TWI806025B - Treatment methods of incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Treatment methods of incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI806025B TWI806025B TW110110587A TW110110587A TWI806025B TW I806025 B TWI806025 B TW I806025B TW 110110587 A TW110110587 A TW 110110587A TW 110110587 A TW110110587 A TW 110110587A TW I806025 B TWI806025 B TW I806025B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- ash
- incineration
- washing
- fly ash
- incineration fly
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 141
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 62
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019976 tricalcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021534 tricalcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
提供一種焚化飛灰的處理方法，能夠抑制焚化飛灰所含的重金屬的溶出，並能夠抑制來自於螯合劑的有機物的溶出。焚化飛灰的處理方法，具備將包含矽化合物與鋁化合物的至少一者的添加物與焚化飛灰混練以作成混合物的混練步驟S11，以及對混合物施加碳酸化處理的碳酸化步驟S12。Provided is a method for treating incineration fly ash, which can suppress the elution of heavy metals contained in the incineration fly ash and can suppress the elution of organic matter derived from a chelating agent. The method for treating incineration fly ash includes a kneading step S11 of kneading an additive including at least one of a silicon compound and an aluminum compound with the incineration fly ash to prepare a mixture, and a carbonation step S12 of carbonating the mixture.
Description
本發明關於一種焚化飛灰的處理方法。The invention relates to a treatment method for incineration fly ash.
經由焚化設施的廢棄物的焚化而產生焚化飛灰。焚化飛灰含有重金屬。因此，焚化飛灰在施加防止重金屬溶出的中間處理後，於最終掩埋場進行填埋處理。例如是，專利文獻1記載有用於將廢棄物所含有的重金屬難溶化的方法。專利文獻1中使用螯合劑使重金屬凝集。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]Incineration fly ash is produced by incineration of waste via incineration facilities. Incineration fly ash contains heavy metals. Therefore, the incineration fly ash is landfilled in the final landfill after the intermediate treatment to prevent the leaching of heavy metals is applied. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method for making heavy metals contained in waste refractory. In Patent Document 1, heavy metals are aggregated using a chelating agent. [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Document]
[專利文獻1] 日本專利特開2014-237114號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-237114
[發明所要解決的課題] 但是，為了使焚化飛灰所含的重金屬難溶化而使用螯合劑的情形，為了確實地進行重金屬的難溶化，雖然使用過剩的螯合劑，但由處理後的焚化飛灰中螯合劑等溶出，而成為有機物的負荷。而且，過剩的螯合劑會阻礙從廢棄物產生的浸出水的水處理之硝化步驟中的硝化反應。因此，於最終掩埋場中，有可能使從廢棄物產生的浸出水的水處理的負荷變大。[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] However, when a chelating agent is used to insoluble heavy metals contained in incineration fly ash, in order to reliably insoluble heavy metals, although excess chelating agent is used, the chelating agent etc. are eluted from the incineration fly ash after the treatment, And become the load of organic matter. Also, excess chelating agent can hinder nitrification reaction in the nitrification step of water treatment of leach water generated from waste. Therefore, in the final landfill, there is a possibility that the load of water treatment of leaching water generated from wastes will increase.
本揭示為鑑於上述的課題而成者，其目的為提供一種焚化飛灰的處理方法，能夠抑制焚化飛灰所含的重金屬的溶出，並能夠抑制來自於螯合劑的有機物的溶出。 [用於解決課題的手段]This disclosure was made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method for treating incineration fly ash that can suppress the elution of heavy metals contained in incineration fly ash and can suppress the elution of organic substances derived from chelating agents. [Means used to solve the problem]
為了達成上述目的，本揭示的一態樣的焚化飛灰的處理方法，具備將包含矽化合物與鋁化合物的至少一者的添加物與焚化飛灰混練以作成混合物的混練步驟，以及對前述混合物施加碳酸化處理的碳酸化步驟。In order to achieve the above object, the method for treating incineration fly ash according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a kneading step of kneading an additive containing at least one of a silicon compound and an aluminum compound with incineration fly ash to form a mixture, and the aforesaid mixture A carbonation step applying a carbonation treatment.
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，前述添加物為焚化主灰。As a preferred aspect of the method for treating incineration fly ash, the aforementioned additive is incineration main ash.
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，前述添加物為矽酸鈉水溶液、混凝土破碎物、水泥所含的鈣系化合物或熔融物、或是包含二氧化矽礦物的岩石或碎屑物。As a preferred aspect of the treatment method of incineration fly ash, the aforementioned additives are sodium silicate aqueous solution, broken concrete, calcium-based compounds or melts contained in cement, or rocks or debris containing silica minerals .
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，具備將焚化主灰劃分為大粒徑灰與最大粒徑比前述大粒徑灰小的小粒徑灰的分離步驟，前述添加物為前述小粒徑灰。As a preferable aspect of the processing method of incineration fly ash, it is equipped with a separation step of dividing the main incineration ash into large particle size ash and small particle size ash whose maximum particle size is smaller than the aforementioned large particle size ash, and the aforementioned additive is the aforementioned small particle size ash. particle size ash.
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，具備藉由將焚化主灰以水清洗以劃分為大粒徑灰與最大粒徑比前述大粒徑灰小的小粒徑灰的分離步驟，前述添加物為前述小粒徑灰。As a preferred aspect of the processing method of incineration fly ash, there is a step of separating the main incineration ash into large particle size ash and small particle size ash whose maximum particle size is smaller than the aforementioned large particle size ash by washing the main incineration ash with water, The aforementioned additive is the aforementioned small particle size ash.
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，具備將焚化主灰以水清洗的清洗步驟，前述添加物為已用於前述清洗步驟中前述焚化主灰的清洗的清洗排水。As a preferred aspect of the processing method of incineration fly ash, a washing step of washing the main incineration ash with water is provided, and the additive is washing water used for washing the main incineration ash in the washing step.
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，具備對焚化主灰施加碳酸化處理的預先碳酸化步驟，以及對利用前述預先碳酸化步驟所碳酸化的前述焚化主灰以水清洗的清洗步驟，前述添加物為已用於前述清洗步驟中前述焚化主灰的清洗的清洗排水。A preferred aspect of the method for treating incineration fly ash includes a pre-carbonation step of carbonating the main incineration ash, and a washing step of washing the main incineration ash carbonated by the pre-carbonation step with water. , the aforesaid additive is the cleaning drainage that has been used for cleaning the aforesaid incinerated main ash in the aforesaid cleaning step.
作為焚化飛灰的處理方法的較佳態樣，具備對包含矽化合物與鋁化合物的至少一者的礦物以水清洗的清洗步驟，前述添加物為前述清洗步驟中前述礦物的清洗所使用的清洗排水。 [發明的效果]As a preferred aspect of the method for treating incineration fly ash, a washing step is provided in which minerals containing at least one of a silicon compound and an aluminum compound are washed with water, and the additive is washing used for washing the minerals in the washing step. drain. [Effect of the invention]
依照本揭示的焚化飛灰的處理方法，能夠抑制焚化飛灰所含的重金屬的溶出，並能夠抑制來自於螯合劑的有機物的溶出。According to the method for treating incineration fly ash disclosed herein, the elution of heavy metals contained in incineration fly ash can be suppressed, and the elution of organic substances derived from the chelating agent can be suppressed.
以下參照本發明所附圖式並詳細說明。尚且，本發明並不被用於實施本發明的型態（以下稱為實施型態）所限定。而且，下述實施型態的構成要素中包含所屬技術領域具有通常知識者能夠容易推知者、實質上相同者、所謂均等的範圍者。進而，可將下述實施型態揭示的構成要素做適當的組合。The accompanying drawings of the present invention will be described in detail below. In addition, this invention is not limited to the form (henceforth an embodiment form) for implementing this invention. In addition, the components of the following embodiments include those that can be easily inferred by those with ordinary skill in the technical field, those that are substantially the same, and those that are within the so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the constituent elements disclosed in the following embodiments can be appropriately combined.
（第1實施型態） 圖1所示為第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。從焚化設施排出的焚化灰區分為焚化主灰及焚化飛灰。於焚化飛灰中含有鉛(Pb)等的重金屬。由於焚化飛灰中所含的重金屬容易溶出，焚化飛灰在填埋之前需進行不使重金屬溶出的處理。第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法是用於抑制重金屬從由焚化設施排出的焚化飛灰溶出的方法。 (1st implementation type) Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment. The incineration ash discharged from the incineration facility is divided into incineration main ash and incineration fly ash. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb) are contained in incineration fly ash. Since the heavy metals contained in the incineration fly ash are easy to dissolve, the incineration fly ash needs to be treated to prevent the dissolution of heavy metals before landfilling. The method for treating incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment is a method for suppressing elution of heavy metals from incineration fly ash discharged from an incineration facility.
如圖1所示，第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法具備混練步驟S11與碳酸化步驟S12。混練步驟S11為將包含矽化合物(Si化合物)及鋁化合物(Al化合物)的至少一者的添加物與焚化飛灰混練的步驟。作為矽化合物，例如是舉出二氧化矽(SiO2)。作為鋁化合物，例如是舉出聚氯化鋁(PAC)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)。 As shown in FIG. 1 , the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment includes a kneading step S11 and a carbonation step S12 . The kneading step S11 is a step of kneading an additive containing at least one of a silicon compound (Si compound) and an aluminum compound (Al compound) with incineration fly ash. As a silicon compound, silicon dioxide ( SiO2 ) is mentioned, for example. Examples of aluminum compounds include polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
於混練步驟S11中，例如是相對於以乾燥重量計2t的焚化飛灰添加213kg的二氧化矽與505kg的水並混練。而且，混練步驟S11中，例如是相對於以乾燥重量計2t的焚化飛灰添加457kg的氧化鋁並混練。 In the kneading step S11, for example, 213 kg of silica and 505 kg of water are added to 2 t of incineration fly ash by dry weight and kneaded. In addition, in the kneading step S11, for example, 457 kg of alumina is added to 2 t of incineration fly ash by dry weight, and kneaded.
碳酸化步驟S12為對混練步驟S11所作成的混合物施加碳酸化處理的步驟。碳酸化處理是使碳酸氣體(二氧化碳(CO2)氣體)與混合物接觸的處理。碳酸化步驟S12是在容器(碳酸化處理槽)配置混合物。容器例如是略直方體的貯藏器(container)。容器具備將內部空間於鉛垂方向分割的間隔壁。間隔壁為與容器的底面平行的板狀部件，具備複數的通氣口。混合物置於間隔壁上。於在間隔壁上載置混合物的狀態，將碳酸氣體導入間隔壁的下側的空間。碳酸氣體通過間隔壁的通氣口並與混合物接觸。混合物藉由吸收碳酸氣體而碳酸化。 The carbonation step S12 is a step of applying a carbonation treatment to the mixture prepared in the kneading step S11. The carbonation treatment is a treatment of bringing carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas) into contact with the mixture. In the carbonation step S12, the mixture is placed in a container (carbonation treatment tank). The container is, for example, a substantially cuboid container. The container includes a partition wall that partitions the internal space in the vertical direction. The partition wall is a plate-shaped member parallel to the bottom surface of the container, and has a plurality of ventilation ports. The mixture is placed on the partition wall. In a state where the mixture is placed on the partition wall, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the space below the partition wall. Carbon dioxide gas passes through the vents of the partition wall and contacts the mixture. The mixture is carbonated by absorbing carbon dioxide gas.
於碳酸化步驟S12中，例如是將容量為8m3的貯藏器用作為容器。在貯藏器中，混練步驟S11所作成的混合物以30cm以上、50cm以下的厚度均勻的放置。然後，從貯藏器的間隔壁的下部連續6小時，對每1kg混合物通氣60g的碳酸氣體。於碳酸化步驟S12中，能夠將水泥系水合產物以及矽酸鈉的至少一者碳酸化。In the carbonation step S12, for example, a storage tank with a capacity of 8 m 3 is used as a container. In the container, the mixture prepared in the kneading step S11 is uniformly placed with a thickness of not less than 30 cm and not more than 50 cm. Then, 60 g of carbon dioxide gas per 1 kg of the mixture was ventilated continuously for 6 hours from the lower part of the partition wall of the container. In the carbonation step S12, at least one of the cement-based hydration product and sodium silicate can be carbonated.
尚且，混練步驟S11後，亦可以進行3小時以上、48小時以下，或是6小時以上、24小時以下的養護步驟。Furthermore, after the kneading step S11, the curing step may be performed for more than 3 hours and less than 48 hours, or for more than 6 hours and less than 24 hours.
第1實施例藉由在混練步驟S11中添加水，產生添加物之一例的水泥所含的鈣系化合物的水合反應。依此，能夠生成水泥系水合產物。而且，藉由添加水，產生焚化飛灰中的鹼成分與添加物之二氧化矽反應的鹼二氧化矽反應。依此，能夠生成矽酸鈉。而且，於碳酸化步驟S12中，水泥系水合產物以及矽酸鈉被碳酸化，生成礦物。該礦物能夠吸藏或吸附重金屬。In the first embodiment, by adding water in the kneading step S11, the hydration reaction of the calcium-based compound contained in cement as an example of the additive occurs. Accordingly, a cement-based hydration product can be produced. Furthermore, by adding water, an alkali silica reaction in which the alkali component in the incineration fly ash reacts with the silica of the additive occurs. Accordingly, sodium silicate can be produced. Then, in the carbonation step S12, the cement-based hydrated product and sodium silicate are carbonated to produce minerals. The mineral can absorb or absorb heavy metals.
而且，藉由在混練步驟S11後進行養護步驟，水合反應與卜作嵐反應（pozzolanic reaction）進行。於卜作嵐反應中，水泥系水合反應產物之氫氧化鈣與添加物所含的二氧化矽以及氧化鋁反應。其結果，產生混練物的pH的降低，能夠降低混練物中的焚化飛灰所含的重金屬的溶解度。And, by performing the curing step after the kneading step S11, the hydration reaction and the pozzolanic reaction proceed. In the Buzuolan reaction, the calcium hydroxide of the cement-based hydration reaction product reacts with the silica and alumina contained in the additive. As a result, the pH of the kneaded product decreases, and the solubility of heavy metals contained in the incineration fly ash in the kneaded product can be reduced.
以上的結果，能夠降低焚化飛灰所含的重金屬的溶出量。As a result of the above, it is possible to reduce the amount of elution of heavy metals contained in incineration fly ash.
進行與第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法相關的實驗（以下稱為第1實驗）。第1實驗是對經不同處理方法處理的6個焚化飛灰測定溶出的鉛的濃度。作為實驗對象的6個試料設為第1比較例、第2比較例、第3比較例、第4比較例、第1實施例、第2實施例。圖2所示為與從焚化飛灰溶出的鉛的濃度相關的第1實驗結果的圖表。Experiments related to the processing method of the incineration fly ash of the first embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the first experiment) were performed. The first experiment was to measure the concentration of leached lead in 6 incineration fly ash treated by different treatment methods. Six samples to be tested are referred to as a first comparative example, a second comparative example, a third comparative example, a fourth comparative example, a first example, and a second example. Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of the first experiment related to the concentration of lead eluted from incineration fly ash.
第1比較例為未進行任何處理的焚化飛灰。第2比較例為僅施加碳酸化的焚化飛灰。第3比較例為二氧化矽與焚化飛灰的混合物。第3比較例相對於1kg的焚化飛灰添加53.2g的二氧化矽。第3比較例未進行碳酸化。第4比較例為聚氯化鋁（PAC）與焚化飛灰的混合物。第4比較例相對於1kg的焚化飛灰添加114.2g的聚氯化鋁。第4比較例未進行碳酸化。The first comparative example is incineration fly ash that has not undergone any treatment. The second comparative example is incineration fly ash to which only carbonation was applied. The third comparative example is a mixture of silica and incineration fly ash. In the third comparative example, 53.2 g of silica was added to 1 kg of incineration fly ash. In the third comparative example, carbonation was not performed. The fourth comparative example is a mixture of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and incineration fly ash. In the fourth comparative example, 114.2 g of polyaluminum chloride was added to 1 kg of incineration fly ash. In the fourth comparative example, carbonation was not performed.
第1實施例為將二氧化矽與焚化飛灰的混合物碳酸化者。亦即是，第1實施例為藉由上述第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法所處理的焚化飛灰。第1實施例在混練步驟S11中，相對於1kg的焚化飛灰添加53.2g的二氧化矽。 The first embodiment is the carbonation of the mixture of silica and incineration fly ash. That is, the first embodiment is the incineration fly ash processed by the method for processing the incineration fly ash of the above-mentioned first embodiment. In the first example, in the kneading step S11, 53.2 g of silica was added to 1 kg of incineration fly ash.
第2實施例為將聚氯化鋁與焚化飛灰的混合物碳酸化者。亦即是，第2實施例為藉由上述第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法所處理的焚化飛灰。第2實施例在混練步驟S11中，相對於1kg的焚化飛灰添加114.2g的聚氯化鋁。 The second embodiment is the carbonation of the mixture of polyaluminum chloride and incineration fly ash. That is, the second embodiment is the incineration fly ash processed by the method for processing the incineration fly ash of the above-mentioned first embodiment. In the second example, in the kneading step S11, 114.2 g of polyaluminum chloride was added to 1 kg of incineration fly ash.
第2比較例、第1實施例以及第2實施例的碳酸化處理，是將焚化飛灰(或混合物)以含水率成為20%的方式進行水分調整後，藉由通氣碳酸氣體以進行。更具體而言，碳酸化處理連續進行1.8小時。以1.8小時通氣的碳酸氣體的量，每1kg的焚化飛灰(或混合物)為60g。 The carbonation treatment of the second comparative example, the first example and the second example is carried out by blowing carbon dioxide gas after adjusting the water content of the incineration fly ash (or the mixture) so that the water content becomes 20%. More specifically, the carbonation treatment was continuously performed for 1.8 hours. The amount of carbon dioxide gas that is ventilated for 1.8 hours is 60g per 1kg of incineration fly ash (or mixture).
第1實驗首先自於試料加入10倍量的純水起振動6小時。其後，試料藉由離心分離器分離為固體與液體。分離的溶液以孔徑1.0μm的膜過濾器過濾。然後，測定過濾的溶液的鉛的濃度(mg/L)。如圖2所示，第1實施例以及第2實施例所溶出的鉛的濃度相對於第1比較例所溶出的鉛的濃度非常小。於下述的說明中，使用降低率。降低率為相對於第1比較例的測定結果(溶出的鉛的濃度)，各試料的測定結果與第1比較例的測定結果之差的比以百分率表示的值。亦即是，降低率設為R、第1比較例的測定結果設為S1，其他的試料的測定結果設為Sx，則降低率以下述式(1)表示。 In the first experiment, 10 times the amount of pure water was added to the sample and shaken for 6 hours. Thereafter, the sample was separated into solid and liquid by a centrifugal separator. The separated solution was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 1.0 μm. Then, the lead concentration (mg/L) of the filtered solution was measured. As shown in FIG. 2 , the concentration of lead eluted in the first example and the second example is very small compared to the concentration of lead eluted in the first comparative example. In the description below, the reduction rate is used. The reduction rate is a value expressed as a percentage of the ratio of the difference between the measurement results of each sample and the measurement results of the first comparative example with respect to the measurement results of the first comparative example (concentration of eluted lead). That is, when the reduction rate is represented by R, the measurement result of the first comparative example is represented by S 1 , and the measurement results of other samples are represented by S x , the reduction rate is represented by the following formula (1).
R=(S1-Sx)×100/S1...(1) R=(S 1 -S x )×100/S 1 ...(1)
第2比較例的降低率停留在約32%。第3比較例的降低率停留在約16%。第4比較例的降低率停留在約24%。相對於此，第1實施例的降低率約為99.5%。第2實施例的降低率約為99.4%。 The reduction rate of the second comparative example remained at about 32%. The reduction rate of the third comparative example remained at about 16%. The reduction rate of the fourth comparative example remained at about 24%. On the other hand, the reduction rate of the first embodiment is about 99.5%. The reduction rate of the second embodiment is about 99.4%.
如同上述說明，第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法具備混練步驟S11與碳酸化步驟S12。混練步驟S11為將包含矽化合物及鋁化合物的至少一者的添加物與焚化飛灰混練以作成混合物的步驟。碳酸化步驟S12為對混合物施加 碳酸化處理的步驟。 As described above, the method for processing incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment includes the kneading step S11 and the carbonation step S12. The kneading step S11 is a step of kneading the additive containing at least one of the silicon compound and the aluminum compound and the incineration fly ash to prepare a mixture. Carbonation step S12 is to apply to the mixture Steps of carbonation treatment.
依此，藉由碳酸化步驟S12的重金屬的不溶化、以及重金屬被其他物質吸藏或吸附等的理由，抑制重金屬的溶出。而且，第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法，不使用螯合劑而能夠抑制重金屬的溶出。因此，第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法能夠抑制焚化飛灰所含的重金屬的溶出，且藉由不使用螯合劑而能夠抑制來自於螯合劑的有機物的溶出。 Accordingly, the elution of heavy metals is suppressed due to reasons such as the insolubilization of heavy metals in the carbonation step S12 and the occlusion or adsorption of heavy metals by other substances. Furthermore, in the method for processing incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment, the elution of heavy metals can be suppressed without using a chelating agent. Therefore, the method for treating incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment can suppress the elution of heavy metals contained in the incineration fly ash, and can suppress the elution of organic substances derived from the chelating agent by not using the chelating agent.
(第1實施例的變形例) (Modification of the first embodiment)
第1實施例的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法，在混練步驟S11中使用焚化主灰作為添加物。亦即是，在混練步驟S11中，將作為添加物的焚化主灰與焚化飛灰混練。於第1實施型態的變形例的混練步驟S11中，例如是相對於以乾燥重量計為1t的焚化飛灰，添加以乾燥重量計為1t的焚化主灰進行混練。然後，碳酸化步驟S12對混練步驟S11所作成的焚化飛灰與焚化主灰的混合物施加碳酸化處理。 In the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the modified example of the first embodiment, incineration main ash is used as an additive in the kneading step S11. That is, in the kneading step S11, the incineration main ash and the incineration fly ash as additives are kneaded. In the kneading step S11 of the modified example of the first embodiment, for example, 1 t of incineration main ash by dry weight is added to 1 t of incineration fly ash by dry weight, and kneaded. Then, the carbonation step S12 applies carbonation treatment to the mixture of the incineration fly ash and the incineration main ash produced in the kneading step S11.
圖3所示為焚化飛灰以及焚化主灰的含有成分的圖。圖3為使用散射射線基本參數(Fundamental Parameter,FP)法對焚化飛灰以及焚化主灰的含有成分進行分析的結果。圖3表示焚化飛灰以及焚化主灰個別所含物質的質量百分率濃度。圖3中的空白(Balance)表示以散射射線FP法未測得的物質。如圖3所示，焚化主灰所含的二氧化矽(SiO2)為焚化飛灰所含的二氧化矽的約10倍。焚化主灰所含的氧化鋁(Al2O3)為焚化飛灰所含的氧化鋁的約40倍。因此，藉由使用焚化主灰作為添加物，能夠對焚化飛灰供給矽化合物以及鋁化合物。而且，焚化主灰所含的氧化鐵(Fe2O3)為焚化飛灰所含的氧化鐵的約8.5倍。焚化主灰大量含有的氧化鐵(Fe2O3)吸附重金屬。因此，焚化主灰有助於抑制重金屬的溶出。 Fig. 3 is a diagram showing components of incineration fly ash and incineration main ash. Fig. 3 is the result of analyzing the components of incineration fly ash and incineration main ash by using the fundamental parameter (Fundamental Parameter, FP) method of scattered rays. Figure 3 shows the mass percentage concentrations of the individual substances contained in incineration fly ash and incineration main ash. The blank (Balance) in Fig. 3 indicates substances not detected by the scattered ray FP method. As shown in FIG. 3 , silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) contained in the main incineration ash is about 10 times that of the silicon dioxide contained in the incineration fly ash. The alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) contained in the incineration main ash is about 40 times that of the incineration fly ash. Therefore, by using incineration main ash as an additive, silicon compounds and aluminum compounds can be supplied to incineration fly ash. Also, the iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) contained in the incineration main ash is about 8.5 times the iron oxide contained in the incineration fly ash. Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) contained in a large amount in the incineration main ash adsorbs heavy metals. Therefore, incineration of the main ash helps to inhibit the dissolution of heavy metals.
進行與第1實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法相關的實驗（以下稱為第2實驗）。第2實驗對於以不同方法處理的4個焚化飛灰，測定溶出的鉛的濃度。作為實驗對象的4個試料設為第5比較例、第6比較例、第7比較例、第3實施例。圖2所示為與從焚化飛灰溶出的鉛的濃度相關的第2實驗結果的圖表。An experiment (hereinafter referred to as a second experiment) related to the processing method of incineration fly ash according to a modified example of the first embodiment was performed. In the second experiment, the concentration of eluted lead was measured for four incineration fly ash treated in different ways. Four samples to be tested are referred to as a fifth comparative example, a sixth comparative example, a seventh comparative example, and a third example. Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of the second experiment related to the concentration of lead eluted from incineration fly ash.
第5比較例為未進行任何處理的焚化飛灰。第6比較例為僅施加碳酸化處理的焚化飛灰。第7比較例為焚化主灰與焚化飛灰的混合物。第7比較例相對於焚化飛灰添加同量的焚化主灰。第7比較例為未碳酸化的混合物。The fifth comparative example is incineration fly ash that has not undergone any treatment. The sixth comparative example is incineration fly ash to which only carbonation treatment was applied. The seventh comparative example is a mixture of incineration main ash and incineration fly ash. In the seventh comparative example, the same amount of incineration main ash was added to the incineration fly ash. The seventh comparative example is an uncarbonated mixture.
第3實施例為將焚化主灰與焚化飛灰的混合物碳酸化者。亦即是，第3實施例為藉由第1實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法處理的焚化飛灰。第3實施例在混練步驟S11中，對於焚化飛灰添加同量的焚化主灰。In the third embodiment, a mixture of incineration main ash and incineration fly ash is carbonated. That is, the third embodiment is the incineration fly ash processed by the method for processing the incineration fly ash according to the modified example of the first embodiment. In the third embodiment, in the kneading step S11, the same amount of main incineration ash is added to the incineration fly ash.
第6比較例以及第3實施例的碳酸化處理，是將焚化飛灰（或混合物）以含水率成為20%的方式進行水分調整後，藉由通氣碳酸氣體以進行。更具體而言，碳酸化處理連續進行1.8小時。以1.8小時通氣的碳酸氣體的量，每1kg的焚化飛灰（或混合物）為60g。The carbonation treatment of the sixth comparative example and the third example was carried out by blowing carbon dioxide gas after adjusting the water content of the incinerated fly ash (or the mixture) so that the water content became 20%. More specifically, the carbonation treatment was continuously performed for 1.8 hours. The amount of carbon dioxide gas that is ventilated for 1.8 hours is 60g per 1kg of incineration fly ash (or mixture).
第2實驗首先自試料加入10倍量的純水起振動6小時。其後，試料藉由離心分離器分離為固體與液體。分離的溶液以孔徑1.0μm的膜過濾器過濾。然後，測定過濾的溶液的鉛的濃度（mg/L）。如圖4所示，第3實施例所溶出的鉛的濃度相對於第5比較例所溶出的鉛的濃度非常小。第6比較例的降低率停留在約81%。第7比較例的降低率停留在約60%。相對於此，第3實施例的降低率約為99.7%。In the second experiment, first, 10 times the amount of pure water was added to the sample and shaken for 6 hours. Thereafter, the sample was separated into solid and liquid by a centrifugal separator. The separated solution was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 1.0 μm. Then, the lead concentration (mg/L) of the filtered solution was measured. As shown in FIG. 4 , the concentration of lead eluted in the third example is very small compared to the concentration of lead eluted in the fifth comparative example. The reduction rate of the sixth comparative example remained at about 81%. The reduction rate of the seventh comparative example remained at about 60%. On the other hand, the reduction rate of the third example is about 99.7%.
如同上述，第1實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法中，添加物為焚化主灰。As described above, in the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the modified example of the first embodiment, the additive is incineration main ash.
由於焚化主灰中大量含有矽化合物以及鋁化合物。於混練步驟S11中，能夠容易地對焚化飛灰供給矽化合物以及鋁化合物。由於焚化主灰為在焚化設施中與焚化飛灰共同生成，能夠容易籌集。因此，與使用矽化合物或鋁化合物作為添加物的情形相比較，能夠降低添加物所花費的成本。而且，藉由焚化主灰所含的氧化鐵，更為抑制重金屬的溶出。因此，如依照第1實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法，能夠更為容易處理焚化飛灰。Because the incineration main ash contains a large amount of silicon compounds and aluminum compounds. In the kneading step S11, the silicon compound and the aluminum compound can be easily supplied to the incineration fly ash. Since the main incineration ash is produced together with the incineration fly ash in the incineration facility, it can be collected easily. Therefore, compared with the case where a silicon compound or an aluminum compound is used as an additive, the cost for the additive can be reduced. Moreover, by incinerating the iron oxide contained in the main ash, the elution of heavy metals is further suppressed. Therefore, according to the processing method of the incineration fly ash of the modified example of 1st Embodiment, it becomes possible to process an incineration fly ash more easily.
（第2實施型態） 第2實施型態為對關於將焚化主灰分離為大粒徑灰與小粒徑灰、選擇使用小粒徑灰處理焚化飛灰的方法進行說明。大粒徑灰為塊狀的灰（熔結塊）、熔渣等。小粒徑灰是指粒徑5mm以下的灰。由於小粒徑灰與大粒徑灰相較之下比表面積大，與焚化飛灰混練之際，能夠使矽化合物以及鋁化合物的溶出量增加。(Second implementation type) The second embodiment will describe a method of separating the main incineration ash into large particle size ash and small particle size ash, and selectively using the small particle size ash to treat incineration fly ash. Large particle size ash is lumpy ash (sintered agglomerate), slag and the like. Small particle size ash refers to ash with a particle size of 5 mm or less. Since the small particle size ash has a larger specific surface area than the large particle size ash, when kneading with incineration fly ash, it can increase the dissolution amount of silicon compounds and aluminum compounds.
圖5所示為第2實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。如圖5所示，第2實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法，具備分離步驟S21、混練步驟S22與碳酸化步驟S23。Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5 , the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the second embodiment includes a separation step S21 , a kneading step S22 and a carbonation step S23 .
分離步驟S21為將焚化主灰劃分為大粒徑灰與小粒徑灰的步驟。小粒徑灰的最大粒徑比大粒徑灰的最小粒徑小。換句話說，小粒徑灰是在焚化主灰所劃分的2個組群中最大粒徑小的組群。例如，小粒徑灰的粒徑為5mm以下。更具體而言，通過網眼為5mm的篩網的焚化主灰為小粒徑灰。未通過網眼為5mm的篩網的焚化主灰為大粒徑灰。尚且，小粒徑灰的粒徑亦可以不必然為5mm以下，沒有特別的限定。焚化主灰例如是藉由篩分離為大粒徑灰與小粒徑灰。尚且，焚化主灰亦可以藉由水清洗而分離為大粒徑灰與小粒徑灰。The separation step S21 is a step of dividing the incinerated main ash into large particle size ash and small particle size ash. The maximum particle size of the small particle size ash is smaller than the minimum particle size of the large particle size ash. In other words, the small particle size ash is a group having a smaller maximum particle size among the two groups divided into incineration main ash. For example, the particle size of the small particle size ash is 5 mm or less. More specifically, the main incineration ash that passed through the sieve with a mesh size of 5 mm was small particle size ash. The main incineration ash that does not pass through the sieve with a mesh size of 5mm is the large particle size ash. Furthermore, the particle size of the small particle size ash does not have to be 5 mm or less, and is not particularly limited. The main incineration ash is, for example, separated into large particle size ash and small particle size ash by sieving. Moreover, the main incineration ash can also be separated into large particle size ash and small particle size ash by washing with water.
混練步驟S22將分離步驟S21所生成的小粒徑灰與焚化飛灰混練。亦即是，於混練步驟S22中，將作為添加物的小粒徑灰與焚化飛灰混練。碳酸化步驟S23為對混練步驟S22作成的混合物施加碳酸化處理的步驟。The kneading step S22 kneads the small particle size ash generated in the separation step S21 and the incineration fly ash. That is, in the kneading step S22, the small particle diameter ash and the incineration fly ash as additives are kneaded. The carbonation step S23 is a step of applying carbonation treatment to the mixture prepared in the kneading step S22.
如上所述，第2實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法，具備將焚化主灰劃分為大粒徑灰以及最大粒徑比大粒徑灰小的小粒徑灰的分離步驟S21。混練步驟S22的添加物為小粒徑灰。As described above, the method for processing incineration fly ash according to the second embodiment includes the separation step S21 of dividing the main incineration ash into large particle size ash and small particle size ash whose maximum particle size is smaller than the large particle size ash. The additive in the kneading step S22 is ash with small particle size.
由於焚化主灰的一部分之小粒徑灰的表面積大，矽化合物以及鋁化合物的溶出量多，在混練步驟S22中能夠容易地對焚化飛灰供給矽化合物以及鋁化合物。進而，與焚化主灰的全部與焚化飛灰混練的情形相較之下，粒徑小的小粒徑灰能夠容易地與焚化飛灰混練。而且，由於焚化主灰為在焚化設施中與焚化飛灰共同生成，能夠容易籌集。因此，與使用矽化合物或鋁化合物作為添加物的情形相比較，能夠降低添加物所花費的成本。而且，由於小粒徑灰能夠溶出比大粒徑灰多的矽化合物以及鋁化合物，與添加小粒徑灰以及大粒徑灰兩者的情形相較之下，能夠降低添加物的量。進而，小粒徑灰含有比大粒徑灰多的重金屬。由於焚化主灰所含的重金屬的多數與焚化飛灰混練而難溶化，殘渣的大粒徑灰所含的重金屬變少。因此，焚化主灰（大粒徑灰）的回收容易。焚化主灰（大粒徑灰）例如是回收作為水泥的原料或土木資材。Part of the incineration main ash has a large surface area and a large amount of eluted silicon compound and aluminum compound, so that the silicon compound and the aluminum compound can be easily supplied to the incineration fly ash in the kneading step S22. Furthermore, compared with the case where all of the main incineration ash is kneaded with the incineration fly ash, the small particle diameter ash with a small particle diameter can be easily kneaded with the incineration fly ash. Furthermore, since the main incineration ash is produced together with the incineration fly ash in the incineration facility, it can be collected easily. Therefore, compared with the case where a silicon compound or an aluminum compound is used as an additive, the cost for the additive can be reduced. Furthermore, since the small particle size ash can dissolve more silicon compounds and aluminum compounds than the large particle size ash, the amount of additives can be reduced compared to the case where both the small particle size ash and the large particle size ash are added. Furthermore, the small particle diameter ash contains more heavy metals than the large particle diameter ash. Since most of the heavy metals contained in the main incineration ash are kneaded with the incineration fly ash and are insoluble, the heavy metals contained in the large particle size ash of the residue are reduced. Therefore, recovery of incineration main ash (large particle size ash) is easy. Incineration main ash (large particle size ash) is recovered as raw materials for cement or civil engineering materials, for example.
如上所述，第2實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法具備藉由將焚化主灰以水清洗以劃分為大粒徑灰以及最大粒徑比大粒徑灰小的小粒徑灰的分離步驟S21。混練步驟S22的添加物為小粒徑灰。As described above, the method for treating incineration fly ash according to the second embodiment includes separating the main incineration ash into large particle size ash and small particle size ash whose maximum particle size is smaller than the large particle size ash by washing the main incineration ash with water. Step S21. The additive in the kneading step S22 is ash with small particle size.
依此，焚化主灰容易分離為大粒徑灰與小粒徑灰。Accordingly, the main incineration ash is easily separated into large particle size ash and small particle size ash.
（第3實施型態） 第3實施型態對使用已清洗焚化主灰的清洗排水來處理焚化飛灰的方法進行說明。(Third implementation type) 3rd Embodiment demonstrates the method of treating incineration fly ash using the washing|cleaning waste water which cleaned the main incineration ash.
圖6所示為第3實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。如圖6所示，第3實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法具備清洗步驟S32、混練步驟S33與碳酸化步驟S34。Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6 , the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the third embodiment includes a cleaning step S32 , a kneading step S33 and a carbonation step S34 .
清洗步驟S32以水清洗焚化主灰的步驟。清洗步驟S32所產生的清洗排水，為與焚化主灰接觸的水。藉由進行清洗，能夠使水溶性的矽成分或鋁成分溶出。The cleaning step S32 is a step of cleaning the incinerated main ash with water. The washing water produced in the washing step S32 is the water in contact with the incineration main ash. By washing, water-soluble silicon components or aluminum components can be eluted.
混練步驟S33將清洗步驟S32產生的清洗排水與焚化飛灰混練。亦即是，於混練步驟S33中，將作為添加物的清洗排水與焚化飛灰混練。碳酸化步驟S34為對混練步驟S33作成的混合物施加碳酸化處理的步驟。The kneading step S33 kneads the washing water produced in the washing step S32 and the incineration fly ash. That is, in the kneading step S33, the washing water and incineration fly ash as additives are kneaded. The carbonation step S34 is a step of applying carbonation treatment to the mixture prepared in the kneading step S33.
如上所述，第3實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法具備將焚化主灰以水清洗的清洗步驟S32。混練步驟S33的添加物為已用於清洗步驟S32中焚化主灰的清洗的清洗排水。As mentioned above, the processing method of the incineration fly ash of 3rd Embodiment is equipped with the washing|cleaning process S32 which washes the main incineration ash with water. The additive in the kneading step S33 is the washing water that has been used for washing the incinerated main ash in the washing step S32.
由於通過焚化主灰的清洗排水含有矽或鋁成分，在混練步驟S33中能夠容易地對焚化飛灰供給矽．鋁化合物。由於焚化主灰為在焚化設施中與焚化飛灰共同生成，能夠容易籌集。因此，與使用矽化合物或鋁化合物作為添加物的情形相比較，能夠降低添加物所花費的成本。進而，清洗排水含有比清洗殘渣多的重金屬。由於焚化主灰所含的重金屬的多數與焚化飛灰混練而難溶化，清洗殘渣所含的重金屬變少。因此，焚化主灰（清洗殘渣）的回收容易。焚化主灰（清洗殘渣）例如是回收作為水泥的原料或土木資材。Since the washing water from the incineration main ash contains silicon or aluminum, silicon can be easily supplied to the incineration fly ash in the kneading step S33. Aluminum compounds. Since the main incineration ash is produced together with the incineration fly ash in the incineration facility, it can be collected easily. Therefore, compared with the case where a silicon compound or an aluminum compound is used as an additive, the cost for the additive can be reduced. Furthermore, the washing effluent contains more heavy metals than the washing residue. Since most of the heavy metals contained in the incineration main ash are kneaded with the incineration fly ash and are difficult to dissolve, the heavy metals contained in the cleaning residue become less. Therefore, recovery of incineration main ash (cleaning residue) is easy. Incineration of the main ash (cleaning residue) is recovered as raw materials for cement or civil engineering materials, for example.
（第3實施例的變形例） 第3實施例的變形例是對使用已清洗碳酸化的焚化主灰的清洗排水來處理焚化飛灰的方法進行說明。(Modification of the third embodiment) A modified example of the third embodiment will describe a method of treating incineration fly ash using the cleaning wastewater of the carbonated incineration main ash.
圖7所示為第3實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。如圖7所示，第3實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法具備預先碳酸化步驟S31、清洗步驟S32、混練步驟S33與碳酸化步驟S34。Fig. 7 is a flow chart showing a processing method of incineration fly ash according to a modified example of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7 , the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the modified example of the third embodiment includes a preliminary carbonation step S31 , a cleaning step S32 , a kneading step S33 , and a carbonation step S34 .
預先碳酸化步驟S31是對焚化主灰施加碳酸化處理的步驟。進行與碳酸化的焚化主灰相關的實驗（以下稱為第3實驗）。第3實驗對未碳酸化的焚化主灰與碳酸化的焚化主灰測定溶出鋁的濃度。第3實驗自對試料添加10倍量的純水起振動6小時。其後，試料以離心分離器分離為固體與液體。分離的溶液以孔徑1.0μm的膜過濾器過濾。測定過濾的溶液的鋁的濃度（mg/L）。The preliminary carbonation step S31 is a step of applying carbonation treatment to the incineration main ash. An experiment related to carbonated incineration main ash (hereinafter referred to as the third experiment) was performed. In the third experiment, the concentration of eluted aluminum was measured for uncarbonated incineration main ash and carbonated incineration main ash. In the third experiment, vibration was performed for 6 hours after adding 10 times the amount of pure water to the sample. Thereafter, the sample was separated into solid and liquid by a centrifugal separator. The separated solution was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 1.0 μm. The aluminum concentration (mg/L) of the filtered solution was determined.
圖8所示為與從焚化主灰溶出的鋁的濃度相關的實驗結果的圖表。如圖8所示，相對於未碳酸化的焚化主灰，從碳酸化的焚化主灰溶出的鋁的濃度非常高。Fig. 8 is a graph showing experimental results in relation to the concentration of aluminum leached from incineration primary ash. As shown in Figure 8, the concentration of aluminum leached from the carbonated incineration main ash was very high relative to the uncarbonated incineration main ash.
清洗步驟S32為對利用預先碳酸化步驟S31所碳酸化的焚化主灰以水清洗的步驟。清洗步驟S32所產生的清洗排水為與碳酸化的焚化主灰接觸的水。因此，對清洗排水中溶出有多量的鋁。The washing step S32 is a step of washing with water the incinerated main ash carbonated in the preliminary carbonation step S31. The washing water produced in the washing step S32 is the water in contact with the carbonated incineration main ash. Therefore, a large amount of aluminum is leached out in the washing wastewater.
如上所述，第3實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法，具備對焚化主灰施加碳酸化處理的預先碳酸化步驟S31、對預先碳酸化步驟S31所碳酸化的焚化主灰以水清洗的清洗步驟S32。混練步驟S33的添加物為已用於清洗步驟S32中的焚化主灰的清洗的排水。As described above, the method for processing incineration fly ash according to the modified example of the third embodiment includes the pre-carbonation step S31 of carbonating the main incineration ash, and the carbonation of the main incineration ash carbonated in the pre-carbonation step S31. Washing step S32 of washing with water. The additive in the kneading step S33 is the drain water that has been used for washing the incinerated main ash in the washing step S32.
由於通過碳酸化的焚化主灰的清洗排水中含有多量的鋁，在混練步驟S33中能夠容易地對焚化飛灰供給鋁化合物。由於焚化主灰為在焚化設施中與焚化飛灰共同生成，能夠容易籌集。因此，與使用矽化合物或鋁化合物作為添加物的情形相比較，能夠降低添加物所花費的成本。進而，清洗排水含有比清洗殘渣多的重金屬。由於焚化主灰所含的重金屬的多數與焚化飛灰混練而難溶化，清洗殘渣所含的重金屬變少。因此，焚化主灰（清洗殘渣）的回收容易。焚化主灰（清洗殘渣）例如是回收作為水泥的原料或土木資材。Since a large amount of aluminum is contained in the cleaning wastewater of the incineration main ash by carbonation, the aluminum compound can be easily supplied to the incineration fly ash in the kneading step S33. Since the main incineration ash is produced together with the incineration fly ash in the incineration facility, it can be collected easily. Therefore, compared with the case where a silicon compound or an aluminum compound is used as an additive, the cost for the additive can be reduced. Furthermore, the washing effluent contains more heavy metals than the washing residue. Since most of the heavy metals contained in the incineration main ash are kneaded with the incineration fly ash and are difficult to dissolve, the heavy metals contained in the cleaning residue become less. Therefore, recovery of incineration main ash (cleaning residue) is easy. Incineration of the main ash (cleaning residue) is recovered as raw materials for cement or civil engineering materials, for example.
尚且，第3實施型態與第3實施型態的變形例中，亦可以取代焚化主灰而對包含矽化合物以及鋁化合物的至少一者的礦物以水清洗。礦物例如是混凝土破碎物、水泥中所含的鈣系化合物（矽酸三鈣、矽酸二鈣、鋁酸鹽相、鐵氧體相）或熔融物（熔渣）、或包含二氧化矽礦物的岩石或碎屑物（火成岩（石英、鱗矽石、白矽石、斜矽石、重矽石等）、堆積岩（矽藻土））等。包含二氧化矽的礦物如以鹼性溶液清洗，由於二氧化矽的溶解度變高而較佳。Furthermore, in the third embodiment and the modified example of the third embodiment, the mineral containing at least one of the silicon compound and the aluminum compound may be washed with water instead of the incineration main ash. Minerals such as concrete cracks, calcium-based compounds contained in cement (tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, aluminate phase, ferrite phase) or molten matter (slag), or minerals containing silica Rocks or debris (igneous rocks (quartz, tetrasilite, white silica, clinoplasty, heavy silica, etc.), sedimentary rocks (diatomaceous earth)), etc. Minerals containing silicon dioxide are better cleaned with alkaline solution because the solubility of silicon dioxide becomes higher.
如上所述，於第3實施型態以及第3實施型態的變形例中，焚化飛灰的處理方法亦可以具備將包含矽化合物以及鋁化合物的至少一者的礦物以水清洗的清洗步驟S32。混練步驟S33的添加物是已用於清洗步驟S32中礦物的清洗的清洗排水。As described above, in the third embodiment and the modified example of the third embodiment, the method for treating incineration fly ash may include a washing step S32 of washing minerals containing at least one of silicon compounds and aluminum compounds with water. . The additive of the kneading step S33 is the washing drainage that has been used for the washing of the minerals in the washing step S32.
由於通過礦物的清洗排水中包含矽化合物或鋁化合物，能夠容易地在混練步驟S33中對焚化飛灰供給矽化合物或鋁化合物。Since the silicon compound or the aluminum compound is contained in the washing effluent by the mineral, the silicon compound or the aluminum compound can be easily supplied to the incineration fly ash in the kneading step S33.
（第4實施型態） 於第1實施型態中，將焚化主灰用作為包含矽化合物以及鋁化合物的至少一者的添加物。亦可以使用混凝土破碎物、水泥中所含的鈣系化合物（矽酸三鈣、矽酸二鈣、鋁酸鹽相、鐵氧體相）或熔融物（熔渣）、或包含二氧化矽礦物的岩石或碎屑物（火成岩（石英、鱗矽石、白矽石、斜矽石、重矽石等）、堆積岩（矽藻土））等來取代作為添加物的焚化主灰。而且，亦可以使用矽酸鈉水溶液（水玻璃）取代第3實施型態的清洗排水。(Fourth implementation type) In the first embodiment, incineration main ash is used as an additive containing at least one of a silicon compound and an aluminum compound. Concrete cracks, calcium-based compounds contained in cement (tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, aluminate phase, ferrite phase) or melts (slag), or containing silica minerals can also be used Rocks or debris (igneous rocks (quartz, tridymite, white silica, clinosil, heavy silica, etc.), sedimentary rocks (diatomaceous earth)) to replace the incineration main ash as an additive. In addition, instead of the cleaning drainage in the third embodiment, an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (water glass) may be used.
S11:混練步驟 S12:碳酸化步驟 S21:分離步驟 S22:混練步驟 S23:碳酸化步驟 S31:預先碳酸化步驟 S32:清洗步驟 S33:混練步驟 S34:碳酸化步驟S11: mixing step S12: carbonation step S21: separation step S22: mixing step S23: carbonation step S31: pre-carbonation step S32: cleaning step S33: mixing step S34: carbonation step
[圖1] 圖1所示為第1實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。 [圖2] 圖2所示為與從焚化飛灰溶出的鉛的濃度相關的實驗結果的圖表。 [圖3] 圖3所示為焚化主灰與焚化飛灰的含有成分的圖。 [圖4] 圖4所示為與從焚化飛灰溶出的鉛的濃度相關的實驗結果的圖表。 [圖5] 圖5所示為第2實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。 [圖6] 圖6所示為第3實施型態的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。 [圖7] 圖7所示為第3實施型態的變形例的焚化飛灰的處理方法的流程圖。 [圖8] 圖8所示為與從焚化飛灰溶出的鋁的濃度相關的實驗結果的圖表。[Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for treating incineration fly ash according to the first embodiment. [ Fig. 2 ] Fig. 2 is a graph showing experimental results related to the concentration of lead eluted from incineration fly ash. [Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a graph showing the components of incineration main ash and incineration fly ash. [ Fig. 4 ] Fig. 4 is a graph showing experimental results related to the concentration of lead eluted from incineration fly ash. [FIG. 5] FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the processing method of the incineration fly ash of the second embodiment. [FIG. 6] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing method of incineration fly ash according to the third embodiment. [FIG. 7] FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the processing method of the incineration fly ash in the modified example of the 3rd embodiment. [ Fig. 8 ] Fig. 8 is a graph showing experimental results related to the concentration of aluminum eluted from incineration fly ash.
S11:混練步驟 S11: mixing step
S12:碳酸化步驟 S12: carbonation step
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020-057583 | 2020-03-27 | ||
| JP2020057583 | 2020-03-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW202206195A TW202206195A (en) | 2022-02-16 |
| TWI806025B true TWI806025B (en) | 2023-06-21 |
Family
ID=77891903
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW110110587A TWI806025B (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-03-24 | Treatment methods of incineration fly ash |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7457793B2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI806025B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021193571A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114210690A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | 湖南军信环保股份有限公司 | Safe fly ash landfill method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200621667A (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-01 | Hyundai Eng & Construct Co Ltd | A method for removing chloride from ashes of an incinerator and a system therefor |
| TW201041669A (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-01 | Copper Iron Environmental Engineering Co Ltd | Fly ash stabilization method and application of water quenched blast furnace stone powder |
| JP2015089864A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-11 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Method for using incineration ash as cement raw material |
| JP2015178049A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-08 | 栗田工業株式会社 | Acidic waste gas-treating agent and method for preventing elution of heavy metals |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4066164B2 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2008-03-26 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Waste recycling method |
| JP4649256B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2011-03-09 | 株式会社タクマ | Garbage incinerator with incineration ash reformer |
| JP2007196153A (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Ash treatment method and apparatus |
| JP2014228406A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-08 | 西松建設株式会社 | Method for manufacturing cement solidified material of radioactive waste incineration ash, and cement solidified material |
| JP6306969B2 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2018-04-04 | 株式会社フジタ | Incineration residue treatment method |
| JP2016140782A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-08 | 株式会社Ihi | Ash handling system and radioactive waste processing system |
-
2021
- 2021-03-22 WO PCT/JP2021/011802 patent/WO2021193571A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-03-22 JP JP2022510507A patent/JP7457793B2/en active Active
- 2021-03-24 TW TW110110587A patent/TWI806025B/en active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200621667A (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-01 | Hyundai Eng & Construct Co Ltd | A method for removing chloride from ashes of an incinerator and a system therefor |
| TW201041669A (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-01 | Copper Iron Environmental Engineering Co Ltd | Fly ash stabilization method and application of water quenched blast furnace stone powder |
| JP2015089864A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-11 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Method for using incineration ash as cement raw material |
| JP2015178049A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-08 | 栗田工業株式会社 | Acidic waste gas-treating agent and method for preventing elution of heavy metals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021193571A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
| TW202206195A (en) | 2022-02-16 |
| JPWO2021193571A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
| JP7457793B2 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4377483A (en) | Method of removing dissolved heavy metals from aqueous waste liquids | |
| Li et al. | Utilization of red mud and Pb/Zn smelter waste for the synthesis of a red mud-based cementitious material | |
| CN113024214B (en) | Method for solidifying and stabilizing fly ash by cooperation of phosphogypsum and red mud | |
| JP2002362949A (en) | Method of manufacturing solidifying material utilizing oyster shell | |
| TWI806025B (en) | Treatment methods of incineration fly ash | |
| JP2008231389A (en) | Soil depurating and stabilizing agent | |
| US5416252A (en) | Waste incineration residues and the products obtained | |
| EP0853602B1 (en) | Hazardous waste treatment | |
| JP2021155270A (en) | Manufacturing method of construction material | |
| US20070000842A1 (en) | Improvements in and relating to waste processing | |
| JP2012214591A (en) | Method for manufacturing soil hardener using inorganic waste containing fluorine, soil hardener obtained thereby, and method for immobilizing soft soil using the soil hardener | |
| JP4536257B2 (en) | Method for producing sodium chloride aqueous solution | |
| JP2000301101A (en) | Treatment method of refuse incineration fly ash and acidic gas removing agent for refuse incineration exhaust gas | |
| JP2004105783A (en) | Solidification material and solidification method for soil | |
| CN114790095B (en) | Reutilization process technology of incineration garbage fly ash | |
| JPH03258343A (en) | Production of treatment agent for exhaust gas | |
| KR102530614B1 (en) | Manufacturing method of gypsum by using biosulfur and oxidation reaction and uses of the gypsum | |
| JP5147146B2 (en) | Waste incineration fly ash treatment method | |
| JP3800471B2 (en) | Method for treating inorganic waste material and reaction apparatus therefor | |
| Hidalgo et al. | Role of alkaline reserve in the acidic resistance of cement pastes | |
| TW202206746A (en) | Method of processing mswi fly ash with multiple washing operations | |
| JP2022057080A (en) | Method for recovering desalinated washed ash of chlorine-containing ash | |
| JP2022176892A (en) | Method for treating contaminated water | |
| JPS6217637B2 (en) | ||
| JP3867306B2 (en) | Dust disposal method |