TWM301463U

TWM301463U - Switching power converter with transformer arrangement

Info

Publication number: TWM301463U
Application number: TW95208345U
Authority: TW
Inventors: Ta-Yung Yang
Original assignee: System General Corp
Priority date: 2006-05-16
Filing date: 2006-05-16
Publication date: 2006-11-21

Description

M301463 八、新型說明：【新型所屬之技術領域】本創作係有關於-種功率賴n，制是指—種切献功率轉換器。【先前技術】 @按現7功率轉換器已;^廣泛運用於提供調整電壓與電流，目前功率轉換 =研究焦點係放在如何讓神轉換器可更有效率的節省電源。切換式功率轉 Hit 控制單％一開關與—變壓器，其中控制單元運用於感測切換式功率轉換g之輸出電壓及/或輪出電流，且產生—控制减以控綱關之切換與=整切換式功率轉換器之輸出電壓及/或輸出電流。明參閱第® ’其為習知切換式功率轉換器之電路圖。如圖所示，習知切 ^力Γ換器包含有—變壓器1G，其包括有一一次側繞⑽、一二次側繞組之-端減-正供雜開關11，其連接一次側繞組Νρ之另一唑，、，〇 ,，M301463 VIII. New description: [New technology field] This creation department has a kind of power converter. [Prior Art] @下7Power Converter has been widely used to provide regulated voltage and current, current power conversion = research focus is on how to make God converters more efficient to save power. Switching power-to-Hit control single-% switch-transformer, wherein the control unit is used to sense the output voltage and/or the wheel-out current of the switched-mode power conversion g, and generate-control minus the switch of the control gate and the = The output voltage and/or output current of the switched power converter. See Section ’, which is a circuit diagram of a conventional switched power converter. As shown in the figure, the conventional power converter includes a transformer 1G including a primary side winding (10) and a secondary side winding - terminal subtracting - positive supply impurity switch 11, which is connected to the primary side winding Νρ Another azole, ,, 〇,,

'AUX'AUX

Vo +Vf = Nnsx^ 電執為-接地端；__^25—電阻12連接至—負供電軌，負供壓器ω與職場頂U，用_刪11以切換變其一端連接-紐I! 13 . —t =輸_及/_電流；二捕繞組Ns，侧繞組叫之另-端。當二:'14 ’其兩端分_接在整流器13與二次截止時，變壓 1G所:*通時，能量將儲存至變麵1G…旦開關11 器之輸出端，__===== 则奐式功率轉換 ⑴Vo +Vf = Nnsx^ Electric control is - grounding; __^25 - resistance 12 is connected to - negative supply rail, negative pressure supply ω and workplace top U, with _ delete 11 to switch to one end of the connection - New I! 13 . — t = loss _ and / _ current; two capture winding Ns, the side winding is called the other end. When two: '14' is connected at the two ends of the rectifier 13 and the second cut-off, the transformer 1G: when the current is passed, the energy will be stored to the output of the variable surface 1G... switch __=== == then 奂 power conversion (1)

Vaux == Nna x (2) dt 依據方程式（1)及c 反射笔壓VAUX可表示為如下· XT 丄NNA Vaux = ^x(V〇 + Vf) Λ7 Nna 6 (3) M3 01463 二中Ννα” Nns分別為輔助繞組凡與二次側繞組Ns之繞組區數’· ν〇為切換式功率轉換③之輪出電壓；Vf為整流器13之順向偏壓之壓降；❿為磁通量令 BxAe (Β為磁if量密度，&為變壓器1〇之轴心截面積）。控制單元25其叹置有一供應端VDD與一接地端gND，以用於接收電源；電壓偵測端vs，其輕接在一分壓電路的兩電阻I5、I6之間，分壓電路連接在變顧10之辅助繞組队與負供電執之間，電壓偵測端％產生一偵測電壓 Vdeti ’其可表示為如下：Vaux == Nna x (2) dt According to equations (1) and c, the reflected pen pressure VAUX can be expressed as follows: XT 丄NNA Vaux = ^x(V〇+ Vf) Λ7 Nna 6 (3) M3 01463 二中Ννα” Nns is the number of windings of the auxiliary winding and the secondary winding Ns respectively. · ν 〇 is the output voltage of the switching power conversion 3; Vf is the voltage drop of the forward bias of the rectifier 13; ❿ is the magnetic flux so that BxAe ( Β is the magnetic ion density, & is the axial cross-sectional area of the transformer 1 。. The control unit 25 has a supply terminal VDD and a ground terminal gND for receiving power; the voltage detection terminal vs. light Connected between two resistors I5 and I6 of a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage dividing circuit is connected between the auxiliary winding group and the negative power supply, and the voltage detecting end generates a detecting voltage Vdeti ' Expressed as follows:

Vdeti =Vdeti =

Rl6 R^r^xVaux (4)Rl6 R^r^xVaux (4)

刀別為電阻15與電阻16之電阻值。反射電壓V；UJX更經由一二極體18對-供應電容17充電，以供應電源至控制單元^。供雪I述^電阻12，翻於作為—電流感測裝置，電阻12連接在關11盘負 :=、= 換變細0之一切㈣ —電肌感秦VI係連接電阻12，以用於_電流訊號％，控制單元之 =出端VG產生-切換訊號VpwM以切換變壓器1G。雖然制之切換私換益可以_輸出電壓及輸出糕，但是其具钱個器10之漏電成導致^至、化“丄从p 昂個缺點疋變屋致间功率樣，此外由於漏電感會儲存能量而形成高有1緩======，轉_ 了保護開_係設吩/、匕3有綾衝一極體19、一緩衝電容2〇盥一習用神轉換11在輕貞倾無純之狀態下缺少調整性。 25 ^勤_器1G的_繞組仏供應電源至控制單元換器之輸出負_於輔助繞組Να之負載時， ^丄右切換式功率轉由二極體18與輔助繞組Να釋放至供應電容17，如° ==能細堇能經 13將爾她嫌咖物繼㈣===編 Να回授至㈣單元25，所狀V無法補助繞組生之债測雷慝v扁“ ㈣之^下，電壓偵測端VS所產之细ν咖僅與供應端VDD之電財關，_f狀切赋功率轉= 7 M301463 ^器缺乏調整性。另一習知技術係由楊先生等人所提出之美國專利第6,853,563號的“一次側控制之返驰式功率轉換器（primary-side c〇ntr〇Ued flyback p〇wer c〇nverter) ”，此習知技術之一主要缺點為電磁干擾（Electric and Magnetic Interference，EMI)，其產生之原因是開關之汲極直接連接至正供電執，所以開關之一寄生電容與一寄生電感相耦接，因而形成一高頻共振槽，如此將會產生較高之電磁干擾。因此，本創作提出一種切換式功率轉換器，其具有高效能以及低電磁干擾之特性。此外，本創作之切換式功率轉換器可於輕負載與無負載之狀態下精確地 I調整輸出電壓。【新型内容】本創作之主要目的，在於提供一種切換式功率轉換器，其包含一變壓器，變壓器設置有第一一次側繞組與第二一次側繞組，第一一次側繞組與第二一次側繞組之間設有開關，如此可提升切換式功率轉換器之效能與降低電磁干擾。本創作之另一目的，在於提供一種切換式功率轉換器，其變壓器之漏電感可讓供應電谷之電壓高於變壓器之二次侧繞組所反射的電壓，使得切換式功率轉換器之輸出電壓可經由變壓器之第二一次側繞組回授至控制電路，如此可增 I進切換式功率轉換器在輕負載與無負載之狀態下的負載調整性。本創作之又一目的，在於提供一種切換式功率轉換器，其變壓器設有輔助、、堯組可對供應電容進行充電，如此提供第二電源至控制電路，進而確保控制電路在有錯誤之情形下可正常運作。本創作切換式功率轉換器，其包含有一變壓器，變壓器設置有一第一一次側繞組以及一第二一次側繞組，兩繞組分別耦接一正供電執與一負供電軌；一開關，其連接於第—次側繞組與第二一次側繞組之間，用於切換變壓器；一電流感測裝置，其耦接開關與第二一次側繞組，用於依據變壓器之一切換電流產生一電流訊號；一控制電路，其耦接開關與變壓器之第二一次側繞組，以依據電流訊號產生一切換訊號，切換訊號用於切換開關與調整切換式功率轉換器 8 M301463 -之輸出…供應電容’其連接控制電路以供應電源至控制電路；—二極體，其耦接負供電軌與供應電容以對供應電容充電。其中，上述之第二一次側繞組具有-漏電感，其在開關導通時，儲存-儲存能量，且在開關截止時，經由二極體釋放儲存能量至供應電容。如此藉由上述之變壓器與關的設置方式，可增進切換式功率轉換ϋ之效能與降低電斜擾，且可增進切換式神轉換器在輕負載與無負載之狀態下的負載調整性。兹為使貴審查委員對本創作之結構特徵及所達成之功效更有進一步之瞭解與認識，謹佐以較佳之實施例圖及配合詳細之說明，說明如後： g 【實施方式】请參閱第一圖，係為本創作之一較佳實施例之切換式功率轉換器的電路圖。如圖所不，本創作之切換式功率轉換器包含有一變壓器3〇，用於儲存能量 •並從變壓器30之一一次侧轉移儲存能量至變壓器30之一二次側。其中，變壓 •器30之一-人側δ又置有一第次侧繞組NP1與一第二一次侧繞組νρ2，而變壓器30之二次側則設置有一二次側繞組Ns。第一一次側繞組Νρι與第二一次側繞組Να耦接切換式功率轉換器之供電軌，即一次側繞組Νρι耦接變壓器3〇之正供電軌ViN，而第二一次側繞組Np2則耦接變壓器3〇之負供電軌，亦即耦接至接地端。一開關35 ,其連接於第--次側繞組NP1與第二一次側繞組nP2之間， Φ用於切換變壓器3〇,其中開_ 35可為一功率電晶體或為一功率金屬氧化半導體 %效電晶體（Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor，MOSFET)。由於開關35連接於第一一次侧繞組NP1與第二一次側繞組nP2之間，因此可消除寄生裝置所引起之高頻共振槽，進而降低電磁干擾。一電流感測裝置，例如圖式之一電流感測電阻37，其兩端分別連接開關35 與第二一次側繞組Np2，以依據變壓器3〇之切換電流匕產生一電流訊號Vcs。為了調整切換式功率轉換器之一輸出電壓V〇，一控制電路1〇〇耦接開關35與全壓器30之弟二一次側繞組Να，以產生一切換訊號vPWM，其用於切換開關35 與調整切換式功率轉換器之輸出電壓v〇。一供應電容7〇，其連接控制電路1〇〇，以供應電源至控制電路1 〇〇，供應電容7〇與變屋器3〇之負供電軌之間設有一第 9 M301463 一二極體60。一缓衝電路45，其耦接於第--次側繞組NP1與正供電軌Vin之間，緩衝電路45包含有一緩衝二極體4〇、一緩衝電容41與一緩衝電阻似。缓衝二極體4〇之-端搞接第--次側繞組NP1與開關35，緩衝電容41搞接於緩衝二極體4〇之另-端與正供電軌Vw之間，而緩衝電阻42則與麟電容41並聯。一分壓電路5〇，其減於第二-次側繞組Να與負供電軌之間，分壓電路5〇包含有電阻 52 55 :阻52 #禺接於控制電路1〇〇與負供電執之間，而電阻％則輕接於電 ^ Γ與弟=次，組Np2之間。一整流器80，其一端相接二次側繞組仏之二二端f皮電谷9〇之兩端係分別輕接於二次側繞組&之另一端與整流器第=第式辨_之觸賴。如圖所示，之幾何構造因素，導致變分別有漏電感^h。由於變壓器之其他繞組，漏電减L、I w人錢組的儲存能量不能完全轉移至變壓器時，切換電流Ip將流入 1變壓=中示，能量無法完全被轉移。當開關料通中，，而當開關35截止時:變朗3月了即儲存至變壓器30與漏電感Ln、Ll2 Ns，同時漏電感L„、Li2所儲存之儲^存之儲存能量會釋放至二次側繞組時，則會產生一電壓突波，1 此里^在迴路内循環傳遞，若迴路被阻擋 V.Lx^l · dt ⑸ 基於上述原因，緩衝電路45 產生一高電壓突— 錢感Ln之齡能量，以避免兒！大，皮而保護開關％。可表示為如下·· 電路45之緩衝電阻42所消耗之功率Pr PR = __1 τ (6) 吻為緩衝電阻42之兩端電壓；Li為漏電 r42 LlxIp xfsw ”中，心2為緩衝電阻42之電阻值 M301463 感Ln之電感值；fsw為開關35之切換頻率。由上述之方程式（6)可知，降低變壓器3〇之漏電感之電感值將提升切換式功率轉換器之效能，然而為了符合安全條件，變壓器3〇之繞組總是會產生」顯著的漏電感值，因此降低漏電感值之簡易方法即減少繞組之繞組匝數。電感值與繞組匝數之關係如下列方程式所示：〜其中，L為電感值；μ為轴心導磁係數；u為磁路長度；N為繞組隨；尨為變壓器30之軸心截面積。 • 本創作之變壓器30的-次側繞組切割為第一一次側繞組Νρι與第二一次側繞組％係可以減少繞組隨，如此即可降低第—摘繞組Νρι之漏電感值，以提高切換式功率轉換器之效能。此外，一旦開關％截止時，漏電感h之儲存能量將透過第一二極體60釋放至供應電容7〇，所以儲存於漏電感h之儲存能量將供應至控制電路100作為供應電源，供應電容7〇所產生之電壓I可表示為如下： &The knife is the resistance of the resistor 15 and the resistor 16. The reflected voltage V; UJX charges the supply capacitor 17 via a diode 18 to supply power to the control unit. Snow supply I said ^ resistance 12, turned over as a - current sensing device, the resistor 12 is connected to the off 11 disk negative: =, = change the fine 0 (4) - electric muscle sense Qin VI series connection resistance 12 for _ current signal %, control unit = output VG generates - switching signal VpwM to switch transformer 1G. Although the switching of the private exchange can be _ output voltage and output cake, but its leakage of electricity into the device 10 leads to ^ to, "from p 昂昂昂昂昂昂昂昂昂昂昂昂屋功率功率功率功率功率 , , , , , Store energy and form a high = 1 = = = = = =, turn _ protection open _ system set pheno /, 匕 3 has a smashing a polar body 19, a buffer capacitor 2 〇盥 a habit of God conversion 11 in scorn Lack of adjustability in the state of no pureness. 25 ^ _ _ 1G _ winding 仏 supply power supply to the control unit converter output negative _ when the auxiliary winding Ν α load, ^ 丄 right switching power transfer from the diode 18 and the auxiliary winding Να released to the supply capacitor 17, such as ° == can be finely tuned by 13 will be her ridiculous coffee (4) === compilation Ν α back to (4) unit 25, the shape of V can not subsidize the winding bond Measure the Thunder v flat "(4) ^, the voltage detection terminal VS produced by the fine ν coffee only with the supply terminal VDD power off, _f-like cut power transfer = 7 M301463 ^ device lacks adjustability. Another conventional technique is "primary-side c〇ntr〇Ued flyback p〇wer c〇nverter", which is proposed by U.S. Patent No. 6,853,563. One of the main disadvantages of this prior art is Electro and Magnetic Interference (EMI), which is caused by the fact that the drain of the switch is directly connected to the positive power supply, so that one of the parasitic capacitances of the switch is coupled to a parasitic inductance. Thus, a high frequency resonant tank is formed, which will result in higher electromagnetic interference. Therefore, the present application proposes a switched power converter having high performance and low electromagnetic interference characteristics. In addition, the created switching power converter accurately adjusts the output voltage under light load and no load conditions. [New content] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a switching power converter comprising a transformer, the transformer being provided with a first primary winding and a second primary winding, a first primary winding and a second A switch is provided between the primary windings to improve the performance of the switching power converter and reduce electromagnetic interference. Another object of the present invention is to provide a switched power converter in which the leakage inductance of the transformer allows the voltage of the supply valley to be higher than the voltage reflected by the secondary winding of the transformer, so that the output voltage of the switching power converter It can be fed back to the control circuit via the second primary winding of the transformer, which can increase the load regulation of the switched power converter under light load and no load. Another object of the present invention is to provide a switching power converter, the transformer is provided with an auxiliary, and the group can charge the supply capacitor, so that the second power is supplied to the control circuit, thereby ensuring that the control circuit is in an error situation. It works normally. The present invention relates to a switching power converter comprising a transformer, the transformer being provided with a first primary side winding and a second primary side winding, the two windings being respectively coupled to a positive power supply and a negative supply rail; Connected between the first-side winding and the second primary winding for switching the transformer; a current sensing device coupled to the switch and the second primary winding for generating a current according to one of the transformers a current signal; a control circuit coupled to the second primary winding of the switch and the transformer to generate a switching signal according to the current signal, and the switching signal is used for switching the switch and adjusting the output of the switching power converter 8 M301463 - supply The capacitor 'connects the control circuit to supply power to the control circuit; the diode is coupled to the negative supply rail and the supply capacitor to charge the supply capacitor. Wherein, the second primary winding has a leakage inductance, which stores and stores energy when the switch is turned on, and releases stored energy to the supply capacitor via the diode when the switch is turned off. Thus, by the above-mentioned transformer and off setting method, the performance of the switching power conversion 与 can be increased and the electric slanting can be reduced, and the load adjustability of the switching type converter in the state of light load and no load can be improved. In order to give your review board members a better understanding and understanding of the structural features and the efficacies achieved, please refer to the preferred embodiment and the detailed description to illustrate: g [Implementation] Please refer to One figure is a circuit diagram of a switching power converter of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the switched power converter of the present invention includes a transformer 3 for storing energy and transferring stored energy from one of the primary sides of the transformer 30 to one of the secondary sides of the transformer 30. Wherein, one of the transformers 30 - the human side δ is further provided with a first side winding NP1 and a second primary side winding νρ2, and a secondary side of the transformer 30 is provided with a secondary side winding Ns. The first primary winding Νρι is coupled to the second primary winding Να to the power supply rail of the switching power converter, that is, the primary winding Νρι is coupled to the positive power supply rail ViN of the transformer 3〇, and the second primary winding Np2 Then, the negative power supply rail of the transformer 3〇 is coupled, that is, coupled to the ground. a switch 35 is connected between the first-side winding NP1 and the second primary winding nP2, and Φ is used for switching the transformer 3〇, wherein the opening _35 can be a power transistor or a power metal oxide semiconductor Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Since the switch 35 is connected between the first primary side winding NP1 and the second primary side winding nP2, the high frequency resonance groove caused by the parasitic device can be eliminated, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference. A current sensing device, such as one of the current sensing resistors 37, is connected to the switch 35 and the second primary winding Np2 at both ends to generate a current signal Vcs according to the switching current of the transformer 3. In order to adjust the output voltage V〇 of one of the switching power converters, a control circuit 1〇〇 is coupled to the second primary winding Να of the switch 35 and the full voltage device 30 to generate a switching signal vPWM, which is used for switching 35 and adjust the output voltage v〇 of the switching power converter. A supply capacitor 7〇 is connected to the control circuit 1〇〇 to supply power to the control circuit 1 , and a 9th M301463-dipole 60 is disposed between the supply capacitor 7〇 and the negative supply rail of the transformer 3〇 . A buffer circuit 45 is coupled between the first-side winding NP1 and the positive power supply rail Vin. The buffer circuit 45 includes a buffer diode 4, and a buffer capacitor 41 is similar to a buffer resistor. The buffer diode 42 is connected to the first-side winding NP1 and the switch 35, and the snubber capacitor 41 is connected between the other end of the buffer diode 4 and the positive supply rail Vw, and the snubber resistor 42 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 41. a voltage dividing circuit 5 〇 is reduced between the second-second winding Να and the negative power supply rail, and the voltage dividing circuit 5 〇 includes a resistor 52 55 : the resistor 52 is connected to the control circuit 1 〇〇 and negative Between the power supply, and the resistance% is lightly connected between the electric ^ Γ and the younger = times, between the groups Np2. A rectifier 80, one end of which is connected to the second-side winding 仏, the two ends of the second-side winding, and the two ends of the second-side winding, respectively, are lightly connected to the other side of the secondary winding & Lai. As shown in the figure, the geometrical construction factors result in a leakage inductance ^h. Due to the other windings of the transformer, the leakage energy is reduced, and the stored energy of the I w group cannot be completely transferred to the transformer. The switching current Ip will flow into the 1 transformer = medium, and the energy cannot be completely transferred. When the switch material is turned on, and when the switch 35 is turned off: it is stored in the transformer 30 and the leakage inductance Ln, Ll2 Ns in March, and the storage energy stored in the leakage inductance L„, Li2 is released. When the winding is turned to the secondary side, a voltage surge is generated, and the loop is transmitted in the loop. If the loop is blocked, V.Lx^l · dt (5). Based on the above reasons, the buffer circuit 45 generates a high voltage burst. Money senses the energy of Ln age, to avoid the child! Large, skin and protect the switch %. It can be expressed as follows: · The power consumed by the snubber resistor 42 of the circuit 45 Pr PR = __1 τ (6) The kiss is the two of the snubber resistor 42 The terminal voltage; Li is the leakage current r42 LlxIp xfsw ”, the core 2 is the resistance value of the snubber resistor 42 M301463 Sense Ln; fsw is the switching frequency of the switch 35. It can be known from equation (6) above that reducing the inductance of the leakage inductance of the transformer 3 将 will improve the performance of the switching power converter. However, in order to meet the safety conditions, the winding of the transformer 3 总是 always produces a significant leakage inductance value. Therefore, an easy way to reduce the leakage inductance value is to reduce the winding turns of the winding. The relationship between the inductance value and the number of winding turns is as shown in the following equation: ~ where L is the inductance value; μ is the axial magnetic permeability; u is the magnetic path length; N is the winding; 尨 is the axial cross-sectional area of the transformer 30 . • The secondary side winding of the transformer 30 of this creation is cut into the first primary winding Νρι and the second primary winding 5%, and the winding can be reduced, so that the leakage inductance of the first winding can be reduced to improve The performance of a switched power converter. In addition, once the switch % is turned off, the stored energy of the leakage inductance h will be released to the supply capacitor 7〇 through the first diode 60, so the stored energy stored in the leakage inductance h will be supplied to the control circuit 100 as a supply source, and the supply capacitor The voltage I generated by 7〇 can be expressed as follows: &

NnP2NnP2

Vdd==[n^x(Vo + Vf)] +Vli2 (8) 其中，Ν·與Nns分別為變壓器3〇之第二—次側繞組&與二次侧繞組Ns之繞組E數广2為漏電，lI2所產生之電壓’其如下列方程式，标而求得：攀 -xC7〇xVu22 =^-xLi2xIp2 (9)Vdd==[n^x(Vo + Vf)] +Vli2 (8) where Ν· and Nns are respectively the second-to-second winding of the transformer 3〇 and the number of windings E of the secondary winding Ns is 2 For leakage, the voltage generated by lI2 is obtained by the following equation: Climbing-xC7〇xVu22 =^-xLi2xIp2 (9)

Vm 香 h (10) 其中，Qc為供應電容70之電容值；LIZ為漏電感Li2之電感值。因為漏電感Le所產生之電壓讓供應電容7〇之電壓I高於變壓哭％之二次侧敝NS所反射之領，因此_ 35截止時，整流㈣將被開啟，所以切換式功率轉換器之輸出電SV0可經由第二_次側繞組知提供至控制電路 100 ’如此恰當的棚第二-次側繞組Np2之漏電感h，將可提高切換式功率轉換器在輕負载與無負載之狀態下的負載調整性。 11 M3 01463 明參閱第四圖，係為本創作之一較佳實施例之控制電路的電路圖。如圖所不，本創作之控制電路1〇〇包含有一供應端VDD與一接地端gnd，並且並聯連接供應電容70以接收電源。供應端VDD更連接第一二極體6〇，而接地端㈣更連接第二-次織組NP2。_籠侧端vs，其經由分壓電路5_接第二一次側繞組Np2，以用於從變壓器，之第二一次側繞組％_一侧電壓¥·， 4貞測電壓VDET2可表示為如下·· VDET2 = R52 R52 + R55 X VNP2 (11) 其中，R52與R55分別為電阻52、55之電阻值；V赠為第二一次側繞組.之電壓。山電/瓜感測端VI ’其搞接電流感測電阻37，用於接收電流訊号虎％〇一輸出端VG ’其減-正反器16〇之一輸出端，用於產生切換訊號％觀以透過開關35切換欠壓為30。-振i器15〇 ’其產生一職性脈波訊號，用於啟動切換訊號VPWM。-比較器125，其用於關閉切換訊號V觸，比較器25之一負輸入端係連接電流感測端VI，用以接收電流訊號Vcs，而比較器125之一正輸入端則連ΐ 一誤ί放f11 m之—輪出端，用以接收—回授訊號〜。 1% *一電臟VeS授職VFB時’城訊號¥醜將減止。比較器 ’ Ά出端連接正反器160之一重置端，用以產生一重置訊號Vrst並傳送反器j6G之重置端’以截止切換訊號。誤魏大器其用於產生回授訊 jFB ’誤差放大器120之-正輸入端接收一參考電壓Vr，誤差放大器12〇之Vm scent h (10) where Qc is the capacitance value of the supply capacitor 70; LIZ is the inductance value of the leakage inductance Li2. Because the voltage generated by the leakage inductance Le causes the voltage I of the supply capacitor 7〇 to be higher than the reflection of the secondary side 敝NS of the variable pressure crying %, when the _ 35 is turned off, the rectification (4) will be turned on, so the switching power conversion The output power SV0 of the device can be supplied to the control circuit 100 by the second-stage winding, so that the leakage inductance h of the second-second winding Np2 of the shed can be improved, and the switching power converter can be improved in light load and no load. Load adjustability in the state. 11 M3 01463 Referring to the fourth figure, it is a circuit diagram of a control circuit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the control circuit 1 of the present invention includes a supply terminal VDD and a ground terminal gnd, and the supply capacitor 70 is connected in parallel to receive the power. The supply terminal VDD is further connected to the first diode 6〇, and the ground terminal (4) is further connected to the second-second weave group NP2. The side end of the cage vs. is connected to the second primary side winding Np2 via the voltage dividing circuit 5_ for the second primary winding of the transformer, the voltage of the second side winding, the voltage VDET2 It is expressed as follows: VDET2 = R52 R52 + R55 X VNP2 (11) where R52 and R55 are the resistance values of the resistors 52 and 55, respectively, and V is the voltage of the second primary winding. Yamagata / melon sensing terminal VI 'which is connected to the current sensing resistor 37 for receiving the current signal tiger % 〇 an output VG 'its minus one of the positive and negative 16 输出 output for generating switching signals The % view switches the undervoltage to 30 through the switch 35. - The oscillator 15 〇 ' generates a job pulse signal for starting the switching signal VPWM. a comparator 125 for turning off the switching signal V-touch. One of the negative inputs of the comparator 25 is connected to the current sensing terminal VI for receiving the current signal Vcs, and one of the comparators 125 is connected to the positive input terminal. Falsely put the f11 m - the round end, used to receive - feedback signal ~. 1% *When the electric dirty VeS is assigned to VFB, the city signal ¥ ug will be reduced. The comparator's output terminal is connected to one of the reset terminals of the flip-flop 160 for generating a reset signal Vrst and transmitting the reset terminal of the counter j6G to turn off the switching signal. The error amplifier is used to generate the feedback signal. The positive input terminal receives a reference voltage Vr, and the error amplifier 12

St入端則連接—取樣保留電路UG之-輸出端，以接收-取樣訊號Vs，用以、类、臟I。取樣保留電路U〇，其一輸入端雛電壓侧端VS，用錢^壓? 50從變壓器3G偵測該偵測電壓v_，以產生取樣訊號％。人側、％組Np2之電壓VNp2與二次側繞組NS之電壓（V〇+VF)之間關係，可表示為如下：依據方程式（11)與（12)’輸出電壓V。可表示為如下： 12 (12) M301463The St input is connected to the output of the sample retention circuit UG to receive the sampled signal Vs for class, dirty I. The sampling and holding circuit U〇, an input terminal of the voltage side VS, detects the detected voltage v_ from the transformer 3G by using a voltage control 50 to generate a sampling signal %. The relationship between the voltage VNp2 of the human side, the % group Np2, and the voltage of the secondary winding NS (V〇+VF) can be expressed as follows: The voltage V is output according to equations (11) and (12)'. Can be expressed as follows: 12 (12) M301463

Vo =( R52 + R55 Nns R52 NNP2 :VdeT2) — Vf (13) 由方程式（13)可得知，切換式功率轉換器之輸出電壓V〇係可被調整。請參閱第五圖，係為本創作之另一較佳實施例之切換式功率轉換器之電路圖。如圖所示，本創作之變壓器39更包含一輔助繞組Na2,變壓器39之輔助繞組Na2係連接第二一次側繞組NP2，且輔助繞組Na2更經由一第二二極體65連接供應電容70。控制電路100之接地端GND則連接第二一次側繞組NP2與輔助繞組Na2，而供應端VDD連接供應電容7〇、第一二極體60與第二二極體65。由於當開關35截止時，第二一次側繞組Np2將供應電源至控制電路1〇〇，所以鲁供應電容70所產生之電壓vDD係與切換式功率轉換器之輸出電壓v〇有關，若切換式功率轉換器在過電流及/或短路之情況下產生輸出電壓乂〇，第二一次側繞組Nj>2之電壓VNP2將會太低而無法供應足夠電源至控制電路1〇〇。因此本創作係 •增設輔助繞組4，當開關35導通時，輔助繞組Nm將對供應電容70充電，所以輔助、’π組Na2可提供-第二電源以供應電源至控制電路1〇〇，其係確保控制電路100可於故障狀態下正常運作。、、’丁上所it本創作之憂壓m置方式可降低漏電感之電感值，此外漏電感 ^儲存之儲存％i可用於供應電源至控制電路，如此可達到較佳之效能以及可、進切換式神轉換$_貞載與無貞餘態下之貞綱紐關設置錢麵之兩_餘之間，_可降傾針擾。利法具有新馳、進步性及可供產業上利用者，應符合我國專依法提出新式樣專利申請，祈釣局早曰賜准專利，、述者僅為本創作—較佳實施例而已，並非用來限定本創作實施故舉凡依本創料請專利範騎述之形狀、構造、特徵及精神所為之均專全化與修飾，均應包括於摘作之巾請專繼圍内。 13 M301463 【圖式簡單說明】第一圖係習知切換式功率轉換器的電路圖；第二圖係本創作之一較佳實施例之切換式功率轉換器的電路圖；第三圖係第二圖之切換式功率轉換器的等效電路圖；第四圖係本創作之一較佳實施例之控制電路的電路圖；以及第五圖係本創作之另一較佳實施例之切換式功率轉換器之電路圖。【主要元件符號說明】Vo = ( R52 + R55 Nns R52 NNP2 : VdeT2) — Vf (13) From equation (13), the output voltage V〇 of the switched power converter can be adjusted. Please refer to the fifth figure, which is a circuit diagram of a switching power converter according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the transformer 39 of the present invention further includes an auxiliary winding Na2, the auxiliary winding Na2 of the transformer 39 is connected to the second primary winding NP2, and the auxiliary winding Na2 is further connected to the supply capacitor 70 via a second diode 65. . The ground terminal GND of the control circuit 100 is connected to the second primary winding NP2 and the auxiliary winding Na2, and the supply terminal VDD is connected to the supply capacitor 7A, the first diode 60 and the second diode 65. Since the second primary winding Np2 supplies power to the control circuit 1 when the switch 35 is turned off, the voltage vDD generated by the Lu supply capacitor 70 is related to the output voltage v〇 of the switching power converter. The power converter generates an output voltage 在 under an overcurrent and/or a short circuit, and the voltage VNP2 of the second primary winding Nj>2 will be too low to supply sufficient power to the control circuit 1〇〇. Therefore, the creation system adds an auxiliary winding 4, when the switch 35 is turned on, the auxiliary winding Nm will charge the supply capacitor 70, so the auxiliary, 'π group Na2 can provide a second power supply to supply power to the control circuit 1〇〇, It is ensured that the control circuit 100 can operate normally in a fault state. , 'Ding Shangsuo's creation of the worry pressure m setting method can reduce the inductance value of the leakage inductance, in addition, the leakage inductance ^ storage storage %i can be used to supply power to the control circuit, so that better performance and can be achieved Switching God converts $_贞 load and 贞贞下下设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置设置。。。 If Lifa has new, progressive and industrially available users, it should comply with the lawful application of new style patents in China. The Prayer Bureau will grant patents as early as possible, and the description is only the original creation—the preferred embodiment. It is not intended to limit the implementation of this creation. All the specializations and modifications of the shape, structure, characteristics and spirit of the patent Fan Xia, according to the creation of the material, should be included in the exquisite towel. 13 M301463 [Simplified description of the drawings] The first figure is a circuit diagram of a conventional switching power converter; the second figure is a circuit diagram of a switching power converter of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; An equivalent circuit diagram of a switching power converter; a fourth diagram is a circuit diagram of a control circuit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and a fifth diagram is a switching power converter of another preferred embodiment of the present invention Circuit diagram. [Main component symbol description]

10 變壓器 11 開關 12 電阻 13 整流器 14 濾波電容 15 電阻 16 電阻 17 供應電容 18 二極體 19 缓衝二極體 20 緩衝電容 21 緩衝電阻 25 控制單元 30 變壓器 35 開關 37 電流感測電阻 39 變壓器 40 緩衝二極體 41 緩衝電容 42 緩衝電阻 14 M30146310 Transformer 11 Switch 12 Resistor 13 Rectifier 14 Filter Capacitor 15 Resistor 16 Resistor 17 Supply Capacitor 18 Diode 19 Buffer Diode 20 Buffer Capacitor 21 Buffer Resistor 25 Control Unit 30 Transformer 35 Switch 37 Current Sense Resistor 39 Transformer 40 Buffer Diode 41 snubber capacitor 42 snubber resistor 14 M301463

45 緩衝電路 50 分壓電路 52 電阻 55 電阻 60 第一二極體 65 第二二極體 70 供應電容 80 整流為 90 渡波電容 100 控制電路 110 取樣保留電路 120 誤差放大器 125 比較器 150 振盪器 160 正反器 GND 接地端 Ip 切換電流 Ln 漏電感 Ll2 漏電感 Na 輔助繞組 Na2 輔助繞組 Np 一次側繞組 Npl 第一一次側繞組 Np2 第二一次側繞組 Ns 二次側繞組 Vaux 反射電壓 Vcs 電流訊號 Vdeti 偵測電壓 15 M301463 V〇ET2 偵測電壓 Vfb 回授電壓 VIN 正供電執 VnP2 電壓 V〇輸出電壓 VpwM 切換訊號 VR 參考電壓 Vrst 重置訊號 Vs 取樣訊號 VDD 供應端 VG 輸出端 VI 電流感測端 VS 電壓偵測端 1645 snubber circuit 50 voltage divider circuit 52 resistor 55 resistor 60 first diode 65 second diode 70 supply capacitor 80 rectified to 90 wave capacitor 100 control circuit 110 sample reservation circuit 120 error amplifier 125 comparator 150 oscillator 160 Positive and negative GND Ground terminal Ip Switching current Ln Leakage inductance Ll2 Leakage inductance Na Auxiliary winding Na2 Auxiliary winding Np Primary side winding Npl First primary side winding Np2 Second primary side winding Ns Secondary side winding Vaux Reflection voltage Vcs Current signal Vdeti detection voltage 15 M301463 V〇ET2 detection voltage Vfb feedback voltage VIN positive power supply VnP2 voltage V〇 output voltage VpwM switching signal VR reference voltage Vrst reset signal Vs sampling signal VDD supply terminal VG output terminal VI current sensing terminal VS voltage detection terminal 16

Claims

M301463 九、申請專利範圍： 1· 一種切換式功率轉換器，其包含有：一變壓器，從該變壓器之—次側轉移能量至該變壓器之一二次侧，該變壓器設有一第一一次側繞組與一第二一次側繞組，該第一一次側繞組與該第二一次側繞組分別耦接一正供電軌與一負供電執；開關，連接於該第—次側繞組與該第二一次側繞組之間，用於切換該變壓器；控制電路’麵接該開關與該第二一次側繞組，產生一切換訊號，用於切換該開關與調整該切換式功率轉換器之輸出；一供應電谷’連接該控制電路，供應電源至該控制電路；及一二極體，耦接該負供電軌與該供應電容對該供應電容充電。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之切換式功率轉換器，更包含有一電流感測裝置’其連接在該開關與該第二一次側繞組之間，該電流感裝置依據該變壓器之一切換電流產生一電流訊號，該控制電路接收該電流訊號產生該切換訊號。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該第二一次側繞組具有-漏電感’當該開關導通時該漏電感儲存一儲存能量，該開關截止時，該漏電感釋放該儲存能量至該供應電容。 4·如巾請專繼圍第1項所述之城式功率轉換器，其巾該控制電路更包含有：一供應端，連接該供應電容與該二極體； -接地端’連接該供應電容而接收電源、，且該接地端連接該第二一次側繞組；一電壓偵測端，耦接該第二一次側繞組，偵測一電壓；、，電感測^，麵接该開關，接收一電流訊號；及，切換該開關而切換該 -輸出端，依據該電壓與該電流訊號產生該切換訊號變壓器。 5.如申請專利範圍第4項所述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該控制電路更包含 17 M301463 _ 有： -取樣保留電路，祕該電壓侧端，彳貞測該電壓，產生—取樣訊號； -誤差放大ι§ ’祕該取樣保留電路，接收該取樣城與—參考電壓，產生一回授訊號； -比較ϋ，減該誤差放大H與魏__，接倾誠城與該電流訊號，產生一重置訊號；一振盪器，產生一週期性脈波訊號；及一正反器’耦接該振盡器、該比較器與該輸出端，產生該切換訊號，該週期性脈波訊號與該重置訊號分別啟動與截止該切換訊號。鲁6. —種切換式功率轉換器，其包含有；一變壓菇，從該變壓器之^次側轉移能量至該變壓器之一二次側，該變壓器设有一第次側繞組、一第二一次側繞組與一辅助繞組，該第一一次 • 側繞組與該第二一次側繞組分別耦接一正供電執與一負供電軌，該辅助繞組耦接該第二一次侧繞組；開關，連接於忒苐一一次側繞組與該第二一次側繞組之間，用於切換該變壓器；一控制電路，耦接該開關與該第二一次侧繞組，產生一切換訊號，用於切換該開關與調整該切換式功率轉換器之輸出； _ 一供應電谷’連接該控制電路，供應電源至該控制電路；一第一二極體，耦接該負供電軌與該供應電容對該供應電容充電；以及一第二二極體，耦接該輔助繞組與該供應電容對該供應電容充電。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之切換式功率轉換器，更包含有一電流感測裝置，其連接在該開關與該第二一次侧繞組之間，該電流感裝置依據該變壓器之一切換電流產生一電流訊號，該控制電路接收該電流訊號產生該切換訊號。 8·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該第二一次側繞組具有一漏電感，當該開關導通時該漏電感儲存一儲存能量，該開關截止時，該漏電感釋放該儲存能量至該供應電容。 18 M301463 9·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該控制電路更包含有：一供應端，連接該供應電容、該第一二極體與該第二二極體；一接地端，連接該供應電容而接收電源，且該接地端連接該第二一次側繞組與該輔助繞組；一電壓偵測端，耦接該第二一次側繞組，摘測一電壓；一電流感測端，耦接該開關，接收一電流訊號；及一輸出鈿，依據該電壓與該電流訊號產生該切換訊號，切換該開關而切換該變壓器。鲁10·如申明專利範圍第9項所述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該控制電路更包含有：一取樣保留電路，耦接該電壓偵測端，偵測該電壓，產生一取樣訊號； * 一誤差放大器，耦接該取樣保留電路，接收該取樣訊號與一參考電壓，產生一回授訊號；比車乂器，麵接该誤差放大器與該電流感測端，接收該回授訊號與該電流訊號，產生一重置訊號；一振盪器’產生一週期性脈波訊號；及 -正反該振魅、該比較器無輸出端，產生該切換織，該週期 ® 性脈波訊號與該重置訊號分別啟動與截止該切換訊號。 11· 一種切換式功率轉換器，其包含有：一=壓，，設置一第一一次側繞組與一第二一次側繞組，該第一一次側繞組與該第二一次側繞組耦接該切換式功率轉換器之一供電軌；開關，連接於該第—次側繞組與該第二一次側繞組之間，用於切換該變壓器；控制電路，耦接該開關與該變壓器，產生一切換訊號，用於切換該開關與調整該切換式功率轉換器之輸出； /、么、應電各’連接該控制電路；以及一極體，耦接該變壓器與該供應電容對該供應電容充電。 19 M301463 12. 如申請專利範圍第η項所述之切換式功率轉換器，更包含有一電流感測裝置，其連接在該開關，該電流感裝置依據該變壓器之一切換電流產生一電流訊號，該控制電路接收該電流訊號產生該切換訊號。 13. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該變壓器具有至少一漏電感，當該開關導通時該漏電感儲存一儲存能量，該開關截止時，該漏電感釋放該儲存能量至該供應電容。 14. 如申請專利範圍f 11柄述之切換式功率轉換器，其中該控制電路更包含有：一供應端，連接該供應電容與該二極體；M301463 IX. Patent application scope: 1. A switching power converter, comprising: a transformer, transferring energy from a secondary side of the transformer to a secondary side of the transformer, the transformer being provided with a first primary side a winding and a second primary winding, the first primary winding and the second primary winding are respectively coupled to a positive power supply rail and a negative power supply; a switch connected to the first secondary winding and the The second primary winding is used to switch the transformer; the control circuit is connected to the switch and the second primary winding, and generates a switching signal for switching the switch and adjusting the switching power converter. An output power supply valley is connected to the control circuit to supply power to the control circuit; and a diode coupled to the negative power supply rail and the supply capacitor to charge the supply capacitor. 2. The switching power converter of claim 1, further comprising a current sensing device connected between the switch and the second primary winding, the current sensing device being according to the transformer A switching current generates a current signal, and the control circuit receives the current signal to generate the switching signal. 3. The switching power converter of claim 1, wherein the second primary winding has a -drain inductance, the leakage inductance stores a stored energy when the switch is turned on, and when the switch is turned off, the switch The leakage inductance releases the stored energy to the supply capacitor. 4. For the towel, please follow the urban power converter described in Item 1. The control circuit further includes: a supply end connecting the supply capacitor and the diode; - a ground terminal 'connecting the supply The capacitor receives the power, and the ground is connected to the second primary winding; a voltage detecting end is coupled to the second primary winding to detect a voltage; and, the inductance is measured, and the switch is connected Receiving a current signal; and switching the switch to switch the output terminal, and generating the switching signal transformer according to the voltage and the current signal. 5. The switching power converter of claim 4, wherein the control circuit further comprises 17 M301463 _ having: - a sample retention circuit, the voltage side terminal, detecting the voltage, generating a - sampling signal ; - Error amplification ι§ 'The secret sampling circuit, receiving the sampling city and - reference voltage, generate a feedback signal; - Compare ϋ, reduce the error to amplify H and Wei __, connect the city and the current signal Generating a reset signal; an oscillator generating a periodic pulse signal; and a flip-flop 'coupled to the vibrator, the comparator and the output to generate the switching signal, the periodic pulse The signal and the reset signal respectively activate and deactivate the switching signal. Lu 6. A switching power converter, comprising: a transformer mushroom, transferring energy from the secondary side of the transformer to a secondary side of the transformer, the transformer is provided with a first side winding, a second a primary winding and an auxiliary winding, the first primary winding and the second primary winding are coupled to a positive power supply and a negative power supply rail, and the auxiliary winding is coupled to the second primary winding a switch connected between the first primary winding and the second primary winding for switching the transformer; a control circuit coupled to the switch and the second primary winding to generate a switching signal For switching the switch and adjusting the output of the switched power converter; _ a supply valley connects the control circuit to supply power to the control circuit; a first diode coupled to the negative supply rail and the The supply capacitor charges the supply capacitor; and a second diode coupled to the auxiliary winding and the supply capacitor to charge the supply capacitor. The switching power converter of claim 6, further comprising a current sensing device connected between the switch and the second primary winding, the current sensing device being according to the transformer A switching current generates a current signal, and the control circuit receives the current signal to generate the switching signal. 8. The switching power converter of claim 6, wherein the second primary winding has a leakage inductance, and the leakage inductance stores a stored energy when the switch is turned on, and when the switch is turned off, the switch The leakage inductance releases the stored energy to the supply capacitor. 18 M301463. The switching power converter of claim 6, wherein the control circuit further comprises: a supply end connecting the supply capacitor, the first diode and the second diode a ground terminal connected to the supply capacitor to receive power, and the ground terminal is connected to the second primary side winding and the auxiliary winding; a voltage detecting end coupled to the second primary side winding, and a voltage is extracted a current sensing end coupled to the switch to receive a current signal; and an output port, the switching signal is generated according to the voltage and the current signal, and the switch is switched to switch the transformer. The switching power converter of claim 9, wherein the control circuit further comprises: a sample retention circuit coupled to the voltage detection terminal to detect the voltage to generate a sampling signal; An error amplifier coupled to the sample retention circuit, receiving the sample signal and a reference voltage to generate a feedback signal; and comparing the driver to the error amplifier and the current sensing terminal to receive the feedback signal and The current signal generates a reset signal; an oscillator 'generates a periodic pulse signal; and - the positive and negative vibrations, the comparator has no output, and the switching fabric is generated, the period® pulse signal and The reset signal activates and deactivates the switching signal respectively. A switching power converter, comprising: a = voltage, is provided with a first primary side winding and a second primary side winding, the first primary side winding and the second primary side winding Coupling a power supply rail of the switching power converter; a switch connected between the first-side winding and the second primary winding for switching the transformer; a control circuit coupled to the switch and the transformer Generating a switching signal for switching the switch and adjusting an output of the switching power converter; /, ???, each of the power is connected to the control circuit; and a pole body coupled to the transformer and the supply capacitor Supply capacitor charging. 19 M301463 12. The switching power converter of claim n, further comprising a current sensing device connected to the switch, the current sensing device generating a current signal according to a switching current of the transformer, The control circuit receives the current signal to generate the switching signal. 13. The switching power converter of claim 11, wherein the transformer has at least one leakage inductance, and the leakage inductance stores a stored energy when the switch is turned on, and the leakage inductance releases the switch when the switch is turned off. Store energy to the supply capacitor. 14. The switching power converter of claim 11, wherein the control circuit further comprises: a supply end connecting the supply capacitor and the diode;

一接地端，連接該供應電容與該變壓器；一電壓偵測端，耦接該變壓器，偵測一電壓；切換該開關而切換該一電流感測端，耦接該開關，接收一電流訊號；及一輸出端，依據該電壓與該電流訊號產生該切換訊號變壓器。a grounding end is connected to the supply capacitor and the transformer; a voltage detecting end coupled to the transformer to detect a voltage; switching the switch to switch the current sensing end, coupling the switch, and receiving a current signal; And an output terminal, the switching signal transformer is generated according to the voltage and the current signal.

2020