, the charging path between the power storage units C2, C3, C4 and the conversion unit 1 is turned on in turn, so that the secondary side coils 12b, 12c, 12d of the conversion unit 1 maintain a constant current in time to supplement the electric power. To the power storage units C2, C3, and C4, and maintain a supplemental time, The constant current of the supplementary power is better with a large current for fast charging, but it can also be charged with a small current, not limited to this; for example: C2 high current charging (1 second) → C3 high current charging (1 second) → C4 high current charging (1 second), or, C1 small current (1 second) → C2 high current charging (1 second) → C3 high current charging (1 second) → C4 high current charging (1 second), but not Limited.
請再參閱第9圖所示,本創作之主動平衡模組的控制方法實施例在進行該補充步驟T1之前,還可先進行一偵測步驟T0,係由該處理器分時導通各蓄電單元與該轉換單元的各次級側線圈之間的充電路徑,排序各次級側線圈分時耦合至該初級側調控器之電性特徵,依據排序結果選擇至少一蓄電單元列入上述補充電池名單。在此實施例中,請一併參閱第5圖所示,在該補充步驟T1中,該次級側線圈輸出的電流為一補充電流,在該偵測步驟T0中,該次級側線圈輸出的電流為一偵測電流,該偵測電流小於或等於該補充電流為佳;其中,該處理器5可先送出訊號至該變阻切 換器8,使該變阻切換器8切換為適於量測的大電阻,以便各蓄電單元C保持小電流作為測量之用,惟亦可於大電流時進行量測,並不以此為限;例如:該處理器5可輪流送出訊號至該分時切換器4a、4b、4c、4d,使各蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4與該轉換單元1的各次級側線圈12a、12b、12c、12d之間的充電路徑輪流導通,如:C1小電流量測→C2小電流量測→C3小電流量測→C4小電流量測,令各次級側線圈12a、12b、12c、12d輪流耦合於該輔助線圈13,該處理器5可於特定週期時間,由擷取端51a對該輔助線圈13產生的分壓訊號取樣產生一取樣點M(如第7圖所示),待對該等電壓值進行排序(如:採用快速排序法或泡沫排序法等)後,即可得知該輔助線圈13耦合各次級側線圈12a、12b、12c、12d的電壓值,該等電壓值可對應各蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4的充電情況,據以產生該補充電池名單,並監視各蓄電單元C的電壓是否超過其耐壓值,以下係舉例說明該補充電池名單中所列蓄電單元的選擇方式,惟不以此為限。Please refer to FIG. 9 again. Before performing the supplementary step T1, the embodiment of the control method of the active balance module of the present invention may further perform a detecting step T0, wherein the processor turns on each of the power storage units in a time-sharing manner. And a charging path between each secondary side coil of the conversion unit, sorting the electrical characteristics of each secondary side coil to be coupled to the primary side regulator, and selecting at least one power storage unit to be included in the supplementary battery list according to the sorting result . In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, in the supplementary step T1, the current output by the secondary side coil is a supplementary current, and in the detecting step T0, the secondary side coil output is The current is a detection current, and the detection current is less than or equal to the supplement current; wherein the processor 5 can send the signal to the varistor The converter 8 switches the varistor switch 8 to a large resistance suitable for measurement, so that each power storage unit C maintains a small current for measurement, but can also measure at a large current, and does not For example, the processor 5 can alternately send signals to the time-sharing switches 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, so that the power storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4 and the secondary side coils 12a of the conversion unit 1 are The charging path between 12b, 12c, and 12d is turned on in turn, such as: C1 small current measurement → C2 small current measurement → C3 small current measurement → C4 small current measurement, so that each secondary side coil 12a, 12b, 12c 12d is coupled to the auxiliary coil 13 in turn. The processor 5 can generate a sampling point M (as shown in FIG. 7) by sampling the voltage dividing signal generated by the auxiliary coil 13 by the capturing end 51a at a specific cycle time. After the voltage values are sorted (for example, by using a quick sort method or a bubble sorting method, etc.), the voltage values of the auxiliary coils 13 coupled to the secondary side coils 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d can be known. The voltage value can correspond to the charging condition of each of the power storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4, thereby generating the supplementary battery list, and Depending on whether each storage cell C exceeds its withstand voltage value, the following lines illustrate selection of the way of the power storage unit included in the list of added cells, but is not limited thereto.
舉例而言,如第1及9圖所示,該處理器5還可計算該輔助線圈13對應各蓄電單元C之電壓值與該等電壓值中的最大值之差異值,若任一蓄電單元C所屬之差異值大於一門檻值,則可將該差異值所屬之蓄電單元C列入該補充電池名單,該門檻值可為該最大值與一百分比(如:≦20%)的乘積,若該蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4對應的取樣點M電壓分別為3(最大值)、1.5、2、2.5,則該門檻值可為3*20%=0.6,則該蓄電單元C1、C2、C3、C4與最大值的差值分別為0、1.5(>0.6)、1(>0.6)、0.5,亦即,該蓄電單元C2、C3需列入該補充電池名單中。之後,再進行上述補充步驟T1,由該處理器5接收該補充電池名單,該補充電池名單具有需要補充電之蓄電單元C2、C3,該處理器5可導通該蓄電單元C2、C3與該轉換單元1之間的充電路徑,使該轉換單元1補充電力至該蓄電單元C2、C3,如:C2大電流充電(1秒)→C3大電流充電(1秒),或者,C1小電 流量測(1秒)→C2大電流充電(1秒)→C3大電流充電(1秒)→C4小電流量測(1秒),惟不以此為限。之後,可再重複進行偵測步驟T0,以監控該串聯電池組中各蓄電單元C是否需要額外補充電力,或其電壓值是否超過其耐壓值。其中,當各蓄電單元C需由該主動平衡模組補充電力時,才需產生該補充電池名單,以進行該補充步驟T1,否則,無需產生該補充電池名單,亦無須進行該補充步驟T1。For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the processor 5 can also calculate the difference between the voltage value of the auxiliary coil 13 corresponding to each of the power storage units C and the maximum value of the voltage values, and if any of the power storage units If the difference value of C belongs to a threshold value, the power storage unit C to which the difference value belongs may be included in the supplementary battery list, and the threshold may be the product of the maximum value and a percentage (for example, ≦20%). The voltages of the sampling points M corresponding to the power storage units C1, C2, C3, and C4 are respectively 3 (maximum), 1.5, 2, and 2.5, and the threshold value can be 3*20%=0.6, and the power storage units C1 and C2 are The difference between C3, C4 and the maximum value is 0, 1.5 (>0.6), 1 (>0.6), 0.5, that is, the power storage units C2 and C3 are included in the supplementary battery list. Thereafter, the supplementary step T1 is further performed, and the supplementary battery list is received by the processor 5, and the supplementary battery list has power storage units C2 and C3 that need to be supplemented, and the processor 5 can turn on the power storage units C2 and C3 and the conversion. The charging path between the units 1 causes the conversion unit 1 to supplement the power to the power storage units C2, C3, such as: C2 high current charging (1 second) → C3 high current charging (1 second), or, C1 small power Flow measurement (1 second) → C2 high current charging (1 second) → C3 high current charging (1 second) → C4 small current measurement (1 second), but not limited to this. Thereafter, the detecting step T0 can be repeated to monitor whether each of the power storage units C in the series battery pack requires additional supplementary power, or whether its voltage value exceeds its withstand voltage value. Wherein, when each power storage unit C needs to be supplemented with power by the active balancing module, the supplementary battery list needs to be generated to perform the supplementary step T1; otherwise, the supplementary battery list need not be generated, and the supplementary step T1 is not required.
藉由前揭之技術手段,本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組上述實施例的主要特點列舉如下:該串聯電池組的主動平衡模組包含該轉換單元、返馳開關、初級側調控器、分時切換器及處理器,該轉換單元設有一初級側線圈、數個次級側線圈及一輔助線圈,該輔助線圈與各次級側線圈之極性相同;該返馳開關電性連接該轉換單元之初級側線圈;該初級側調控器具有一取樣端及一調節端,該取樣端電性連接該轉換單元之輔助線圈,該調節端電性連接該返馳開關;該分時切換器電性連接於該轉換單元之數個次級側線圈與一串聯電池組之數個蓄電單元之間;該處理器電性連接該分時切換器及該初級側調控器。The main features of the above embodiment are as follows: The active balancing module of the series battery pack includes the conversion unit, the flyback switch, the primary side controller, a time-sharing switch and a processor, the conversion unit is provided with a primary side coil, a plurality of secondary side coils and an auxiliary coil, the auxiliary coil and the secondary side coils have the same polarity; the flyback switch is electrically connected to the conversion a primary side coil of the unit; the primary side regulator has a sampling end and an adjustment end, the sampling end is electrically connected to the auxiliary coil of the conversion unit, and the adjustment end is electrically connected to the flyback switch; the time sharing switch is electrically Connected between the plurality of secondary side coils of the conversion unit and the plurality of power storage units of the series battery pack; the processor is electrically connected to the time division switch and the primary side regulator.
藉此,本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組上述實施例之轉換單元的輔助線圈可耦合次級側線圈的電壓,利用輪流導通所有次級側線圈之過程,即可輸出該補充電流至電荷狀態不平衡的蓄電單元。相較於習知模組化平衡方式僅能調節電池組中的某一區域(全域平衡須用多個控制模組),本案僅需一組控制電路,即可達成全域式電池平衡,可節省設置成本,有利於量產。Thereby, the active balance module of the serial battery pack of the present invention can couple the voltage of the secondary side coil by the auxiliary coil of the conversion unit of the above embodiment, and can output the supplementary current to the electric charge by using the process of turning on all the secondary side coils in turn. A power storage unit with an unbalanced state. Compared with the conventional modular balancing method, only one area in the battery pack can be adjusted (multiple control modules are required for global balance). In this case, only one control circuit is needed to achieve global battery balance, which can save setup costs. It is conducive to mass production.
又,本創作之主動平衡模組的控制方法實施例利用輪流導通所有次級側線圈,即可偵測所有次級側線圈連接的蓄電單元狀態,可進一步補充電力至蓄電單元,及估測各蓄電單元的老化情況,偵測過程中的電流為小電流(定電流)狀態,充電過程中的電流為大電流(但其電壓值不 超過其耐壓值)可避免該蓄電單元的電壓過高,亦可降低功率消耗。Moreover, the embodiment of the control method for the active balance module of the present invention can detect the state of the power storage unit connected to all the secondary side coils by turning on all the secondary side coils in turn, further supplementing the power to the power storage unit, and estimating each The aging condition of the power storage unit, the current during the detection process is a small current (constant current) state, and the current during charging is a large current (but the voltage value is not Exceeding the withstand voltage value) can prevent the voltage of the power storage unit from being too high, and can also reduce power consumption.
又,本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組上述實施例之初級側調控器、返馳開關及轉換單元可共同構成具有初級側調節功能之返馳式架構,可改善習知返馳式轉換器(次級側調節)之「初級側無法接收多組回授訊號」及「用於多線圈控制時,易造成磁飽和而致線圈毀損」等問題。Moreover, the active balance module of the present series battery pack can be combined to form a flyback architecture with a primary side adjustment function, which can improve the conventional flyback converter. (Second-side adjustment) The "primary side cannot receive multiple sets of feedback signals" and "when used for multi-coil control, it is easy to cause magnetic saturation and the coil is damaged".
綜上所述,本創作串聯電池組的主動平衡模組上述實施例,除可改善習知返馳式轉換器(次級側調節)之「初級側無法接收多組回授訊號」及「用於多線圈控制時,易造成磁飽和而致線圈毀損」等問題,更可達成「節省設置成本」、「易量產」、「避免電池電壓過高、「降低功率消耗」等功效。In summary, the active balance module of the present series battery pack can improve the "primary side cannot receive multiple sets of feedback signals" and "use" in addition to improving the conventional flyback converter (secondary side adjustment). In the case of multi-coil control, it is easy to cause magnetic saturation and the coil is damaged. It can also achieve "savings in installation cost", "easy mass production", "avoiding high battery voltage, and reducing power consumption".
雖然本創作已利用上述實施例揭示,然其並非用以限定本創作,任何熟習此技藝者在不脫離本創作之精神和範圍之內,相對上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬本創作所保護之技術範疇,因此本創作之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is still within the spirit and scope of the present invention to make various changes and modifications to the above embodiments. The technical scope of protection, therefore, the scope of protection of this creation is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached.
1‧‧‧轉換單元1‧‧‧Conversion unit
11‧‧‧初級側線圈11‧‧‧Primary side coil
12,12a,12b‧‧‧次級側線圈12, 12a, 12b‧‧‧ secondary side coil
12c,12d‧‧‧次級側線圈12c, 12d‧‧‧second side coil
13‧‧‧輔助線圈13‧‧‧Auxiliary coil
2‧‧‧返馳開關2‧‧‧Return switch
21‧‧‧輸入端21‧‧‧ input
22‧‧‧輸出端22‧‧‧ Output
23‧‧‧受控端23‧‧‧Controlled end
3‧‧‧初級側調控器3‧‧‧Primary side regulator
31‧‧‧取樣端31‧‧‧Sampling end
32‧‧‧調節端32‧‧‧ Adjusting end
4,4a,4b‧‧‧分時切換器4,4a, 4b‧‧‧Time Switcher
4c,4d‧‧‧分時切換器4c, 4d‧‧‧time switch
41‧‧‧分時開關41‧‧‧Time switch
411‧‧‧輸入端411‧‧‧ input
412‧‧‧輸出端412‧‧‧output
413‧‧‧受控端413‧‧‧ controlled end
42‧‧‧逆止元件42‧‧‧Backstop element
5‧‧‧處理器5‧‧‧ Processor
51,51a,51b‧‧‧擷取端51, 51a, 51b‧‧‧ capture end
52,52a,52b‧‧‧切控端52, 52a, 52b‧‧‧ cutting end
52c,52d‧‧‧切控端52c, 52d‧‧‧ cutting end
53‧‧‧通訊埠53‧‧‧Communication埠
C,C1,C2‧‧‧蓄電單元C, C1, C2‧‧‧ power storage unit
C3,C4‧‧‧蓄電單元C3, C4‧‧‧ electricity storage unit
P‧‧‧電源P‧‧‧Power supply
P1‧‧‧正極端P1‧‧‧ positive end
P2‧‧‧負極端P2‧‧‧ negative end
R‧‧‧限流元件R‧‧‧ current limiting components
S1、S2‧‧‧接點S1, S2‧‧‧ joints
S3、S4‧‧‧接點S3, S4‧‧‧ joints
V‧‧‧供電端V‧‧‧Power supply
W‧‧‧電子開關W‧‧‧Electronic switch
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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TW103217710U TWM497385U (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2014-10-03 | Active balancing module for a series battery |
CN201420606426.7U CN204167947U (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2014-10-20 | Active balancing module of series battery pack |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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TW103217710U TWM497385U (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2014-10-03 | Active balancing module for a series battery |
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TWM497385U true TWM497385U (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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TW103217710U TWM497385U (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2014-10-03 | Active balancing module for a series battery |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI573311B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-03-01 | Changs Ascending Enterprise Co Ltd | Charge and discharge balance structure |
TWI581543B (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-05-01 | 輝創電子股份有限公司 | Active balancing module for a series battery and control method thereof |
TWI789990B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-01-11 | 台泥儲能科技股份有限公司 | Methods of detecting the state of health (soh) of a battery system |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105024429A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-04 | 钟玉麟 | Full-time balance power system |
CN106911152A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 新普科技股份有限公司 | Wireless charging balance system and wireless charging balance method |
CN113966284A (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2022-01-21 | Avl动力工程公司 | Vehicle axle assembly |
US11843097B2 (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2023-12-12 | Avl Powertrain Engineering, Inc. | Power supply control systems and methods |
-
2014
- 2014-10-03 TW TW103217710U patent/TWM497385U/en unknown
- 2014-10-20 CN CN201420606426.7U patent/CN204167947U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI581543B (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-05-01 | 輝創電子股份有限公司 | Active balancing module for a series battery and control method thereof |
TWI573311B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-03-01 | Changs Ascending Enterprise Co Ltd | Charge and discharge balance structure |
TWI789990B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-01-11 | 台泥儲能科技股份有限公司 | Methods of detecting the state of health (soh) of a battery system |
Also Published As
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CN204167947U (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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