TWI838224B

TWI838224B - Power supply device with high output stability

Info

Publication number: TWI838224B
Application number: TW112114500A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 詹子增
Original assignee: 宏碁股份有限公司
Priority date: 2023-04-19
Filing date: 2023-04-19
Publication date: 2024-04-01

Abstract

A power supply device with high output stability includes a bridge rectifier, a transformer, a first sense resistor, a power switch element, an output stage circuit, and an MCU (Microcontroller Unit). The transformer includes a main coil and a secondary coil. A magnetizing inductor is built in the transformer. The first sense resistor is coupled in series with the magnetizing inductor. An inductive current flows through the magnetizing inductor and the first sense resistor. The MCU detects a voltage difference of the first sense resistor, so as to calculate a responsive slope of the inductive current. If the MCU determines that the responsive slope of the inductive current is abnormal, the MCU will generate an alert voltage.

Description

高輸出穩定度之電源供應器High output stability power supply

本發明係關於一種電源供應器，特別係關於一種高輸出穩定度之電源供應器。 The present invention relates to a power supply, and in particular to a power supply with high output stability.

電源供應器為筆記型電腦領域中不可或缺之元件。然而，若電源供應器之輸出穩定度不足，則很容易造成相關筆記型電腦之整體操作性能下滑。有鑑於此，勢必要提出一種全新之解決方案，以克服先前技術所面臨之困境。 The power supply is an indispensable component in the field of laptop computers. However, if the output stability of the power supply is insufficient, it will easily cause the overall operating performance of the related laptop to decline. In view of this, it is necessary to propose a new solution to overcome the difficulties faced by previous technologies.

在較佳實施例中，本發明提出一種高輸出穩定度之電源供應器，包括：一橋式整流器，根據一第一輸入電位和一第二輸入電位來產生一整流電位；一變壓器，包括一主線圈和一副線圈，其中該變壓器更內建一激磁電感器，該主線圈係用於接收該整流電位，而該副線圈係用於輸出一感應電位；一第一感測電阻器，其中該第一感測電阻器係與該激磁電感器串聯耦接，而一電感電流係流經該激磁電感器和該第一感測電阻器；一功率切換器，根據一時脈電位來選擇性地將該第一感測電阻器耦接至一接地電位；一輸出級電路，根據該感應電位來產生一輸出電位；以及一微控制器，產生該時脈電位，其中該微控制器更偵測該第一感測電阻器之一電位差，以計算出該電感電流之一響應斜率；其中若該微控制器判斷該電感電流之該響應斜率發生異常，則該微控制器更將產生一警示電位。 In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a power supply with high output stability, comprising: a bridge rectifier, generating a rectified potential according to a first input potential and a second input potential; a transformer, comprising a main coil and a secondary coil, wherein the transformer further has a built-in excitation inductor, the main coil is used to receive the rectified potential, and the secondary coil is used to output an induced potential; a first sensing resistor, wherein the first sensing resistor is coupled in series with the excitation inductor, and an inductor current flows through the excitation inductor. A magnetic inductor and the first sensing resistor; a power switch selectively coupling the first sensing resistor to a ground potential according to a clock potential; an output stage circuit generating an output potential according to the sensing potential; and a microcontroller generating the clock potential, wherein the microcontroller further detects a potential difference of the first sensing resistor to calculate a response slope of the inductor current; wherein if the microcontroller determines that the response slope of the inductor current is abnormal, the microcontroller will further generate a warning potential.

在一些實施例中，該橋式整流器包括：一第一二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第一二極體之該陽極係耦接至一第一輸入節點以接收該第一輸入電位，而該第一二極體之該陰極係耦接至一第一節點以輸出該整流電位；一第二二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第二二極體之該陽極係耦接至一第二輸入節點以接收該第二輸入電位，而該第二二極體之該陰極係耦接至該第一節點；一第三二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第三二極體之該陽極係耦接至該接地電位，而該第三二極體之該陰極係耦接至該第一輸入節點；以及一第四二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第四二極體之該陽極係耦接至該接地電位，而該第四二極體之該陰極係耦接至該第二輸入節點。 In some embodiments, the bridge rectifier includes: a first diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the first diode is coupled to a first input node to receive the first input potential, and the cathode of the first diode is coupled to a first node to output the rectified potential; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the second diode is coupled to a second input node to receive the second input potential, The cathode of the second diode is coupled to the first node; a third diode has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the third diode is coupled to the ground potential, and the cathode of the third diode is coupled to the first input node; and a fourth diode has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fourth diode is coupled to the ground potential, and the cathode of the fourth diode is coupled to the second input node.

在一些實施例中，該主線圈具有一第一端和一第二端，該主線圈之該第一端係耦接至該第一節點以接收該整流電位，該主線圈之該第二端係耦接至一第二節點，該激磁電感器具有一第一端和一第二端，該激磁電感器之該第一端係耦接至該第一節點，該激磁電感器之該第二端係耦接至一第三節點，該副線圈具有一第一端和一第二端，該副線圈之該第一端係耦接至一第四節點以輸出該感應電位，該副線圈之該第二端係耦接至一共同節點，該第一感測電阻器具有一第一端和一第二端，該第一感測電阻器之該第一端係耦接至該第三節點，而該第一感測電阻器之該第二端係耦接至該第二節點。 In some embodiments, the main coil has a first end and a second end, the first end of the main coil is coupled to the first node to receive the rectified potential, the second end of the main coil is coupled to a second node, the excitation inductor has a first end and a second end, the first end of the excitation inductor is coupled to the first node, the second end of the excitation inductor is coupled to a third node, the secondary coil has a first end and a second end, the first end of the secondary coil is coupled to a fourth node to output the induced potential, the second end of the secondary coil is coupled to a common node, the first sensing resistor has a first end and a second end, the first end of the first sensing resistor is coupled to the third node, and the second end of the first sensing resistor is coupled to the second node.

在一些實施例中，該功率切換器包括：一第一電晶體，具有一控制端、一第一端，以及一第二端，其中該第一電晶體之該控制端係用於接收該時脈電位，該第一電晶體之該第一端係耦接至一第五節點，而該第一電晶體之該第二端係耦接至該第二節點。 In some embodiments, the power switch includes: a first transistor having a control end, a first end, and a second end, wherein the control end of the first transistor is used to receive the clock potential, the first end of the first transistor is coupled to a fifth node, and the second end of the first transistor is coupled to the second node.

在一些實施例中，該電源供應器更包括：一第二感測電阻器，具有一第一端和一第二端，其中該第二感測電阻器之該第一端係耦接至該第五節點，而該第二感測電阻器之該第二端係耦接至該接地電位；其中該微控制器更由該第五節點處接收一偵測電位。 In some embodiments, the power supply further includes: a second sensing resistor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second sensing resistor is coupled to the fifth node, and the second end of the second sensing resistor is coupled to the ground potential; wherein the microcontroller further receives a detection potential from the fifth node.

在一些實施例中，該輸出級電路包括：一第二電晶體，具有一控制端、一第一端，以及一第二端，其中該第二電晶體之該控制端係用於接收一反相時脈電位，該第二電晶體之該第一端係耦接至一輸出節點以輸出該輸出電位，而該第二電晶體之該第二端係耦接至該第四節點以接收該感應電位；一輸出電容器，具有一第一端和一第二端，其中該輸出電容器之該第一端係耦接至該輸出節點，而該輸出電容器之該第二端係耦接至一第六節點；以及一第三感測電阻器，具有一第一端和一第二端，其中該第三感測電阻器之該第一端係耦接至該第六節點，而該第三感測電阻器之該第二端係耦接至該共同節點；其中該微控制器更根據該時脈電位來產生該反相時脈電位；其中該微控制器更由該第六節點處接收一回授電位。 In some embodiments, the output stage circuit includes: a second transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal of the second transistor is used to receive an inverted clock potential, the first terminal of the second transistor is coupled to an output node to output the output potential, and the second terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the fourth node to receive the induced potential; an output capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the output capacitor The first end is coupled to the output node, and the second end of the output capacitor is coupled to a sixth node; and a third sensing resistor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the third sensing resistor is coupled to the sixth node, and the second end of the third sensing resistor is coupled to the common node; wherein the microcontroller further generates the inverted clock potential according to the clock potential; wherein the microcontroller further receives a feedback potential from the sixth node.

在一些實施例中，若該微控制器判斷該偵測電位於一特定時間點時初次下降至0，則該微控制器即準備好要持續地監控該電感電流之該響應斜率。 In some embodiments, if the microcontroller determines that the detection potential drops to 0 for the first time at a specific time point, the microcontroller is ready to continuously monitor the response slope of the inductor current.

在一些實施例中，在該特定時間點之後，當該時脈電位具有高邏輯位準時，該微控制器即根據該第一感測電阻器之該電位差來計算出該電感電流之一取樣斜率。 In some embodiments, after the specific time point, when the clock potential has a high logic level, the microcontroller calculates a sampling slope of the inductor current according to the potential difference of the first sensing resistor.

在一些實施例中，在該特定時間點之後，當該時脈電位具有低邏輯位準時，該微控制器即於複數個偵測時間區間內將該電感電流之該響應斜率與該取樣斜率之一相反數作比較，而其中若該電感電流之該響應斜率與該取樣斜率之該相反數兩者不相等，則該微控制器將判斷該電感電流之該響應斜率已然發生異常。 In some embodiments, after the specific time point, when the clock potential has a low logic level, the microcontroller compares the response slope of the inductor current with an inverse of the sampling slope within a plurality of detection time intervals, and if the response slope of the inductor current and the inverse of the sampling slope are not equal, the microcontroller determines that the response slope of the inductor current has been abnormal.

在一些實施例中，若該回授電位高於或等於一臨界電位，則該微控制器更將縮短該等偵測時間區間之每一者之長度。 In some embodiments, if the feedback potential is higher than or equal to a critical potential, the microcontroller will further shorten the length of each of the detection time intervals.

100,200:電源供應器 100,200: Power supply

110,210:橋式整流器 110,210: Bridge rectifier

120,220:變壓器 120,220: Transformer

121,221:主線圈 121,221: Main loop

122,222:副線圈 122,222: Secondary coil

130,230:功率切換器 130,230: Power switch

140,240:輸出級電路 140,240: Output stage circuit

150,250:微控制器 150,250:Microcontroller

500:行動裝置 500: Mobile device

510:主電路板 510: Main circuit board

520:嵌入式控制器 520:Embedded Controller

530:顯示器 530: Display

540:警告視窗 540: Warning window

CO:輸出電容器 CO: output capacitor

CP:寄生電容器 CP: Parasitic capacitor

D1:第一二極體 D1: First diode

D2:第二二極體 D2: Second diode

D3:第三二極體 D3: The third diode

D4:第四二極體 D4: The fourth second pole

D5:第五二極體 D5: The fifth diode

IL:電感電流 IL: Inductor current

IOUT:輸出電流 IOUT: output current

LM:激磁電感器 LM: Magnetizing inductor

M1:第一電晶體 M1: first transistor

M2:第二電晶體 M2: Second transistor

N1:第一節點 N1: First node

N2:第二節點 N2: Second node

N3:第三節點 N3: The third node

N4:第四節點 N4: The fourth node

N5:第五節點 N5: Fifth Node

N6:第六節點 N6: Node 6

NCM:共同節點 NCM: Common Node

NIN1:第一輸入節點 NIN1: first input node

NIN2:第二輸入節點 NIN2: Second input node

NOUT:輸出節點 NOUT: output node

RS1:第一感測電阻器 RS1: First sensing resistor

RS2:第二感測電阻器 RS2: Second sensing resistor

RS3:第三感測電阻器 RS3: The third sensing resistor

SR:響應斜率 SR: Response slope

SS:取樣斜率 SS: Sampling slope

T1,T2,TM,TN:偵測時間區間 T1, T2, TM, TN: detection time interval

TE:測試時間點 TE: Test time point

TS:特定時間點 TS: specific time point

VA:時脈電位 VA: pulse potential

VB:反相時脈電位 VB: reverse phase pulse potential

VD:偵測電位 VD: Detection potential

VF:回授電位 VF: Feedback potential

VIN1:第一輸入電位 VIN1: first input potential

VIN2:第二輸入電位 VIN2: Second input potential

VL:警示電位 VL: warning potential

VOUT:輸出電位 VOUT: output voltage

VR:整流電位 VR: Rectification potential

VS:感應電位 VS: Induction potential

VSS:接地電位 VSS: ground potential

VTH:臨界電位 VTH: critical potential

ΔV:電位差 ΔV: potential difference

第1圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器之示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器之電路圖。 Figure 2 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第3圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器之信號波形圖。 Figure 3 shows the signal waveform of the power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第4圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器之信號波形圖。 Figure 4 shows the signal waveform of the power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第5圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之行動裝置之示意圖。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第6圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之行動裝置之立體圖。 Figure 6 is a three-dimensional diagram showing a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第7圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器之信號波形圖。 Figure 7 shows a signal waveform diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.

為讓本發明之目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉出本發明之具體實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下。 In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following specifically lists the specific embodiments of the present invention and describes them in detail with the accompanying drawings.

在說明書及申請專利範圍當中使用了某些詞彙來指稱特定的元件。本領域技術人員應可理解，硬體製造商可能會用不同的名詞來稱呼同一個元件。本說明書及申請專利範圍並不以名稱的差異來作為區分元件的方式，而是以元件在功能上的差異來作為區分的準則。在通篇說明書及申請專利範圍當中所提及的「包含」及「包括」一詞為開放式的用語，故應解釋成「包含但不僅限定於」。「大致」一詞則是指在可接受的誤差範圍內，本領域技術人員能夠在一定誤差範圍內解決所述技術問題，達到所述基本之技術效果。此外，「耦接」一詞在本說明書中包含任何直接及間接的電性連接手段。因此，若文中描述一第一裝置耦接至一第二裝置，則代表該第一裝置可直接電性連接至該第二裝置，或經由其它裝置或連接手段而間接地電性連接至該第二裝置。 Certain terms are used in the specification and patent application to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that hardware manufacturers may use different terms to refer to the same component. This specification and patent application do not use differences in names as a way to distinguish components, but use differences in the functions of components as the criterion for distinction. The words "include" and "including" mentioned throughout the specification and patent application are open terms and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". The word "substantially" means that within an acceptable error range, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range and achieve the basic technical effect. In addition, the word "coupled" in this specification includes any direct and indirect electrical connection means. Therefore, if the text describes a first device coupled to a second device, it means that the first device can be directly electrically connected to the second device, or indirectly electrically connected to the second device via other devices or connection means.

第1圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器100之示意圖。例如，電源供應器100可應用於桌上型電腦、筆記型電腦，或一體成形電腦。如第1圖所示，電源供應器100包括：一橋式整流器110、一變壓器120、一第一感測電阻器RS1、一功率切換器130、一輸出級電路140，以及一微控制器(Microcontroller Unit，MCU)150。必須注意的是，雖然未顯示於第1圖中，但電源供應器100更可包括其他元件，例如：一穩壓器或(且)一負回授電路。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a power supply 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the power supply 100 can be applied to a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or an all-in-one computer. As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply 100 includes: a bridge rectifier 110, a transformer 120, a first sensing resistor RS1, a power switch 130, an output stage circuit 140, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) 150. It should be noted that, although not shown in FIG. 1, the power supply 100 may further include other components, such as: a voltage regulator or (and) a negative feedback circuit.

橋式整流器110可根據一第一輸入電位VIN1和一第二輸入電位VIN2來產生一整流電位VR，其中第一輸入電位VIN1和第二輸入電位VIN2之間可形成具有任意頻率和任意振幅之一交流電壓。例如，交流電壓之頻率可約為50Hz或60Hz，而交流電壓之方均根值(Root Mean Square，RMS)可介於90V至264V之間，但亦不僅限於此。變壓器120包括一主線圈121和一副線圈122，其中變壓器120更可內建一激磁電感器LM。主線圈121和激磁電感器LM皆可位於變壓器120之同一側，而副線圈122則可位於變壓器120之相對另一側。主線圈121可用於接收整流電位VR，而回應於整流電位VR，副線圈122則可用於輸出一感應電位VS。第一感測電阻器RS1係與激磁電感器LM串聯耦接，其中一電感電流IL可流經激磁電感器LM和第一感測電阻器RS1。功率切換器130可根據一時脈電位VA來選擇性地將第一感測電阻器RS1耦接至一接地電位VSS(例如：0V)。例如，若時脈電位VA為一高邏輯位準(亦即，邏輯「1」)，則功率切換器130可將第一感測電阻器RS1耦接至接地電位VSS(亦即，功率切換器130可近似於一短路路徑)；反之，若時脈電位VA為一低邏輯位準(亦即，邏輯「0」)，則功率切換器130不會將第一感測電阻器RS1耦接至接地電位VSS(亦即，功率切換器130可近似於一斷路路徑)。輸出級電路140可根據感應電位VS來產生一輸出電位VOUT。例如，輸出電位VOUT可為一直流電位，其電位位準可介於18V至20V之間，但亦不僅限於此。微控制器150可用於產生時脈電位VA。另外，微控制器150更可偵測第一感測電阻器RS1之一電位差ΔV，以計算出電感電流IL之一響應斜率SR。若微控制器150判斷電感電流IL之響應斜率SR發生異常，則微控制器150更可產生一警示電位VL。在本發明之設計下，使用者可基於警示電位VL來即時發現電源供應器100之異常狀態，其將可有效避免電源供應器100之輸出電位VOUT出現震盪或波動之情況。因此，本發明之電源供應器100將可大幅改善其自身之輸出穩定度。 The bridge rectifier 110 can generate a rectified potential VR according to a first input potential VIN1 and a second input potential VIN2, wherein an AC voltage with any frequency and any amplitude can be formed between the first input potential VIN1 and the second input potential VIN2. For example, the frequency of the AC voltage can be about 50Hz or 60Hz, and the root mean square value (RMS) of the AC voltage can be between 90V and 264V, but is not limited thereto. The transformer 120 includes a main coil 121 and an auxiliary coil 122, wherein the transformer 120 can further have a built-in excitation inductor LM. The main coil 121 and the magnetizing inductor LM can be located on the same side of the transformer 120, and the secondary coil 122 can be located on the opposite side of the transformer 120. The main coil 121 can be used to receive the rectified potential VR, and in response to the rectified potential VR, the secondary coil 122 can be used to output a sensed potential VS. The first sensing resistor RS1 is coupled in series with the magnetizing inductor LM, wherein an inductor current IL can flow through the magnetizing inductor LM and the first sensing resistor RS1. The power switch 130 can selectively couple the first sensing resistor RS1 to a ground potential VSS (e.g., 0V) according to a clock potential VA. For example, if the clock potential VA is a high logic level (i.e., logic "1"), the power switch 130 can couple the first sensing resistor RS1 to the ground potential VSS (i.e., the power switch 130 can be similar to a short circuit path); conversely, if the clock potential VA is a low logic level (i.e., logic "0"), the power switch 130 will not couple the first sensing resistor RS1 to the ground potential VSS (i.e., the power switch 130 can be similar to a break path). The output stage circuit 140 can generate an output potential VOUT according to the sense potential VS. For example, the output potential VOUT can be a DC potential, and its potential level can be between 18V and 20V, but it is not limited thereto. The microcontroller 150 can be used to generate a clock potential VA. In addition, the microcontroller 150 can further detect a potential difference ΔV of the first sensing resistor RS1 to calculate a response slope SR of the inductor current IL. If the microcontroller 150 determines that the response slope SR of the inductor current IL is abnormal, the microcontroller 150 can further generate a warning potential VL. Under the design of the present invention, the user can immediately discover the abnormal state of the power supply 100 based on the warning potential VL, which will effectively prevent the output potential VOUT of the power supply 100 from oscillating or fluctuating. Therefore, the power supply 100 of the present invention will greatly improve its own output stability.

以下實施例將介紹電源供應器100之詳細結構及操作方式。必須理解的是，這些圖式和敘述僅為舉例，而非用於限制本發明之範圍。 The following embodiments will introduce the detailed structure and operation of the power supply 100. It must be understood that these figures and descriptions are only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器200之電路圖。在第2圖之實施例中，電源供應器200具有一第一輸入節點NIN1、一第二輸入節點NIN2，以及一輸出節點NOUT，並包括一橋式整流器210、一變壓器220、一第一感測電阻器RS1、一第二感測電阻器RS2、一功率切換器230、一輸出級電路240，以及一微控制器250。電源供應器200之第一輸入節點NIN1和第二輸入節點NIN2可分別由一外部輸入電源(未顯示)處接收一第一輸入電位VIN1和一第二輸入電位VIN2。電源供應器200之輸出節點NOUT則可用於輸出一輸出電位VOUT至一電子裝置(未顯示)。 FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the power supply 200 has a first input node NIN1, a second input node NIN2, and an output node NOUT, and includes a bridge rectifier 210, a transformer 220, a first sensing resistor RS1, a second sensing resistor RS2, a power switch 230, an output stage circuit 240, and a microcontroller 250. The first input node NIN1 and the second input node NIN2 of the power supply 200 can receive a first input potential VIN1 and a second input potential VIN2 respectively from an external input power source (not shown). The output node NOUT of the power supply 200 can be used to output an output potential VOUT to an electronic device (not shown).

橋式整流器210包括一第一二極體D1、一第二二極體D2、一第三二極體D3，以及一第四二極體D4。第一二極體D1具有一陽極和一陰極，其中第一二極體D1之陽極係耦接至第一輸入節點NIN1，而第一二極體D1之陰極係耦接至一第一節點N1以輸出一整流電位VR。第二二極體D2具有一陽極和一陰極，其中第二二極體D2之陽極係耦接至第二輸入節點NIN2，而第二二極體D2之陰極係耦接至第一節點N1。第三二極體D3具有一陽極和一陰極，其中第三二極體D3之陽極係耦接至一接地電位VSS，而第三二極體D3之陰極係耦接至第一輸入節點NIN1。第四二極體D4具有一陽極和一陰極，其中第四二極體D4之陽極係耦接至接地電位VSS，而第四二極體D4之陰極係耦接至第二輸入節點NIN2。 The bridge rectifier 210 includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, and a fourth diode D4. The first diode D1 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the first diode D1 is coupled to the first input node NIN1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is coupled to a first node N1 to output a rectified potential VR. The second diode D2 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the second diode D2 is coupled to the second input node NIN2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is coupled to the first node N1. The third diode D3 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the third diode D3 is coupled to a ground potential VSS, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is coupled to the first input node NIN1. The fourth diode D4 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fourth diode D4 is coupled to the ground potential VSS, and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is coupled to the second input node NIN2.

變壓器220包括一主線圈221和一副線圈222，其中變壓器220更可內建一激磁電感器LM。激磁電感器LM可為變壓器220製造時所附帶產生之一固有元件，其並非一外部獨立元件。主線圈221和激磁電感器LM皆可位於變壓器220之同一側(例如：一次側)，而副線圈222則可位於變壓器220之相對另一側(例如：二次側，其可與一次側互相隔離開來)。詳細而言，主線圈221具有一第一端和一第二端，其中主線圈221之第一端係耦接至第一節點N1以接收整流電位VR，而主線圈221之第二端係耦接至一第二節點N2。激磁電感器LM具有一第一端和一第二端，其中激磁電感器LM之第一端係耦接至第一節點N1，而激磁電感器LM之第二端係耦接至一第三節點N3。副線圈222具有一第一端和一第二端，其中副線圈222之第一端係耦接至一第四節點N4以輸出一感應電位VS，而副線圈222之第二端係耦接至一共同節點NCM。例如，共同節點NCM可視為另一接地電位，其可與前述之接地電位VSS相同或相異。 The transformer 220 includes a main coil 221 and a secondary coil 222, wherein the transformer 220 may further have a built-in excitation inductor LM. The excitation inductor LM may be an inherent component generated when the transformer 220 is manufactured, and is not an external independent component. The main coil 221 and the excitation inductor LM may be located on the same side of the transformer 220 (e.g., the primary side), while the secondary coil 222 may be located on the other side of the transformer 220 (e.g., the secondary side, which may be isolated from the primary side). In detail, the main coil 221 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the main coil 221 is coupled to the first node N1 to receive the rectified potential VR, and the second end of the main coil 221 is coupled to a second node N2. The excitation inductor LM has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the excitation inductor LM is coupled to the first node N1, and the second end of the excitation inductor LM is coupled to a third node N3. The secondary coil 222 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the secondary coil 222 is coupled to a fourth node N4 to output an induced potential VS, and the second end of the secondary coil 222 is coupled to a common node NCM. For example, the common node NCM can be regarded as another ground potential, which can be the same as or different from the aforementioned ground potential VSS.

第一感測電阻器RS1具有一第一端和一第二端，其中第一感測電阻器RS1之第一端係耦接至第三節點N3，而第一感測電阻器RS1之第二端係耦接至第二節點N2。第一感測電阻器RS1可具有相對較小之電阻值。例如，第一感測電阻器RS1之電阻值可以小於或等於0.5Ω。在一些實施例中，一電感電流IL可流經激磁電感器LM和第一感測電阻器RS1，使得第一感測電阻器RS1之第一端和第二端之間可形成一電位差ΔV，其亦可視為第三節點N3處之電位再減去第二節點N2處之電位所得出之電位差ΔV。 The first sensing resistor RS1 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first sensing resistor RS1 is coupled to the third node N3, and the second end of the first sensing resistor RS1 is coupled to the second node N2. The first sensing resistor RS1 may have a relatively small resistance value. For example, the resistance value of the first sensing resistor RS1 may be less than or equal to 0.5Ω. In some embodiments, an inductor current IL may flow through the excitation inductor LM and the first sensing resistor RS1, so that a potential difference ΔV may be formed between the first end and the second end of the first sensing resistor RS1, which can also be regarded as the potential difference ΔV obtained by subtracting the potential at the third node N3 from the potential at the second node N2.

功率切換器230包括一第一電晶體M1。例如，第一電晶體M1可為一N型金氧半場效電晶體(N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，NMOSFET)。第一電晶體M1具有一控制端(例如：一閘極)、一第一端(例如：一源極)，以及一第二端(例如：一汲極)，其中第一電晶體M1之控制端係用於接收一時脈電位VA，第一電晶體M1之第一端係耦接至一第五節點N5，而第一電晶體M1之第二端係耦接至第二節點N2。 The power switch 230 includes a first transistor M1. For example, the first transistor M1 may be an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). The first transistor M1 has a control terminal (e.g., a gate), a first terminal (e.g., a source), and a second terminal (e.g., a drain), wherein the control terminal of the first transistor M1 is used to receive a clock potential VA, the first terminal of the first transistor M1 is coupled to a fifth node N5, and the second terminal of the first transistor M1 is coupled to the second node N2.

第二感測電阻器RS2具有一第一端和一第二端，其中第二感測電阻器RS2之第一端係耦接至第五節點N5，而第二感測電阻器RS2之第二端係耦接至接地電位VSS。第二感測電阻器RS2可具有非常小之電阻值。例如，第二感測電阻器RS2之電阻值可以小於或等於1mΩ，故其幾乎可視為一短路路徑。在一些實施例中，前述之電感電流IL更可流經第二感測電阻器RS2，使得第五節點N5處可建立一偵測電位VD。 The second sensing resistor RS2 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second sensing resistor RS2 is coupled to the fifth node N5, and the second end of the second sensing resistor RS2 is coupled to the ground potential VSS. The second sensing resistor RS2 may have a very small resistance value. For example, the resistance value of the second sensing resistor RS2 may be less than or equal to 1 mΩ, so it can almost be regarded as a short circuit path. In some embodiments, the aforementioned inductor current IL may flow through the second sensing resistor RS2, so that a detection potential VD can be established at the fifth node N5.

輸出級電路240包括一第二電晶體M2、一輸出電容器CO，以及一第三感測電阻器RS3。例如，第二電晶體M2可為一N型金氧半場效電晶體。第二電晶體M2具有一控制端(例如：一閘極)、一第一端(例如：一源極)，以及一第二端(例如：一汲極)，其中第二電晶體M2之控制端係用於接收一反相時脈電位VB，第二電晶體M2之第一端係耦接至輸出節點NOUT，而第二電晶體M2之第二端係耦接至第四節點N4以接收感應電位VS。在一些實施例中，第二電晶體M2更可內建一寄生電容器CP。詳細而言，寄生電容器CP具有一第一端和一第二端，其中寄生電容器CP之第一端係耦接至第四節點N4，而寄生電容器CP之第二端係耦接至輸出節點NOUT。必須理解的是，第二電晶體M2之第一端和第二端之間之總寄生電容(Parasitic Capacitance)可模擬為前述之寄生電容器CP，其並非一外部獨立元件。 The output stage circuit 240 includes a second transistor M2, an output capacitor CO, and a third sensing resistor RS3. For example, the second transistor M2 may be an N-type metal oxide semi-conductor field effect transistor. The second transistor M2 has a control terminal (e.g., a gate), a first terminal (e.g., a source), and a second terminal (e.g., a drain), wherein the control terminal of the second transistor M2 is used to receive an inverted clock potential VB, the first terminal of the second transistor M2 is coupled to the output node NOUT, and the second terminal of the second transistor M2 is coupled to the fourth node N4 to receive the sensed potential VS. In some embodiments, the second transistor M2 may further have a built-in parasitic capacitor CP. In detail, the parasitic capacitor CP has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the parasitic capacitor CP is coupled to the fourth node N4, and the second end of the parasitic capacitor CP is coupled to the output node NOUT. It must be understood that the total parasitic capacitance (Parasitic Capacitance) between the first end and the second end of the second transistor M2 can be simulated as the aforementioned parasitic capacitor CP, which is not an external independent component.

輸出電容器CO具有一第一端和一第二端，其中輸出電容器CO之第一端係耦接至輸出節點NOUT，而輸出電容器CO之第二端係耦接至一第六節點N6。第三感測電阻器RS3具有一第一端和一第二端，其中第三感測電阻器RS3之第一端係耦接至第六節點N6，而第三感測電阻器RS3之第二端係耦接至共同節點NCM。第三感測電阻器RS3可具有相對較小之電阻值。例如，第三感測電阻器RS3之電阻值可以小於或等於1Ω。在一些實施例中，一輸出電流IOUT更可流經輸出電容器CO和第三感測電阻器RS3，使得第六節點N6處可建立一回授電位VF。 The output capacitor CO has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the output capacitor CO is coupled to the output node NOUT, and the second end of the output capacitor CO is coupled to a sixth node N6. The third sensing resistor RS3 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the third sensing resistor RS3 is coupled to the sixth node N6, and the second end of the third sensing resistor RS3 is coupled to the common node NCM. The third sensing resistor RS3 may have a relatively small resistance value. For example, the resistance value of the third sensing resistor RS3 may be less than or equal to 1Ω. In some embodiments, an output current IOUT may flow through the output capacitor CO and the third sensing resistor RS3, so that a feedback potential VF may be established at the sixth node N6.

微控制器250可產生時脈電位VA。例如，時脈電位VA於電源供應器200剛初始化時可維持於一固定電位，而在電源供應器200進入正常使用階段後則可提供週期性之時脈波形。微控制器250更可根據時脈電位VA來產生反相時脈電位VB，其中反相時脈電位VB可與時脈電位VA具有相同之操作頻率及互補(Complementary)之邏輯位準。另外，微控制器250更可偵測及接收第一感測電阻器RS1之電位差ΔV、第五節點N5處之偵測電位VD，以及第六節點N6處之回授電位VF。必須理解的是，根據歐姆定律，激磁電感器LM之電感電流IL係與第一感測電阻器RS1之電位差ΔV兩者呈現正比關係。因此，微控制器250可藉由分析電位差 ΔV來取得電感電流IL之各種特徵，例如：一電流值或一電流斜率(Current Slope)，但亦不僅限於此。 The microcontroller 250 can generate a clock potential VA. For example, the clock potential VA can be maintained at a fixed potential when the power supply 200 is just initialized, and can provide a periodic clock waveform after the power supply 200 enters the normal use stage. The microcontroller 250 can also generate an inverted clock potential VB based on the clock potential VA, wherein the inverted clock potential VB can have the same operating frequency and complementary logic level as the clock potential VA. In addition, the microcontroller 250 can also detect and receive the potential difference ΔV of the first sensing resistor RS1, the detection potential VD at the fifth node N5, and the feedback potential VF at the sixth node N6. It must be understood that according to Ohm's law, the inductor current IL of the excitation inductor LM is proportional to the potential difference ΔV of the first sensing resistor RS1. Therefore, the microcontroller 250 can obtain various characteristics of the inductor current IL by analyzing the potential difference ΔV, such as a current value or a current slope (Current Slope), but it is not limited to this.

第3圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器200之信號波形圖，其中橫軸代表時間，而縱軸代表電位位準。請一併參考第2、3圖。如第3圖所示，若微控制器250判斷偵測電位VD於一特定時間點TS時初次下降至0，則代表第一電晶體M1首次被禁能，而第二電晶體M2首次被致能，使得第二電晶體M2之寄生電容器CP被充電完成。因為充滿電之寄生電容器CP有可能與激磁電感器LM發生異常諧振，所以於特定時間點TS時微控制器250即準備好要持續地監控電感電流IL之響應斜率是否發生異常。在一些實施例中，電感電流IL之不正常響應斜率可能發生於第一電晶體M1第二次被禁能之後，亦即，在一測試時間點TE之後。 FIG. 3 shows a signal waveform diagram of the power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents potential level. Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 together. As shown in FIG. 3, if the microcontroller 250 determines that the detection potential VD drops to 0 for the first time at a specific time point TS, it means that the first transistor M1 is disabled for the first time, and the second transistor M2 is enabled for the first time, so that the parasitic capacitor CP of the second transistor M2 is fully charged. Because the fully charged parasitic capacitor CP may resonate abnormally with the excitation inductor LM, the microcontroller 250 is ready to continuously monitor the response slope of the inductor current IL to see if there is any abnormality at the specific time point TS. In some embodiments, the abnormal response slope of the inductor current IL may occur after the first transistor M1 is disabled for the second time, that is, after a test time point TE.

第4圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器200之信號波形圖，其中橫軸代表時間，而縱軸代表電位位準或電流值。請一併參考第2、4圖。必須注意的是，第4圖之電感電流IL之波形係出現於前述之特定時間點TS之後。如第4圖所示，當時脈電位VA具有高邏輯位準時，微控制器250即根據第一感測電阻器RS1之電位差ΔV來計算出電感電流IL之一取樣斜率SS。接著，當時脈電位VA具有低邏輯位準時，微控制器250即於複數個偵測時間區間T1、T2、…、TN內根據第一感測電阻器RS1之電位差ΔV來計算出電感電流IL之一響應斜率SR，並再將電感電流IL之響應斜率SR與前述之取樣斜率SS之一相反數作比較。例如，前述之「N」值可為大於或等於2之任一正整數，而前述之偵測時間區間T1、T2、...、TN之每一者則皆可介於1μs至3μs之間。若電感電流IL之響應斜率SR與取樣斜率SS之相反數兩者不相等，則微控制器250將判斷電感電流IL之響應斜率SR已然發生異常，此時微控制器250更將產生一警示電位VL。 FIG. 4 is a signal waveform diagram of the power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents potential level or current value. Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 together. It should be noted that the waveform of the inductor current IL in FIG. 4 appears after the aforementioned specific time point TS. As shown in FIG. 4, when the clock potential VA has a high logic level, the microcontroller 250 calculates a sampling slope SS of the inductor current IL according to the potential difference ΔV of the first sensing resistor RS1. Next, when the clock potential VA has a low logic level, the microcontroller 250 calculates a response slope SR of the inductor current IL according to the potential difference ΔV of the first sensing resistor RS1 in a plurality of detection time intervals T1, T2, ..., TN, and then compares the response slope SR of the inductor current IL with a negative number of the aforementioned sampling slope SS. For example, the aforementioned "N" value can be any positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and each of the aforementioned detection time intervals T1, T2, ..., TN can be between 1μs and 3μs. If the response slope SR of the inductor current IL and the inverse of the sampling slope SS are not equal, the microcontroller 250 will determine that the response slope SR of the inductor current IL has become abnormal, and the microcontroller 250 will generate a warning voltage VL.

舉例而言，當時脈電位VA具有高邏輯位準時，微控制器250計算出電感電流IL之取樣斜率SS等於2。理想上，當時脈電位VA具有低邏輯位準時，電感電流IL之響應斜率SR應該皆等於-2(亦即，2之相反數)。然而，若偵測到電感電流IL於偵測時間區間TN內之響應斜率SR卻等於-0.5，則微控制器250將判斷電感電流IL之響應斜率SR已然發生異常，其將立即輸出警示電位VL。 For example, when the clock pulse potential VA has a high logic level, the microcontroller 250 calculates that the sampling slope SS of the inductor current IL is equal to 2. Ideally, when the clock pulse potential VA has a low logic level, the response slope SR of the inductor current IL should be equal to -2 (i.e., the inverse of 2). However, if the response slope SR of the inductor current IL is detected to be equal to -0.5 within the detection time interval TN, the microcontroller 250 will determine that the response slope SR of the inductor current IL has been abnormal, and it will immediately output the warning level VL.

第5圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之行動裝置500之示意圖。例如，行動裝置500可為一筆記型電腦或一平板電腦。在第5圖之實施例中，行動裝置500包括一主電路板(Mother Board，MB)510及其上之一嵌入式控制器(Embedded Controller，EC)520。主電路板510可由電源供應器200處接收輸出電位VOUT，而嵌入式控制器520則可由電源供應器200處接收警示電位VL。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a mobile device 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the mobile device 500 may be a notebook computer or a tablet computer. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the mobile device 500 includes a mother board (MB) 510 and an embedded controller (EC) 520 thereon. The mother board 510 may receive an output potential VOUT from the power supply 200, and the embedded controller 520 may receive a warning potential VL from the power supply 200.

第6圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之行動裝置500之立體圖。在第6圖之實施例中，行動裝置500更包括一顯示器530，其可由嵌入式控制器520所控制。當嵌入式控制器520接收到警示電位VL時，嵌入式控制器520即可於顯示器530上展示出一警告視窗540，以通知使用者電源供應器200已然發生異常。此時，使用者可以先暫時移除電源供應器200之外部輸入電源，然後再重新啟動電源供應器200。由於第二電晶體M2之寄生電容器CP可藉此被完全放電，故前述之重置動作將可輕易解決寄生電容器CP與激磁電感器LM發生異常諧振之問題。 FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional diagram of a mobile device 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the mobile device 500 further includes a display 530, which can be controlled by an embedded controller 520. When the embedded controller 520 receives the warning voltage VL, the embedded controller 520 can display a warning window 540 on the display 530 to notify the user that an abnormality has occurred in the power supply 200. At this time, the user can temporarily remove the external input power of the power supply 200 and then restart the power supply 200. Since the parasitic capacitor CP of the second transistor M2 can be completely discharged, the aforementioned reset action can easily solve the problem of abnormal resonance between the parasitic capacitor CP and the excitation inductor LM.

第7圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之電源供應器200之信號波形圖，其中橫軸代表時間，而縱軸代表電流值。請一併參考第2、7圖。在第7圖之實施例中，若偵測到回授電位VF高於或等於一臨界電位VTH，則微控制器250更可縮短複數個偵測時間區間T1、T2、…、TM之每一者之長度。例如，前述之「M」值可為大於或等於前述之「N」值之任一正整數，而前述之偵測時間區間T1、T2、...、TM之每一者則皆可介於0.5μs至1.5μs之間。根據實際量測結果，微控制器250之更密集之偵測操作有助提升其整體之偵測準確度。在一些實施例中，臨界電位VTH可對應於電源供應器200之輸出電流IOUT之最大值之70%，但亦不僅限於此。 FIG. 7 is a signal waveform diagram of the power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents current value. Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 7 together. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, if the feedback potential VF is detected to be higher than or equal to a critical potential VTH, the microcontroller 250 can further shorten the length of each of the plurality of detection time intervals T1, T2, ..., TM. For example, the aforementioned "M" value can be any positive integer greater than or equal to the aforementioned "N" value, and each of the aforementioned detection time intervals T1, T2, ..., TM can be between 0.5μs and 1.5μs. According to actual measurement results, more intensive detection operations of the microcontroller 250 help improve its overall detection accuracy. In some embodiments, the critical potential VTH may correspond to 70% of the maximum value of the output current IOUT of the power supply 200, but is not limited thereto.

本發明提出一種新穎之電源供應器，而根據實際量測結果，使用前述設計之電源供應器將可大幅改善整體之輸出穩定度，故其很適合應用於各種各式之裝置當中。 The present invention proposes a novel power supply. According to actual measurement results, the power supply with the above design can significantly improve the overall output stability, so it is very suitable for application in various types of devices.

值得注意的是，以上所述之電位、電流、電阻值、電感值、電容值，以及其餘元件參數均非為本發明之限制條件。設計者可以根據不同需要調整這些設定值。本發明之電源供應器並不僅限於第1-7圖所圖示之狀態。本發明可以僅包括第1-7圖之任何一或複數個實施例之任何一或複數項特徵。換言之，並非所有圖示之特徵均須同時實施於本發明之電源供應器當中。雖然本發明之實施例係使用金氧半場效電晶體為例，但本發明並不僅限於此，本技術領域人士可改用其他種類之電晶體，例如：接面場效電晶體，或是鰭式場效電晶體等等，而不致於影響本發明之效果。 It is worth noting that the potential, current, resistance, inductance, capacitance, and other component parameters mentioned above are not limiting conditions of the present invention. Designers can adjust these settings according to different needs. The power supply of the present invention is not limited to the states shown in Figures 1-7. The present invention may include only one or more features of any one or more embodiments of Figures 1-7. In other words, not all the features shown in the diagrams need to be implemented in the power supply of the present invention at the same time. Although the embodiments of the present invention use metal oxide semi-conductor field effect transistors as an example, the present invention is not limited to this. People in the technical field can use other types of transistors, such as junction field effect transistors, fin field effect transistors, etc., without affecting the effect of the present invention.

在本說明書以及申請專利範圍中的序數，例如「第一」、「第二」、「第三」等等，彼此之間並沒有順序上的先後關係，其僅用於標示區分兩個具有相同名字之不同元件。 In this specification and the scope of the patent application, ordinal numbers, such as "first", "second", "third", etc., have no sequential relationship with each other and are only used to mark and distinguish two different components with the same name.

本發明雖以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明的範圍，任何熟習此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可做些許的更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention is disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the scope defined in the attached patent application.

100:電源供應器 100: Power supply

110:橋式整流器 110: Bridge rectifier

120:變壓器 120: Transformer

121:主線圈 121: Main coil

122:副線圈 122: Secondary coil

130:功率切換器 130: Power switch

140:輸出級電路 140: Output stage circuit

150:微控制器 150: Microcontroller

IL:電感電流 IL: Inductor current

LM:激磁電感器 LM: Magnetizing inductor

RS1:第一感測電阻器 RS1: First sensing resistor

SR:響應斜率 SR: Response slope

VA:時脈電位 VA: pulse potential

VIN1:第一輸入電位 VIN1: first input potential

VIN2:第二輸入電位 VIN2: Second input potential

VL:警示電位 VL: warning potential

VOUT:輸出電位 VOUT: output voltage

VR:整流電位 VR: Rectification potential

VS:感應電位 VS: Induction potential

VSS:接地電位 VSS: ground potential

△V:電位差 △V: potential difference

Claims

一種高輸出穩定度之電源供應器，包括：一橋式整流器，根據一第一輸入電位和一第二輸入電位來產生一整流電位；一變壓器，包括一主線圈和一副線圈，其中該變壓器更內建一激磁電感器，該主線圈係用於接收該整流電位，而該副線圈係用於輸出一感應電位；一第一感測電阻器，其中該第一感測電阻器係與該激磁電感器串聯耦接，而一電感電流係流經該激磁電感器和該第一感測電阻器；一功率切換器，根據一時脈電位來選擇性地將該第一感測電阻器耦接至一接地電位；一輸出級電路，根據該感應電位來產生一輸出電位；以及一微控制器，產生該時脈電位，其中該微控制器更偵測該第一感測電阻器之一電位差，以計算出該電感電流之一響應斜率；其中若該微控制器判斷該電感電流之該響應斜率發生異常，則該微控制器更將產生一警示電位。 A power supply with high output stability, comprising: a bridge rectifier, generating a rectified potential according to a first input potential and a second input potential; a transformer, comprising a main coil and a secondary coil, wherein the transformer further has a built-in excitation inductor, the main coil is used to receive the rectified potential, and the secondary coil is used to output an induced potential; a first sensing resistor, wherein the first sensing resistor is coupled in series with the excitation inductor, and an inductive current flows through the excitation inductor and the first sensing resistor; a power switch, selectively coupling the first sensing resistor to a ground potential according to a clock potential; an output stage circuit, generating an output potential according to the induced potential; and A microcontroller generates the clock potential, wherein the microcontroller further detects a potential difference of the first sensing resistor to calculate a response slope of the inductor current; If the microcontroller determines that the response slope of the inductor current is abnormal, the microcontroller will further generate a warning potential.

如請求項1之電源供應器，其中該橋式整流器包括：一第一二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第一二極體之該陽極係耦接至一第一輸入節點以接收該第一輸入電位，而該第一二極體之該陰極係耦接至一第一節點以輸出該整流電位；一第二二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第二二極體之該陽極係耦接至一第二輸入節點以接收該第二輸入電位，而該第二二極體之該陰極係耦接至該第一節點；一第三二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第三二極體之該陽極係耦接至該接地電位，而該第三二極體之該陰極係耦接至該第一輸入節點；以及一第四二極體，具有一陽極和一陰極，其中該第四二極體之該陽極係耦接至該接地電位，而該第四二極體之該陰極係耦接至該第二輸入節點。 A power supply as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bridge rectifier comprises: a first diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the first diode is coupled to a first input node to receive the first input potential, and the cathode of the first diode is coupled to a first node to output the rectified potential; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the second diode is coupled to a second input node to receive the second input potential, and the cathode of the second diode is coupled to the first node; A third diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the third diode is coupled to the ground potential, and the cathode of the third diode is coupled to the first input node; and A fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fourth diode is coupled to the ground potential, and the cathode of the fourth diode is coupled to the second input node.

如請求項2之電源供應器，其中該主線圈具有一第一端和一第二端，該主線圈之該第一端係耦接至該第一節點以接收該整流電位，該主線圈之該第二端係耦接至一第二節點，該激磁電感器具有一第一端和一第二端，該激磁電感器之該第一端係耦接至該第一節點，該激磁電感器之該第二端係耦接至一第三節點，該副線圈具有一第一端和一第二端，該副線圈之該第一端係耦接至一第四節點以輸出該感應電位，該副線圈之該第二端係耦接至一共同節點，該第一感測電阻器具有一第一端和一第二端，該第一感測電阻器之該第一端係耦接至該第三節點，而該第一感測電阻器之該第二端係耦接至該第二節點。A power supply as in claim 2, wherein the main coil has a first end and a second end, the first end of the main coil is coupled to the first node to receive the rectified potential, the second end of the main coil is coupled to a second node, the excitation inductor has a first end and a second end, the first end of the excitation inductor is coupled to the first node, the second end of the excitation inductor is coupled to a third node, the secondary coil has a first end and a second end, the first end of the secondary coil is coupled to a fourth node to output the induced potential, the second end of the secondary coil is coupled to a common node, the first sensing resistor has a first end and a second end, the first end of the first sensing resistor is coupled to the third node, and the second end of the first sensing resistor is coupled to the second node.

如請求項3之電源供應器，其中該功率切換器包括：一第一電晶體，具有一控制端、一第一端，以及一第二端，其中該第一電晶體之該控制端係用於接收該時脈電位，該第一電晶體之該第一端係耦接至一第五節點，而該第一電晶體之該第二端係耦接至該第二節點。 A power supply as claimed in claim 3, wherein the power switch comprises: A first transistor having a control end, a first end, and a second end, wherein the control end of the first transistor is used to receive the clock potential, the first end of the first transistor is coupled to a fifth node, and the second end of the first transistor is coupled to the second node.

如請求項4之電源供應器，更包括：一第二感測電阻器，具有一第一端和一第二端，其中該第二感測電阻器之該第一端係耦接至該第五節點，而該第二感測電阻器之該第二端係耦接至該接地電位；其中該微控制器更由該第五節點處接收一偵測電位。 The power supply of claim 4 further comprises: a second sensing resistor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second sensing resistor is coupled to the fifth node, and the second end of the second sensing resistor is coupled to the ground potential; wherein the microcontroller further receives a detection potential from the fifth node.

如請求項5之電源供應器，其中該輸出級電路包括：一第二電晶體，具有一控制端、一第一端，以及一第二端，其中該第二電晶體之該控制端係用於接收一反相時脈電位，該第二電晶體之該第一端係耦接至一輸出節點以輸出該輸出電位，而該第二電晶體之該第二端係耦接至該第四節點以接收該感應電位；一輸出電容器，具有一第一端和一第二端，其中該輸出電容器之該第一端係耦接至該輸出節點，而該輸出電容器之該第二端係耦接至一第六節點；以及一第三感測電阻器，具有一第一端和一第二端，其中該第三感測電阻器之該第一端係耦接至該第六節點，而該第三感測電阻器之該第二端係耦接至該共同節點；其中該微控制器更根據該時脈電位來產生該反相時脈電位；其中該微控制器更由該第六節點處接收一回授電位。 A power supply as claimed in claim 5, wherein the output stage circuit comprises: a second transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal of the second transistor is used to receive an inverted clock potential, the first terminal of the second transistor is coupled to an output node to output the output potential, and the second terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the fourth node to receive the induced potential; an output capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the output capacitor is coupled to the output node, and the second terminal of the output capacitor is coupled to a sixth node; and a third sensing resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the third sensing resistor is coupled to the sixth node, and the second terminal of the third sensing resistor is coupled to the common node; The microcontroller further generates the inverted clock potential according to the clock potential; The microcontroller further receives a feedback potential from the sixth node.

如請求項6之電源供應器，其中若該微控制器判斷該偵測電位於一特定時間點時初次下降至0，則該微控制器即準備好要持續地監控該電感電流之該響應斜率。A power supply as claimed in claim 6, wherein if the microcontroller determines that the detection potential drops to 0 for the first time at a specific time point, the microcontroller is ready to continuously monitor the response slope of the inductor current.

如請求項7之電源供應器，其中在該特定時間點之後，當該時脈電位具有高邏輯位準時，該微控制器即根據該第一感測電阻器之該電位差來計算出該電感電流之一取樣斜率。A power supply as claimed in claim 7, wherein after the specific time point, when the clock potential has a high logic level, the microcontroller calculates a sampling slope of the inductor current based on the potential difference of the first sensing resistor.

如請求項8之電源供應器，其中在該特定時間點之後，當該時脈電位具有低邏輯位準時，該微控制器即於複數個偵測時間區間內將該電感電流之該響應斜率與該取樣斜率之一相反數作比較，而其中若該電感電流之該響應斜率與該取樣斜率之該相反數兩者不相等，則該微控制器將判斷該電感電流之該響應斜率已然發生異常。As in the power supply of claim 8, wherein after the specific time point, when the clock potential has a low logical level, the microcontroller compares the response slope of the inductor current with an inverse of the sampling slope within a plurality of detection time intervals, and wherein if the response slope of the inductor current and the inverse of the sampling slope are not equal, the microcontroller will determine that an abnormality has occurred in the response slope of the inductor current.

如請求項9之電源供應器，其中若該回授電位高於或等於一臨界電位，則該微控制器更將縮短該等偵測時間區間之每一者之長度。As in the power supply of claim 9, if the feedback potential is higher than or equal to a critical potential, the microcontroller will further shorten the length of each of the detection time intervals.