TWI811241B - 用於無線電力傳輸及通訊之系統及方法 - Google Patents
用於無線電力傳輸及通訊之系統及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
Abstract
揭露一種系統,其包含無線電力接收器、耦合至其無線電力接收器之電池充電系統,且配置成使用從其無線電力接收器接收之電力對電池充電、以及耦合至其無線電力接收器及其電池充電系統之無線資料通訊系統,其無線資料通訊系統配置成決定電力需求,且使用其無線電力接收器傳輸其電力需求。
Description
本案主張2017年9月18日提交之美國專利臨時案第62/560,155號之優先權,其全部內容納入本文作為參考。
本揭露一般涉及無線電力傳輸及通訊,且更具體地涉及用於無線電力傳輸及通訊之系統及方法,其提供資料封包格式及其它適合的特性,以改善其無線電力傳輸及通訊。
無線電力傳輸係為習知的,但通常為簡單的且不包含額外的功能性。
揭露一種系統,其包含無線電力接收器、耦合至其無線電力接收器之電池充電系統,且配置成使用從其無線電力接收器接收之電力對電池充電,以及耦合至其無線電力接收器及其電池充電系統之無線資料通訊系統,其無線資料通訊系統配置成決定電力需求,且使用其無線電力接收器傳輸其電力需求。
本揭露之其它系統、方法、特性及優點,在察看以下圖式及詳細描述,對所屬技術領域具有通常知識者將為或將變得顯而易見。旨在藉由申請專利範圍,保護本說明書之內及本揭露之範疇之內附加的系統、方法、特性及優點。
100:資料封包格式
102:封包
200:系統
202:接收器
204:發射器
206:接收器主控制單元
208、214:交換器
210:整流器
212:頻率偵測
216:分頻器
218:發射器至接收器之警報/重置
220:資料調變器
222:降壓調節器
224:充電控制器
226、228:警報指示器
230、232:電流源
300:濾波器電路
400:圖表
402:橋接器
502:閒置狀態
504、508、512、518、530:判斷電壓
506:啟用電力供應
510:開啟阻隔FET
514:選擇預充電位準
516:執行充電位準
520、526:訊號編碼及傳輸
522:結束充電協定
524:判斷電流
528:執行終端協定
C0、C1、C2:檢查位元
E1、E2、E3、E4、E5:擴充位元
E0、D0、P1:功率位元
PRE:初步序列
ST:起始序列
藉由參考以下圖式可更好的理解本揭露之態樣。圖式中之構件可按比例,但重點係在清楚地說明本揭露之原理。此外,在圖式中,相同之元件符號在若干視圖中表示對應之部件:第1圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,展示例示性資料封包格式之圖式;第2圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,用於利用資料封包格式之系統之圖式;第3圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例之濾波器電路之圖式;第4圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,用於控制接收器選擇性地傳輸資料至發射器之圖式;以及第5圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,用於控制無線電力接收器之電池充電之演算法。
在以下描述中,整體說明書及圖式中,相同部件藉由相同元件符號標示。其圖式可依照比例,且某些構件可在通用或示意之形式中展示,且為了清楚及簡要起見,可藉由通用規號辨識。
無線電力介面可根據調諧驅動其及調諧接收器最大化電力傳輸。可藉由調變接收器側上之電容性負載來管理調變負載處之電壓及電流驅動能力之通訊,其產生訊號至發射器側之反射。然而,調變其接收器會造成接收器複雜網絡之失諧,降低電力傳送之效率。藉由最小化其接收器側之通訊所需之脈衝數量,可控制失諧。為了解決此過去未辨識之問題,揭露一種在通訊封包之間使用頻率及脈衝延時之新方法,其提供技術解決方案至當相同通道包含資料傳輸時,電力傳輸之失諧問題。
第1圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,展示例示資料封包格式100之圖式。其資料封包格式100提供特定於無線電力及通訊系統之功能,像是藉由資料脈衝頻率及延時之最小化防止失諧。
資料封包格式100包含封包102,其每個tsym週期傳輸一次,其封包延時大致上低於tsym以防止失諧。每個封包102可包含以下位元之一或更多個:PRE:一或多個脈衝之初步序列,其每個具有適合的脈衝寬度,像是20微秒,假設有二或更多脈衝,其每個脈衝可藉由預定之時間周期分開,像是250微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是1000微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間內之任意適合的點。
ST:一或多個脈衝之起始序列,其每個具有適合的脈衝寬度,像是20微秒,藉由預定時間分開且具有總預定時間,像是1000微秒。其脈衝可開始在預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間內之任意適合的點。
P1:具有適合的脈衝寬度之功率位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是750微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
P0:具有適合的脈衝寬度之功率位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是500微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
D0:具有適合的脈衝寬度之功率位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是500微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
E5-E1:擴充位元,其每個擴充位元具有適合的脈衝寬度之功率位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是500微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
E0:具有適合的脈衝寬度之功率位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是750微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
C2:具有適合的脈衝寬度之控制紀錄檢查位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是500微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
C1-C0:控制紀錄檢查位元,其每個控制紀錄檢查位元具有適合的脈衝寬度之功率位元,像是20微秒,且具有總預定時間,像是750微秒。其脈衝可開始在其預定時間之起點、可發生在其預定時間之終點或可發生在其預定時間之延時期間之任意適合的點。
資料位元D0可設置預定值,像是「0」以表示擴充封包係使用中。用於擴充封包之擴充位元E5至E2可設定預定值,像是「0 0 0 0」。
控制記錄檢查位元可依據適合的控制紀錄協定編碼,像是在P1、P0、D0、E1及E0位元中編碼多個「1」位,或其它適合的資料。
在封包之內,封包寬度在時間上係不需固定,且可藉由不同通訊需求變化。每個位元值可藉由初始脈衝之降/升邊界,以及至下個升/降邊界脈衝之時間,或其它適合的編碼過程也可決定,或交替使用。為了極小化從誤讀取成脈衝邊緣之暫態雜訊,當脈衝已脈衝偵測器可用來施加演算法以決定脈衝何時已具有預定之臨界特徵,像是足夠高及/或足夠寬。脈衝偵測演算法依據觀測
到之偵測電壓或其它適合的參數可執行類比電路、數位濾波器或兩者之組合之使用。
藉由在通訊埠交換器(communication port switches)修正或調整電容值,像是在給定之時間編碼多位元之資料,接收器電路會在不同程度中失諧。藉由在傳輸端提供較高振幅之脈衝可達成失諧,然後可當作分辨訊號使用。適合的程序也可與多個接收器利用,以區分與共用發射器端溝通之接收器。此外,在通訊交換器之電容器可動態調整,以在通訊協定中提供額外之靈活性,像是主接收器及附屬接收器之建立。振幅調整也可在封包流中,不增加額外脈衝用以寄送額外位準之資訊,像是藉由使用相對二位準(二進至)之四位準,或其它適合的位準相關(level-related)之傳訊。
第2圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,用於利用資料封包格式100之一種系統200之圖式。其系統200包含發射器204、接收器202及接收器主控制單元206,每個系統可在硬體或硬體及軟體之適合的組合中實施。
發射器204傳輸電力訊號至接收器202,像是藉由與接收器202形成諧振電路(resonant circuit)以允許無線電力之有效傳輸。此外,發射器204在無線電力傳輸通道之上可接收資料通訊,像是藉由解碼已在無線電力傳輸通道上調變之資料。發射器204可因此包含一個或更多個用於控制諧振電路之形成、用於傳輸電力及用於接收資料之控制電路及系統,像是一個或更多個電晶體、電容器、電感器及一個或更多個控制器,像是已程式化之微控制器以執行預定功能及從無線電力傳輸通道分析編碼資料。
接收器202包含一個或更多個電路及系統,用於接收無線電力、形成且控制用於無線電力傳送之諧振通訊通道(resonant communications
channel)、對局部電池充電、從無線電力來源交換至局部電池當作電力來源、用於在諧振通訊通道之上傳輸至發射器之編碼狀態及操作條件資料,以及在降低諧振通訊通道之失諧之格式中傳輸編碼資料。接收器202可包含操作在一個或多個演算法之控制之下之微控制器,以提供及協調最小負載交換器208之功能、半同步整流器210、頻率偵測212、COM交換器214(com switch)、分頻器216(divider)、發射器至接收器之警報/重置218、資料調變器220、降壓調節器222(buck regulator)、充電控制器224、電流源230及232,以及其它適合之功能。
接收器主控制單元206提供一個或多個使用者指示器,或用於接收器202之控制,像是充電啟用控制(charge enable control)、充電指示器之末端、發射器至接收器之警報、資料調變器啟用(data modulator enable)等等。接收器主控制單元206可包含一個或多個電路及系統,像是可程式微控制器。
系統200調變在SYSOUT之恆定輸出電壓,其獨立於電池電壓VBAT,其電池電壓允許接收器202由電池供電。當電池電壓降至預定電壓以下,施加AC電力且啟用開關模式電力供應。當電池電壓低時,充電控制器224調變ISP電流之位準,以較低速率對電池線性充電,且當電池電壓係等於或大於預定值時,以浮充(top-off)速率充電。
在啟動模式之操作中,可管理提供至接收器202之PDC之電壓,以使用最小負載交換器208防止不希望之電壓峰值,其最小負載交換器208可允許提供最小負載以防止這些峰值。一旦操作係在穩定狀態中且系統係在封閉迴路控制之下,可關閉最小負載交換器208,使得從發射器204至接收器202之所有效率提升。
如討論(最大電力、增加電力、減少電力、無變化),接收器202端之電力管理,可藉由感測PDC電壓且之後產生用於在COM1及COM2之上傳輸之通訊封包管理。這些控制訊號可用於使發射器204藉由封包基礎(packet basis)在封包上調整功率輸出至接收器202。假設在PDC量測到之電壓太低,可編碼增加電力或寄送最大電力之控制,以使發射器204適當地反應,像是藉由使用搭配適合的程式之微控制器,以解碼具有功率位準指示之資料訊號,且因此以調整傳輸之功率位準。發射器204係配置成接收編碼資料及解碼資料,且以響應地修正發射器204梔子系統之操作。假設在PDC量測到之電壓太高,可編碼寄送較少電力或不發送電力之控制,用於在資料封包中傳輸,以使發射器204反應。至發射器204之資料通訊,可藉由失諧耦合至COM交換器214之電容器之諧振網路,或在其它適合的方式完成。
此外,系統200在中等負載條件之下可在較高的效率中操作,像是藉由使用半同步整流器210之半橋(half-bridge)配置,其半同步整流器可從半橋調製至全橋,當成系統之負載需求之功能。
在COM1埠及COM2埠之帶內通訊可在高頻執行,使得長距離傳輸可達成。此提供不必使用替代通訊鏈,像是藍芽這種可能增加系統之複雜度及成本之附加優點。
COM交換器214可藉由在接收器202中連接至微控制器之外部引腳控制,使得控制器可編碼及調製寄送至發射器204之資料、解碼從發射器204接收之資料或其它適合的目的。
電池之充電可使用充電啟用輸入CHG_EN(charge enable input)控制,且充電狀態之結束可在EOC輸出上指示。SYSOUT輸出端用於提供電力至藉
由接收器202控制之系統。當差分電壓(differential voltage)每次達到指示的門檻時,電流源232驅動熱敏電阻器RTEMP,且觸發警報指示器226(warning indicator)及關閉指示器228,當溫度上升或下降時其門檻可調節以適應不同位準。充電控制器224之浮充電壓設定可藉由TOP_SET引腳外部設定,像是藉由從電流源230提供電流至RTop。
第3圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例之濾波器電路300之圖式。濾波器電路300包含電壓源Vs、交換器S1、S2及S3、電感器L1及L2,以及電容器C1、C2及C3,其中之每個可為離散組件、在單一積體電路中之整合組件,或離散及積體電路之適合的組合,以及構件。
當藉由S1及S2行程之半橋在給定頻率切換時,在LC1之輸出觀察到增益。結果,在輸出線圈可實現較高的功率輸出。此外,藉由切入或斷開額外之電容及/或電感可調節LC1,且因此可調整在LC1之輸出達成之增益。此適用於高頻操作,像是使用在磁共振系統中。當S3段開時,可選電容C3可用於設定增益。此外,半橋可與全橋交替。
第4圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,用於控制接收器202以選擇性地傳輸資料至發射器204。發射器204包含二個耦合至整合發射控制器(integrated transmitter controller)、電感器,以及耦合至初級電感性耦合機構(primary of an inductive coupling mechanism)之三個電容之電容網(capacitive network)。接收器202包含耦合至次級電感性耦合機構之電晶體橋接器(transistor bridge)、耦合至電晶體之電流源、耦合至COM1及COM2之電晶體,以及在輸出耦合至電感器之電晶體,其輸出耦合至可選的電池充電器。圖表400之一個或更多個構件可等效至第2圖中所示之對應構件。
在接收器202上之橋接器402可用來當作輸出,以創造發射器功能。當接收器202係當作發射器使用時,降壓調節器222之輸出可操作在反向,以當作升壓調節器,以從電池VBAT提供升壓PDC至橋接器402,在此狀態中,其發射器藉由調整PDC電壓可具有藉由升壓調節器控制之功率輸出。
第5圖係根據本揭露之例示性實施例,用於控制在無線電力接收器之電池充電之演算法500。演算法500可在一個或多個處理器上實施。
演算法500起始在閒置狀態502中之接收器。在閒置狀態中,電池可耦合至系統輸出、阻隔FET、或其它適合的可被開啟之用於控制電池充電之交換器,以及其它適合的可採取之行為或可執行之狀態。之後演算法進行至504。
在504,係決定系統操作電壓PDC是否大於預定之欠壓鎖定位準(under voltage lockout level)。假設確定其電壓不大於欠壓鎖定位準,演算法返回至502,否則演算法進行至506。
在506,係啟用開關模式電力供應,且演算法進行至508,其決定反饋電壓是否大於系統輸出電壓。假設反饋電壓係大於系統輸出電壓,演算法返回至506,否則演算法進行至510,開啟阻隔FET,像是允許電池充電。演算法之後進行至512。
在512,係決定電池電壓是否大於預定電壓位準。假設係確定電池電壓不大於其位準,演算法進行至514,係選擇電池充電之預充電位準,像是在較低位準。此外,電池狀態資料在諧振無線電力傳輸通道上,或其它適合的通訊媒介上可編碼及調製。否則,演算法進行至516,執行正常電池充電位準。演算法之後進行至518。
在518,係決定反饋電壓是否等於預定終端電壓。假設反饋電壓不等於預定終端電壓,演算法返回至516,否則演算法進行至520,90%之充電控制訊號被編碼,且從接收器傳輸至發射器。演算法之後進行至522。
在522,係執行充電協定之結束,像是藉由調製系統輸出之電壓位準當作終端電壓之功能,或在其它適合的方式。此外,充電資料之末端在諧振無線電力傳輸通道上,或其它適合的媒介上可編碼及調製。演算法之後進行至524。
在524,係決定電池電流是否少於預定位準。假設不少於,演算法返回至522,否則演算法進行至526,100%充電控制訊號被編碼且從接收器傳輸至發射器。演算法之後進行至528。
在528,執行終端協定。在例示性實施例中,系統輸出電壓可調節至終端電壓、可禁止充電、可斷接電池、訊號可提供至充電輸出指示器之終端、電池/充電或其它狀態資料在諧振無線電力傳輸通道上,或在其它適合的通訊媒介上可編碼及調製,以及其它適合的程序也可,或交替使用。演算法之後進行至530。
在530,係決定電池電壓是否少於終端電壓減去預定量,像是60mV。假設不少於,演算法返回至528,否則演算法返回至522。
即使演算法500如流程圖所示,對所屬技術領域具有通常知識者將理解的是,其可當作一個或更多個分離的流程圖、狀態機或在其他適合的方式中執行。
額外之例示性實施例也提供用於本揭露提供非限制性示例之目的。用於部件、電路構件、電路佈局或其相似物所揭露之任意特定值之範圍,
那些值係例示性,且對所屬技術領域具有通常知識者將理解的是,利用本文揭露之發明概念是用至其它設計。
如本文所用,單數形式「一」、「一個」及「該」旨在也包含複數形式,除非上下文另有明確說明。將進一步理解,當在本說明書中使用時,術語「包括」及/或「包含」指定特性、整數、步驟、操作、元件及/或構件之存在,但不排除存在或者增加一個或更多個其它特性、整數、步驟、操作、元素,構件及/或其群組。如這裡所使用的,術語「及/或」包含一個或更多個相關所列項目的任何和所有組合。如本文所用,像是「在X和Y之間」及「在約X和Y之間」的短語應該被解釋為包括X和Y。如本文所使用的,像是「在約X和Y之間」的短語意味著「在約X和Y之間」。如本文所用,像是「從約X到Y」的短語表示「從約X到約Y」。
如本文所使用的,「硬體」可包含離散構件,積體電路,專用積體電路,現場可程式閘陣列或其它適合的硬體之組合。如本文所使用的,「軟體」可包含一個或更多個物件、代理者、線(threads)、代碼行(lines of code)、次常式(subroutine)、分離的軟體應用程式、兩個或更多個代碼行,或在兩個或更多個軟體應用程式中操作的其它適合的軟體結構,在一個或更多個更多處理器(其中處理器包括一個或多個微電腦或其它適合的資料處理單元、記憶體裝置、輸入輸出裝置、顯示器,像是鍵盤或滑鼠之資料輸入裝置、像是印表機及揚聲器的周邊裝置、相關驅動器、控制卡、功率源、網路裝置、攜型電腦站裝置,或在軟體系統之控制之下結合處理器或其它裝置操作之其它適合的裝置),或其它適合的軟體結構。在例示性實施例中,軟體可包含在通用軟體應用程式,像是作業系統中操作之一行或多行代碼或其它適合的軟體結構,以及一行或多行
代碼或以特定目的操作之其它適合的軟體結構。如本文所使用的,術語「耦合」及其同源術語,例如「耦合」和「耦合」,可以包括實體連接(例如銅導體)、虛擬連接(例如通過隨機分配之儲存器位置)、邏輯連接(例如通過半導體元件之邏輯閘)、其它適合的連接,或這種連接之適當組合。術語「資料」可指用於使用、傳送或儲存資料之適合的結構,例如資料欄位、資料緩衝器、具有數據值和發送器/接收器位址資料之資料消息、具有資料值之控制消息,以及一個或更多個操作器,其使得接收系統或構件,以執行使用數據之功能,或者使用其它適合的用於資料之電子處理之硬體或軟體構件。
通常,軟體系統是在處理器上操作,以響應於預定資料欄位執行預定功能之系統。舉例來說,系統可以藉由它執行之功能及它執行功能之資料欄位定義。如本文所使用的,NAME系統,其中NAME通常是由系統執行之一般功能之名稱,是指被配置為在處理器上操作,且對所揭露之資料欄位執行所揭露之功能之軟體系統。除非揭露特定演算法,否則所屬領域具有通常知識者用於使用相關資料欄位執行功能之任何適合之演算法,都被認為落入本揭露之範圍內。舉例來說,消息系統產生包含發送方位址欄位、接收方位址欄位及消息欄位之消息,將包含在處理器上運行的軟體,該處理器可以從適合的系統獲得發送方位址欄位、接收方位址欄位及消息欄位,或處理器的設備,像是緩衝裝置或緩衝系統,可以將發送方位址欄位、接收方位址欄位及消息欄位組合成合適的電子消息格式(像是電子郵件消息,TCP/IP消息或任何其他適合的,具有發送方位址欄位、接收方位址欄位及消息欄位之消息格式),且可以在通訊媒介之上使用電子消息系統和處理器之裝置,像是網路,來發送電子消息。所屬領域具有通常知識者將能夠基於前述揭露內容提供特定應用之特定編碼,其旨
在闡述本揭露之例示性實施例,而不是為具有少於所屬領域具有通常知識者提供教程,像是不熟悉程式的人或適合的程式語言之處理器。用於執行功能的特定演算法可以以流程圖形式或以其他適合的格式提供,其中資料欄位和相關功能可以例示性操作之順序闡述,其中順序可以重新排列為適合的,且除非明確說明是限制性的,否則非旨在限制。
應該強調的是,以上描述之實施例僅是可能實現的示例。在不脫離本揭露之原理之情況下,可對以上描述之實施例進行許多變化和修改。所有這些修改和變化旨在包含在本揭露之範疇之內並且由申請專利範圍保護。
502:閒置狀態
504、508、512、518、530:判斷電壓
506:啟用電力供應
510:開啟阻隔FET
514:選擇預充電位準
516:執行充電位準
520、526:訊號編碼及傳輸
522:結束充電協定
524:判斷電流
528:執行終端協定
Claims (16)
- 一種用於無線電力傳輸及通訊之系統,包含:一無線電力接收器;一電池充電系統,該電池充電系統耦合至該無線電力接收器,且配置成使用從該無線電力接收器接收之電力對電池充電;一無線資料通訊系統,該無線資料通訊系統耦合至該無線電力接收器及該電池充電系統,該無線資料通訊系統配置成決定一電力需求且使用該無線電力接收器傳輸該電力需求,由無線電力接收器的頻率偵測器偵測到源自傳輸頻率且不同於傳輸頻率的頻率傳輸電力需求;以及一資料編碼系統,該資料編碼系統配置成編碼一或複數個位元至資料封包中,以控制傳輸至該無線電力接收器之電力訊號。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,其中每個位元包含降低共振之損失之脈衝寬度。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,其中至少二位元用於指示傳輸更多電力。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,其中至少二位元組用於指示不改變一傳輸電力之位準。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,其中至少二位元用於指示傳輸較少電力。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,其中至少二位元用於指示不再傳輸電力。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,其中至少二位元用於指示電池充電位準。
- 如請求項1所述之系統,,其中至少二位元用於指示控 制紀錄檢查。
- 一種用於無線電力傳輸及通訊之方法,包含:在一無線電力接收器接收電力;使用從該無線電力接收器接收之電力對電池進行充電;決定一電力需求;使用該無線電力接收器傳輸該電力需求使用由無線電力接收器的頻率偵測器偵測到源自傳輸頻率且不同於傳輸頻率的頻率傳輸電力需求;以及編碼一或複數個位元至資料封包中,以控制傳輸至該無線電力接收器之電力訊號。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中至少一個位元包含降低共振之損失之脈衝寬度。
- 如請求項9所述之方法其中至少一位元具有與用於編碼非功率數據的脈衝寬度為不同的脈衝寬度。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中至少二位元用於指示不改變一傳輸電力之位準,其中每一位元具有不同的脈衝寬度。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中每一位元具有不同的脈衝寬度及傳輸週期。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中每一位元具有第一脈衝寬度或第二脈衝寬度其中一個。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中至少二位元用於指示電池充電位準。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中一位元具有第一脈衝寬度及二位元具有不同於第一脈衝寬度的第二脈衝寬度。
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