TWI838505B - Water purifier and water purification method - Google Patents
Water purifier and water purification method Download PDFInfo
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- TWI838505B TWI838505B TW109110813A TW109110813A TWI838505B TW I838505 B TWI838505 B TW I838505B TW 109110813 A TW109110813 A TW 109110813A TW 109110813 A TW109110813 A TW 109110813A TW I838505 B TWI838505 B TW I838505B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 fluorine ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006995 Abutilon theophrasti Species 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000227473 Corchorus olitorius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005945 Corchorus orinocensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LGZXYFMMLRYXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Hg+2] LGZXYFMMLRYXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000004792 Corchorus capsularis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DBPRUZCKPFOVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clorprenaline hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl.CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DBPRUZCKPFOVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAYXDMNJJFVXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic(5+) Chemical compound [As+5] HAYXDMNJJFVXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
- C02F1/64—Heavy metal compounds of iron or manganese
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
提供一種水淨化劑，其係由包含長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑的混合物的造粒物質所組成，所述造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10係為100μm以上且為400μm以下，且累積90%體積粒徑D90係為800μm以上且1,200μm以下。 Provided is a water purifier, which is composed of a granulated material of a mixture of a powder of Cordata longifolia and a polymer flocculant, wherein the granulated material has a cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of 100 μm or more and 400 μm or less, and a cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 of 800 μm or more and 1,200 μm or less.
Description
本發明係關於水淨化劑以及使用了該水淨化劑的淨化方法。 The present invention relates to a water purifier and a purification method using the water purifier.
近年來，於工廠當中製造各種製品的過程當中，產生大量的廢液，其包含作為無機離子的金屬離子或氟離子等造成環境負擔的物質。 In recent years, a large amount of waste liquid has been generated in the process of manufacturing various products in factories, which contains inorganic ions such as metal ions or fluorine ions that cause environmental burdens.
到目前為止的水淨化劑當中，在無機離子的不溶解化(insolubilization)處理當中需要氯化鐵、硫酸鋁、聚氯化鋁(PAC)等的無機絮凝劑，但使用所述無機絮凝劑對於環境負荷高，當大量地添加無機絮凝劑時，會導致汙泥產生量增加(汙泥含水率)、藥劑成本增加等情況，因此希望不使用無機絮凝劑或是減少使用量。 Among the water purifiers used so far, inorganic flocculants such as ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) are required for the insolubilization of inorganic ions. However, the use of such inorganic flocculants has a high environmental load. When a large amount of inorganic flocculants are added, the amount of sludge generated (sludge water content) and the cost of chemicals will increase. Therefore, it is hoped that inorganic flocculants will not be used or the amount used will be reduced.
因此，例如，已揭示一種方式，其係為藉著使用一種絮凝劑，可降低無機絮凝劑的添加量(例如參考專利文獻1)，其中該絮凝劑係由具有特定鹼性的聚氯化鋁及二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨系聚合物所組成的絮凝劑。 Therefore, for example, a method has been disclosed that can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculant added by using a flocculant (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), wherein the flocculant is a flocculant composed of polyaluminum chloride and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-based polymers having specific alkalinity.
此外，已有提案一種水淨化劑，其係由包含長蒴黃麻的粉末與高分子絮凝劑的造粒物質所構成的水淨化劑，其中所述造粒物質的中值直徑(D50)係為250μm且以上850μm以下(例如參考專利文獻2)。 Furthermore, a water purifier has been proposed, which is a granulated substance comprising a powder of Cordata edulis and a high molecular weight flocculant, wherein the median diameter (D 50 ) of the granulated substance is 250 μm or more and 850 μm or less (for example, refer to Patent Document 2).
[先前技術文獻] [Prior Art Literature]
[專利文獻] [Patent Literature]
[專利文獻1]日本專利6028826號公報 [Patent document 1] Japanese Patent No. 6028826
[專利文獻2]日本專利6133348號公報 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 6133348
專利文獻1中所記載的技術中，即使可減少無機絮凝劑的使用量，也無法達到藉著降低汙泥含水率來減少汙泥產生量。 In the technology described in Patent Document 1, even if the amount of inorganic flocculants used can be reduced, it is not possible to reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of the sludge.
此外，於專利文獻2當中雖然揭示了能夠在短時間內將無機離子濃度降低至期望濃度以下的水淨化性能，但是就減少無機離子不溶解化處理中所使用的無機絮凝劑的使用量、以及減少汙泥產生量的效果上並無記載或建議，期望提供一種水淨化劑，其具有優異的水淨化性能，且能夠減少無機絮凝劑的使用量，並且藉由降低汙泥含水率而達到減少汙泥產生量。 In addition, although Patent Document 2 discloses a water purification performance that can reduce the inorganic ion concentration to below the desired concentration in a short time, there is no record or suggestion on the effect of reducing the amount of inorganic flocculants used in the inorganic ion insolubilization treatment and reducing the amount of sludge generated. It is hoped to provide a water purifier that has excellent water purification performance, can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used, and can reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of sludge.
本發明所欲解決問題為解決習知技術中的所述諸問題，並且達成以下目的。也就是說，本發明係的目的為提供一種水淨化劑，其具有優異的水淨化性能，可減少無機絮凝劑的使用量，並且可藉由降低汙泥含水率而達到減少汙泥產生量。 The problem that the present invention intends to solve is to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art and to achieve the following objectives. That is, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water purifier that has excellent water purification performance, can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used, and can reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of sludge.
作為用於解決所述問題之手段，其係如下所述，即： As means for solving the above-mentioned problem, it is as follows, namely:
<1>一種水淨化劑，其係由包含長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑的混合物的造粒物質所組成，所述造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10係為100μm以上且400μm以下，且累積90%體積粒徑D90係為800μm以上且1,200μm以下。 <1> A water purifier, comprising a granulated material of a mixture of a powder of Cordata longifolia and a polymer flocculant, wherein the granulated material has a cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of 100 μm or more and 400 μm or less, and a cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 of 800 μm or more and 1,200 μm or less.
<2>如前述<1>所述之水淨化劑，其中，所述長蒴黃麻的粉末與所述高分子絮凝劑的質量組成比係介於9：1~1：9之間。 <2> The water purifier as described in <1> above, wherein the mass composition ratio of the powder of Cordata chinensis to the polymer flocculant is between 9:1 and 1:9.
<3>如前述<1>至<2>中任一項所述之水淨化劑，其中，所述長蒴黃麻係由中國農業科學院麻類研究所鑑定的鑑定編號為國鑑麻2013之「中黃麻4號」。 <3> The water purifier as described in any of the above <1> to <2>, wherein the long capsule jute is identified by the Institute of Hemp of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences with the identification number of "China Jute No. 4" in the National Hemp Identification 2013.
<4>如前述<1>或<2>所述之水淨化劑，其中，所述長蒴黃麻係由中國農業科學院麻類研究所鑑定的鑑定編號為皖品鑑登字第1209006之「中黃麻3號」。 <4> The water purifier as described in <1> or <2> above, wherein the long capsule jute is identified by the Institute of Hemp of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as "Zhong Huang Ma No. 3" with the identification number of Anhui Product Appraisal No. 1209006.
<5>如前述<1>或<2>所述之水淨化劑，其中，所述長蒴黃麻係由中國農業科學院麻類研究所鑑定的鑑定編號為皖品鑑登字第1209001之「中紅麻」。 <5> The water purifier as described in <1> or <2> above, wherein the long capsule jute is "Chinese red jute" with the identification number of Anhui Product Appraisal No. 1209001 identified by the Institute of Hemp of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
<6>如前述<1>至<5>中任一項所述之水淨化劑，其中，所述高分子絮凝劑係為聚丙烯醯胺。 <6> A water purifier as described in any one of <1> to <5> above, wherein the polymer flocculant is polyacrylamide.
<7>如前述<6>所述之水淨化劑，其中，所述聚丙烯醯胺具有丙烯酸鹽或羧酸鹽。 <7> The water purifier as described in <6> above, wherein the polyacrylamide has an acrylate or a carboxylate.
<8>一種水淨化劑的製造方法，其包含：捏合步驟，混合長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑，加入水分進行捏合，以獲得捏合物；拉伸‧片狀化步驟，藉由拉伸法將所述捏合物成型為片狀，以獲得片狀的成型物；乾燥步驟，使所獲得的片狀的成型物乾燥，以獲得經乾燥的片材；及粉碎步驟，將經乾燥的片材粉碎。 <8> A method for producing a water purifier, comprising: a kneading step, mixing a powder of long-capsule jute and a polymer flocculant, adding water and kneading to obtain a kneaded product; a stretching and sheeting step, forming the kneaded product into a sheet by stretching to obtain a sheet-shaped product; a drying step, drying the obtained sheet-shaped product to obtain a dried sheet; and a pulverizing step, pulverizing the dried sheet.
<9>一種水淨化方法，其係將如前述<1>至<7>中任一項所述之水淨化劑溶解於水中，以獲得長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑的分散液，並且將所述分散液供給至含有無機系不必要物質的廢水中，藉此來除去廢水中的無機系不必要物質。 <9> A water purification method, which comprises dissolving a water purifier as described in any one of <1> to <7> in water to obtain a dispersion of Cordata edulis powder and a polymer flocculant, and supplying the dispersion to wastewater containing inorganic unnecessary substances, thereby removing the inorganic unnecessary substances in the wastewater.
<10>如前述<9>所述之水淨化方法，其中，所述廢水含有無機系不必要物質，所述無機系不必要物質係具有鎳、氟、鐵、銅、鋅、鉻、砷、鎘、錫及鉛當中的至少一種。 <10> The water purification method as described in <9> above, wherein the wastewater contains inorganic unnecessary substances, and the inorganic unnecessary substances are at least one of nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, tin and lead.
<11>如前述<10>所述之水淨化方法，其中，對於所述無機系不必要物質當中的鎳離子、氟離子、鐵離子、銅離子、鋅離子、鉻離子、砷離子、鎘離子、錫離子及鉛離子當中的至少一種的無機離子進行不溶解化處理之後，將所述分散液供給至所述廢水。 <11> The water purification method as described in <10> above, wherein at least one inorganic ion of nickel ion, fluorine ion, iron ion, copper ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, arsenic ion, cadmium ion, tin ion and lead ion among the inorganic unnecessary substances is insolubilized, and then the dispersion is supplied to the wastewater.
<12>如前述<11>所述之水淨化方法，其中，使用於所述不溶解化處理的無機絮凝劑的量係為4,500ppm以下。 <12> The water purification method as described in <11> above, wherein the amount of the inorganic flocculant used in the insolubilization treatment is 4,500 ppm or less.
根據本發明可提供一種水淨化劑，其能夠解決習知技術中的所述諸問題，達到所述目的，其具有優異的水淨化性能，能夠減少無機絮凝劑的使用量，並且可藉由降低汙泥含水率而達到減少汙泥產生量。 According to the present invention, a water purifier can be provided, which can solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and achieve the above-mentioned purpose. It has excellent water purification performance, can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used, and can reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of sludge.
(水淨化劑) (Water Purifier)
本發明之水淨化劑係由包含長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑的混合物的造粒物質所組成，所述造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10係為100μm以上且400μm以下，且累積90%體積粒徑D90係為800μm以上且1,200μm以下。 The water purifier of the present invention is composed of a granulated material of a mixture of a powder of Cordata longifolia and a polymer flocculant, wherein the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material is greater than 100 μm and less than 400 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 is greater than 800 μm and less than 1,200 μm.
本案發明人為了提供具優異的水淨化性能的水淨化劑，致力研究包含植物粉末的水淨化劑。結果發現到，藉由使長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑捏合而得的造粒物質的累積10%體積粒子直徑D10及累積90%體積粒子直徑D90於特定範圍內，可實現具有優異水淨化性能，能夠減少無機絮凝劑之使用量，並且可藉由降低汙泥含水率而達到減少汙泥產生量的水淨化劑。 In order to provide a water purifier with excellent water purification performance, the inventor of this case has devoted himself to researching a water purifier containing plant powder. As a result, it was found that by kneading the powder of long-capsule jute and the high-molecular flocculant, the cumulative 10% volume particle diameter D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D90 of the granulated material obtained by kneading are within a specific range, a water purifier with excellent water purification performance can be achieved, which can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used, and can reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of sludge.
其理由雖未臻明確，可作如下思考。 Although the reasons are not clear, we can think about it as follows.
於本發明當中，工業廢水係例如包含鎳、氟、鐵、銅、鋅、鉻、砷、鎘、錫、鉛等的無機系不必要物質，並以工業廢水為對象，由此廢水除去無機系不必要物質(亦稱為「水的淨化」)，為此透過以下方式進行，即藉由無機絮凝劑來使無機系不必要物質當中的鎳離子、氟離子、鐵離子等無機離子不溶解化，以形成懸浮固體物，並使微絮凝物(microfloc)絮凝沉降，固液分離。據研判，當淨化此種水時，若使用由長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑所組成的造粒物質，會造成：(i)藉由高分子絮凝劑來促進廢水中的無機離子的微絮凝物化；(ii)藉由長蒴黃麻的粉末來提升對於廢水中無機離子的吸附效果；(iii)藉由存在於長蒴黃麻的粉末中的細孔來提升吸附微絮凝物的效果。 In the present invention, industrial wastewater contains inorganic unnecessary substances such as nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, tin, and lead, and industrial wastewater is taken as the object, and inorganic unnecessary substances are removed from the wastewater (also called "water purification"), which is carried out in the following manner, that is, inorganic ions such as nickel ions, fluorine ions, and iron ions among the inorganic unnecessary substances are insoluble by using an inorganic flocculant to form suspended solids, and microflocs are flocculated and settled to separate the solid and liquid. It is estimated that when purifying such water, if a granulated material composed of long-capsule jute powder and a high-molecular flocculant is used, it will result in: (i) promoting the micro-flocculation of inorganic ions in the wastewater by the high-molecular flocculant; (ii) enhancing the adsorption effect of inorganic ions in the wastewater by the long-capsule jute powder; (iii) enhancing the adsorption effect of micro-flocs by the pores existing in the long-capsule jute powder.
此時，若長蒴黃麻急速地吸水並沉降，則無法發揮上述吸附效果，另一方面，若長蒴黃麻的纖維的空隙(多孔)部分無法充分地與廢水接觸，則無法充分地發揮具陽離子交換能力的長蒴黃麻所帶來的上述(ii)及(iii)的效果。 At this time, if the long capsule jute absorbs water rapidly and settles, the above-mentioned adsorption effect cannot be exerted. On the other hand, if the voids (porous) of the long capsule jute fibers cannot fully contact the wastewater, the above-mentioned effects (ii) and (iii) brought about by the long capsule jute having cation exchange ability cannot be fully exerted.
當造粒物質的累積10%體積粒子直徑D10係小於100μm，且累積90%體積粒子直徑D90小於800μm時，造粒物質的比表面積小，無法充分發揮基於造粒物質的吸附效果。 When the cumulative 10% volume particle diameter D10 of the granulated material is less than 100 μm and the cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D90 is less than 800 μm, the specific surface area of the granulated material is small and the adsorption effect based on the granulated material cannot be fully exerted.
另一方面，於淨化時，長蒴黃麻的沉降緩慢，因此可使造粒物質的粒徑相對較大，但是當造物物質的累積10%體積粒子直徑D10大於400μm，且累積90%體積粒子直徑D90大於1200μm時，沉降速度變快，無法充分地發揮造粒物質的吸附效果。 On the other hand, during purification, the sedimentation of long-capsule jute is slow, so the particle size of the granulated material can be relatively large. However, when the cumulative 10% volume particle diameter D10 of the granulated material is greater than 400μm and the cumulative 90% volume particle diameter D90 is greater than 1200μm, the sedimentation rate becomes faster and the adsorption effect of the granulated material cannot be fully exerted.
因此，研判累積10%體積粒子直徑D10及累積90%體積粒子直徑D90在特定範圍內的造粒物質能夠充分地利用長蒴黃麻的特徵，且表現出具有充分的吸附微絮凝物之優異水淨化性能，並可減少在進行無機離子之不溶解化處理所用的無機絮凝劑的量，以透過減少汙泥含水率來達到減少汙泥產生量。 Therefore, it is judged that the granulated materials with the cumulative particle diameter D10 of 10% volume and the cumulative particle diameter D90 of 90% volume within the specific range can fully utilize the characteristics of long-capsule jute, and show excellent water purification performance with sufficient adsorption of microflocs, and can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used in the insolubilization treatment of inorganic ions, so as to reduce the sludge generation by reducing the sludge water content.
本發明中所規範的造粒物質可較佳地以後述製造方法來進行製造。 The granulated material specified in the present invention can be preferably produced by the production method described below.
以下針對水淨化劑的具體構成來進行說明。 The following is an explanation of the specific composition of water purifiers.
<長蒴黃麻> <Long-capsule jute>
由於長蒴黃麻的粉末的陽離子交換能力高，並且具有細孔，其可吸附包含所述無機離子的廢水中的微絮凝物，因此可較佳地使用。 Since the powder of Cordata edulis has high cation exchange capacity and fine pores, it can adsorb microflocculates in wastewater containing the inorganic ions and can therefore be preferably used.
作為長蒴黃麻的部位，可使用葉或莖為較佳。 As the part of long capsule jute, it is better to use leaves or stems.
此外，長蒴黃麻當中，可較佳地使用中國長沙市生產的長蒴黃麻、或是中國農業科學院麻類研究所鑑定的鑑定編號為國鑑麻2013之「中黃麻4號」、鑑定編號為皖品鑑登字第1209006之「中黃麻3號」、鑑定編號為 XPD005-2005之「中黃麻1號」、或鑑定編號為皖品鑑登字第1209001之「中紅麻」。其中又以所述「中黃麻4號」、所述「中黃麻3號」以及所述「中紅麻」為更佳；所述「中黃麻4號」為最佳。 In addition, among the long capsule jute, the long capsule jute produced in Changsha, China, or the "Zhong Huangjue No. 4" with the identification number of Guojianma 2013, the "Zhong Huangjue No. 3" with the identification number of Anhui Product Appraisal No. 1209006, the "Zhong Huangjue No. 1" with the identification number of XPD005-2005, or the "Zhong Hongjue" with the identification number of Anhui Product Appraisal No. 1209001 can be preferably used. Among them, the "Zhong Huangjue No. 4", the "Zhong Huangjue No. 3" and the "Zhong Hongjue" are more preferred; the "Zhong Huangjue No. 4" is the best.
另外，所述「中黃麻3號」的鑑定編號係皖品鑑登字第1209006號，且所述「中紅麻」的鑑定編號係皖品鑑登字第1209001號。 In addition, the appraisal number of the "Zhong Huang Ma No. 3" is Wanpin Jiandeng No. 1209006, and the appraisal number of the "Zhong Hong Ma" is Wanpin Jiandeng No. 1209001.
所述「中黃麻4號」具有以下特性。 The "Zhonghuangju No. 4" has the following characteristics.
農產品種類：黃麻 Type of agricultural product: Jute
品種來源：湘黃麻3號×0-4(1)雜交之F1子代與湘黃麻3號所繁殖之品種 Origin of the variety: The F1 offspring of the cross between Xianghuangma No. 3×0-4(1) and the variety bred by Xianghuangma No. 3
特徵特性：中黃麻4號係為長果種的一般品種黃麻，其具有綠色莖，莖為圓柱狀，葉片呈分散針狀，葉柄為綠色且與主莖之間的角度小，且具有側芽‧托葉。萼為綠色，長果圓柱形，具五室，種類屬於晚熟品種。 Characteristics: Jute No. 4 is a common long-fruit variety of jute. It has a green stem, which is cylindrical, and the leaves are scattered needle-shaped. The petiole is green and has a small angle with the main stem, and has side buds and stipules. The calyx is green, the long fruit is cylindrical, and has five chambers. It is a late-maturing variety.
<高分子絮凝劑> <Polymer flocculant>
作為高分子絮凝劑，只要是與所述長蒴黃麻同樣呈現除去廢水中的所述無機系不必要物質的效果即可，可不特別限制，可根據目的而適當選擇，可列舉例如聚丙烯醯胺(PAM)、聚丙烯醯胺的部分水解鹽、聚胺、海藻酸鈉、聚丙烯酸鈉、羧甲基纖維素(CMC)鈉鹽等。於此等當中以聚丙烯醯胺為較佳。 As a polymer flocculant, as long as it can remove the inorganic unnecessary substances in wastewater in the same way as the long capsule jute, there is no particular limitation and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, polyacrylamide (PAM), partially hydrolyzed salts of polyacrylamide, polyamine, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), etc. can be listed. Among them, polyacrylamide is preferred.
作為聚丙烯醯胺，可列舉例如具有丙烯酸鹽或羧酸鹽的聚丙烯醯胺等。 Examples of polyacrylamide include polyacrylamide having acrylic acid salt or carboxylic acid salt.
作為所述聚丙烯醯胺，可使用市售品，作為所述市售品，可列舉例如Flopan AN934(於側鏈具有丙烯酸鹽的聚丙烯醯胺)；Flopan AN913(於側鏈具有羧酸鹽的聚丙烯醯胺)(皆為SNF股份有限公司製造)等。 As the polyacrylamide, commercial products can be used. Examples of the commercial products include Flopan AN934 (polyacrylamide having an acrylic acid salt in the side chain); Flopan AN913 (polyacrylamide having a carboxylic acid salt in the side chain) (both manufactured by SNF Co., Ltd.).
<長蒴黃麻的粉末與高分子絮凝劑之混合物的造粒物質> <Granulated material of a mixture of powder of long-capsule jute and a high-molecular flocculant>
所述長蒴黃麻的粉末與所述高分子絮凝劑的質量組成比係以9：1~1：9為較佳；以5：5~1：9為更佳；又以3：7~1：9為最佳。若在此質量組成比的範圍內，可發揮具充分微絮凝物吸附效果之優異水淨化性能。另外，所述質量組成比係可根據乾燥質量來計算。 The mass composition ratio of the powder of the long capsule jute to the polymer flocculant is preferably 9:1~1:9; 5:5~1:9 is more preferred; and 3:7~1:9 is the best. Within this mass composition ratio range, the excellent water purification performance with sufficient micro-floc adsorption effect can be exerted. In addition, the mass composition ratio can be calculated based on the dry mass.
所述造粒物質呈現以下特性。 The granulated material exhibits the following properties.
<<累積10%體積粒徑D10、累積90%體積粒徑D90>> <<Cumulative 10% volume particle size D 10 , Cumulative 90% volume particle size D 90 >>
本發明所規範造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10係為100μm以上且400μm以下，且累積90%體積粒徑D90為800μm以上且1,200μm以下。 The granulated material specified in the present invention has a cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of 100 μm or more and 400 μm or less, and a cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 of 800 μm or more and 1,200 μm or less.
當造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為100μm以上且400μm以下，且累積90%體積粒子D90為800μm以下時，可使基於長蒴黃麻的粉末的微絮凝物吸附效果得到充分的發揮。 When the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material is 100 μm or more and 400 μm or less, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 is 800 μm or less, the microfloc adsorption effect of the powder of Cordata fusca can be fully exerted.
當造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10小於100μm時，存在著產生細粉，使得製造時產生缺陷或是投料時產生粉塵的疑慮。 When the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material is less than 100μm, there is a concern that fine powder will be produced, causing defects during manufacturing or dust during feeding.
另一方面，當D90大於1200μm時，產生不溶解成分，存在著配管堵塞或是水處理效率惡化的疑慮。 On the other hand, when D 90 is greater than 1200 μm, insoluble components are generated, and there is a concern that pipe clogging or water treatment efficiency deteriorates.
此外，當D10大於400時、以及當D90小於800μm時，造粒物質D50(中值直徑)可能偏離發揮良好水淨化性能的範圍。 In addition, when D10 is greater than 400, and when D90 is less than 800 μm, D50 (median diameter) of the granulated material may deviate from the range for exerting good water purification performance.
於此，將根據體積基準的粒度分布所測量的小粒徑端側起算的10%累積部分的粒徑稱為累積10%體積粒徑D10；將根據體積基準的粒度分布所測量的小粒徑端側起算的90%累積部分的粒徑稱為累積90%體積粒徑D90。 Here, the particle size of the 10% cumulative portion from the small particle size end measured based on the volume-based particle size distribution is referred to as the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 ; and the particle size of the 90% cumulative portion from the small particle size end measured based on the volume-based particle size distribution is referred to as the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 .
此外，所述D10及D90可藉由例如Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)等市售的粒度分布測量器來進行測量。 In addition, the D10 and D90 can be measured by a commercially available particle size distribution measuring instrument such as Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
<造粒物質的製造方法> <Method for producing granulated material>
本發明所規範的造粒物質係可藉由下述製造方法製造，所述製造方法包含：捏合步驟，混合長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑，加入水分進行捏合，以獲得捏合物；拉伸‧片狀化步驟，藉由拉伸法將所述捏合物成型為片狀，以獲得片狀的成型物；乾燥步驟，使所獲得的片狀的成型物乾燥，以獲得經乾燥的片材；及粉碎步驟，將經乾燥的片材粉碎。 The granulated material specified in the present invention can be manufactured by the following manufacturing method, which comprises: a kneading step, mixing the powder of long-capsule jute and the polymer flocculant, adding water for kneading to obtain a kneaded product; a stretching and sheeting step, forming the kneaded product into a sheet by stretching to obtain a sheet-shaped molded product; a drying step, drying the obtained sheet-shaped molded product to obtain a dried sheet; and a pulverizing step, pulverizing the dried sheet.
進一步地，還可於所述粉碎步驟之後，包含藉由篩子來對造粒物質進行分級的分級步驟。 Furthermore, after the pulverizing step, a classification step of classifying the granulated material by a sieve may be included.
本案發明人藉由實驗確認，於進行造粒時，若對捏合物施加過大的剪力(Shear)，會使得高分子絮凝劑進入長蒴黃麻的纖維的多孔部分。 The inventor of this case confirmed through experiments that if excessive shear force is applied to the kneaded product during granulation, the high molecular weight flocculant will enter the porous part of the fiber of long capsule jute.
造粒物質中係形成有藉由長蒴黃麻的纖維結構，而存在著具大量的孔洞的空隙(多孔)的多孔質形狀。 The granulated material has a porous shape with a large number of holes (porous) formed by the fiber structure of long capsule jute.
當基於拉伸‧片狀化步驟以造粒法來製造造粒物質時，可控制施加至捏合物的剪力，以如此拉伸‧片狀化步驟所製造出的造粒物質係可充分地確保長蒴黃麻與廢水接觸的多孔部分，並且呈現對無機系不必要物質的良好吸附效果。 When the granulated material is produced by the granulation method based on the stretching and flaking step, the shear force applied to the kneaded material can be controlled, so that the granulated material produced by the stretching and flaking step can fully ensure the porous part of the long capsule jute in contact with the wastewater, and show a good adsorption effect on inorganic unnecessary substances.
進一步地，於所述拉伸‧片狀化步驟當中，當藉由輥來緩慢地拉伸捏合物時，逐步地形成具有特定厚度的片狀成型物質。根據此方法可在將捏合物的黏度保持於良好的狀態下來製造成型物，研判此情況或為長蒴黃麻的吸附效果得到了發揮，並且進而有效地發揮作用的關係。 Furthermore, in the stretching and sheeting step, when the kneaded material is slowly stretched by the roller, a sheet-shaped material with a specific thickness is gradually formed. According to this method, the shaped material can be produced while maintaining the viscosity of the kneaded material in a good state. It is judged that this may be because the adsorption effect of long-capsule jute has been brought into play and then effectively played a role.
於所述捏合步驟當中，將長蒴黃麻的乾燥產物進行粗碎，接著進行細碎，獲得所需大小的長蒴黃麻之粉末，之後，將所得到的長蒴黃麻之粉末、高分子絮凝劑混合，加入水分進行捏合。 In the kneading step, the dried product of Cordata edulis is coarsely crushed and then finely crushed to obtain Cordata edulis powder of the required size. Afterwards, the obtained Cordata edulis powder and polymer flocculant are mixed and water is added for kneading.
於此，作為水的添加量，舉例來說，相對於混合了長蒴黃麻的粉末及高分子絮凝劑的合計質量，係以加入例如約3倍的質量的水為較佳。 Here, as for the amount of water to be added, for example, it is preferable to add about 3 times the mass of water relative to the total mass of the mixed powder of long capsule jute and the polymer flocculant.
捏合係可使用混合機進行，例如行星式混合機等直立式的混合機等，並且以將旋轉速度及時間設定為特定範圍內進行較佳。 Kneading can be performed using a mixer, such as a vertical mixer such as a planetary mixer, and it is best to set the rotation speed and time within a specific range.
混合機中的捏合時旋轉速度及時間，係可在考量長蒴黃麻的粉末與高分子絮凝劑的混合比等條件下來進行適當的設定，舉例來說，旋轉速度以20rpm~150rpm為較佳，時間以5分鐘~25分鐘為較佳。 The rotation speed and time during kneading in the mixer can be appropriately set by considering the mixing ratio of the powder of long-capsule jute and the polymer flocculant. For example, the rotation speed is preferably 20rpm~150rpm, and the time is preferably 5 minutes~25 minutes.
於此拉伸‧片狀化步驟當中，藉由對所得到的捏合物使用輥的拉伸法，可使其延伸並成型為片狀，使得厚度為4mm~20mm，且較佳為約10mm。 In this stretching and sheeting step, the obtained kneaded product can be stretched and formed into a sheet by using a roller stretching method, so that the thickness is 4mm~20mm, and preferably about 10mm.
透過對於所述捏合步驟當中的長蒴黃麻的粉末與高分子之混合比例、加水量、混合速度(捏合時的混合機的旋轉速度)、混合時間(混合機當中的捏合時間)等條件；或是於所述拉伸‧片狀化步驟當中的拉伸條件，予以適當地變更，來控制施加至捏合物的剪力。 The shear force applied to the kneaded product can be controlled by appropriately changing the mixing ratio of the powder of long-capsule jute and the polymer, the amount of water added, the mixing speed (the rotation speed of the mixer during kneading), the mixing time (the kneading time in the mixer), etc. in the kneading step; or the stretching conditions in the stretching and flaking step.
於所述乾燥步驟當中，較佳地，對於所獲得的成型物，使用多段式熱風乾燥機，以80~150℃溫度進行2小時~12小時乾燥。 In the drying step, preferably, the obtained molded product is dried using a multi-stage hot air dryer at a temperature of 80-150°C for 2 hours to 12 hours.
於所述粉碎步驟當中，較佳地，使用粉碎機，例如氣流式超細粉碎機來進行粉碎，使得中值直徑為250μm~850μm範圍內。 In the pulverizing step, preferably, a pulverizer, such as an air flow type ultrafine pulverizer, is used to pulverize so that the median diameter is within the range of 250μm to 850μm.
於所述分級步驟當中，使用分級機，例如振動篩選機、或是卡匣式篩選機，對經粉碎的粉末進行造粒物質的分級，使得累積10%體積粒徑D10為100μm以上且400μm以下；且累積90%體積粒徑D90為800μm以上且1,200μm以下。 In the classification step, a classifier, such as a vibrating screen or a cassette screen, is used to classify the pulverized powder into granules so that the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 is greater than 100 μm and less than 400 μm; and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 is greater than 800 μm and less than 1,200 μm.
再者，更佳地，可於本發明當中，透過篩選而積極地進行區別‧排除(cut)小於100μm的造粒物質或是大於1,200μm的造粒物質，僅使用粒徑為100μm以上且1,200μm以下範圍內的造粒物質。 Furthermore, more preferably, in the present invention, granulation materials smaller than 100 μm or larger than 1,200 μm can be actively distinguished and excluded by screening, and only granulation materials with a particle size of more than 100 μm and less than 1,200 μm can be used.
(水淨化方法) (Water purification method)
本發明的水淨化方法係為藉著將上述本發明的水淨化劑溶於水中，來獲得長蒴黃麻的粉末與高分子絮凝劑的分散液，並且將所述分散液提供至廢水中，以除去廢水中的無機系不必要物質。 The water purification method of the present invention is to dissolve the water purifier of the present invention in water to obtain a dispersion of the powder of Cordata edulis and a polymer flocculant, and provide the dispersion to wastewater to remove inorganic unnecessary substances in the wastewater.
作為所述無機系不必要物質，可列舉例如具有鎳、氟、鐵、銅、鋅、鉻、砷、鎘、錫及鉛當中的至少一種的無機系不必要物質等。 Examples of the inorganic unnecessary substances include inorganic unnecessary substances containing at least one of nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, tin and lead.
針對本發明之水淨化方法具體進行說明。 The water purification method of the present invention is described in detail.
對於廢水中的無機系不必要物質中的鎳離子、氟離子、鐵離子等的無機離子施加添加無機絮凝劑的不溶解化處理，以形成微絮凝物。提供0.1質量%~0.2質量%水溶液的分散液至此廢水中。接著，使微絮凝物絮凝沉降，將沉降並分離的沉澱物去除，以淨化廢水。 Inorganic ions such as nickel ions, fluorine ions, and iron ions in the inorganic unnecessary substances in the wastewater are subjected to insolubilization treatment by adding inorganic flocculants to form micro-flocculates. A dispersion of 0.1% to 0.2% aqueous solution is provided to the wastewater. Then, the micro-flocculates are flocculated and settled, and the settled and separated precipitates are removed to purify the wastewater.
所述不溶解化處理當中，先將鹼加進廢水中以使廢水呈鹼性，再添加無機絮凝劑以使所述無機離子不溶解化。 In the insolubilization treatment, alkali is first added to the wastewater to make it alkaline, and then an inorganic flocculant is added to insolubilize the inorganic ions.
作為無機絮凝劑，可列舉例如氯化鐵(II)、聚硫酸鐵(II)、硫酸鐵(I)、硫酸鋁、聚氯化鋁(PAC)、熟石灰等。 As inorganic flocculants, there are ferric chloride (II), polyferric sulfate (II), ferric sulfate (I), aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), slaked lime, etc.
無機絮凝劑的使用量可不特別限制，可根據廢水的種類、廢水中的無機系不必要物質的量、無機絮凝劑的種類等來作不同調整，無法一概地規範，惟以4,500ppm以下為較佳；又以4,000ppm以下為更佳。 The amount of inorganic flocculants used is not particularly limited and can be adjusted according to the type of wastewater, the amount of inorganic unnecessary substances in the wastewater, the type of inorganic flocculants, etc. It cannot be regulated in general, but it is better to be below 4,500ppm; and it is even better to be below 4,000ppm.
此外，將鹼添加至廢水，並且添加無機絮凝劑之後，且於添加本發明之水淨化劑之前，亦可單獨地添加高分子絮凝劑。若於添加本發明之水淨化劑之前，先單獨地添加高分子絮凝劑，可提高廢水中的微絮凝物的絮凝物尺寸。 In addition, after adding alkali to wastewater and adding inorganic flocculants, and before adding the water purifier of the present invention, a polymer flocculant can also be added separately. If a polymer flocculant is added separately before adding the water purifier of the present invention, the floc size of micro-flocs in the wastewater can be increased.
[實施例] [Implementation example]
以下說明本發明之實施例，但本發明並不受此等實施例的任何限制。 The following describes the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
(實施例1) (Implementation Example 1)
<廢水> <Wastewater>
作為要處理的廢水，使用Zn、Ni系的原水廢水(Zn濃度：300ppm；Ni濃度：100ppm)。 As the wastewater to be treated, Zn and Ni-based raw water (Zn concentration: 300ppm; Ni concentration: 100ppm) was used.
<初級絮凝> <Primary flocculation>
接著，將作為無機絮凝劑的聚氯化鋁(PAC)添加5,000ppm至所述廢水中，一邊添加氫氧化鈉一邊進行攪拌，使其pH變成8.0。藉由此操作使得廢水分離為包含微絮凝物的上清液及沉澱物。 Next, 5,000 ppm of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) as an inorganic flocculant was added to the wastewater, and sodium hydroxide was added while stirring to adjust the pH to 8.0. This operation separated the wastewater into a supernatant containing microflocs and a precipitate.
<製作水淨化劑> <Making water purifier>
接著，透過下述所示製造方法來製造長蒴黃麻(中國長沙市生產)、高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))、Flopan An913、於側鏈具有羧酸鹽的聚丙烯醯胺，SNF股份有限公司製)之質量組成比為2：8的造粒物質，得到造粒物質，並且將此造粒物質作為水淨化劑A1來使用。 Next, a granulated material with a mass composition ratio of 2:8 of long capsule jute (produced in Changsha, China), polymer flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)), Flopan An913, and polyacrylamide with carboxylic acid salt in the side chain, produced by SNF Co., Ltd.) was produced by the following production method, and the granulated material was used as water purifier A1.
<<水淨化劑的製造方法>> <<Method for producing water purifier>>
對於將長蒴黃麻的粉末1500g與高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))6000g混合而成的固體成分，加入相對於該固體成分3倍質量的水獲得捏合物(長蒴黃麻的粉末+高分子絮凝劑+水=30kg)，將該捏合物放入行星式混合機(愛工舍製作所股份有限公司製，混合機ACM-110，容量110L)，以旋轉速度80rpm，混合15分鐘的條件下施加剪力進行捏合。 For the solid component obtained by mixing 1500g of long capsule jute powder and 6000g of high molecular weight flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)), water 3 times the mass of the solid component was added to obtain a kneaded product (long capsule jute powder + high molecular weight flocculant + water = 30kg), and the kneaded product was placed in a planetary mixer (Ai Kosha Manufacturing Co., Ltd., mixer ACM-110, capacity 110L), and kneaded under the conditions of a rotation speed of 80rpm and mixing for 15 minutes while applying shear force.
使用壓製機(小松產機股份有限公司製，45t壓製機)，對所獲得的捏合物施加基於輥所進行的拉伸，以製作厚度約10mm的片狀的成型物。 The obtained kneaded product was stretched by a roller using a press machine (manufactured by Komatsu Industries Co., Ltd., 45t press machine) to produce a sheet-shaped molded product with a thickness of about 10 mm.
使用多階熱風式乾燥機(七洋製作所股份有限公司製，架式烘烤裝置)，以120℃乾燥3小時，接著以150℃乾燥2小時，來乾燥此成型物。 Use a multi-stage hot air dryer (made by Chiyo Manufacturing Co., Ltd., rack-type baking device) to dry the molded product at 120°C for 3 hours and then at 150°C for 2 hours.
接著，使用氣流式超細粉碎機(增幸產業股份有限公司製，CerenMiller)，將經乾燥的片材粉碎。 Next, use an air flow ultrafine pulverizer (CerenMiller, manufactured by Zengxing Industry Co., Ltd.) to pulverize the dried sheets.
接下來，如下述般地，以(A)為60%(B)為20%(C)為20%之比例來將所獲得粉碎物進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為282μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為962μm。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10以及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 Next, the obtained pulverized materials were mixed in a ratio of (A) 60%, (B) 20%, and (C) 20% as follows, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 282 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 962 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於1000μm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 1000μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選；粒徑小於250μm者以標稱開孔250μm(網目No.60)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50); particles with a diameter less than 250μm are screened with a nominal opening of 250μm (mesh No. 60) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1000μm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1000μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20) and removed.
藉由上述方式，可獲得造粒物質，設定此造粒物質為水淨化劑A1。 Through the above method, a granulated material can be obtained, and this granulated material is set as water purifier A1.
<淨化處理> <Purification treatment>
接著，將所得到的水淨化劑A1溶於水中，製作0.1質量%水溶液的分散液。一邊攪拌包含所述微絮凝物的上清液與沉澱物所組成的廢水，一邊以3mL/min的速度來滴加此分散液。此時，添加水淨化劑A1，以使得相對於所述廢水中的固體成分為15ppm。於此，「固體成分」的測量方法係以水分測定儀來量測廢水中的漿料濃度，並進行反算而求得。 Next, the obtained water purifier A1 was dissolved in water to prepare a dispersion of 0.1 mass% aqueous solution. While stirring the wastewater composed of the supernatant and precipitate containing the microflocculates, the dispersion was added dropwise at a rate of 3mL/min. At this time, the water purifier A1 was added so that the solid content in the wastewater was 15ppm. Here, the measurement method of "solid content" is to measure the slurry concentration in the wastewater with a moisture meter and calculate it by reverse calculation.
滴加之後，維持1分鐘攪拌之後，以下述方式測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表1所示。 After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 1 minute, and then the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured in the following manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
<測量Zn、Ni濃度> <Measurement of Zn and Ni concentrations>
對停止攪拌後過了60秒之後的上清液進行取樣，以高頻感應耦合電漿放射分光裝置ICP-AES(SPECTRO公司製)來測量Zn濃度、Ni濃度。 The supernatant was sampled 60 seconds after the stirring was stopped, and the Zn concentration and Ni concentration were measured using a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer ICP-AES (manufactured by SPECTRO).
<懸浮物質(SS)的量> <Amount of suspended matter (SS)>
對停止攪拌後過了2分鐘之後的上清液進行取樣，以分光光度計(DR2800，哈希公司製)，測量波長810nm的吸光度，藉此測量出懸浮物質(SS)的量。 The supernatant was sampled 2 minutes after the stirring was stopped, and the absorbance at a wavelength of 810 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (DR2800, manufactured by Hach Company) to measure the amount of suspended matter (SS).
<汙泥含水率> <Sludge moisture content>
過濾並且回收測試水，測量其汙泥的質量A。接著，測量於105℃的烘烤箱中變成絕對乾燥狀態(水分含量為0.05%以下)的汙泥質量B。於此，在進行水分含量的確認上，使用加熱乾燥式水分測定儀MX-50(A&D公司製造)。藉此，將汙泥中所含水分的質量(A-B)除以汙泥的質量(A)並以百分率表示，以求出汙泥含水率。 Filter and recover the test water, and measure the mass A of the sludge. Then, measure the mass B of the sludge that has become absolutely dry (water content is less than 0.05%) in a 105°C oven. Here, the heated drying moisture meter MX-50 (manufactured by A&D) is used to confirm the moisture content. In this way, the mass of water contained in the sludge (A-B) is divided by the mass of the sludge (A) and expressed as a percentage to obtain the sludge moisture content.
(實施例2) (Example 2)
除了將於實施例1的<初級絮凝>當中的聚氯化鋁(PAC)的添加量變更為4,375ppm以外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表1所示。 Except that the amount of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) added in the <primary flocculation> of Example 1 was changed to 4,375 ppm, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 1, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
(實施例3) (Implementation Example 3)
除了將於實施例1的<初級絮凝>當中的聚氯化鋁(PAC)的添加量變更為3,750ppm以外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表1所示。 Except that the amount of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) added in the <primary flocculation> of Example 1 was changed to 3,750 ppm, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 1, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
(實施例4) (Implementation Example 4)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%之比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為100μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為80μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as described below in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 100 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 80 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於150μm者以標稱開孔150μm(網目No.100)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 150μm are screened with a nominal opening of 150μm (mesh No. 100) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於125μm者以標稱開孔125μm(網目No.120)進行篩選；粒徑小於75μm者以標稱開孔75μm(網目No.200)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 125μm are screened with a nominal opening of 125μm (mesh No. 120); particles with a diameter less than 75μm are screened with a nominal opening of 75μm (mesh No. 200) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於710μm者以標稱開孔710μm(網目No.25)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 710μm are screened with a nominal opening of 710μm (mesh No. 25) and removed.
使用所得到造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1，以與實施例2同樣方式，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表1所示。 Using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 1.
(實施例5) (Example 5)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為400μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為1200μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The same method as in Example 1 was used to obtain a granulated material except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as described below, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 400 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 1200 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於1180μm者以標稱開孔1.18mm(網目No.16)進行篩選；粒徑小於500μm者以標稱開孔500μm(網目No.35)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1.18mm (mesh No. 16); particles with a diameter less than 500μm are screened with a nominal opening of 500μm (mesh No. 35) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選；粒徑小於355μm者以標稱開孔355μm(網目No.45)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 425μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425μm (mesh No. 40); particles with a diameter less than 355μm are screened with a nominal opening of 355μm (mesh No. 45) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1400μm者以標稱開孔1.4mm(網目No.14)進行篩選；粒徑小於1000μm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1400μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1.4mm (mesh No. 14); particles with a diameter less than 1000μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表3所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
(實施例6) (Implementation Example 6)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)20%為之比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為200μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為900μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as follows in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 200 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 900 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments Co., Ltd.).
(A)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於150μm者以標稱開孔150μm(網目No.100)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 150μm are screened with a nominal opening of 150μm (mesh No. 100) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於250μm者以標稱開孔250μm(網目No.60)進行篩選；粒徑小於150μm者以標稱開孔150μm(網目No.100)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 250μm are screened with a nominal opening of 250μm (mesh No. 60); particles with a diameter less than 150μm are screened with a nominal opening of 150μm (mesh No. 100) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選；粒徑小於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16); particles with a diameter less than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20) and removed.
使用所得到造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1，以與實施例2同樣方式，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表2所示。 Using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
(實施例7) (Implementation Example 7)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%之比例來進行混合，且造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為350μm，且累積90%體積粒徑D90為1100μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as described below in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was 350 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was 1100 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於1000μm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 1000μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 425μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425μm (mesh No. 40) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選；粒徑小於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 425μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425μm (mesh No. 40); particles with a diameter less than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選；粒徑小於1mm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16); particles with a diameter less than 1mm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18) and removed.
使用所得到造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1，以與實施例2同樣方式，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表2所示。 Using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
(實施例8) (Implementation Example 8)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中變更為長蒴黃麻的粉末750g；高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))6750g。除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質，其長蒴黃麻與高分子絮凝劑的質量組成比係為1：9，並且設定此造粒物質為水淨化劑A2。 The <<Method for producing a water purifier>> in Example 1 was changed to 750g of powdered Cordata edulis and 6750g of polymer flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)). In addition, the same method as Example 1 was used to obtain a granulated material, in which the mass composition ratio of Cordata edulis to the polymer flocculant was 1:9, and the granulated material was set as water purifier A2.
除了使用所獲得的水淨化劑A2之外，以與實施例2同樣方式進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表2所示。 In addition to using the obtained water purifier A2, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
(實施例9) (Implementation Example 9)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中變更為長蒴黃麻的粉末2250g；高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))5250g。除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質，其長蒴黃麻與高分子絮凝劑的質量組成比係為3：7，並且設定此造粒物質為水淨化劑A3。 The <<Method for producing a water purifier>> in Example 1 was changed to 2250g of powder of long-capsule jute and 5250g of polymer flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)). In addition, the same method as Example 1 was used to obtain a granulated material, in which the mass composition ratio of long-capsule jute to polymer flocculant was 3:7, and the granulated material was set as water purifier A3.
除了使用所獲得的水淨化劑A3之外，以與實施例2同樣方式進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表2所示。 In addition to using the obtained water purifier A3, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
(實施例10) (Example 10)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中，將高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))變更為高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM2)，商品名稱Flopan AN934，SNF股份有限公司製造，於側鏈具有丙烯酸鹽的聚丙烯醯胺)。除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式獲得造粒物質。 In the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, the polymer flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)) is replaced with a polymer flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM2), trade name Flopan AN934, manufactured by SNF Co., Ltd., polyacrylamide having an acrylic acid salt in the side chain). In addition, a granulated material is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
除了使用所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A4之外，以與實施例2同樣方式進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表2所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A4 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
(比較例1) (Comparison Example 1)
除了於實施例1當中，使用由高分子絮凝劑A(N-110，MT奧科高分子股份有限公司製)所組成水淨化劑A5來取代水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表3所示。 In Example 1, except that the water purifier A5 composed of polymer flocculant A (N-110, manufactured by MT Aoke Polymer Co., Ltd.) was used to replace the water purifier A1, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 1, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
(比較例2) (Comparison Example 2)
除了於實施例2當中，使用由高分子絮凝劑A(N-110，MT奧科高分子股份有限公司製)所組成水淨化劑A5來取代水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表3所示。 In Example 2, except that the water purifier A5 composed of polymer flocculant A (N-110, manufactured by MT Aoke Polymer Co., Ltd.) was used to replace the water purifier A1, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
(比較例3) (Comparison Example 3)
除了於實施例3當中，使用由高分子絮凝劑A(N-110，MT奧科高分子股份有限公司製)所組成水淨化劑A5來取代水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例3同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表3所示。 In Example 3, except that water purifier A5 composed of polymer flocculant A (N-110, manufactured by MT Aoke Polymer Co., Ltd.) was used to replace water purifier A1, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 3, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
(比較例4) (Comparison Example 4)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%之比例來進行混合，且造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為90μm，累積90%體積粒徑D90為790μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was 90 μm and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was 790 μm. The cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)造粒物質總量的60%當中，粒徑大於710μm者以標稱開孔710μm(網目No.25)進行篩選；粒徑小於150μm者以標稱開孔150μm(網目No.100)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Among 60% of the total amount of granulated materials, particles with a diameter greater than 710μm are screened with a nominal opening of 710μm (mesh No. 25); particles with a diameter less than 150μm are screened with a nominal opening of 150μm (mesh No. 100) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於75μm者以標稱開孔75μm(網目No.200)進行篩選；粒徑小於106μm者以標稱開孔106μm(網目No.140)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 75μm are screened with a nominal opening of 75μm (mesh No. 200); particles with a diameter less than 106μm are screened with a nominal opening of 106μm (mesh No. 140) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於710μm者以標稱開孔710μ(網目No.25)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 710μm are screened with a nominal opening of 710μ (mesh No. 25) and removed.
除了使用所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣方式進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表3所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
(比較例5) (Comparison Example 5)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%之比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為410μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為1210μm，除此之外，以與 實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as follows in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 410 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 1210 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments Co., Ltd.).
(A)粒徑大於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選；粒徑小於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16); particles with a diameter less than 425μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425μm (mesh No. 40) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選；粒徑小於355μm者以標稱開孔355μm(網目No.45)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 425μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425μm (mesh No. 40); particles with a diameter less than 355μm are screened with a nominal opening of 355μm (mesh No. 45) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1400μm者以標稱開孔1400μm(網目No.14)進行篩選；粒徑小於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1400μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1400μm (mesh No. 14); particles with a diameter less than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表3所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
(比較例6) (Comparison Example 6)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為90μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為962μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as follows in the <<Production Method of Water Purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 90 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 962 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Instrument Co., Ltd.).
(A)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於106μm者以標稱開孔106μm(網目No.140)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 106μm are screened with a nominal opening of 106μm (mesh No. 140) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於106μm者以標稱開孔106μm(網目No.140)進行篩選；粒徑小於75μm者以標稱開孔75μm(網目No.200)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 106μm are screened with a nominal opening of 106μm (mesh No. 140); particles with a diameter less than 75μm are screened with a nominal opening of 75μm (mesh No. 200) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1mm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1 mm are screened with a nominal opening of 1 mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 850 μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850 μm (mesh No. 20) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表4所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
(比較例7) (Comparison Example 7)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%比例來進行混合，且造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為282μm，累積90%體積粒徑D90為790μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was 282 μm and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was 790 μm. The cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選；粒徑小於250μm者以標稱開孔250μm(網目No.60)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50); particles with a diameter less than 250μm are screened with a nominal opening of 250μm (mesh No. 60) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於710μm者以標稱開孔710μm(網目No.25)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 710μm are screened with a nominal opening of 710μm (mesh No. 25) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表4所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
(比較例8) (Comparison Example 8)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為410μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為962μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as follows in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 410 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 962 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments Co., Ltd.).
(A)粒徑大於1mm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 1 mm are screened with a nominal opening of 1 mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 425 μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425 μm (mesh No. 40) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於425μm者以標稱開孔425μm(網目No.40)進行篩選；粒徑小於355μm者以標稱開孔355μm(網目No.45)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 425μm are screened with a nominal opening of 425μm (mesh No. 40); particles with a diameter less than 355μm are screened with a nominal opening of 355μm (mesh No. 45) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1mm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1 mm are screened with a nominal opening of 1 mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 850 μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850 μm (mesh No. 20) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表4所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
(比較例9) (Comparative Example 9)
將於實施例1的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為282μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為1210μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The granulated material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% as follows in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 1, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 282 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 1210 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選；粒徑小於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50); particles with a diameter less than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選；粒徑小於250μm者以標稱開孔250μm(網目No.60)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50); particles with a diameter less than 250μm are screened with a nominal opening of 250μm (mesh No. 60) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1400μm者以標稱開孔1400μm(網目No.14)進行篩選；粒徑小於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1400μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1400μm (mesh No. 14); particles with a diameter less than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「Zn濃度及Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表4所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "the amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "the sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
(比較例10) (Comparison Example 10)
除了於實施例2當中，使用由長蒴黃麻所組成之水淨化劑6來取代水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例2同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Zn濃度與Ni濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表4所示。 In Example 2, except that water purifier 6 composed of long capsule jute was used to replace water purifier A1, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 2, and the "Zn concentration and Ni concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
(實施例11) (Implementation Example 11)
<廢水> <Wastewater>
作為要處理的廢水，使用氟系的原水廢水(F濃度：1,000ppm)。 As the wastewater to be treated, fluorine-containing raw water (F concentration: 1,000ppm) is used.
<初級絮凝> <Primary flocculation>
接著，將作為無機絮凝劑的15質量%的熟石灰2,000ppm添加至所述廢水中，一邊添加5質量%H2SO4一邊進行攪拌，使其pH變成8。藉由此操作使得廢水分離為包含微絮凝物的上清液及沉澱物。 Next, 2,000 ppm of 15 mass% slaked lime as an inorganic flocculant was added to the wastewater, and 5 mass% H2SO4 was added while stirring to adjust the pH to 8. By this operation, the wastewater was separated into a supernatant containing microflocs and a precipitate.
<製作水淨化劑> <Making water purifier>
接著，透過下述所示製造方法來製造長蒴黃麻(中國長沙市生產)、高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))、Flopan An913、於側鏈具有羧酸鹽的聚丙烯醯胺，SNF股份有限公司製)之質量組成比為2：8的造粒物質，得到造粒物質，並且將此造粒物質作為水淨化劑B1來使用。 Next, a granulated material with a mass composition ratio of 2:8 of long capsule jute (produced in Changsha, China), polymer flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)), Flopan An913, and polyacrylamide with carboxylic acid salt in the side chain, produced by SNF Co., Ltd.) was produced by the following production method, and the granulated material was used as water purifier B1.
<<水淨化劑的製造方法>> <<Method for producing water purifier>>
對於將長蒴黃麻的粉末1500g與高分子絮凝劑(聚丙烯醯胺(PAM1))6000g混合而成的固體成分，加入相對於該固體成分3倍質量的水獲得捏合物(長蒴黃麻的粉末+高分子絮凝劑+水=30kg)，將該捏合物放入行星式混合機(愛工舍製作所股份有限公司製，混合機ACM-110，容量110L)，以旋轉速度80rpm，混合15分鐘的條件下施加剪力進行捏合。 For the solid component obtained by mixing 1500g of long capsule jute powder and 6000g of high molecular weight flocculant (polyacrylamide (PAM1)), water 3 times the mass of the solid component was added to obtain a kneaded product (long capsule jute powder + high molecular weight flocculant + water = 30kg), and the kneaded product was placed in a planetary mixer (Ai Kosha Manufacturing Co., Ltd., mixer ACM-110, capacity 110L), and kneaded under the conditions of a rotation speed of 80rpm and mixing for 15 minutes while applying shear force.
使用壓製機(小松產機股份有限公司製，45t壓製機)，對所獲得的捏合物施加基於輥所進行的拉伸，以製作厚度約10mm的片狀的成型物。 The obtained kneaded product was stretched by a roller using a press machine (manufactured by Komatsu Industries Co., Ltd., 45t press machine) to produce a sheet-shaped molded product with a thickness of about 10 mm.
使用多階熱風式乾燥機(七洋製作所股份有限公司製，架式烘烤裝置)，以120℃乾燥3小時，接著以150℃乾燥2小時。 Use a multi-stage hot air dryer (made by Chiyo Manufacturing Co., Ltd., rack-type baking device) to dry at 120°C for 3 hours, and then at 150°C for 2 hours.
接著，使用氣流式超細粉碎機(增幸產業股份有限公司製，CerenMiller)，將經乾燥的片材粉碎。 Next, use an air flow ultrafine pulverizer (CerenMiller, manufactured by Zengxing Industry Co., Ltd.) to pulverize the dried sheets.
接下來，如下述般地，以(A)為60%(B)為20%(C)為20%之比例來將所獲得粉碎物進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為282μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為962μm。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10以及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 Next, the obtained pulverized materials were mixed in a ratio of (A) 60%, (B) 20%, and (C) 20% as follows, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 282 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 962 μm. In addition, the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於1000μm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 1000μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於300μm者以標稱開孔300μm(網目No.50)進行篩選；粒徑小於250μm者以標稱開孔250μm(網目No.60)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 300μm are screened with a nominal opening of 300μm (mesh No. 50); particles with a diameter less than 250μm are screened with a nominal opening of 250μm (mesh No. 60) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1000μm者以標稱開孔1mm(網目No.18)進行篩選；粒徑小於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1000μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1mm (mesh No. 18); particles with a diameter less than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20) and removed.
藉由上述方式，可獲得造粒物質，設定此造粒物質為水淨化劑B1。 Through the above method, a granulated material can be obtained, and this granulated material is set as water purifier B1.
<淨化處理> <Purification treatment>
接著，將所得到的水淨化劑B1溶於水中，製作0.1質量%水溶液的分散液。一邊攪拌包含所述微絮凝物的上清液與沉澱物所組成的廢水，一邊以3mL/min的速度來滴加此分散液。此時，添加水淨化劑B1，以使得相對於所述廢水中的固體成分為4.5ppm。於此，「固體成分」的測量方法係以水分測定儀來量測廢水中的漿料濃度，並進行反算而求得。 Next, the obtained water purifier B1 was dissolved in water to prepare a dispersion of 0.1 mass% aqueous solution. While stirring the wastewater composed of the supernatant and precipitate containing the microflocculates, the dispersion was added dropwise at a rate of 3 mL/min. At this time, the water purifier B1 was added so that the solid content in the wastewater was 4.5 ppm. Here, the measurement method of "solid content" is to measure the slurry concentration in the wastewater with a moisture meter and calculate it by reverse calculation.
滴加之後，維持1分鐘攪拌之後，以下述方式測量「F濃度」，並以與實施例1同樣方式測量「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表5所示。 After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 1 minute, and the "F concentration" was measured in the following manner, and the "amount of suspended matter (SS)" and "sludge moisture content" were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5.
<測量F濃度> <Measure F concentration>
對停止攪拌過了2分鐘之後的上清液進行取樣，藉由Lambda(Λ)9000(共立理化學研究所製)，測量氟(F)的濃度。 The supernatant was sampled 2 minutes after stirring was stopped, and the concentration of fluorine (F) was measured using Lambda (Λ) 9000 (manufactured by Kyoritsu Rikagaku KK).
(實施例12) (Example 12)
除了將於實施例11的<初級絮凝>當中的熟石灰的添加量變更為1,800ppm以外，以與實施例11同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「F濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表5所示。 Except that the amount of slaked lime added in the <primary flocculation> of Example 11 was changed to 1,800 ppm, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 11, and the "F concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
(實施例13) (Implementation Example 13)
除了將於實施例11的<初級絮凝>當中的熟石灰的添加量變更為1,600ppm以外，以與實施例11同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「F濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表5所示。 Except that the amount of slaked lime added in the <primary flocculation> of Example 11 was changed to 1,600 ppm, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 11, and the "F concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
(實施例14) (Example 14)
將於實施例11的<<水淨化劑的製造方法>>當中如下述般地，以(A)為60%、(B)為20%、(C)為20%之比例來進行混合，且調整造粒物質的累積10%體積粒徑D10為200μm，並調整累積90%體積粒徑D90為900μm，除此之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式進行，獲得造粒物質。另外，累積10%體積粒徑D10及累積90%體積粒徑D90係藉由Mastersizer 2000(莫爾文儀器公司製)來進行測量。 The same method as in Example 1 was used to obtain a granulated material except that (A) was 60%, (B) was 20%, and (C) was 20% in the <<Method for producing a water purifier>> of Example 11, and the cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 of the granulated material was adjusted to 200 μm, and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 was adjusted to 900 μm. The cumulative 10% volume particle size D10 and the cumulative 90% volume particle size D90 were measured by Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
(A)粒徑大於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選；粒徑小於150μm者以標稱開孔150μm(網目No.100)進行篩選並予以去除。 (A) Particles with a diameter greater than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20); particles with a diameter less than 150μm are screened with a nominal opening of 150μm (mesh No. 100) and removed.
(B)粒徑大於250μm者以標稱開孔250μm(網目No.60)進行篩選；粒徑小於150μm者以標稱開孔150μm(網目No.100)進行篩選並予以去除。 (B) Particles with a diameter greater than 250μm are screened with a nominal opening of 250μm (mesh No. 60); particles with a diameter less than 150μm are screened with a nominal opening of 150μm (mesh No. 100) and removed.
(C)粒徑大於1180μm者以標稱開孔1180μm(網目No.16)進行篩選；粒徑小於850μm者以標稱開孔850μm(網目No.20)進行篩選並予以去除。 (C) Particles with a diameter greater than 1180μm are screened with a nominal opening of 1180μm (mesh No. 16); particles with a diameter less than 850μm are screened with a nominal opening of 850μm (mesh No. 20) and removed.
除了使用由所獲得的造粒物質所組成的水淨化劑B1之外，以與實施例12同樣的方式進行淨化處理，並測量「F濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表5所示。 Except for using the water purifier B1 composed of the obtained granulated material, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 12, and the "F concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
(實施例15) (Example 15)
<廢水> <Wastewater>
作為要處理的廢水，使用電鍍系的原水廢水(Cu濃度：100ppm)。 As the wastewater to be treated, the raw wastewater from the electroplating system (Cu concentration: 100ppm) was used.
<初級絮凝> <Primary flocculation>
接著，將作為無機絮凝劑的FeCl2添加200ppm至所述廢水中，一邊添加Ca(OH)2一邊進行攪拌，使其pH變成11。藉由此操作使得廢水分離為包含微絮凝物的上清液及沉澱物。 Next, 200 ppm of FeCl 2 was added to the wastewater as an inorganic flocculant, and Ca(OH) 2 was added while stirring to adjust the pH to 11. This operation separated the wastewater into a supernatant containing microflocs and a precipitate.
接著，除了於實施例1當中添加了6ppm的水淨化劑A1之外，以與實施例1同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，以下述方式測量「Cu濃度」、並且以與實施例1同樣方式測量「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表6所示。 Next, except for adding 6 ppm of water purifier A1 in Example 1, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 1, and the "Cu concentration" was measured in the following manner, and the "amount of suspended matter (SS)" and "sludge water content" were measured in the same manner as Example 1. The results are shown in Table 6.
<測量Cu濃度> <Measurement of Cu concentration>
對停止攪拌過了60秒之後的上清液進行取樣，以高頻感應耦合電漿放射分光裝置ICP-AES(SPECTRO公司製)來測量Cu濃度。 After 60 seconds of stopping stirring, the supernatant was sampled and the Cu concentration was measured using a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer ICP-AES (manufactured by SPECTRO).
(實施例16) (Example 16)
除了於實施例15當中，於<初級絮凝>當中並未添加作為無機絮凝劑之FeCl2之外，以與實施例15同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Cu濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表6所示。 Except that FeCl2 as an inorganic flocculant was not added in the <primary flocculation> in Example 15, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 15, and the "Cu concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge moisture content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
(比較例11) (Comparison Example 11)
除了於實施例15當中，使用由高分子絮凝劑A(A-120，MT奧科高分子股份有限公司製)所組成的水淨化劑A5之外，以與實施例15同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Cu濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表6所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A5 composed of polymer flocculant A (A-120, manufactured by MT Aoke Polymer Co., Ltd.) in Example 15, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 15, and the "Cu concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
(比較例12) (Comparison Example 12)
除了於實施例16當中，使用由高分子絮凝劑A(A-120，MT奧科高分子股份有限公司製)所組成的水淨化劑A5之外，以與實施例16同樣的方式，進行淨化處理，測量「Cu濃度」、「懸浮物質(SS)的量」、以及「汙泥含水率」。結果如表6所示。 In addition to using the water purifier A5 composed of polymer flocculant A (A-120, manufactured by MT Aoke Polymer Co., Ltd.) in Example 16, the purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as Example 16, and the "Cu concentration", "amount of suspended matter (SS)", and "sludge water content" were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
如上，由實施例1至16的結果可確認到，本發明之水淨化劑具有優異的水淨化性能，可減少無機絮凝劑的使用量，並且可藉由降低汙泥含水率而達到減少汙泥產生量。 As mentioned above, the results of Examples 1 to 16 confirm that the water purifier of the present invention has excellent water purification performance, can reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used, and can reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of sludge.
[產業利用性] [Industrial Utilization]
本發明之水淨化劑具有優異的水淨化性能，可減少無機絮凝劑的使用量，並且可藉由降低汙泥含水率而達到減少汙泥產生量，因此可適用於廢水處理、水淨化處理或濃縮汙泥等。 The water purifier of the present invention has excellent water purification performance, can reduce the usage of inorganic flocculants, and can reduce the amount of sludge generated by reducing the water content of sludge. Therefore, it can be applied to wastewater treatment, water purification treatment or sludge concentration, etc.
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