TWI810681B - Circuit and method for switch action recognition and abnormal power-on recognition - Google Patents

Circuit and method for switch action recognition and abnormal power-on recognition Download PDF

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TWI810681B
TWI810681B TW110138604A TW110138604A TWI810681B TW I810681 B TWI810681 B TW I810681B TW 110138604 A TW110138604 A TW 110138604A TW 110138604 A TW110138604 A TW 110138604A TW I810681 B TWI810681 B TW I810681B
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voltage
switch
bipolar junction
junction transistor
circuit
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TW110138604A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW202303308A (en
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劉揚波
陳磊
耿駿
呂華偉
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大陸商昂寶電子（上海）有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0805—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本公開提供了用於開關動作識別和異常上電識別的電路及方法，適用於包括單刀單擲開關的無刷工具的控制電路。該用於開關動作識別的電路包括：第一電壓採集模組，用於採集單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓以得到第一電壓值；第二電壓採集模組，用於採集單刀單擲開關的第一端的電壓以得到第二電壓值；處理模組，用於基於第一電壓值和第二電壓值來識別單刀單擲開關的動作。該用於異常上電識別的電路包括：電容器，其第一端連接到單刀單擲開關的第一端並且其第二端接地；電壓採集模組，用於在單刀單擲開關閉合後週期性地採集電容器的第一端的電壓值；處理模組，用於在電壓採集模組所採集的電壓值呈上升趨勢時識別出無刷工具異常上電。 The present disclosure provides a circuit and a method for identifying switching actions and identifying abnormal power-on, which are suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool including a single-pole single-throw switch. The circuit for switching action identification includes: a first voltage collection module, used to collect the voltage of the second terminal of the SPST switch to obtain the first voltage value; a second voltage collection module, used to collect the voltage of the SPST switch The voltage at the first end of the first terminal is used to obtain a second voltage value; the processing module is used to identify the action of the single pole single throw switch based on the first voltage value and the second voltage value. The circuit for abnormal power-on identification includes: a capacitor whose first end is connected to the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch and whose second end is grounded; a voltage acquisition module for periodically Collecting the voltage value of the first terminal of the capacitor; the processing module is used to identify abnormal power-on of the brushless tool when the voltage value collected by the voltage collecting module shows an upward trend.

Description

用於開關動作識別和異常上電識別的電路及方法 Circuit and method for switch action recognition and abnormal power-on recognition

本公開總體涉及電路技術領域，更具體地涉及用於開關動作識別和異常上電識別的電路及方法。 The present disclosure generally relates to the field of circuit technology, and more specifically relates to circuits and methods for identifying switching actions and identifying abnormal power-on.

在電池供電的電動工具領域，無刷電機逐漸代替了有刷電機，因為與有刷電機相比，無刷電機具有效率高、啟動扭矩大等優點。 In the field of battery-powered power tools, brushless motors are gradually replacing brushed motors because they have advantages such as high efficiency and high starting torque compared with brushed motors.

包括無刷電機的無刷工具採用逆變器控制。為了抑制金屬氧化物半導體場效應電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,MOSFET)的開關雜訊，無刷工具控制器中通常採用大容量的母線電容。 Brushless tools including brushless motors are controlled by inverters. In order to suppress the switching noise of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET), a large-capacity bus capacitor is usually used in the brushless tool controller.

圖1示出了典型的無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中使用了單刀單擲開關。如圖1所示，閉合開關，電池給母線電容充電；母線電容充滿電後，具有穩壓作用；若斷開開關再閉合開關，電容不會再充電，即開關是否閉合，母線電容電壓無變化。在這種情況下，常規的開關檢測電路無法識別開關斷開和閉合的動作。 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the control circuit of a typical brushless tool, in which a single pole single throw switch is used. As shown in Figure 1, when the switch is closed, the battery charges the bus capacitor; after the bus capacitor is fully charged, it has a voltage stabilizing effect; if the switch is turned off and then closed, the capacitor will not be recharged, that is, whether the switch is closed or not, the bus capacitor voltage does not change . In this case, the conventional switch detection circuit cannot recognize the opening and closing action of the switch.

此外，在角磨、圓鋸、鏈鋸等使用無刷電機來進行操作的工具中，接入電池，再閉合開關，認為是安全操作(這種情況在本文中稱為“正常上電”)；而如果先閉合開關，然後才接入電池，則電機不能正常工作(這種情況在本文中稱為“異常上電”)，因為這種情況可能是誤操作，此時，如果使電機運行，則可能存在對操作者造成傷害的風險。因此，需要對正常上電還是異常上電進行識別。 In addition, in tools such as angle grinders, circular saws, and chain saws that use brushless motors to operate, it is considered safe to connect the battery and then close the switch (this situation is referred to as "normal power-on" in this article) ; And if the switch is closed first, and then the battery is connected, the motor cannot work normally (this situation is called "abnormal power-on" in this article), because this situation may be a misoperation. At this time, if the motor is running, There may be a risk of injury to the operator. Therefore, it is necessary to identify normal power-on or abnormal power-on.

鑒於以上所述的一個或多個問題，本公開提供了新穎的用於開關動作識別和異常上電識別的電路及方法。 In view of one or more problems described above, the present disclosure provides a novel circuit and method for switch action identification and abnormal power-on identification.

根據本公開實施例的第一方面，公開了一種用於開關動作識別的電路，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，用於開關動作識別的電路包括：第一電壓採集模組，用於採集單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓以得到第一電壓值；第二電壓採集模組，用於採集單刀單擲開關的第一端的電壓以得到第二電壓值；以及處理模組，用於基於第一電壓值和第二電壓值來識別單刀單擲開關的動作。 According to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a circuit for switch action recognition is disclosed, which is suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool. The control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, and the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to The positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch are connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded. The circuit for switching action identification includes: a first voltage acquisition module for collecting the voltage of the second terminal of the single-pole single-throw switch to obtain the first voltage value; the second voltage collection module is used to collect the voltage of the first terminal of the single-pole single-throw switch to obtain the second voltage value; and the processing module is used The action of the SPST switch is identified based on the first voltage value and the second voltage value.

根據本公開實施例的第二方面，公開了一種用於異常上電識別的電路，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，用於異常上電識別的電路包括：電容器，電容器的第一端連接到單刀單擲開關的第一端並且電容器的第二端接地；電壓採集模組，用於在單刀單擲開關閉合後週期性地採集電容器的第一端的電壓值；處理模組，用於在電壓採集模組所採集的電壓值呈上升趨勢時識別出無刷工具異常上電。 According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a circuit for identifying abnormal power-on is disclosed, which is suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool, and the control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, the first end of which is connected to To the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the SPST switch is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded, the circuit for abnormal power-on identification includes: a capacitor, the first end of the capacitor Connected to the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch and the second end of the capacitor is grounded; the voltage acquisition module is used to periodically collect the voltage value of the first end of the capacitor after the single-pole single-throw switch is closed; the processing module uses When the voltage value collected by the voltage collection module shows an upward trend, it is identified that the brushless tool is powered on abnormally.

根據本公開實施例的協力廠商面，公開了一種無刷工具的控制電路，包括：電池組；母線電容器，母線電容器的第一端連接到電池組的正極並且母線電容器的第二端接地；單刀單擲開關，單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極並且單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端；半導體開關組，半導體開關組與母線電容器並聯，並且連接到無刷工具的電機；微控制器(Microcontroller Unit)MCU，用於通過半導體開關組控制無刷工具的電機進行操作；以及根據本公開實施例的第一方面的用於開關動作識別的電路，用於開關動作識別的電路的第一電壓採集模組連接到單刀單擲開關的第二端和母線電容器的第一端，用於開關動作識別的電路的第二電壓採集模組連接到單刀單擲開關的第二端和母線電容器的第一端並且連接到電池組的正極和單刀單擲開關的第一端。 According to the third party aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a control circuit of a brushless tool is disclosed, including: a battery pack; a bus capacitor, the first end of the bus capacitor is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded; a single pole A single-pole switch, the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor; a semiconductor switch group, the semiconductor switch group is connected in parallel with the bus capacitor, and connected to the motor of the brushless tool; a microcontroller (Microcontroller Unit) MCU, used to control the motor of the brushless tool to operate through a semiconductor switch group; and a circuit for switch action recognition according to the first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, The first voltage acquisition module of the circuit for switching action recognition is connected to the second end of the SPST switch and the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second voltage acquisition module of the circuit for switching action identification is connected to the single pole single throw switch. The second end of the throw switch and the first end of the bus capacitor are connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the first end of the SPST switch.

根據本公開實施例的第四方面，公開了一種用於開關動作識別的方法，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，用於開關動作識別的方法包括：採集單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓得到第一電壓值；採集單刀單擲開關的第一端的電壓得到第二電壓值；並且基於第一電壓值和第二電壓值來識別單刀單擲開關的動作。 According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for recognizing a switch action is disclosed, which is suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool, and the control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, the first end of which is connected to the The positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the SPST switch are connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded. The method for switching action recognition includes: collecting the second end of the SPST switch voltage to obtain a first voltage value; collect the voltage of the first end of the SPST switch to obtain a second voltage value; and identify the action of the SPST switch based on the first voltage value and the second voltage value.

根據本公開實施例的第五方面，公開了一種用於異常上電識別的方法，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，用於異常上電識別的方法包括：使電容器的第一端連接到單刀單擲開關的第一端並且電容器的第二端接地；在單刀單擲開關閉合後週期性地採集電容器的第一端的電壓值；並且在所採集的電壓值呈上升趨勢時識別出無刷工具異常上電。 According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for identifying abnormal power-on is disclosed, which is suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool. The control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, and the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to to the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the SPST switch is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded, and the method for abnormal power-on identification includes: connecting the first end of the capacitor to to the first terminal of the SPST switch and the second terminal of the capacitor is grounded; periodically collect the voltage value of the first terminal of the capacitor after the SPST switch is closed; and identify when the collected voltage value shows an upward trend The brushless tool is powered on abnormally.

根據本公開實施例的第六方面，公開了一種無刷工具的控制方法，包括：利用根據本公開實施例的第五方面的用於異常上電識別的方法識別無刷工具是否異常上電；在無刷工具正常上電的情況下，利用根據本公開實施例的第四方面的用於開關動作識別的方法來識別無刷工具的單刀單擲開關的動作；或者在無刷工具異常上電的情況下，利用脈衝信號週期性地斷開和閉合無刷工具的半導體開關組以使得無刷工具的電機耗電來給無刷工具的母線電容器放電，從而所採集的第一電壓值下降，所採集的第二電壓值保持不變，當第一電壓值小於第二電壓值時，識別到單刀單擲開關斷開。 According to a sixth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a control method of a brushless tool is disclosed, including: using the method for identifying abnormal power-on according to the fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure to identify whether the brushless tool is powered on abnormally; In the case that the brushless tool is powered on normally, use the method for switch action recognition according to the fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure to identify the action of the SPST switch of the brushless tool; or when the brushless tool is powered on abnormally In the case of , the pulse signal is used to periodically open and close the semiconductor switch group of the brushless tool so that the motor of the brushless tool consumes power to discharge the bus capacitor of the brushless tool, so that the collected first voltage value drops, The collected second voltage value remains unchanged, and when the first voltage value is smaller than the second voltage value, it is recognized that the SPST switch is disconnected.

102:開關 102: switch

103:GPIO端子 103: GPIO terminal

11:電池組 11:Battery pack

12:開關 12: switch

13:母線電容 13: Bus capacitance

14:MOSFET開關組的電機 14:Motor of MOSFET switch group

15:MOSFET開關組 15: MOSFET switch group

500,510,600,800,1000,1010,1020:電路 500,510,600,800,1000,1010,1020: circuit

ADC:類比數位轉換器 ADC: Analog to Digital Converter

BAT 106:電池電壓 BAT 106: battery voltage

Bus1:母線電容13兩端的電壓 Bus1: the voltage across the bus capacitor 13

Bus1 104:母線電壓 Bus1 104: bus voltage

Bus2 105:電壓 Bus2 105: voltage

Bus_ADC1 101:開關後端電壓取樣值 Bus_ADC1 101: Sampling value of switch back-end voltage

Bus_ADC2 102:開關前端電壓取樣值 Bus_ADC2 102: Switch front-end voltage sampling value

C1:電容 C1: capacitance

MOSFET:金屬氧化物半導體場效應電晶體 MOSFET: Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

Q1,Q3:PNP雙極性接面電晶體 Q1, Q3: PNP bipolar junction transistor

Q2,Q4:NPN雙極性接面電晶體 Q2, Q4: NPN bipolar junction transistor

R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R7,R8:電阻 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8: Resistors

SW_ADC,SW_ADC1,SW_ADC2:電壓 SW_ADC, SW_ADC1, SW_ADC2: Voltage

t1,t2,t3:時刻 t1, t2, t3: time

從下面結合圖式對本公開的具體實施方式的描述中可以更好地理解本公開。為了圖示的簡單和清晰，圖式中圖示的元素不一定是按比例繪製 的。例如，為了清晰，一些元素的尺寸相對於其他元素可被誇大。另外，在認為適當時，圖式標記在圖式之間被重複以指示出對應的或相似的元素。 The present disclosure can be better understood from the following description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale of. For example, the dimensions of some elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, figure labeling has been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.

圖1示出了典型的無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中使用了單刀單擲開關。 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the control circuit of a typical brushless tool, in which a single pole single throw switch is used.

圖2示出了無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中使用了單刀雙擲斷電流開關。 Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a control circuit for a brushless tool, in which a single pole double throw current breaking switch is used.

圖3示出了無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中使用了雙刀單擲斷電流開關。 Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a control circuit for a brushless tool in which a double pole single throw current breaking switch is used.

圖4示出了無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中母線電容被放置在斷電流開關之前。 Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the control circuit of a brushless tool, where the bus capacitor is placed before the current breaking switch.

圖5示出了根據本公開實施例的無刷工具的控制電路。 FIG. 5 illustrates a control circuit of a brushless tool according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

圖6示出了根據本公開實施例的用於開關動作識別的電路。 FIG. 6 shows a circuit for switch action recognition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

圖7示出了圖6的電路中涉及的各個信號的時序圖。 FIG. 7 shows a timing diagram of various signals involved in the circuit of FIG. 6 .

圖8示出了根據本公開實施例的用於異常上電識別的電路。 FIG. 8 shows a circuit for identifying abnormal power-on according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

圖9A示出了圖8的電路在正常上電時涉及的各個信號的時序圖。 FIG. 9A shows a timing diagram of various signals involved in the circuit of FIG. 8 when it is normally powered on.

圖9B示出了圖8的電路在異常上電時涉及的各個信號的時序圖。 FIG. 9B shows a timing diagram of various signals involved in abnormal power-on of the circuit in FIG. 8 .

圖10示出了根據本公開另一實施例的無刷工具的控制電路。 FIG. 10 shows a control circuit of a brushless tool according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

圖11示出了圖10的無刷工具的控制電路在發生異常上電情況後的各個信號的時序圖。 FIG. 11 shows a timing diagram of various signals of the control circuit of the brushless tool in FIG. 10 after an abnormal power-on situation occurs.

下面將詳細描述本公開的各個方面的特徵和示例性實施例。在下面的詳細描述中，提出了許多具體細節，以便提供對本公開的全面理解。但是，對於本領域技術人員來說很明顯的是，本公開可以在不需要這些具體細節中的一些細節的情況下實施。下面對實施例的描述僅僅是為了通過示出本公開的示例來提供對本公開的更好的理解。本公開決不限於下面所提出的任何具體配置和演算法，而是在不脫離本公開的精神的前提下覆蓋了元素、部件和演算法的任何修改、替換和改進。在圖式和下面的描述中， 沒有示出公知的結構和技術，以便避免對本公開造成不必要的模糊。 Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure by showing examples of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is by no means limited to any specific configurations and algorithms presented below, but covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements of elements, components and algorithms without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. In the drawings and descriptions below, Well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure.

需要指出的是，在下面的描述中提到的“裝置”、“模組”、“單元”、“元件”等都可以指電路或電路的一部分。本公開的說明書及申請專利範圍中使用“第一”、“第二”等序數詞僅是為了對後面修飾的事物進行區分，而不具有任何先後順序的含義。 It should be pointed out that "device", "module", "unit", "element" and the like mentioned in the following description may all refer to a circuit or a part of a circuit. The use of ordinal numerals such as "first" and "second" in the specification and scope of the patent application of the present disclosure is only for distinguishing the things modified later, and does not have any sequence meaning.

本公開的實施例涉及用於開關動作識別和異常上電識別的電路及方法，這樣的電路及方法例如可被應用於包括無刷電機的無刷工具的控制電路中。 Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to circuits and methods for identifying switching actions and identifying abnormal power-on, such circuits and methods may be applied, for example, to control circuits of brushless tools including brushless motors.

如上所述，在包括無刷電機的無刷工具中，需要對斷電流開關的斷開和閉合動作進行識別。目前存在兩種方案來實現對無刷工具中的斷電流開關的斷開和閉合動作的識別。 As described above, in a brushless tool including a brushless motor, it is necessary to recognize opening and closing actions of a current breaker switch. Currently, there are two schemes to realize the recognition of the opening and closing actions of the current breaking switch in the brushless tool.

一種方案是使用單刀雙擲開關或雙刀單擲開關。圖2示出了無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中使用了單刀雙擲斷電流開關。圖3示出了無刷工具的控制電路的示意圖，其中使用了雙刀單擲斷電流開關。但是，單刀雙擲開關或雙刀單擲開關比單刀單擲開關的成本高。 One solution is to use a single pole double throw switch or double pole single throw switch. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a control circuit for a brushless tool, in which a single pole double throw current breaking switch is used. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a control circuit for a brushless tool in which a double pole single throw current breaking switch is used. However, SPDT or DPST switches are more expensive than SPST switches.

另一種方案是在無刷工具的控制電路中將母線電容放在斷電流開關之前，如圖4所示，如此一來，每次斷開開關，電路直接斷電，易於檢測開關的閉合和斷開動作。但是，母線電容放在斷電流開關之前，會導致MOSFET在開關斷開或閉合時的電壓尖峰較大，需要採用更好的MOSFET，導致系統成本高。 Another solution is to place the busbar capacitor before the cut-off switch in the control circuit of the brushless tool, as shown in Figure 4. In this way, every time the switch is turned off, the circuit is directly powered off, and it is easy to detect the closing and breaking of the switch. open action. However, if the bus capacitor is placed before the current-breaking switch, the voltage spike of the MOSFET will be larger when the switch is opened or closed, and a better MOSFET will be required, resulting in high system cost.

本申請提供的技術方案能夠解決常規無刷電機電路中使用單刀單擲開關時無法識別開關動作的問題，進一步地，還能夠識別異常上電，並且在識別到異常上電的情況下，仍能識別斷電流開關的動作。 The technical solution provided by this application can solve the problem that the switch action cannot be identified when the SPST switch is used in the conventional brushless motor circuit. Furthermore, it can also identify abnormal power-on, and when abnormal power-on is identified, it can still Identify the action of the current breaking switch.

圖5示出了根據本公開實施例的無刷工具的控制電路500。在電路500中，使用單刀單擲開關12作為斷電流開關。開關12的第一端連接到電池組11的正極(因此，開關12的第一端為其近電源)，電池組11的負極接地。開關12的第二端(即，其遠電源端)連接到母線電容13的一 端和MOSFET開關組15的一端。母線電容13的另一端和MOSFET開關組15的另一端均接地。 FIG. 5 illustrates a control circuit 500 of a brushless tool according to an embodiment of the disclosure. In circuit 500, a single pole single throw switch 12 is used as a current breaking switch. The first end of the switch 12 is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack 11 (thus, the first end of the switch 12 is its near power source), and the negative pole of the battery pack 11 is grounded. The second end of the switch 12 (i.e., its remote power supply end) is connected to one of the bus capacitors 13 terminal and one terminal of MOSFET switch group 15. The other end of the bus capacitor 13 and the other end of the MOSFET switch group 15 are both grounded.

在開關12的兩端連接有檢測電路510，檢測電路510能夠採集開關12第一端的電壓，即電池電壓BAT 106，和開關12第二端的母線電壓Bus1 104。當開關12閉合時，電壓等於BAT 106；當開關12斷開時，Bus1即表示母線電容13兩端的電壓。 A detection circuit 510 is connected to both ends of the switch 12 , and the detection circuit 510 can collect the voltage at the first end of the switch 12 , namely the battery voltage BAT 106 , and the bus voltage Bus1 104 at the second end of the switch 12 . When the switch 12 is closed, the voltage is equal to BAT 106 ; when the switch 12 is open, Bus1 represents the voltage across the bus capacitor 13 .

需要說明的是，本申請並不打算討論MOSFET開關組15的具體結構及其與電機14的具體連接方式，本公開的技術方案適用於本領域中已知的任何MOSFET開關組及其與電機的連接方式，在此不作詳細論述。 It should be noted that this application does not intend to discuss the specific structure of the MOSFET switch group 15 and its specific connection with the motor 14, and the technical solution disclosed in the present disclosure is applicable to any MOSFET switch group and its connection with the motor known in the art. The connection method will not be discussed in detail here.

圖6示出了根據本公開實施例的用於開關動作識別的電路600。用於開關動作識別的電路600可例如連接到圖5的無刷工具的控制電路500中。 FIG. 6 shows a circuit 600 for switch action recognition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The circuit 600 for switching action recognition can be connected, for example, into the control circuit 500 of the brushless tool of FIG. 5 .

在用於開關動作識別的電路600中，串聯連接的分壓電阻R1和R2的一端連接到母線電壓Bus1 104的等電勢端，例如，圖5的連接到開關12的第二端，其另一端接地。微控制器單元(MCU)(未示出)的類比數位轉換器(Analog-to-Digital Converter,ADC)(未示出)通過分壓電阻R1和R2對母線電壓Bus1 104進行取樣得到Bus_ADC1 101。 In the circuit 600 for switching action recognition, one end of the series-connected voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2 is connected to the equipotential end of the bus voltage Bus1 104, for example, the second end of the switch 12 in FIG. grounded. An Analog-to-Digital Converter (Analog-to-Digital Converter, ADC) (not shown) of a microcontroller unit (MCU) (not shown) samples the bus voltage Bus1 104 to obtain Bus_ADC1 101 through voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2.

MCU同步取樣電池電壓。為了保持待機狀態下的低功耗，例如，使用PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1、NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2搭建了常規的開關電路。需要指出的是，可以使用MOS電晶體來代替雙極性接面電晶體(Bipolar Junction Transistor,BJT)，只要能夠實現相應的功能即可。 The MCU samples the battery voltage synchronously. In order to maintain low power consumption in the standby state, for example, a conventional switching circuit is constructed using a PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 and an NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2. It should be pointed out that a MOS transistor can be used instead of a bipolar junction transistor (Bipolar Junction Transistor, BJT), as long as the corresponding function can be realized.

如圖所示，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2的基極連接到母線電壓Bus1 104的等電勢端(例如，圖5的連接到開關12的第二端)，並且連接到通用輸入輸出(General-purpose input/output,GPIO)端子103，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2的發射極接地，並且NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2的集電極連接到PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1的基極和發射集。PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1的發射集還連接到BAT 106的等電勢端(例如，開關12的第一 端)，PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1的集電極連接到用於為MCU提供電力的MCU供電電路。 As shown in the figure, the base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 is connected to the equipotential end of the bus voltage Bus1 104 (for example, connected to the second end of the switch 12 in FIG. 5 ), and connected to the general input and output (General -purpose input/output, GPIO) terminal 103, the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 and launch set. The emitter set of PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 is also connected to the equipotential terminal of BAT 106 (for example, the first terminal of switch 12 end), the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 is connected to the MCU power supply circuit for providing power to the MCU.

電池電壓BAT 106經過Q1之後的電壓為Bus2 105。類似地，MCU的ADC通過分壓電阻R3和R4對電壓Bus2 105進行取樣得到Bus_ADC2 102。 The voltage of the battery voltage BAT 106 after passing through Q1 is Bus2 105 . Similarly, the ADC of the MCU samples the voltage Bus2 105 through the voltage dividing resistors R3 and R4 to obtain Bus_ADC2 102 .

分壓電阻R1和R2形成用於開關動作識別的電路600的第一電壓採集模組。PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1、NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2、以及分壓電阻R3和R4形成用於開關動作識別的電路600的第二電壓採集模組。MCU可用作開關動作識別的電路600的處理模組。 The voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2 form the first voltage acquisition module of the circuit 600 for switching action recognition. The PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 , the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 , and the voltage dividing resistors R3 and R4 form a second voltage acquisition module of the circuit 600 for switching action recognition. The MCU can be used as a processing module of the switching action recognition circuit 600 .

下面結合圖7來說明根據本公開實施例的用於開關動作識別的電路的工作原理。圖7示出了圖6的電路600中涉及的各個信號的時序圖。 The working principle of the circuit for switch action recognition according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIG. 7 . FIG. 7 shows a timing diagram of various signals involved in the circuit 600 of FIG. 6 .

在時刻t1閉合開關12，母線電壓Bus1 104上升到邏輯高位準，使得NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2導通，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2到地的回路打開，使得PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1導通，從而電壓Bus2 105等於BAT 106。PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1導通後MCU供電電路工作，使得MCU上電工作。MCU上電後將GPIO 103置為邏輯高位準，保持Q2導通。MCU週期性地檢測母線電壓Bus1 104和電壓Bus2 105的電壓值，自動補償PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1帶來的壓降。為了描述的清楚和簡便，令R1/R2與R3/R4的分壓比相同，然而實際上也可以採用不同的分壓比。MCU計算母線電壓Bus1 104和電壓Bus2 105的電壓差值，即 At time t1, the switch 12 is closed, and the bus voltage Bus1 104 rises to a logic high level, making the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 conduct, and the loop from the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 to the ground is opened, so that the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 is turned on so that the voltage Bus2 105 is equal to BAT 106 . After the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 is turned on, the MCU power supply circuit works, so that the MCU is powered on and works. After the MCU is powered on, set GPIO 103 to a logic high level to keep Q2 turned on. The MCU periodically detects the voltage values of the bus voltage Bus1 104 and the voltage Bus2 105, and automatically compensates the voltage drop caused by the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1. For clarity and simplicity of description, the voltage division ratios of R1/R2 and R3/R4 are set to be the same, but actually different voltage division ratios may also be used. The MCU calculates the voltage difference between the bus voltage Bus1 104 and the voltage Bus2 105, namely

Δ=Bus_ADC2-Bus_ADC1 (1) Δ=Bus_ADC2-Bus_ADC1 (1)

如上所述，當開關12閉合時，母線電壓Bus1 104等於BAT 106，電壓Bus2 105也等於BAT 106，因此Δ=0。 As mentioned above, when the switch 12 is closed, the bus voltage Bus1 104 is equal to BAT 106 , and the voltage Bus2 105 is also equal to BAT 106 , so Δ=0.

在時刻t2斷開開關12，母線電壓Bus1 104被斷開輸入，其電壓值靠母線電容電壓支撐。同時，電機工作，會消耗母線電容的電量，導致母線電壓Bus1 104的電壓值下降。而GPIO 103由MCU保持為邏輯高位準，此時，與開關12閉合時的情況相同，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2和 PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1保持導通，電壓Bus2 105保持等於BAT 106，從而電壓Bus2 105大於母線電壓Bus1 104，也即等式(1)的值Δ>0。 At time t2, the switch 12 is turned off, and the bus voltage Bus1 104 is disconnected from the input, and its voltage value is supported by the bus capacitor voltage. At the same time, when the motor is working, it will consume the power of the bus capacitor, causing the voltage value of the bus voltage Bus1 104 to drop. And GPIO 103 is kept as logic high level by MCU, at this moment, the situation is the same as when switch 12 is closed, NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 and The PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 remains on, and the voltage Bus2 105 remains equal to the BAT 106 , so the voltage Bus2 105 is greater than the bus voltage Bus1 104 , that is, the value Δ>0 of equation (1).

在時刻t3再次閉合開關12，母線電壓Bus1 104重新等於BAT 106，同時電池組重新給母線電容13充電。如上所述，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q2和PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q1保持導通，電壓Bus2 105保持等於BAT 106，從而電壓Bus2 105等於母線電壓Bus1 104，也即等式(1)的值Δ=0。 At time t3, the switch 12 is closed again, the bus voltage Bus1 104 is equal to the BAT 106 again, and the battery pack recharges the bus capacitor 13 at the same time. As mentioned above, the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q2 and the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q1 remain on, and the voltage Bus2 105 remains equal to BAT 106, so that the voltage Bus2 105 is equal to the bus voltage Bus1 104, which is the equation (1) Value Δ=0.

MCU基於Δ的變化即可識別單刀單擲開關12的閉合和斷開動作。從圖7可見，MCU識別到開關斷開的時刻距斷開開關12的時刻t2之間存在某一延遲。常用的無刷直流(BLDC)電機的MCU通常具有大於等於10比特(bit)的ADC解析度，採用5伏特(V)電壓供電，從而每個ADC差異約為5mV。假設分壓電阻的比率為，例如，10倍，則母線電壓Bus1 104電壓值變化超過50mV，MCU即可以得到Δ>0。所以ADC能夠識別母線電壓Bus1 104的精細變化。MCU工作主頻通常不小於16兆赫茲(MHz)，從而能夠以豪秒級週期性判斷Δ值。MCU週期性地判斷Δ，設置合適的Δ變化判斷規則，如閾值、回滯、時間、擇多等等，能夠在幾十豪秒內準確判斷出開關的動作。這樣的延遲不會造成安全問題，而且使得操作人員幾乎察覺不到，不影響使用體驗。 The MCU can identify the closing and opening actions of the SPST switch 12 based on the change of Δ. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that there is a certain delay between the time when the MCU recognizes that the switch is turned off and the time t2 when the switch 12 is turned off. The MCU of a commonly used brushless direct current (BLDC) motor usually has an ADC resolution greater than or equal to 10 bits (bit), and is powered by a voltage of 5 volts (V), so that the difference between each ADC is about 5mV. Assuming that the ratio of the voltage dividing resistors is, for example, 10 times, the voltage value of the bus voltage Bus1 104 changes by more than 50 mV, and the MCU can obtain Δ>0. So the ADC is able to identify fine changes in the bus voltage Bus1 104 . The main operating frequency of the MCU is usually not less than 16 megahertz (MHz), so that the Δ value can be periodically judged in milliseconds. The MCU judges Δ periodically, and sets appropriate Δ change judgment rules, such as threshold, hysteresis, time, majority, etc., to accurately judge the action of the switch within tens of milliseconds. Such a delay will not cause a safety problem, and it will be hardly noticed by the operator, and will not affect the user experience.

在圖5的無刷工具的控制電路500中使用根據本公開實施例的用於開關動作識別的電路600，能夠正確識別單刀單擲開關的閉合和斷開動作，避免了使用更為複雜昂貴的單刀雙擲開關或雙刀單擲開關的需要，而且也不會對MOSFET產生更高的要求。 In the control circuit 500 of the brushless tool in FIG. 5, the circuit 600 for recognizing the switching action according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be used to correctly identify the closing and opening actions of the single-pole single-throw switch, avoiding the use of more complicated and expensive Single-pole double-throw switches or double-pole single-throw switches, and will not create higher requirements for MOSFETs.

如前面提到的，在無刷電機電路中還需要對異常上電進行識別。圖8示出了根據本公開實施例的用於異常上電識別的電路800。電路800包括PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3、NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4、電容C1以及根據需要的電阻元件。同樣需要指出，可以使用MOS電晶體來BJT，只要能夠實現相應的功能即可。 As mentioned earlier, it is also necessary to identify abnormal power-on in the brushless motor circuit. FIG. 8 shows a circuit 800 for identifying abnormal power-on according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The circuit 800 includes a PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3, an NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4, a capacitor C1, and resistance elements as required. It should also be pointed out that MOS transistors can be used for BJT, as long as the corresponding functions can be realized.

從圖5的描述中可知，BAT 106代表電池電壓，Bus1 104代表母線電壓。在開關12閉合時，母線電壓Bus1 104電壓等於電池電壓BAT 106；當開關12斷開時，Bus1即表示母線電容13兩端的電壓。 It can be seen from the description of FIG. 5 that BAT 106 represents the battery voltage, and Bus1 104 represents the bus voltage. When the switch 12 is closed, the bus voltage Bus1 104 is equal to the battery voltage BAT 106 ; when the switch 12 is opened, Bus1 represents the voltage across the bus capacitor 13 .

NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4的基極經由電阻R5連接到圖5所示的母線電壓Bus1 104的等電勢端，例如連接到開關12的第二端。R5與R6串聯後再接地構成分壓結構。NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4的發射極接地。NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4的集電極連接到PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3的基極和發射集。PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3的發射集還連接到圖5所示的BAT 106的等電勢端，例如連接到開關12的第一端，PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3的集電極經由串聯連接的電阻R7和R8接地。電容器C1的一端連接到PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3的發射集，另一端接地。 The base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 is connected to the equipotential terminal of the bus voltage Bus1 104 shown in FIG. R5 and R6 are connected in series and then grounded to form a voltage divider structure. The emitter of NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 is grounded. The collector of NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 is connected to the base and emitter of PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3. The emission set of the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3 is also connected to the equipotential terminal of the BAT 106 shown in FIG. resistors R7 and R8 to ground. One end of capacitor C1 is connected to the emitter set of PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3, and the other end is grounded.

MCU的ADC通過分壓電阻R7和R8對C1兩端的電壓值進行取樣得到SW_ADC 108。 The ADC of the MCU samples the voltage across C1 through the voltage dividing resistors R7 and R8 to obtain SW_ADC 108 .

PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3、NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4、串聯連接的電阻R5與R6以及串聯連接的電阻R7和R8形成用於異常上電識別的電路800的電壓採集模組。MCU可用作用於異常上電識別的電路800的處理模組。 The PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3, the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4, the resistors R5 and R6 connected in series, and the resistors R7 and R8 connected in series form a voltage acquisition module of the circuit 800 for identifying abnormal power-on. The MCU can be used as a processing module of the circuit 800 for abnormal power-on identification.

下面結合圖9A和圖9B來說明根據本公開實施例的用於異常上電識別的電路800的工作原理。圖9A示出了圖8的電路800在正常上電時涉及的各個信號的時序圖。圖9B示出了圖8的電路800在異常上電時涉及的各個信號的時序圖。 The working principle of the circuit 800 for identifying abnormal power-on according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B . FIG. 9A shows a timing diagram of various signals involved in the circuit 800 of FIG. 8 when it is normally powered on. FIG. 9B shows a timing diagram of various signals involved in abnormal power-on of the circuit 800 in FIG. 8 .

在正常上電操作中，即先接入電池組再閉合開關，在閉合開關時，電池電壓BAT 106處於邏輯高位準，電池電壓BAT 106給電容C1充電，使得C1兩端電壓等於電池電壓BAT 106。 In normal power-on operation, the battery pack is first connected and then the switch is closed. When the switch is closed, the battery voltage BAT 106 is at a logic high level, and the battery voltage BAT 106 charges the capacitor C1, so that the voltage across C1 is equal to the battery voltage BAT 106 .

根據以上針對圖5到圖7的描述，在開關102閉合後，母線電壓Bus1 104處於邏輯高位準。從而，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4導通。NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4導通後，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4到地的回路打 開，使得PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3導通。PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3導通後，電容C1通過電阻R7和R8放電，直到電壓穩定。如圖9A所示，在開關102閉合後，C1的電壓變化曲線是下降。 According to the above description for FIGS. 5-7 , after the switch 102 is closed, the bus voltage Bus1 104 is at a logic high level. Therefore, the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 is turned on. After the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 is turned on, the loop from the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 to the ground is opened Open, so that the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3 is turned on. After the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3 is turned on, the capacitor C1 is discharged through the resistors R7 and R8 until the voltage is stable. As shown in FIG. 9A , after the switch 102 is closed, the voltage change curve of C1 is decreasing.

在MCU初始化完成後，通過分壓電阻R7和R8檢測C1的電壓SW_ADC。第一次取樣C1電壓得到SW_ADC1；幾十豪秒後，第二次取樣C1電壓得到SW_ADC2。由於C1的電壓變化曲線是下降，所以SW_ADC1>SW_ADC2。 After the MCU initialization is completed, the voltage SW_ADC of C1 is detected through the voltage dividing resistors R7 and R8. Sampling C1 voltage for the first time to get SW_ADC1; tens of milliseconds later, sampling C1 voltage for the second time to get SW_ADC2. Since the voltage change curve of C1 is decreasing, SW_ADC1>SW_ADC2.

在異常上電操作中，即閉合開關先再接入電池組，在閉合開關時，電池電壓BAT 106處於邏輯低位準，無法給電容C1充電，使得C1兩端電壓也處於邏輯低位準。在接入電池組後，電池電壓BAT 106瞬間抬升到邏輯高位準，給電容C1充電。如圖9B所示，在接入電池組後，C1電壓變化曲線是上升的。 During the abnormal power-on operation, that is, the switch is closed first and then the battery pack is connected. When the switch is closed, the battery voltage BAT 106 is at a logic low level, unable to charge the capacitor C1, so that the voltage across C1 is also at a logic low level. After the battery pack is connected, the battery voltage BAT 106 instantly rises to a logic high level to charge the capacitor C1. As shown in FIG. 9B , after the battery pack is connected, the voltage variation curve of C1 rises.

此時，母線電壓Bus1 104等於電池電壓BAT 106，也處於邏輯高位準。從而，NPN雙極性接面電晶體Q4導通，進而使得PNP雙極性接面電晶體Q3導通。根據圖5可知，在閉合開關102並接入電池組後，MCU上電，MCU的ADC通過分壓電阻R7和R8檢測C1的電壓SW_ADC。第一次取樣C1電壓得到SW_ADC1；幾十豪秒後，第二次取樣C1電壓得到SW_ADC2。由於C1的電壓變化曲線是上升，所以SW_ADC1<SW_ADC2。 At this time, the bus voltage Bus1 104 is equal to the battery voltage BAT 106 and is also at a logic high level. Therefore, the NPN bipolar junction transistor Q4 is turned on, and then the PNP bipolar junction transistor Q3 is turned on. According to FIG. 5 , after the switch 102 is closed and the battery pack is connected, the MCU is powered on, and the ADC of the MCU detects the voltage SW_ADC of C1 through the voltage dividing resistors R7 and R8 . Sampling C1 voltage for the first time to get SW_ADC1; tens of milliseconds later, sampling C1 voltage for the second time to get SW_ADC2. Since the voltage change curve of C1 is rising, SW_ADC1<SW_ADC2.

因此，MCU通過比較SW_ADC1和SW_ADC2的大小就能夠識別是正常上電還是異常上電。 Therefore, the MCU can identify whether it is a normal power-on or an abnormal power-on by comparing the size of SW_ADC1 and SW_ADC2.

可以將圖8的用於異常上電識別的電路800和圖6的用於開關動作識別的電路600一起連接到圖5無刷工具的控制電路500中，從而將用於異常上電識別的電路和用於開關動作識別的電路結合起來。圖10示出了根據本公開另一實施例的無刷工具的控制電路1000，其中包括用於異常上電識別的電路1010和用於開關動作識別的電路1020。用於異常上電識別的電路1010和用於開關動作識別的電路1020的工作原理與以上針對圖6到圖9B所述的相同，在此不再重複。 The circuit 800 for abnormal power-on recognition in FIG. 8 and the circuit 600 for switch action recognition in FIG. 6 can be connected to the control circuit 500 of the brushless tool in FIG. 5 , so that the circuit for abnormal power-on recognition Combined with circuitry for switch action recognition. Fig. 10 shows a control circuit 1000 of a brushless tool according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes a circuit 1010 for abnormal power-on identification and a circuit 1020 for switching action identification. The working principles of the circuit 1010 for abnormal power-on identification and the circuit 1020 for switching action identification are the same as those described above for FIG. 6 to FIG. 9B , and will not be repeated here.

在用於開關動作識別的電路1010識別到正常上電的情況下，用於開關動作識別的電路1020的操作與上文針對圖6和圖7所述相同，在此不再重複。 When the circuit 1010 for switching action recognition recognizes that it is powered on normally, the operation of the circuit 1020 for switching action identification is the same as that described above for FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , and will not be repeated here.

在用於開關動作識別的電路1010識別到異常上電的情況下，無刷電機的MCU控制電機14不工作，那麼當斷開開關12後，電機14不耗電。母線電容電壓Bus1 104在幾十豪秒內無變化，即等式(1)中的Δ=0。所以，MCU無法根據Δ變化來識別開關的動作。 When the circuit 1010 for switching action recognition recognizes abnormal power-on, the MCU of the brushless motor controls the motor 14 not to work, so when the switch 12 is turned off, the motor 14 does not consume power. The bus capacitor voltage Bus1 104 does not change within tens of milliseconds, that is, Δ=0 in equation (1). Therefore, the MCU cannot recognize the action of the switch according to the change in Δ.

為此，在本公開的實施例中，MCU被程式設計為在檢測到異常上電後，週期性地斷開和閉合MOSFET開關組15，以使得電機14耗電來給母線電容放電。圖11示出了圖10的無刷工具的控制電路1000在發生異常上電情況後的各個信號的時序圖。 Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the MCU is programmed to periodically open and close the MOSFET switch group 15 after detecting abnormal power-on, so that the motor 14 consumes power to discharge the bus capacitance. FIG. 11 shows a timing diagram of various signals of the control circuit 1000 of the brushless tool in FIG. 10 after an abnormal power-on situation occurs.

如圖11所示，在t1時刻，閉合開關12，此時未接入電池組，BAT 106處於邏輯低位準；在t2時刻，接入電池組，BAT 106抬升到邏輯高位準。此時，MCU基於圖9的時序圖識別到異常上電，從而利用脈衝信號週期性地斷開和閉合MOSFET開關組15以使得電機14耗電來給母線電容放電。在開關12斷開之前，即t2到t3之間，母線電壓Bus1 104和電壓Bus2 105都等於BAT 106，Δ=0。在t3時刻，斷開開關12，母線電壓Bus1 104等於母線電容電壓，隨著週期性地斷開和閉合MOSFET開關組15，母線電容電壓逐漸下降，母線電壓Bus1 104逐漸下降，Bus2 105仍等於BAT 106，從而使得電壓Bus2 105大於母線電壓Bus1 104，Δ>0。在t4時刻，MCU檢測到Δ>0，識別到開關12斷開。在t5時刻，再次閉合開關12，此時已接入電池組，MCU識別到正常上電。 As shown in FIG. 11 , at time t1, the switch 12 is closed, and the battery pack is not connected at this time, and the BAT 106 is at a logic low level; at time t2, the battery pack is connected, and the BAT 106 is raised to a logic high level. At this time, the MCU recognizes abnormal power-on based on the timing diagram in FIG. 9 , and uses a pulse signal to periodically open and close the MOSFET switch group 15 so that the motor 14 consumes power to discharge the bus capacitance. Before the switch 12 is opened, ie between t2 and t3, the bus voltage Bus1 104 and the voltage Bus2 105 are both equal to BAT 106, Δ=0. At time t3, the switch 12 is turned off, the bus voltage Bus1 104 is equal to the bus capacitor voltage, as the MOSFET switch group 15 is periodically disconnected and closed, the bus capacitor voltage gradually decreases, the bus voltage Bus1 104 gradually decreases, and the Bus2 105 is still equal to BAT 106, so that the voltage Bus2 105 is greater than the bus voltage Bus1 104, and Δ>0. At time t4, the MCU detects that Δ>0, and recognizes that the switch 12 is off. At time t5, the switch 12 is closed again, and the battery pack has been connected at this time, and the MCU recognizes that it is powered on normally.

如上所述，MCU能夠在幾十豪秒內準確判斷出開關的動作。這樣的延遲不會造成安全問題，而且使得操作人員幾乎察覺不到，不影響使用體驗。 As mentioned above, the MCU can accurately judge the action of the switch within tens of milliseconds. Such a delay will not cause a safety problem, and it will be hardly noticed by the operator, and will not affect the user experience.

圖11所示的處理流程同樣適用於識別開關閉合的情況，MCU檢測到發生電池欠壓保護、過壓保護、過溫保護、低溫保護等時使得電機 不工作，通過週期性打開半導體開關組，來使母線電容放電。 The processing flow shown in Figure 11 is also applicable to the situation where the identification switch is closed. When the MCU detects battery undervoltage protection, overvoltage protection, overtemperature protection, low temperature protection, etc., the motor will When not working, the bus capacitance is discharged by periodically turning on the semiconductor switch group.

據本公開實施例的用於異常上電識別的電路利用無刷工具自帶的MCU採集電容電壓並根據電容電壓的變化規律來識別是正常上電還是異常上電。根據本公開實施例的用於開關動作識別的電路利用無刷工具自帶的MCU採集電池電壓和母線電容電壓並進行比較，通過電池電壓和母線電容電壓的差值來識別斷電流開關的閉合和斷開動作。將根據本公開實施例的用於異常上電識別的電路和用於開關動作識別的電路結合起來使得MCU能夠在識別到異常上電的情況下仍能識別開關的閉合和斷開動作的。根據本公開實施例的用於異常上電識別的電路和用於開關動作識別的電路也能夠適用於與無刷工具具有類似特性的其他裝置中，例如，變形器等)。 According to the circuit for identifying abnormal power-on according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the MCU of the brushless tool is used to collect the capacitor voltage and identify whether it is normal power-on or abnormal power-on according to the change rule of the capacitor voltage. The circuit for switching action recognition according to the embodiment of the present disclosure uses the MCU that comes with the brushless tool to collect and compare the battery voltage and the bus capacitor voltage, and identify the closing and closing of the current-breaking switch through the difference between the battery voltage and the bus capacitor voltage Disconnect action. Combining the circuit for identifying abnormal power-on and the circuit for identifying switch action according to an embodiment of the present disclosure enables the MCU to recognize the closing and opening actions of the switch even when abnormal power-on is identified. The circuit for abnormal power-on identification and the circuit for switching action identification according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to other devices having similar characteristics to brushless tools, such as deformers, etc.).

本公開可以以其他的具體形式實現，而不脫離其精神和本質特徵。例如，特定實施例中所描述的演算法可以被修改，而系統體系結構並不脫離本公開的基本精神。因此，當前的實施例在所有方面都被看作是示例性的而非限定性的，本公開的範圍由所附權利要求而非上述描述定義，並且，落入權利要求的含義和等同物的範圍內的全部改變從而都被包括在本公開的範圍之中。 The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit and essential characteristics. For example, the algorithms described in certain embodiments may be modified without departing from the basic spirit of the disclosure. Therefore, the present embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative rather than restrictive, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and, within the meaning and equivalents of the claims, All changes in scope are thereby embraced within the scope of this disclosure.

103:GPIO端子 103: GPIO terminal

600:電路 600: circuit

BAT 106:電池電壓 BAT 106: battery voltage

Bus_ADC1 101:開關後端電壓取樣值 Bus_ADC1 101: Sampling value of switch back-end voltage

Bus_ADC2 102:開關前端電壓取樣值 Bus_ADC2 102: Switch front-end voltage sampling value

Bus1 104:開關12第二端的電壓 Bus1 104: the voltage of the second terminal of switch 12

Bus2 105:電壓 Bus2 105: Voltage

C1:電容 C1: capacitance

Q1:PNP雙極性接面電晶體 Q1: PNP bipolar junction transistor

Q2:NPN雙極性接面電晶體 Q2: NPN bipolar junction transistor

R1,R2,R3,R4:電阻 R1, R2, R3, R4: resistors

Claims (13)

一種用於開關動作識別的電路，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，所述用於開關動作識別的電路包括：第一電壓採集模組，用於採集所述單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓以得到第一電壓值；第二電壓採集模組，用於採集所述單刀單擲開關的第一端的電壓以得到第二電壓值；以及處理模組，基於所述第一電壓值等於所述第二電壓值而識別到所述單刀單擲開關閉合，並且基於所述第一電壓值小於所述第二電壓值而識別到所述單刀單擲開關斷開，其中：所述第二電壓採集模組包括第一雙極性接面電晶體和第二雙極性接面電晶體，以及串聯連接的第三電阻和第四電阻，所述第二雙極性接面電晶體的基極連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端以及所述母線電容器的第一端，並且連接到通用輸入輸出GPIO端子，所述第二雙極性接面電晶體的發射極接地，所述第二雙極性接面電晶體的集電極連接到所述第一雙極性接面電晶體的基極和發射集，所述第一雙極性接面電晶體的發射集還連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第一端，所述第一雙極性接面電晶體的集電極連接到用於為所述控制電路的微控制器單元MCU提供電力的MCU供電電路，所述串聯連接的第三電阻和第四電阻的第一端連接到所述第一雙極性接面電晶體的集電極，所述串聯連接的第三電阻和第四電阻的第二端接地，當所述單刀單擲開關閉合時，所述單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓抬升到邏輯高位準使得所述第二雙極性接面電晶體導通，進而使得所述第一雙極性接面電晶體導通，所述串聯連接的第三電阻和第四電阻形成的分壓結構對所述單刀單擲開關的第一端的電壓進行採集來得到所述第二電壓值，當所述單刀 單擲開關斷開時，所述第二雙極性接面電晶體的基極由於通用輸入輸出GPIO端子的輸入而維持在邏輯高位準，從而所述第二雙極性接面電晶體導通和所述第一雙極性接面電晶體保持導通，所述第二電壓值保持不變。 A circuit for switch action recognition, suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool, the control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch The two ends are connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded. The circuit for switching action identification includes: a first voltage acquisition module, which is used to acquire the second voltage of the single-pole single-throw switch. terminal voltage to obtain a first voltage value; the second voltage collection module is used to collect the voltage of the first terminal of the SPST switch to obtain a second voltage value; and the processing module is based on the first voltage value identifying that the SPST switch is closed for being equal to the second voltage value, and identifying that the SPST switch is open based on the first voltage value being less than the second voltage value, wherein: the first The two-voltage acquisition module includes a first bipolar junction transistor and a second bipolar junction transistor, and a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series, and the base of the second bipolar junction transistor is connected to to the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch and the first end of the bus capacitor, and connected to the general-purpose input and output GPIO terminal, the emitter of the second bipolar junction transistor is grounded, and the second bipolar The collector of the polarity junction transistor is connected to the base and emitter set of the first bipolar junction transistor, and the emitter set of the first bipolar junction transistor is also connected to the single pole single throw switch. The first end, the collector of the first bipolar junction transistor is connected to the MCU power supply circuit used to provide power for the microcontroller unit MCU of the control circuit, the third resistor and the fourth resistor connected in series The first end of the resistor is connected to the collector of the first bipolar junction transistor, the second end of the third resistor and the fourth resistor connected in series are grounded, and when the single-pole single-throw switch is closed, the The voltage at the second terminal of the SPST switch is raised to a logic high level to turn on the second bipolar junction transistor, thereby making the first bipolar junction transistor turn on, and the third resistor connected in series The voltage dividing structure formed with the fourth resistor collects the voltage at the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch to obtain the second voltage value, when the single-pole single-throw switch When the single-throw switch is turned off, the base of the second bipolar junction transistor is maintained at a logic high level due to the input of the general-purpose input and output GPIO terminal, so that the second bipolar junction transistor is turned on and the The first bipolar junction transistor remains turned on, and the second voltage value remains unchanged. 如請求項1所述的電路，其中，所述第一電壓採集模組包括串聯連接的第一電阻和第二電阻，所述串聯連接的第一電阻和第二電阻的第一端連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端以及所述母線電容器的第一端，所述串聯連接的第一電阻和第二電阻的第二端接地，其中所述串聯連接的第一電阻和第二電阻形成分壓結構以對所述單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓進行採集來得到所述第一電壓值，其中，當所述單刀單擲開關閉合時，所述單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓與所述單刀單擲開關的第一端的電壓相等，從而所述第一電壓值等於所述第二電壓值，並且當所述單刀單擲開關斷開時，所述單刀單擲開關的第二端的電壓等於所述母線電容器的第一端的電壓，並且隨著母線電容器的放電而降低，從而所述第一電壓值小於所述第二電壓值。 The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage acquisition module includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series, and the first ends of the first resistor and the second resistor connected in series are connected to the The second end of the single pole single throw switch and the first end of the bus capacitor, the second end of the first resistor and the second resistor connected in series are grounded, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor connected in series forming a voltage dividing structure to collect the voltage at the second end of the SPST switch to obtain the first voltage value, wherein, when the SPST switch is closed, the voltage at the second end of the SPST switch voltage is equal to the voltage of the first terminal of the SPST switch, so that the first voltage value is equal to the second voltage value, and when the SPST switch is turned off, the The voltage at the second terminal is equal to the voltage at the first terminal of the bus capacitor and decreases as the bus capacitor discharges, such that the first voltage value is less than the second voltage value. 如請求項1所述的電路，其中，所述第一雙極性接面電晶體為PNP雙極性接面電晶體且和所述第二雙極性接面電晶體為NPN雙極性接面電晶體。 The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first bipolar junction transistor is a PNP bipolar junction transistor and the second bipolar junction transistor is an NPN bipolar junction transistor. 如請求項1所述的電路，其中，所述第一雙極性接面電晶體和所述第二雙極性接面電晶體為金屬氧化物MOS電晶體或雙極性接面電晶體BJT。 The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first bipolar junction transistor and the second bipolar junction transistor are metal oxide MOS transistors or bipolar junction transistors BJT. 一種用於異常上電識別的電路，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，所述用於異常上電識別的電路包括：電容器，所述電容器的第一端連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第一端並且所述電容器的第二端接地；電壓採集模組，用於在所述單刀單擲開關閉合後週期性地採集所述電 容器的第一端的電壓值；處理模組，用於在所述電壓採集模組所採集的電壓值呈上升趨勢時識別出所述無刷工具異常上電。 A circuit for abnormal power-on identification, suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool, the control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the single-pole single-throw switch The second end is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the bus capacitor is grounded, and the circuit for abnormal power-on identification includes: a capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the single-pole single-throw switch The first end of the capacitor and the second end of the capacitor are grounded; the voltage acquisition module is used to collect the voltage periodically after the single-pole single-throw switch is closed. The voltage value of the first end of the container; a processing module, configured to identify abnormal power-on of the brushless tool when the voltage value collected by the voltage collection module shows an upward trend. 如請求項5所述的電路，其中，所述電壓採集模組包括第三雙極性接面電晶體、第四雙極性接面電晶體、串聯連接的第五電阻和第六電阻、以及串聯連接的第七電阻和第八電阻，所述串聯連接的第五電阻和第六電阻的第一端連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端以及所述母線電容器的第一端，所述串聯連接的第五電阻和第六電阻的第二端接地，所述第四雙極性接面電晶體的基極經由所述第五電阻連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端以及所述母線電容器的第一端，所述第四雙極性接面電晶體的發射極接地，所述第四雙極性接面電晶體的集電極連接到所述第三雙極性接面電晶體的基極和發射集，所述第三雙極性接面電晶體的發射集連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第一端和所述電容器的第一端，所述第三雙極性接面電晶體的集電極經由所述串聯連接的第七電阻和第八接地，其中，當所述單刀單擲開關閉合時，若已接入電池組，則所述單刀單擲開關的第二端抬升至邏輯高位準，使得所述第四雙極性接面電晶體導通，進而使得所述第三雙極性接面電晶體導通，所述電容器通過所述串聯連接的第七電阻和第八電阻放電，從而所述電容器的第一端的電壓值呈下降趨勢；或者當所述單刀單擲開關閉合時，若尚未接入所述電池組，則無法給所述電容器充電，在接入所述電池組後，才開始給所述電容器充電，從而所述電容器的第一端的電壓值呈上升趨勢。 The circuit according to claim 5, wherein the voltage acquisition module includes a third bipolar junction transistor, a fourth bipolar junction transistor, a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor connected in series, and a series connection The seventh resistor and the eighth resistor, the first end of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor connected in series are connected to the second end of the SPST switch and the first end of the bus capacitor, and the series connection The connected fifth resistor and the second end of the sixth resistor are grounded, and the base of the fourth bipolar junction transistor is connected to the second end of the SPST switch and the bus bar via the fifth resistor The first end of the capacitor, the emitter of the fourth bipolar junction transistor is grounded, the collector of the fourth bipolar junction transistor is connected to the base of the third bipolar junction transistor and an emission set, the emission set of the third bipolar junction transistor is connected to the first end of the SPST switch and the first end of the capacitor, and the collector of the third bipolar junction transistor via the seventh resistor connected in series and the eighth ground, wherein when the SPST switch is closed, if the battery pack is connected, the second terminal of the SPST switch is raised to a logic high level, Turning on the fourth bipolar junction transistor, and then turning on the third bipolar junction transistor, the capacitor is discharged through the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor connected in series, so that the capacitor The voltage value of the first terminal shows a downward trend; or when the single-pole single-throw switch is closed, if the battery pack has not been connected, the capacitor cannot be charged, and the capacitor is charged after the battery pack is connected. The capacitor is charged such that the voltage value at the first terminal of the capacitor tends to rise. 如請求項5所述的電路，其中，所述第三雙極性接面電晶體為PNP雙極性接面電晶體且和所述第四雙極性接面電晶體為NPN雙極性接面電晶體。 The circuit of claim 5, wherein the third bipolar junction transistor is a PNP bipolar junction transistor and the fourth bipolar junction transistor is an NPN bipolar junction transistor. 如請求項5所述的電路，其中，所述第三雙極性接面電 晶體和所述第四雙極性接面電晶體為金屬氧化物MOS電晶體或雙極性接面電晶體BJT。 The circuit according to claim 5, wherein the third bipolar junction circuit The crystal and the fourth bipolar junction transistor are metal oxide MOS transistors or bipolar junction transistors BJT. 一種無刷工具的控制電路，包括：電池組；母線電容器，所述母線電容器的第一端連接到所述電池組的正極並且所述母線電容器的第二端接地；單刀單擲開關，所述單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到所述電池組的正極並且所述單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到所述母線電容器的第一端；半導體開關組，所述半導體開關組與所述母線電容器並聯，並且連接到所述無刷工具的電機；微控制器MCU，用於通過所述半導體開關組控制所述無刷工具的電機進行操作；以及根據請求項1-4中任一項所述的用於開關動作識別的電路，所述用於開關動作識別的電路的所述第一電壓採集模組連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端和所述母線電容器的第一端，所述用於開關動作識別的電路的所述第二電壓採集模組連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端和所述母線電容器的第一端並且連接到所述電池組的正極和所述單刀單擲開關的第一端。 A control circuit for a brushless tool, comprising: a battery pack; a bus capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of which is grounded; a single-pole single-throw switch, the The first end of the single pole single throw switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the second end of the single pole single throw switch is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor; a semiconductor switch group, the semiconductor switch group and the The bus capacitors are connected in parallel and connected to the motor of the brushless tool; the microcontroller MCU is used to control the motor of the brushless tool to operate through the semiconductor switch group; and according to any one of claim items 1-4 In the circuit for identifying switching actions, the first voltage acquisition module of the circuit for identifying switching actions is connected to the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch and the first end of the bus capacitor , the second voltage acquisition module of the circuit for switching action recognition is connected to the second end of the SPST switch and the first end of the bus capacitor and is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the first terminal of the SPST switch. 如請求項9所述的電路，還包括根據請求項7-10中任一項所述的用於異常上電識別的電路，所述用於異常上電識別的電路的電壓採集模組連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第二端和所述母線電容器的第一端並且連接到所述電池組的正極和所述單刀單擲開關的第一端。 The circuit as described in claim 9, further comprising the circuit for abnormal power-on identification according to any one of claim items 7-10, the voltage acquisition module of the circuit for abnormal power-on identification is connected to The second end of the SPST switch and the first end of the bus capacitor are also connected to the positive pole of the battery pack and the first end of the SPST switch. 如請求項10所述的電路，當所述用於異常上電識別的電路識別出所述無刷工具異常上電時，所述MCU利用脈衝信號週期性地斷開和閉合所述半導體開關組以使得所述無刷工具的電機耗電來給母線電容器放電，從而第一電壓採集模組採集到的第一電壓值下降，第二電壓採集模組採集到的第二電壓值保持不變，當所述第一電壓值小於所述第二電壓值時，所述MCU識別到所述單刀單擲開關斷開。 The circuit according to claim 10, when the circuit for abnormal power-on recognition recognizes that the brushless tool is powered on abnormally, the MCU uses a pulse signal to periodically open and close the semiconductor switch group Discharging the bus capacitor by making the motor of the brushless tool consume power, so that the first voltage value collected by the first voltage collection module decreases, and the second voltage value collected by the second voltage collection module remains unchanged, When the first voltage value is smaller than the second voltage value, the MCU recognizes that the SPST switch is disconnected. 一種用於異常上電識別的方法，適用於無刷工具的控制電路，該控制電路包括單刀單擲開關，該單刀單擲開關的第一端連接到電池組的正極且該單刀單擲開關的第二端連接到母線電容器的第一端，該母線電容器的第二端接地，所述用於異常上電識別的方法包括：使電容器的第一端連接到所述單刀單擲開關的第一端並且所述電容器的第二端接地；在所述單刀單擲開關閉合後週期性地採集所述電容器的第一端的電壓值；並且在所採集的電壓值呈上升趨勢時識別出所述無刷工具異常上電。 A method for abnormal power-on identification, suitable for a control circuit of a brushless tool, the control circuit includes a single-pole single-throw switch, the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack, and the first end of the single-pole single-throw switch The second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the bus capacitor, and the second terminal of the bus capacitor is grounded. The method for abnormal power-on identification includes: connecting the first terminal of the capacitor to the first terminal of the single-pole single-throw switch. terminal and the second terminal of the capacitor is grounded; periodically collect the voltage value of the first terminal of the capacitor after the single pole single throw switch is closed; and identify the The brushless tool is powered on abnormally. 一種無刷工具的控制方法，包括：利用如請求項12所述的用於異常上電識別的方法識別所述無刷工具是否異常上電；在所述無刷工具正常上電的情況下，在所述無刷工具異常上電的情況下，利用脈衝信號週期性地斷開和閉合所述無刷工具的半導體開關組以使得所述無刷工具的電機耗電來給所述無刷工具的母線電容器放電，從而所採集的第一電壓值下降，所採集的第二電壓值保持不變，當所述第一電壓值小於所述第二電壓值時，識別到所述單刀單擲開關斷開。 A method for controlling a brushless tool, comprising: identifying whether the brushless tool is abnormally powered on using the method for identifying abnormal power-on as described in claim 12; when the brushless tool is powered on normally, In the case of abnormal power-on of the brushless tool, a pulse signal is used to periodically open and close the semiconductor switch group of the brushless tool so that the motor of the brushless tool consumes power to power the brushless tool The bus capacitor is discharged, so that the collected first voltage value drops, and the collected second voltage value remains unchanged, and when the first voltage value is smaller than the second voltage value, the SPST switch is identified disconnect.
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