TWM275408U - A cogging torque measuring device of permanent-magnet machines - Google Patents

Description

M275408 、創作說明（1) 新型所屬之，技術領域 永磁電機的轉子有一種沿著某一特定方向與定子對 ^的趨勢，由此趨勢會產生一種振盪轉矩，稱為齒槽轉矩 或頓轉轉矩（cogging t〇rque)。此種振盪轉矩，是由於定 子齒槽的存在，使得在一個磁極下之磁阻發生變化而引起 亦稱為磁阻轉矩脈動。當然整個永磁電機之頓轉轉矩 是各個磁極所產生的磁阻轉矩脈動之合成。對結構對稱的 水磁電機而言，頓轉轉矩相對於旋轉方向之空間機械角度 ^現週期性的變化波形，其週期大小可由永磁電機的磁極 +及槽數決定。由於頓轉轉矩的存在，對永磁電動機而M275408, Creation Note (1) The new type belongs to the technical field. The rotor of a permanent magnet motor has a tendency to align with the stator along a certain direction. This trend will generate an oscillating torque, called cogging torque or Cogging torque (cogging torque). This kind of oscillating torque is due to the existence of stator cogging, which causes the change of magnetic resistance under one magnetic pole, which is also called reluctance torque pulsation. Of course, the cogging torque of the entire permanent magnet motor is a combination of the reluctance torque ripple generated by each magnetic pole. For a hydromagnetic motor with a symmetrical structure, the space mechanical angle of the cogging torque relative to the direction of rotation ^ presents a periodic variation waveform, and its period size can be determined by the magnetic pole + and the number of slots of the permanent magnet motor. Due to the existence of cogging torque,

會影^其在速度控制系統中的低速性能與在位置控制 、統中的尚精度定位，故可容許的頓轉轉矩大小，視負載 =需求而定。對永磁發電機而言，以小型永磁式風力發電 機為例，則大大影響了使葉片旋轉的始動風速，因此小型 永磁式風力發電機設計的基本需求為低慣量與低頓轉轉 矩。總而言之，對永磁電機之使用者而言，有必要去量測 其頓轉轉矩之大小。 【先前技術】 以曰本製產品為例，如圖一為其系統配置圖。該系 統安裝在測試台3 6上之主要元件有個人電腦28、介面卡 2。9、步進馬達30、減速齒輪31、連轴器32及34、轉矩感測 器3 3及待測之永磁電機3 4等。個人電腦2 8的主要功能在於 經由介面卡2 9發出命令驅動步進馬達3〇運轉，並從轉矩感 測器33之輸出端取出轉矩信號，與位置信號配合畫出轉矩It will affect its low-speed performance in the speed control system and accurate positioning in the position control system. Therefore, the allowable standstill torque depends on the load = demand. For the permanent magnet generator, taking the small permanent magnet wind turbine as an example, it greatly affects the initial wind speed for rotating the blades. Therefore, the basic requirements for the design of the small permanent magnet wind turbine are low inertia and low turn. Moment. In short, it is necessary for the users of permanent magnet motors to measure the magnitude of their torque. [Previous technology] Take the Japanese-made product as an example, as shown in Figure 1, its system configuration diagram. The main components of the system installed on the test bench 36 are a personal computer 28, an interface card 2.9, a stepping motor 30, a reduction gear 31, couplings 32 and 34, a torque sensor 33, and the ones to be tested. Permanent magnet motors 3 4 and so on. The main function of the personal computer 28 is to send a command to drive the stepping motor 30 through the interface card 29, and take out the torque signal from the output of the torque sensor 33, and draw the torque in conjunction with the position signal.

M275408 創作說明（2) 對位置之變化 測之永磁電機 轉；轉矩感測 測之永磁電機 測器33取出轉 此一型式 轉矩信號，目 自製器，均係 萬元以上，價 製造成本過高 架構，可以有 新型内容】 曲線圏；步進馬達30經由減速齒輪31帶動被 3/在穩定的低轉速下（一般在1〇RpM左右）旋 器3 3經由連軸器3 2、3 4裝於步進馬達3 〇與被 35的中間，三者同轉轴旋轉，然後由轉矩感 轴上之轉矩信號。 =頓轉轉矩量測系統，採用轉矩感測器來測 前市售之普通規格的轉矩感測器（台灣沒有 進口），若加上放大電路部份，最少需台幣8 格非常昂貴，因而造成頓轉轉矩量測裝置之 ，不易廣泛使用。本創作即在提出一種替代 效的降低頓轉轉矩量測裝置的的製造成本。 對永磁電機的頓轉轉矩量測系統而言，因其量測時之 轉速非常低（約1 ORPMii右），故對轉矩信號而言，不需考 慮系統的頻率響應速度，且一般1仟瓦以下之永磁電機的 頓轉轉矩，大致在1牛頓—米以下；為了減少製造成本，本 創作設計以荷重元（Load cel 1)與磁粉式煞車器的組合裝 置來取代轉矩感測器以檢測永磁電機的頓轉轉矩信號。 其主要構造係藉由一微步進馬達的傳動，使被測永磁 電機的輸出轴連動一槓桿臂，槓桿臂下壓一荷重元裝置， 藉此可從荷重元放大電路之輸出端取出力的信號，將力乘 以制動臂的固定長度即可轉換為轉矩的信號（力矩=力量χM275408 Creation instructions (2) Permanent magnet motor rotation for position change; Permanent magnet motor detector 33 for torque sensing Take out and turn this type of torque signal. For home-made devices, all are more than 10,000 yuan, manufactured at a price High cost structure, can have new content] Curve 圏; stepping motor 30 is driven by reduction gear 31 by 3 / at a stable low speed (generally around 10 RpM) spinner 3 3 via coupling 3 2, 3 4 is installed in the middle of the stepping motor 3 0 and the bed 35. The three rotate with the rotating shaft, and then the torque signal on the torque sensing shaft. = Torque measurement system, using a torque sensor to measure a common torque sensor (not imported in Taiwan) previously sold. If an amplifier circuit is added, a minimum of NT $ 8 is very expensive. As a result, it is difficult to widely use the torque measurement device. This creation is to propose a replacement effect to reduce the manufacturing cost of the cogging torque measurement device. For the torque measurement system of permanent magnet motors, because its rotating speed is very low (about 1 ORPMii right), so for torque signals, the frequency response speed of the system need not be considered, and it is generally The torsional torque of a permanent magnet motor below 1 watt is roughly below 1 Newton-meter; in order to reduce manufacturing costs, this creative design uses a combination of a load cell (Load cel 1) and a magnetic powder brake to replace the torque The sensor detects the cogging torque signal of the permanent magnet motor. The main structure is that a micro-stepping motor drives the output shaft of the tested permanent magnet motor to link a lever arm. The lever arm presses down a load cell device, so that the force can be taken out from the output terminal of the load cell amplification circuit. The signal of torque can be converted into a signal of torque by multiplying the force by the fixed length of the brake arm (torque = force χ

第7頁 M275408 、創作說明（3) 力#長）’此時两你热絲土》 的# s户站 丹興紅轉轴上之編碼器的放大電路所取出 的位置仏唬配合’即可畫出轉矩對位置之變化曲線圖。 貝審查委員能進一步了解本案之技術特徵、功 效及進步性，兹配合實施方式說明如下： 【實施方式】 一本創作之新型永磁電機頓轉轉矩量測裝置的結構如圖 一所示。在圖二（a)中之微步進馬達1係裝置在一固定於底 座平台2之中間L型座3上，並在L型座3上架構一平行支板 4。步進馬達1之輸出轉轴經由轴上的凹槽及凸鍵與步進傳 動轴5連接，而此步進傳動軸5則裝置於中間L形座上的轴 承6與平行支板上的轴承7兩者之間。並於此步進傳動轴上 固定一皮帶輪的上方輪座8，然後在中間L形座上的袖承9 與平行支板上的軸承10兩者之間裝置一中間傳動軸此 中間傳動轴上固定一皮帶輪之下方輪座12,在上方輪座8 與下方輪座1 2兩輪座之間則以皮帶1 3來連動，如囷二（b) 之側視圓所示。在中間傳動軸11的右側則經由連袖器j 合一裝置於負載L形座1 5上之被測永磁電機丨6的輸出轉 轴，而此負載L形座15亦被固定在底座平台2上，如圓二 (C )之側視囷所示。在中間傳動轴1 1的左側則經由連轴器 1 7叙合一裝置於煞車L形座1 8上之磁粉式煞車器1 g的一次 轉轴2 0，而此煞車L型座1 8亦被固定在底座平台2上，如X圖 二（d )之側視圖所示。在連轴器1 7的右側同時裝置一光學Page 7 M275408, creation instructions (3) Force #long) 'At this time two of you hot silk soil' #s household station Danxing red shaft of the encoder amplifier circuit on the red shaft to pick out the position to match Draw a plot of torque versus position. The review committee member can further understand the technical features, functions and advancements of this case, and hereby explains it with the implementation mode as follows: [Embodiment Mode] The structure of a new-type permanent magnet motor torque measurement device created in this book is shown in Figure 1. The micro-stepping motor 1 shown in Fig. 2 (a) is a device fixed on a middle L-shaped base 3 fixed to the base platform 2 and a parallel support plate 4 is formed on the L-shaped base 3. The output shaft of the stepping motor 1 is connected to the stepping transmission shaft 5 through a groove and a convex key on the shaft, and this stepping transmission shaft 5 is installed on the bearing 6 on the middle L-shaped seat and the bearing on the parallel support plate 7 Between the two. An upper wheel seat 8 of a pulley is fixed on the stepping drive shaft, and then an intermediate drive shaft is installed between the sleeve bearing 9 on the middle L-shaped seat and the bearing 10 on the parallel support plate. The lower wheel seat 12 of a fixed pulley is linked by a belt 13 between the upper wheel seat 8 and the lower wheel seat 12 and the two wheel seats, as shown by the side circle of the second (b). On the right side of the intermediate drive shaft 11, the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 6 tested on the load L-shaped seat 15 is mounted on the load L-shaped seat 15 through the sleeve joint j, and the load L-shaped seat 15 is also fixed on the base platform. 2, as shown by the side view of circle two (C). On the left side of the intermediate drive shaft 1 1 is a primary shaft 20 of a magnetic powder brake 1 g which is integrated on the brake L-shaped seat 18 via a coupling 17 and the brake L-shaped seat 1 8 is also It is fixed on the base platform 2 as shown in the side view of FIG. 2 (d) in X. Simultaneously install an optical on the right side of the coupling 17

M275408 四、創作說明（4) 編碼器的旋轉片 於中間L形座3下 定於槓桿臂24上 止螺絲2 5，此一 此荷重元裝置經 欲進行頓轉 驅動微步進馬達 輪的上方輪座8、 傳動軸1 1，經由 帶動被測永磁電 粉式煞車器一次 力會隨著被測永 種大小變化的頓 的一次轉轴，藉 的内部磁場機構 制動力的信號， 槓桿臂2 4及槓桿 重元裝置26的動 荷重元裝置所受 號轉換成電壓的 個人電腦，此時 檢出部22亦檢出 大電路及介面裝 力的電壓信號乘 S卜而光學編碼器的信號檢出部22則固定 ‘至於磁粉式煞車器之二次轉軸2 3則固 剽=二（d)所示。此槓桿臂上裝設一制 :士 f絲25並壓於一荷重元裝置26上，而 =支架27亦固定於煞車L形座18上。 矩之量測時’首先令個人電腦發出命令 f，此傳動力經由步進傳動轴5、皮帶 皮帶1 3、皮帶輪的下方輪座1 2傳至中間 中間傳動軸左右兩侧之連轴器i 4、丨7同時 機16之轉子、光學編碼器的旋轉片21與磁 轉轴20。此時由微步進馬達所產生的傳動 磁電機旋轉時的頓轉轉矩大小而變化。此 轉轉矩信號再由同轴運轉之磁粉式煞車器 由已經施以適當激磁電流的磁粉式煞車器 ’將此種大小變化的頓轉轉矩信號轉變為 並由裝設於磁粉式煞車器二次轉轴23上的 臂上的制動螺絲2 5，利用制動螺絲壓於荷 作’將此種大小變化的制動力信號轉換成 ，，的大小，再由荷重元裝置將壓力的信 仏號’經放大電路及介面電路裝置傳送至 ，定於中間L形座3上之光學編碼器信號 光學編碼器旋轉片的位置信號，並經由放 置同時傳送至個人電腦；個人電腦將制動 以横桿臂的固定長度，即可轉換為頓轉轉 第9頁M275408 IV. Creation instructions (4) The rotating piece of the encoder is fixed under the L-shaped seat 3 in the middle of the lever arm 24 and the screws 25. This load cell device drives the upper step of the micro-stepping motor wheel by turning it suddenly. Seat 8, transmission shaft 11, the signal of the braking force of the internal magnetic field mechanism through the primary rotating shaft that drives the tested permanent magnet electro-powder type brake to change with the measured permanent type, lever lever 2 4 And the personal computer converted by the dynamic load cell device of the lever weight cell device 26 into a voltage. At this time, the detection unit 22 also detects the voltage signal of the large circuit and interface mounting force and multiplies the signal by the optical encoder. The part 22 is fixed to the secondary rotating shaft 23 of the magnetic powder brake, and the solid part 2 is shown as two (d). The lever arm is provided with a system: taxi f wire 25 and pressed on a load cell device 26, and the bracket 27 is also fixed on the brake L-shaped seat 18. When measuring the moment, first the personal computer issues a command f, and this transmission force is transmitted to the couplings i on the left and right sides of the middle intermediate transmission shaft via the step transmission shaft 5, the belt belt 1, 3, and the lower wheel seat 12 of the pulley. 4. 丨 7 The rotor of the synchronous machine 16, the rotating plate 21 and the magnetic shaft 20 of the optical encoder. At this time, the transmission torque generated by the micro-stepping motor changes as the cogging torque of the magnetic motor rotates. This turning torque signal is then converted by a magnetic powder brake of coaxial operation from a magnetic powder brake that has been applied with an appropriate excitation current to a torque torque signal of this size change and installed in the magnetic powder brake The brake screw 2 5 on the arm of the secondary rotating shaft 23 is used to press the brake screw to the load to convert the braking force signal of this size change into the size of the pressure signal, and then the load element device will convert the pressure signal. 'Transmitted to the optical encoder signal on the middle L-shaped base 3 via the amplification circuit and interface circuit device, the position signal of the optical encoder rotating plate is transmitted to the personal computer at the same time by placing; the personal computer will brake the crossbar arm Fixed length, you can convert it to page turn page 9

V M275408V M275408

=的信號1力矩=力量X力臂長度），此時再與位 合，即可畫出頓轉轉矩對永磁電機轉子位置的變化曲J配 圖。 咏 綜上所述，本案深具產業 產品及已核准之專利公告中， 特徵相同者，亦合乎新穎性及 件。爰依法提出專利申請，懇 本案專利，以確保申請人之權 本創作之較佳實施例而已，自 範圍’凡依本創作精神所作 於本創作之申請專利範圍中 之利用性’且查市面之相關 並未見與本創作實質之技術 進步性之法定專利申請要 請貴審查委員能早曰賜予 益。惟以上所揭露者，僅為 不能以此限定本創作之權利 等效變化或修飾者，仍涵蓋= Signal 1 Torque = Force X Arm length), and then in conjunction with this, you can draw the curve J of the change of the sudden torque to the rotor position of the permanent magnet motor. In summary, in this case, the case has industrial products and approved patent announcements, and those with the same characteristics are also in line with novelty and conditions.提出 File a patent application in accordance with the law and ask for a patent in this case to ensure the applicant's right to the preferred embodiment of the creation. From the scope of 'any use made in the scope of the patent application for this creation in accordance with the spirit of this creation' and check the market Relevant statutory patent applications that do not see the technical advancement of the essence of this creation should ask your reviewing committee to give benefits as soon as possible. However, those disclosed above are only those that cannot be used to limit the rights of this creation. Equivalent changes or modifications are still covered.

M275408 圖式簡單說明 圖一傳統量測頓轉轉矩系統架構圖 圖二（a )本創作新型永磁電機頓轉轉矩裝置的結構圖 圖二（b )中間L型座配置圖 圖二（c )負載L型座配置圖 圖二（d )煞車L型座配置圖 【主要元件符號說明】 I :步進馬達 2 :底座平台 3 :中間L型座 4:平行支板 5:步進傳動轴 6、7、9、10:轴承 II :中間傳動轴 12:下方輪座 13:皮帶M275408 Brief description of the diagram. Figure 1. Traditional traditional torque measurement system architecture diagram. Figure 2 (a) Structure diagram of the new type permanent magnet motor torque generator. Figure 2 (b) Configuration diagram of the middle L-shaped seat. Figure 2 ( c) Load L-shaped seat configuration diagram Figure 2 (d) Brake L-shaped seat configuration diagram [Description of main component symbols] I: Stepping motor 2: Base platform 3: Middle L-shaped seat 4: Parallel support plate 5: Stepping transmission Shafts 6, 7, 9, 10: Bearing II: Intermediate drive shaft 12: Lower wheel seat 13: Belt

14、17:連轴器 15:負載[型座 16:被測永磁電機 1 8 :煞車L型座 1 9 :磁粉式煞車器 2 0 :磁粉式煞車器一次轉轴 21 :光學編碼器旋轉片 2 2 :光學編碼器信號檢出部 23 :磁粉式煞車器二次轉轴 24:槓桿臂 25:制動螺絲 26:荷重元裝置 27:支架 28:個人電腦 29:介面卡 30:步進馬達 31:減速齒輪 32、34:連轴器 33:轉矩感測器 3 5 :待測之永磁電機 3 6 :測試台14, 17: Coupling 15: Load [type seat 16: tested permanent magnet motor 1 8: brake L-type seat 1 9: magnetic powder brake 2 0: magnetic powder brake primary shaft 21: optical encoder rotation Sheet 2 2: Optical encoder signal detection section 23: Magnetic powder brake secondary shaft 24: lever arm 25: brake screw 26: load cell device 27: bracket 28: personal computer 29: interface card 30: stepping motor 31: reduction gear 32, 34: coupling 33: torque sensor 3 5: permanent magnet motor to be tested 3 6: test bench

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Claims (1)

M275408 案號93219656 年月日 修正 五、申請專利範圍 11111 第13頁M275408 Case No. 93219656 Amendment V. Scope of Patent Application 11111 Page 13