TWI820721B - fluid monitoring device - Google Patents
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種流體監測裝置，用於量測一流體的流動，該流體監測裝置包括一中空管、一加熱纜線以及一光纖溫度量測主機。該中空管定義一軸線，該軸線概略沿該中空管的中心延伸。該加熱纜線沿該軸線穿設於該中空管中，可主動向外提供熱能。該光纖溫度量測主機具有一光纖纜線，該光纖纜線局部設置於該中空管上，用以放置於該流體中，以量測該流體的溫度。其中，該光纖溫度量測主機 測定該流體中溫度變化量與時間的關係，藉由該加熱纜線提供熱能，並由該光纖纜線得到溫度隨時間的變化量，用以計算後測定該流體中特定區域的流速。The invention relates to a fluid monitoring device for measuring the flow of a fluid. The fluid monitoring device includes a hollow tube, a heating cable and an optical fiber temperature measurement host. The hollow tube defines an axis extending generally along the center of the hollow tube. The heating cable is passed through the hollow tube along the axis and can actively provide heat energy to the outside. The optical fiber temperature measuring host has an optical fiber cable, which is partially disposed on the hollow tube and used to be placed in the fluid to measure the temperature of the fluid. Among them, the optical fiber temperature measurement host measures the relationship between the temperature change in the fluid and time, provides heat energy through the heating cable, and obtains the temperature change with time from the optical fiber cable to calculate and measure the fluid. flow rate in a specific area.
Description
本發明係關於一種流體監測裝置，特別是一種利用光纖測溫而可測量流體的流向及流速的流體監測裝置。The present invention relates to a fluid monitoring device, in particular to a fluid monitoring device that uses optical fiber temperature measurement to measure the flow direction and flow rate of a fluid.
由於水文地質環境的非均質性，欲更加瞭解其複雜的水文循環與交互作用過程，對於研究區域在空間解析度上的需求也日漸增加。近年來，分散式光纖溫度感測器（fiber optical distributed temperature sensor, FO-DTS），為一種創新的量測技術，透過雷射在光纖內傳遞的過程中，雷射脈衝（laser pulse）之拉曼散射（Raman scattering）對於外在環境溫度的敏感性，進行溫度之量測。Due to the heterogeneity of the hydrogeological environment, in order to better understand its complex hydrological cycle and interaction processes, the demand for spatial resolution in the study area is also increasing. In recent years, fiber optical distributed temperature sensor (FO-DTS) is an innovative measurement technology. During the process of laser transmission in the optical fiber, the laser pulse (laser pulse) is Raman scattering (Raman scattering) is sensitive to the external environmental temperature and measures the temperature.
圖1為傳統以分散式光纖溫度感測器進行地下水井溫度量測示意圖。如圖所示，分散式光纖溫度感測器D對監測井W 1以及熱注入井W 2進行地下水井溫度量測。當量測時，將第一分散式光纖溫度感測器結構D 1置入熱注入井W 2，以及第二分散式光纖溫度感測器結構D 2置入監測井W 1。其中，第一分散式光纖溫度感測器結構D 1包含有第一分散式光纖溫度感測器纜線D 11、第一測量單元D 12及加熱單元D 13；至於第二分散式光纖溫度感測器結構D 2包含有第二分散式光纖溫度感測器纜線D 21。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of traditional groundwater well temperature measurement using distributed optical fiber temperature sensors. As shown in the figure, the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor D measures the groundwater well temperature of the monitoring well W1 and the heat injection well W2 . When measuring, the first distributed optical fiber temperature sensor structure D 1 is placed in the heat injection well W 2 , and the second distributed optical fiber temperature sensor structure D 2 is placed in the monitoring well W 1 . Among them, the first distributed optical fiber temperature sensor structure D 1 includes a first distributed optical fiber temperature sensor cable D 11 , a first measurement unit D 12 and a heating unit D 13 ; as for the second distributed optical fiber temperature sensor The sensor structure D 2 includes a second distributed optical fiber temperature sensor cable D 21 .
當量測地下水G 1之溫度時，熱注入井W 2中之加熱單元D 13係加熱地下水G 2，藉此以該被加熱之地下水G 2作熱示蹤劑。監測井W 1以及熱注入井W 2間距有含水層B，因此，地下水G 2經由含水層B流到監測井W 1中，第二分散式光纖溫度感測器結構D 2即可量測地下水G 1之溫度變化。透過上述測量方式可測得加熱單元D 13所提供的熱能需要多少時間能引起地下水G 1的溫度改變，並可藉此計算得知熱注入井W 2與監測井W 1之間的水體流動速度。 When measuring the temperature of groundwater G 1 , the heating unit D 13 in the heat injection well W 2 heats the groundwater G 2 , thereby using the heated groundwater G 2 as a thermal tracer. There is an aquifer B between the monitoring well W 1 and the heat injection well W 2. Therefore, the groundwater G 2 flows into the monitoring well W 1 through the aquifer B. The second distributed optical fiber temperature sensor structure D 2 can measure the ground water. Temperature change of G 1 . Through the above measurement method, it can be measured how long it takes for the heat energy provided by the heating unit D 13 to cause the temperature change of the groundwater G 1 , and the water flow speed between the heat injection well W 2 and the monitoring well W 1 can be calculated. .
然而，要以傳統的分散式光纖溫度感測器佈置方式量測水體流速，至少需要對兩口地下水井進行測定，分別對熱注入井以及監測井測定溫度變化，才可得知單一方向的水體流速。如要測得精確的水體流向，更須同時測定多口水井中溫度隨時間變化關係，以測得水體在各方向的流速，才有足夠的資料可供辨識地下水體的流動方向。However, to measure the water flow velocity using the traditional distributed optical fiber temperature sensor arrangement, at least two groundwater wells need to be measured, and the temperature changes of the heat injection well and the monitoring well are measured respectively, so that the water flow velocity in a single direction can be known. . To accurately measure the flow direction of water, it is necessary to simultaneously measure the temperature changes with time in multiple wells to measure the flow velocity of water in all directions. Only then will there be enough data to identify the flow direction of groundwater.
本發明的主要目的在於提供一流體監測裝置，使用分散式光纖溫度感測器搭配一中空管及一加熱纜線，透過分散式光纖溫度感測器的光纖纜線纏繞於中空管外側，以對中空管的不同方位進行測溫，可達到僅藉由測量單一口監測井，即能同時獲得井下水體之流速與流向的效果。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fluid monitoring device that uses a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor with a hollow tube and a heating cable. The optical fiber cable of the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is wound around the outside of the hollow tube. By measuring the temperature of the hollow tube in different directions, it is possible to simultaneously obtain the flow rate and direction of the underground water body by measuring only a single monitoring well.
為達上述目的，本發明揭露一種流體監測裝置，用於量測一流體的流動。該流體監測裝置包括一中空管、一加熱纜線以及一光纖溫度量測主機 。該中空管定義一軸線，該軸線概略沿該中空管的中心延伸。該加熱纜線沿該軸線穿設於該中空管中，可主動向外提供熱能。該光纖溫度量測主機 具有一光纖纜線，該光纖纜線局部設置於該中空管上，用以放置於該流體中，以量測該流體的溫度。其中，該光纖溫度量測主機 測定該流體中溫度變化量與時間的關係，藉由該加熱纜線提供熱能，並由該光纖纜線得到溫度隨時間的變化量，用以計算後測定該流體中特定區域的流速。To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a fluid monitoring device for measuring the flow of a fluid. The fluid monitoring device includes a hollow tube, a heating cable and an optical fiber temperature measurement host. The hollow tube defines an axis extending generally along the center of the hollow tube. The heating cable is passed through the hollow tube along the axis and can actively provide heat energy to the outside. The optical fiber temperature measuring host has an optical fiber cable, which is partially disposed on the hollow tube and used to be placed in the fluid to measure the temperature of the fluid. Among them, the optical fiber temperature measurement host measures the relationship between the temperature change in the fluid and time, provides heat energy through the heating cable, and obtains the temperature change with time from the optical fiber cable to calculate and measure the fluid. flow rate in a specific area.
該光纖溫度量測主機 為一分散式光纖溫度感測系統，該光纖溫度量測主機 包含一雷射發射器及一測量單元，該雷射發射器可朝向該光纖纜線發射一脈衝，該測量單元可藉由偵測該脈衝的反射，以分析該光纖纜線於特定位置的溫度。The optical fiber temperature measurement host is a decentralized optical fiber temperature sensing system. The optical fiber temperature measurement host includes a laser transmitter and a measurement unit. The laser transmitter can emit a pulse toward the optical fiber cable. The measurement The unit can analyze the temperature of the fiber optic cable at a specific location by detecting the reflection of the pulse.
該中空管具有複數測定方位，該光纖纜線對應設置於該中空管而形成複數測量區段，所述測量區段分別沿著該軸線位於該中空管的所述測定方位，比較各測定方位隨時間的溫度變化量的差異，可得知該流體於特定區域的流向。The hollow tube has a plurality of measurement orientations, and the optical fiber cable is correspondingly disposed on the hollow tube to form a plurality of measurement sections. The measurement sections are respectively located at the measurement orientations of the hollow tube along the axis. Compare each measurement section. By measuring the difference in temperature change in orientation over time, the flow direction of the fluid in a specific area can be known.
所述測定方位及所述測量區段數量至少為四個以上，以維持測量的精確度。The number of the measured orientation and the measured sections is at least four to maintain the accuracy of the measurement.
該流體監測裝置測量時，該中空管會垂直放置於該流體中，該軸線會與水平面呈垂直，使所述測量區段位於該流體中的同樣高度。When the fluid monitoring device measures, the hollow tube will be placed vertically in the fluid, and the axis will be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, so that the measurement section is located at the same height in the fluid.
各所述測量區段包含複數測量點，所述測量點分別組成高低不一的複數測量組。Each measurement section includes a plurality of measurement points, and the measurement points respectively form a plurality of measurement groups of different heights.
該中空管具有一管體及複數套筒，所述套筒沿該軸線相間隔地套設於該管體上，該光纖纜線的局部概略以該軸線為中心沿該管體，平行於中心呈直線延伸，並呈彎曲狀的纏繞固定於所述套筒上。The hollow tube has a tube body and a plurality of sleeves. The sleeves are spaced on the tube body along the axis. The partial outline of the optical fiber cable is centered along the tube body and parallel to the axis. The center extends in a straight line and is wound and fixed on the sleeve in a curved shape.
該光纖纜線包含複數轉折點，所述轉折點上下交錯，該光纖纜線上相鄰的其中兩個所述轉折點之間具有其中一所述測量區段。The optical fiber cable includes a plurality of turning points, the turning points are staggered up and down, and there is one of the measurement sections between two adjacent turning points on the optical fiber cable.
該中空管的該管體是由鐵絲網捲繞而形成。The tube body of the hollow tube is formed by winding wire mesh.
該流體監測裝置更包含複數固定件，該光纖纜線包含複數固定區段，分別鄰接於所述測量區段，所述固定區段透過所述固定件固設於該中空管上。The fluid monitoring device further includes a plurality of fixing members, the optical fiber cable includes a plurality of fixing sections, respectively adjacent to the measurement section, and the fixing sections are fixed on the hollow tube through the fixing members.
所述固定件為魔鬼氈、磁鐵、膠帶、束帶或扣件。The fixing parts are Velcro, magnets, tapes, straps or fasteners.
請參閱圖2，所示為本發明一實施例的流體監測裝置1000，用於量測一流體2000的流動，其中流體2000可以是氣體或液體，於本發明主要實施例中，流體監測裝置1000用以量測一地下水井W中的水體。流體監測裝置1000包括一中空管1、一加熱纜線2、一光纖溫度量測主機3以及複數固定件4。Please refer to Figure 2, which shows a
請一併參閱圖3及圖4，中空管1定義一軸線X，軸線X概略沿中空管1的中心延伸。中空管1具有複數測定方位，所述測定方位較佳以軸線X為中心等角度間隔排列，在測定上獲得的資訊較為精準，且分析計算也相對較容易。圖3的中空管1外圍記號標誌處即為光纖溫度量測主機3的一光纖纜線31在本實施例中的設置位置，分別對應本實施例中的所述測定方位。中空管1具有一管體11及複數套筒12，套筒12沿軸線X相間隔地套設於管體11上。於一實施例中，管體11是由鐵絲網捲繞而形成，管體11及所述套筒12長度配置沒有限制，可依實際需要而調整等長或不同長度；以及所述套筒12數量或間距亦可依據管體11的長度調整。Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 together. The
加熱纜線2沿軸線X穿設於中空管1中，可主動向外提供熱能，加熱纜線2提供的熱能是本發明流體監測裝置1000分析流體2000的流速及流向的主要依據。圖3所示的中空管1內部的十字及圓圈記號，分別表示加熱纜線2沿圖面穿入及穿出，也就是加熱纜線2概略由中空管1中央沿軸線X穿設再沿原路返回。The
光纖溫度量測主機 3為一分散式光纖溫度感測系統，光纖溫度量測主機 3包含一光纖纜線31一雷射發射器32及一測量單元33。光纖纜線31是與雷射發射器32及測量單元33配合使用，以測量光纖纜線31特定位置的溫度。詳細而言，光纖溫度量測主機 3測量流體2000溫度的方式是透過雷射發射器32朝向光纖纜線31發射一脈衝，測量單元33可藉由偵測該脈衝的反射，以分析光纖纜線31於特定位置的溫度。The optical fiber
光纖纜線31局部設置於中空管1上，用以放置於流體2000中，以量測流體2000的溫度。如圖2至圖4所示，光纖纜線31的局部對應所述測定方位設置於中空管1，具體而言，光纖纜線31概略以軸線X為中心沿管體11，平行於軸線X呈直線延伸，並同時以彎曲狀纏繞固定於所述套筒12上。光纖纜線31包含複數測量區段311、複數轉折點312以及複數固定區段313。所述測量區段311分別沿著軸線X位於中空管1的所述測定方位，圖5為光纖纜線31的測量區段311與加熱纜線2的分布位置示意圖，顯示測量區段311及加熱纜線2位於流體2000中的相對關係。所述測定方位及所述測量區段311數量至少為四個以上，以維持測量的精確度。本實施例中測定方位及測量區段311數量以四個為例說明，即各測定方位以軸線X為中心呈90度間隔排列(東西南北四個測定方位)，如圖3所示，中空管1外圍的十字及圓圈記號分別表示光纖纜線31穿入及穿出紙面，也就是光纖纜線31固定於中空管1外側，並藉由纏繞方式使位於所述套筒12之間的測量區段311分別對齊至所述測定方位。各所述測量區段311包含複數測量點3111，所述測量點3111分別組成高低不一的複數測量組，如位於水深8公尺的四個測量點3111組成一組測量組，位於水深9公尺的四個測量點3111組成另一組測量組。所述轉折點312因光纖纜線31的彎曲狀纏繞而上下交錯，光纖纜線31上相鄰的其中兩個轉折點312之間具有其中一所述測量區段311。固定區段313分別鄰接於所述測量區段311，所述固定區段313透過所述固定件4固設於中空管1的所述套筒12上，以將所述測量區段311分別定位於所述測定方位中。The
如圖4及圖6所示，光纖纜線31來回彎折地纏繞於中空管1上，並以所述固定件4將固定區段313(即測量區段311的兩側)固定於所述套筒12，使所述測量區段311平行軸線X延伸。其中，所述固定件4為魔鬼氈、磁鐵、膠帶、束帶或扣件。As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 , the
請參閱圖7A至圖7C，所述固定件4包含一固定端41與一被固定端42。固定件4藉由固定端41與被固定端42對接，而包圍光纖纜線31，並固定光纖纜線31於固定件4與套筒12之間。Referring to FIGS. 7A to 7C , the fixing
上述之固定件4可為魔鬼氈、磁鐵、膠帶、束帶或扣件其中之一。當固定件4為魔鬼氈，固定端41以及被固定端42具有魔鬼氈表面，如圖7A所示。當固定件4為扣件，固定端41具有公扣合部411，以及被固定端42具有一母扣合部421，如圖7B所示。當固定件4為磁鐵，固定端41為一N極磁鐵412，以及被固定端42為一S極磁鐵422，如圖7C所示。The above-mentioned
本發明流體監測裝置1000的運作原理於以下說明。光纖溫度量測主機 3測定流體2000中溫度變化量與時間的關係，是藉由加熱纜線2提供熱能，熱能會自加熱纜線2通過流體2000向外流動，配合光纖纜線31測量流體2000溫度的效果，可得知在加熱纜線2開始提供熱能後，特定位置溫度隨時間的變化量，藉由Simon et al.(2021)及Zlotnik and Tartakovsky(2018)所提出的理論公式，用以計算後測定流體2000中特定區域的流速。除此之外，透過比較同一測量組中各測定方位的測量點3111隨時間的溫度變化量的差異，可以判別流體2000中特定高度(或深度)的流體2000流向。The operating principle of the
應注意的是，流體監測裝置1000測量時，中空管1會垂直放置於流體2000中，軸線X會與水平面呈垂直，使所述測量區段311位於流體2000中的同樣高度。It should be noted that when the
綜上所述，本發明流體監測裝置利用中空管作為基座，在中空管上同時設置熱源以及測量溫度用的光纖纜線，將原本分散配置的熱源及觀測點集中設置，使測量流體的流速及流向所需配置精簡至單一中空管上。在量測地下水體時，僅需單一水井即可進行測量，大幅降低測量的場地需求，且本發明流體監測裝置所測得之流向，較習知的流向測量方式有更高的精確度。To sum up, the fluid monitoring device of the present invention uses a hollow tube as a base, and sets a heat source and an optical fiber cable for temperature measurement on the hollow tube at the same time. The originally dispersed heat sources and observation points are centrally arranged, so that the measured fluid can be measured The required configuration of flow rate and flow direction is simplified to a single hollow tube. When measuring underground water bodies, only a single well can be used for measurement, which greatly reduces the need for measurement sites. Moreover, the flow direction measured by the fluid monitoring device of the present invention is more accurate than the conventional flow direction measurement method.
上述的實施例僅用來例舉本發明的實施態樣，以及闡釋本發明的技術特徵，並非用來限制本發明的保護範疇。任何熟悉此技術者可輕易完成的改變或均等性的安排均屬於本發明所主張的範圍，本發明的權利保護範圍應以申請專利範圍為準。The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the implementation aspects of the present invention and to illustrate the technical features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or equivalence arrangements that can be easily accomplished by those skilled in the art fall within the scope claimed by the present invention, and the scope of protection of the rights of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of the patent application.
1000:流體監測裝置 2000:流體 1:中空管 11:管體 12:套筒 2:加熱纜線 3:光纖溫度量測主機 31:光纖纜線 311:測量區段 3111:測量點 312:轉折點 313:固定區段 32:雷射發射器 33:測量單元 4:固定件 41:固定端 411:公扣合部 412:N極磁鐵 42:被固定端 421:母扣合部 422:S極磁鐵 D:分散式光纖溫度感測器 D1:第一分散式光纖溫度感測器結構 D11:第一分散式光纖溫度感測器纜線 D12:第一測量單元 D13:加熱單元 D2:第二分散式光纖溫度感測器結構 D21:第二分散式光纖溫度感測器纜線 P:功率分析儀 G1:地下水 G2:地下水 W:地下水井 W1:監測井 W2:熱注入井 X:軸線1000: Fluid monitoring device 2000: Fluid 1: Hollow tube 11: Pipe body 12:Sleeve 2:Heating cable 3: Optical fiber temperature measurement host 31: Fiber optic cable 311: Measurement section 3111: Measuring point 312:Turning point 313: Fixed section 32:Laser launcher 33:Measurement unit 4: Fixtures 41: Fixed end 411:Public buckle joint 412: N pole magnet 42: Fixed end 421:Female fastener part 422: S pole magnet D: Dispersed optical fiber temperature sensor D1: The first distributed optical fiber temperature sensor structure D11: The first decentralized fiber optic temperature sensor cable D12: First measurement unit D13: Heating unit D2: Second distributed optical fiber temperature sensor structure D21: Second distributed fiber optic temperature sensor cable P: Power analyzer G1: Groundwater G2: Groundwater W: Groundwater well W1: Monitoring well W2: Heat injection well X: axis
圖1為傳統以分散式光纖溫度感測器進行水井溫度量測示意圖； 圖2為本發明流體監測裝置以光纖溫度量測主機 量測水井中水體的流速及流向的示意圖； 圖3為本發明流體監測裝置的中空管與加熱纜線及光纖纜線的位置關係示意圖； 圖4為本發明流體監測裝置的局部示意圖； 圖5為本發明流體監測裝置加熱纜線及光纖纜線的分布示意圖； 圖6為本發明流體監測裝置的另一局部示意圖； 圖7A為本發明一實施例的固定件示意圖； 圖7B為本發明一實施例的固定件示意圖；以及 圖7C為本發明一實施例的固定件示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of traditional water well temperature measurement using distributed optical fiber temperature sensors; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the fluid monitoring device of the present invention using an optical fiber temperature measurement host to measure the flow rate and flow direction of water in a water well; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the hollow tube, the heating cable and the optical fiber cable of the fluid monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the fluid monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of heating cables and optical fiber cables of the fluid monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 6 is another partial schematic diagram of the fluid monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 7A is a schematic diagram of a fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7B is a schematic diagram of a fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 7C is a schematic diagram of a fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1000:流體監測裝置 1000: Fluid monitoring device
2000:流體 2000: Fluid
1:中空管 1: Hollow tube
11:管體 11: Pipe body
12:套筒 12:Sleeve
2:加熱纜線 2:Heating cable
3:光纖溫度量測主機 3: Optical fiber temperature measurement host
31:光纖纜線 31: Fiber optic cable
32:雷射發射器 32:Laser launcher
33:測量單元 33:Measurement unit
4:固定件 4: Fixtures
W:地下水井 W: Groundwater well
X:軸線 X: axis
Claims (10)
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