M305497 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關一種過電壓斷路裝置，特別是指一種读 測電機輸出電壓過高時即自動快速斷電，以保護車載電子 設備不致燒毀之目的者。 【先前技術】 按，傳統機車之車體佈線構造，係藉由一發電機輪出 電壓並經過一調壓器（Regulator)後直接接入電瓶 (Battery)中，車體中其餘電子設備則直接使用電瓶之電 力，該發電機或電瓶間僅利用一保險絲A (Fuse)提供過 電流保護，當調壓器或電瓶異常時，上述發電機所輸出之 交流電壓將將直接輸人車體主電源，若引擎轉速同使處於 較高轉速時，此發電機所輸出之交流電壓可能高達託峨 (正常情況下此電源應為12〜14 5VDC)，在此 態下會導致所有車載雷+讯供〇兰士 吩 “么 Η早戰電子叹備（儀表、引擎控制器）燒毁， 進而危害到駕駛人的安全性。 【新型内容】 爰是’本創作之主要目的， 驻罟，及壯 曰在k供一種過電壓斷路 虞置係裝設於發電機（電瓶）與車載電子^^ Φ雪厭、K + /、平戰电千没備間，當輪 出電壓過向日守即自動斷電來保 盔 I电于6又備不致燒毀者。 為達上述之目的，本創作 有： 州作之過電壓斷路裝置，係包括 -電壓谓測元件，一端連 至第一雷S触 ^ ^ _ 电么勒入知，另端連接 主弟電曰曰體，該電壓偵測元 而㈣ 咏〇又疋名員定電壓值，以 4 M305497 偵測輸入端電壓值狀態。 一第一電晶體，其基極（Base)連接於該電壓偵測元 件’射極（Emi tter )接地，其集極（c〇 11 ector )連接於 第二電晶體。 一第二電晶體，其基極（Base )與上述第一電晶體之 集極（Collector)相連接’集極（Collector)連接於電 壓輸入端’其射極（Emitter)連接至電壓輸出端。M305497 VIII. New description: [New technical field] This creation is related to an over-voltage breaking device, especially when the output voltage of the reading motor is too high, it will automatically and quickly turn off the power to protect the vehicle electronic equipment from burning. By. [Prior Art] According to the traditional locomotive body wiring structure, the voltage is output from a generator and passed through a regulator (Regulator) directly into the battery. The rest of the electronic equipment in the vehicle body is directly Using the power of the battery, the generator or the battery uses only a fuse A (Fuse) to provide overcurrent protection. When the regulator or battery is abnormal, the AC voltage output by the generator will directly input the main power of the vehicle body. If the engine speed is the same as the high speed, the AC voltage output by the generator may be as high as the load (normally, the power supply should be 12~14 5VDC), in this state, all the vehicle lightning + communication will be caused. Lan Lanshi ordered that "Mr. Η 电子 电子 电子 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表 仪表In k, an over-voltage circuit is installed in the generator (battery) and the vehicle electronics ^^ Φ snow 厌, K + /, Ping war electric thousand is not prepared, when the wheel voltage is over the line, it is automatically broken. Electric to protect the helmet I electric in 6 and prepared In order to achieve the above purposes, the author has: The state-made over-voltage breaking device, including - voltage pre-measuring components, one end connected to the first thunder S touch ^ ^ _ electric 勒 入 ,, the other end of the connection The first brother, the base of the electric transistor, is connected to the voltage. The voltage detecting element 'Emi tter is grounded, and its collector (c〇11 ector ) is connected to the second transistor. A second transistor has a base (Base) and a collector of the first transistor. (Collector) connected to the 'collector' connected to the voltage input 'the emitter (Emitter) is connected to the voltage output.
在一較佳實施例中，該電壓偵測元件為一稽那二極體 (Zener diode ) ° 在一理想實施例中，該第一電晶體為雙載子接面電晶 體（Bipolar Junction Trans istor)或金氧半場效電晶體 f ield-effect ( metal-oxi de-semi conductor transistor )之其一。 在一可行實施例中，該第二電晶體可為雙載子接面電 晶體（Bipolar Junction Transistor)或金氧半場效電晶 體 （meta卜oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor)之其一。 如上所述，本創作之過電壓斷路裝置係利用該電壓偵 測元件（或稽那二極體Zener diode)偵測過電壓之狀態， 並藉由该第一電晶體及第二電晶體作為斷電與導通之電源 開關，透過上述第-電晶體及第二電晶體可達到快速開關 動作，當該電壓偵測元件偵測到電壓過高時，該第一電晶 體及第二電晶體可馬上反應以爭取保護時間，確實執行 速斷電來保護車載f子設備及本身電路者，Μ在輸入電 5 M305497 快速回歸正常工作狀態之輪 壓回復到正常之工作電壓時 出電壓。 【實施方式】 兹為便於㈣查委員能更進一步對本創作之 使用及其特徵有更深一層，明確 , 〇子貝的涊識與瞭解，創 作人舉出較佳之實施例，配合圖式詳細說明如下· 首先請參閱第1圖至第3圖所示，本創作係為-種過 電壓斷路裝置1，係包括有： ^In a preferred embodiment, the voltage detecting component is a Zener diode. In a preferred embodiment, the first transistor is a bipolar junction transistor (Bipolar Junction Trans istor) Or one of the metal-oxi de-semi conductor transistors. In a possible embodiment, the second transistor may be one of a Bipolar Junction Transistor or an oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. As described above, the overvoltage breaking device of the present invention uses the voltage detecting component (or the Zener diode) to detect the state of the overvoltage, and the first transistor and the second transistor are used as the break. The power switch of the electric and the conduction can achieve a fast switching action through the first transistor and the second transistor. When the voltage detecting component detects that the voltage is too high, the first transistor and the second transistor can be immediately In order to obtain protection time, the company will perform fast power-off to protect the vehicle's sub-subsidiary equipment and its own circuit. When the input voltage 5 M305497 returns to the normal working state, the wheel pressure returns to the normal working voltage. [Embodiment] For the convenience of (4) the committee can further deepen the use of this creation and its characteristics, and clearly, the knowledge and understanding of the scorpion, the creator gives a better example, with the following detailed description · Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 3 first. This creation is an over-voltage circuit breaker 1, which includes: ^
，另端連 一額定電 一電壓偵測元件Π,—端連接於電壓輸入端 接至第一電晶體12，該電壓偵測元件u係設定 壓值，以偵測輸入端電壓值狀態。 一第一電晶體12，其基極（Base)連接於該電壓偵測 元件11，射極（Emitter)接地，其集極（c〇Uect〇r)連 接於第二電晶體13。 一第二電晶體13，其基極（Base )與上述第一電晶體 12之集極（Collector)相連接，集極（c〇iiector)連接 於電壓輸入端，其射極（Emitter)連接至電壓輸出端。 在一較佳實施例中，該電壓偵測元件1丨為一稽那二極 體（Zener diode )。 在一理想實施例中，該第一電晶體12為雙載子接面電 晶體（Bipolar JunctionTransistor)或金氧半場效電晶 體 ( metal-oxide-semi conductor f ield-effect transistor)之其一。 在一可行實施例中，該第二電晶體13可為雙載子接面 M305497 電晶體（Bipolar Junction Transistor)或金氧半場效電 晶體（metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor )之其一。 如上所述，本創作之過電壓斷路裝置丨係利用該電壓 偵測元件11 (或稽那二極體Zener diode )偵測過電壓之 狀態，並藉由該第一電晶體12及第二電晶體13作為斷電 與導通之電源開關，透過上述第一電晶體丨2及第二電晶體 13可達到快速開關動作，當該電壓偵測元件丨丨偵測到電 #壓過高時，該第一電晶體12及第二電晶體13可馬上反應 以爭取保護時間，確實執行快速斷電來保護車載電子設備 及本身電路者。 請參閱第4圓並配合上述第丨至3圖所示，在本實施 例中，該電壓偵測元件u係設定之額定電壓值為33V，而 該車載電子設備之工作電壓上限為2〇v。 本創作之過電壓斷路裝置丨之輸入電壓與輸出電壓之 鲁關係如第4圖（A)所示，當輸入之電壓低於額定電壓（在 本實施例設定為33V)時，該過電壓斷路裝置i會輸出與 輸入相近之電壓提供後端車載電子設備使用。 若輸入端所輪入之電壓過高時，該電壓偵測元件】丄 偵測到輸入電壓超過額定電壓值（預設33V)後即導通， 驅動第一電晶體12接地，間接驅動第二電晶體13快速關 閉立即呈斷電狀態，使超過的輸入端之電壓不致繼續流 向輸出端，以保護後端之車載電子設備。而斷電後，後端 之車載電子設備亦無法使用。 M305497 *再另可行只細例中（參圖4(B)所示），該過電壓 斷路裝置1亦可設定為可調整輸出電壓，當輸入端之電壓 小於後端車載電子設備之工作電屋上限時（設定為挪）， 輸出立而之輸出電壓與輸入端電壓相等。 田輸入電壓介於工作電壓上限（2〇v)與電壓偵測元件 11額定電壓值（33V)之間時，輸出之電壓將會調整至工 作電壓上限（20V)供後端之車载電子設備使用。若於供電 中輸入端之電壓超過額定電壓值（33V)時，該過電壓斷路 •裝置1内之電壓偵測元件u即導通，驅動第一電晶體12 及第二電晶體13作動關閉並立即斷電，以保護後端之 電子設備。 且該該過電壓斷路裝置i可在當輸入端之電壓回復到 正吊之工作電壓時（即低於33v)，該電壓偵測元件11會 快速關斷，驅動第二電晶體13快速開啟，使輸出之電壓: 歸正常工作狀態，不致影響到後端之車載電子設備之運作。 #由本創作之過電壓斷路襄置1讓輸入端之電壓超過 額定電壓值（斷電電壓）時，可快速斷電，並且依輸入端 之電壓來調整之電壓輸出狀態，以達到電壓超過負荷時自 動斷電保護電子設備之目的者。 惟以上所述者，僅為本創作之較佳實施例而已，當不 能以此限定本創作實施之範圍，即大凡依本創作申請i利 範圍及創作說明書内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修^，皆 應仍屬本創作專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 8 M305497 第1圖’係習用利用保險絲作為電流保護之電示意圖,· 第2圖，係本創作之電路配置之示意圖； 第3圖，係本創作過電壓斷路裝置之元件示意圖； 第4A圖’係本創作斷電動作之電壓示意圖； 第4B圖，係本創作工作電壓上限之電壓示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 A · •保險 絲 1 · •過 電 壓斷路裝置 11 · •電 壓 偵測元件 12 · •第 - 電晶體 13 · •第 二 電晶體 9The other end is connected to a voltage detecting component, and the terminal is connected to the voltage input terminal to the first transistor 12. The voltage detecting component u sets the voltage value to detect the state of the voltage value at the input terminal. A first transistor 12 has a base connected to the voltage detecting element 11, an emitter connected to the ground, and a collector (c〇Uect〇r) connected to the second transistor 13. a second transistor 13 having a base connected to the collector of the first transistor 12, a collector connected to the voltage input terminal, and an emitter connected to the emitter Voltage output. In a preferred embodiment, the voltage detecting component 1 is a Zener diode. In a preferred embodiment, the first transistor 12 is one of a Bipolar Junction Transistor or a metal-oxide-semi-conductor-eductive-effect transistor. In a possible embodiment, the second transistor 13 can be one of a Bipolar Junction Transistor or a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. As described above, the overvoltage breaking device of the present invention uses the voltage detecting component 11 (or the Zener diode) to detect the state of the overvoltage, and the first transistor 12 and the second transistor are used. The crystal 13 is used as a power switch for powering off and conducting, and the fast switching operation can be achieved through the first transistor 丨2 and the second transistor 13. When the voltage detecting component detects that the voltage is too high, the The first transistor 12 and the second transistor 13 can react immediately to obtain a protection time, and indeed perform a fast power-off to protect the in-vehicle electronic device and its own circuit. Referring to the fourth circle and in conjunction with the above figures 3 to 3, in the embodiment, the voltage detecting component u is set to a rated voltage of 33V, and the upper limit of the operating voltage of the in-vehicle electronic device is 2〇v. . The relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage of the overvoltage breaking device of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 4(A). When the input voltage is lower than the rated voltage (33V in this embodiment), the overvoltage is broken. Device i will output a voltage similar to the input to provide back-end in-vehicle electronics for use. If the voltage of the input terminal is too high, the voltage detecting component 丄 detects that the input voltage exceeds the rated voltage value (preset 33V), then turns on, drives the first transistor 12 to ground, and indirectly drives the second battery. The crystal 13 is quickly turned off and immediately turned off, so that the voltage at the input terminal does not continue to flow to the output terminal to protect the in-vehicle electronic device at the back end. After the power is turned off, the in-vehicle electronic equipment on the back end cannot be used. M305497 * Further feasible only in the detailed example (see Figure 4 (B)), the overvoltage breaking device 1 can also be set to adjust the output voltage, when the voltage at the input terminal is less than the working electric house of the back-end in-vehicle electronic equipment The time limit (set to move), the output voltage of the output is equal to the input voltage. When the field input voltage is between the upper limit of the working voltage (2〇v) and the rated voltage value of the voltage detecting component 11 (33V), the output voltage will be adjusted to the upper limit of the working voltage (20V) for the back-end automotive electronics. use. If the voltage at the input end of the power supply exceeds the rated voltage value (33V), the voltage detecting component u in the overvoltage disconnecting device 1 is turned on, and the first transistor 12 and the second transistor 13 are driven to be turned off and immediately Power off to protect the back end of the electronic device. And the overvoltage breaking device i can quickly turn off when the voltage of the input terminal returns to the working voltage of the positive hanging (ie, less than 33v), and drive the second transistor 13 to turn on quickly. Make the output voltage: return to the normal working state, and will not affect the operation of the back-end in-vehicle electronic equipment. # By the overvoltage disconnection device 1 of this creation, when the voltage at the input terminal exceeds the rated voltage value (power-off voltage), the power can be quickly cut off, and the voltage output state is adjusted according to the voltage of the input terminal, so as to achieve the voltage exceeding the load. The purpose of automatic power-off protection of electronic equipment. However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. When it is not possible to limit the scope of the implementation of this creation, that is, the simple equivalent change and repair made by the author of the application and the content of the creation specification. ^, should still be within the scope of this creation patent. [Simple description of the diagram] 8 M305497 Figure 1 'Use of fuses as a schematic diagram of current protection, · Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit configuration of this creation; Figure 3 is the component of the created overvoltage breaking device Schematic diagram; Fig. 4A' is a voltage diagram of the power-off action of the present creation; Figure 4B is a voltage diagram of the upper limit of the working voltage of the creation. [Description of main component symbols] A · • fuse 1 · overvoltage circuit breaker 11 · • voltage detection component 12 · • first - transistor 13 · • second transistor 9